Source: UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT submitted to NRP
ENHANCING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF FOOD SYSTEMS THROUGH SERVICE LEARNING-BASED ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0226447
Grant No.
2011-68006-30799
Cumulative Award Amt.
$300,233.00
Proposal No.
2011-02694
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2011
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2016
Grant Year
2011
Program Code
[A1621]- Agriculture Economics and Rural Communities: Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT
(N/A)
BURLINGTON,VT 05405
Performing Department
Community Development and Applied Economics
Non Technical Summary
The long term goal is to enhance the sustainability of the US food system and rural communities by fostering sustainable agri-food enterprises. The short term goal is develop, implement, evaluate and disseminate educational and extension programs which will prepare the entrepreneurs and employees of sustainable agri-food businesses for enduring economic prosperity. The programs, delivered within an experiential, service-learning based pedagogy, will provide training in the critical skills, knowledge and networks needed to form, manage, govern and operate agri-food based businesses. The businesses will create strategic partnerships which create value for all partners and share risk and reward equitable. The businesses will enhance the social, economic and environmental sustainability of their communities and advance public health goals by producing, processing, distributing, serving and selling healthful, sustainably and regionally produced foods and increasing their availability to community members. We begin by conduct multi-methods research to understand the critical skills, knowledge and networks needed to both start and work in sustainable agri-food firms, then incorporate these findings into a set of service-learning classes within the University of Vermont?s (UVM) curriculum, as well as UVM Extension programs. Impact on students and community partners will be assessed; results will guide the formation of curriculum guides to be shared with other higher education institutions. Our efforts build on many efforts in Vermont to place the agri-food system at the forefront of state economic development and sustainable job creation, as well as utilizing and strengthening UVM's core competencies in food systems research, Service-Learning and community entrepreneurhip.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
60250103010100%
Knowledge Area
602 - Business Management, Finance, and Taxation;

Subject Of Investigation
5010 - Food;

Field Of Science
3010 - Economics;
Goals / Objectives
The long term goal of this project is to enhance the sustainability of the US food system and rural communities by fostering sustainable agri-food enterprises. The short term goal, and the means for accomplishing the long-term goal, is to develop, implement, evaluate and disseminate a set of educational and extension programs which will prepare the entrepreneurs and employees of sustainable agri-food businesses for enduring economic prosperity. The programs, delivered within an experiential, service-learning based pedagogy, will provide training in the critical skills, knowledge and networks needed to form, manage, govern and operate agri-food based businesses. Through involvement in this project, businesses will form strategic partnerships which create value for all partners and share risk and reward equitably. In turn, these businesses will enhance the social, economic and environmental sustainability of their communities and advance public health goals by producing, processing, distributing, serving and selling healthful, sustainably and regionally produced foods and increasing their availability to community members. The supporting objectives to accomplish this goal are as follows: 1. Conduct multi-methods research to understand the critical skills, knowledge and networks needed to both start and work in 21st Century sustainable agri-food firms; a. Identify current project and research needs of local businesses and organizations; 2. Incorporate these findings into a set of service-learning classes within the University of Vermont's curriculum, as well as UVM Extension and undergraduate research programs 3. Conduct a three a year formative evaluation of these classes and programs, measuring impacts on students and communities, and adapting content for perpetual improvement 4. Map and disseminate curriculum, and course and extension modules
Project Methods
Our first phase of project implementation will focus around research to identify the skills and knowledge needed among future food systems employees and entrepreneurs. We will begin with a set of semi-structured interviews of 15-20 sustainable agri-food entrepreneurs in Vermont. We will utilize our network of non-profit, UVM Extension and State government stakeholders to identify potential interviewees, particularly the Community Advisory team. A maximum variation sampling approach will be used (Patton). The goal of the interview is to better understand the needed skills, knowledge and resources needed by successful entprepreneurs, how they learn and how they innovate. Results will inform an on-line survey of approximately 100 Vermont agri-food businesses, measuring the frequency of key interview themes and identified research needs and their correlation with firmographic attributes (including industry, product, sales, location(s), years in business, number of employees, markets used, etc.) and the entrepreneurs' demographics (age, sex, education). Survey data will be analyzed with the goal of developing a set of key knowledge areas and skills that are necessary for success as an employee and entrepreneur in sustainable food systems entrepreneurship. In order to reach our goal of preparing future workers and entrepreneurs in sustainable agri-food systems, this project will utilize the information gathered in Phase 1 research to inform a set of educational programs that will reach a diverse range of audiences. We will develop a rubric that outlines these skills and knowledge areas (as learning goals), then work with faculty members, instructors, and community organizations to "map" educational experiences to these learning goals through sequenced courses and other learning experiences.

