PEANUT VARIETY QUALITY EVALUATION PROGRAM

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 0226220
• Multistate No.: S-1038
• Project Start Date: Feb 1, 2008
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2013
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV
(N/A)
RALEIGH,NC 27695

Performing Department
Crop Science

Non Technical Summary
Virginia-type peanut production throughout the Virginia-Carolina (V-C) region adds millions of dollars to the economies of the region. The estimated value of the peanut crop in 2006 was $28.32M in South Carolina, $49.7M in North Carolina, and $9.27M in Virginia for a total value of $87.28M within the region. Although there have been recent shifts in acreage in the V-C region, peanut remains a very valuable commodity and is likely to retain the nearly 160,000 plus acres it occupies for years to come. The proposed enhanced PVQE program will provide seed of breeding lines and cultivars for evaluation by other participating states. PVQE testing needs to be expanded in order to examine variations in disease and insect pressure on peanuts in other areas. For example, diseases such as late leaf spot, Rhizoctonia limb rot, and southern stem rot, and insects such as burrowing bug and lesser cornstalk borer, are of particular economic concern to peanut growers in South Carolina but are much less of a problem in Virginia and North Carolina. Growers may minimize their investment risk by knowledge of cultivar performance in their region. Expanded research will include examination of lines that have low susceptibility to diseases of economic importance, suitable grade and quality attributes, and that consistently yield well under environmental conditions and soil types specific to other states. It is expected that some advanced breeding lines could perform well enough to be considered for joint release by NCSU and Clemson just as they have in the past between NCSU and Virginia Tech. This research will insure that seed growers and commercial peanut producers have the data needed to make informed decisions about released cultivars which can lead to improved yields and quality of the V-C regional peanut crop. These studies will yield timely results that ensure that growers have acceptable cultivars to plant and that useful data are available to all segments of the peanut industry. Stakeholders for this project include breeders, producers, extension agents, consumers, retailers, and shellers. A multistate approach is the best mechanism to meet the research and educational needs of these groups. The PVQE program is being expanded into South Carolina, while at the same time keeping the program closely aligned with the needs of shellers, manufacturers, and processors. This will help to diversify funding for the PVQE program to ensure long-term program stability and continued mutual benefit for participating states and all segments of the peanut industry that are served by this program.

Animal Health Component

(N/A)

Research Effort Categories

Basic

(N/A)

Applied

(N/A)

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
203	1830	1020	10%
203	1830	1080	30%
204	1830	1080	30%
211	1830	1080	10%
212	1830	1080	10%
701	1830	1080	10%

Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 204 - Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest); 211 - Insects, Mites, and Other Arthropods Affecting Plants; 203 - Plant Biological Efficiency and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Plants; 701 - Nutrient Composition of Food;

Subject Of Investigation
1830 - Peanut;

Field Of Science
1080 - Genetics; 1020 - Physiology;

Keywords

peanut

multiple site testing program

Goals / Objectives
To examine the yield, grade, quality, maturity, insect and disease response of advanced virginia-type peanut breeding lines and released cultivars in replicated tests within key growing areas. To develop a database for virginia-type peanut genotypes allowing knowledge-based selection for release of adapted cultivars that will meet all of the criteria for market success within the peanut industry within the respective states. To find virginia-type peanut line(s) that would be well adapted to the southernmost part of the V-C growing region and be suitable for development into cultivars.

Project Methods
Replicated small-plot trials will be conducted at 2 locations in Virginia, 3 in North Carolina, and 1 in South Carolina. Entries will be lines selected from breeders tests in the participating states. Experimental entries will be compared to standard cultivars currently in production. All entries will be evaluated for quality factors and compared with industry standards. Results will be considered by a PVQE Advisory Committee before selecting genotypes for release as cultivars