Progress 09/01/11 to 08/31/16

Outputs
Target Audience: This project reached out to the following audiences: faculty members who teach economics, entrepreneurship and/or food systems; student farm managers; technical assistance providers throughout North America. This was done via a series of presentation at professional meetings (Agriculture Food and Human Values; National Sustainable Agriculture Education Association). It also reached out to faculty members in Plant and Soil Science at University of Vermont in the form of a solicited proposal to include entrepreneurship content in their Ecological Agriculture major Changes/Problems:Due to the loss of my co-PI, curriculum and evaluattion expert Carrie Williams Howe (who left the university), I was unable to evaluate the impact of changes in classes to the extent intended. This will have to be done once new curricula and classes are in place. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Improvement of two classes and incorporation of entreprenurship in a production agriculture major. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Journal articles, presentations at professional meetings What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We conducted mixed methods research to understand entrepreneurial education needs, incorporated into two classes, proposeda new class and proposed a curriculum change to require entrepreneurship classes. Specifically, we learned that food entrepreneurs have high interest in sustainability goals and take efforts to achieve them, but have difficult measuring the impacts. These firms discuss the importance of strategic partnerships at length as well. Interviews of alumni and professors of food and agriculture classes find that these classes emphasize co-created knowledge, networking and highly conceptual thinking skills, but students graduate lacking in basic business skills. Current entrepreneurs report learning these on the job and end spending time and effort working in rather than on the business. We found that service-learning is not a good format for these business skill topics: the topics are general, explicit knowledge that can be learned well in classrooms and often have sensitive components which pose risks to partnering firms. I am proposing a change to the Ecological Agriculture curriculum (a training ground for future farmers) to mandate three basic business courses (CDAE 166, 167 and 168: management, finance and marketing, respectively). I will be presenting this proposal to the Plant and Soil Science Department (home of Ecological Agriculture) later this month. I am also developing a class on how strategic partnerships can help small businesses measure and achieve sustainability goals. This class will have a strong service learning component of working with firms to measure sustainability goals. These ideas have been presented to numerous faculty and in professional societies for vetting and further development and have been well received.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Conner, D., DeWitt, R., Inwood, S. and Archer, M. (2016). Social Responsibility and Community Development in Vermonts Food Business Sector. Journal of Food Research 4 (6) 93-103
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Becot, F., Conner, D. and Kolodinsky, J. (2015). Where do Agri-Food Entrepreneurs Learn their Job and are there Skills they wished they had Learned? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 16 (3) 207-216.


Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Our efforts have reached these main audiences: faculty and scholars in food systems and entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship education practitioners; service-learning scholars and practitioners; entrepreneurship students. These groups have been reached by scholarly journal articles and through incorporation of findings into university classes. Changes/Problems:While I have made very good progress in meeting the project's goal and objectives, I believe there are extenuating circumstances which have prevented me from completing them, and an additional year will enable me to complete them. Specifically, in the first year of the project my co-PI, Carrie Williams-Howe left the University of Vermont for another position. In addition, my graduate research assistant Mike Archer also left the university. As a result, I have used UVM student eveluations to gauge student satisfaction with SL entrepreneurship courses, and I have needed extra time to code data and publish results. With an extra year, I will achieve project goals and objectives. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?None during this reporting period How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?To date, results have been disseminated through scholarly research articles in peer-reviewed journals and via a symposium conducted in June 2014. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Two main tasks remain: (i) to better understand the perspectives of SL community partners; (ii) synthesis of all findings into recommendations for service learning-based curriculum . To these ends, we will unertvke the following activities according to this timetable: September 2015-January 2016: data collection and analysis; draft and submit research article; revise submitted articles as needed February 2016-May 2016: Develop recommendations and draft final report, submit for internal review by interested colleagues June-August 2016: vet report with stakeholders; revise and disseminate final report Expected outputs include: Publication of final versions of articles currently under review or accepted for publication Research to reveal the role of community partners in service-learning based entrepreneurs, resulting in a fifth peer reviewed journal article. Development and dissemination of service learning-based entrepreneurship education curriculum recommendations

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Thus far we have developed educational strategies for providing critical skills, knoweldge and experiences for entrepreneurial education. These have been incorporated into two classes. Plans are under discussion to create a food entrepreneurship certificate at UVM. Evaluation of the classes in which these priciples were incorporated are complete; these classes have very high evaluation scores (ranging from 4.21 to 5.000 out of 5.00 possible points). We are evaluating the experiences of the partnering businesses to better understand how to improve the curriculum to meet their needs; our goal is to develop and disseminate best practices. To recap: good progress has been made conducting mixed methods research, publishing results and developing preliminary recommendations for incorporation into service-learning (SL) classes: we have a good sense of what skills and knowledge entrepreneurs need, how and where they learn and what content is best incorporated into SL classes (Becot et al, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation). We have largely mapped out where and how these skills are being taught at UVM (Conner et al., NACTA Journal). We have incorporated principles into youth education and outreach (Conner et al, Journal of Extension). Key principles of the project have also been incorporated into several classes with good course evaluation from students.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Becot, F., Conner, D. and Kolodinsky, J. (Accepted for publication March 10, 2015). Where do Agri-Food Entrepreneurs Learn their Job and are there Skills they wished they had Learned? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2016 Citation: Conner, D., DeWitt, R., Inwood, S. and Archer, M. (Under Review). Social Responsibility and Community Development in Vermonts Food Business Sector. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. Submitted July 8, 2015.


Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Academics and community stakeholders Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Symposium on community engagement in entrepreneurship education was conducted How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Symposium only What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Complete research, evaluation and mapping. Write up final recommendations

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Data collection is ongoing 2. Some principles have been incorporated into classes 3. Evaluation is ongoing 4. Mapping is underway

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Conner, D., Becot, F., Kolodinsky, J., Resnicow, S. and Finley Woodruff, K. (2014). Fostering the Next Generation of Agri-food Entrepreneurs in Vermont: Implications for University Based Education. NACTA Journal, 58 (3), 221-229.


Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/13

Outputs
Target Audience: The target audiences contnued to be faculty and extension educators who train future food-based entrepreneurs and employees. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? We have shared the outcomes and methods of the High School Harvest project to local schools, via a report and journal article, and to USDA FNS staff via sharing report and conferrence calls to discuss key points and future collaborations. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The aforementioned journal article; an invited talk to the 2013 Vermont Farm to Plate Annual Meeting What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continuing collecting, analyzing and publishing data; hold a training session in Summer 2014

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We have used mixed methods to better understand the needs of food businesses. We will hold a training event in Summer 2014 to begin incorporating findings into coursework.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Conner, D., Estrin, H. and Becot, F. (Accepted for publication July 2, 2013). High School Harvest: Combining Food Service Training and Institutional Procurement. Journal of Extension.


Progress 09/01/11 to 08/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The purpose of the project is to foster sustainable agri-food entrepreneurship in Vermont through the development of a Service-Learning-based curriculum. CDAE graduate student Mike Archer conducted 20 interviews of Vermont entrepreneurs to understand the key knowledge, information and networks needed for success. Results have been synthesized into five key themes centered around lifelong learning, which have been incorporated into two UVM classes. Assessment of pedagogy incorporating these themes has begun. Measurement of these themes across VT will be done via a survey. PARTICIPANTS: Carrie Williams_Howe Mike Archer TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Theme 1. Two-way communication with consumers. Theme 2. Importance of informal networks and mechanisms. Theme 3. Cultivate the local first. Theme 4. Plan for growth but be flexible. Theme 5. Success is based on passion and values. Overarching Theme. Successful entrepreneurs are reflexive, life-long learners. The state economy and citizens will benefit from greater economic opportunity in the food system

Publications

  • No publications reported this period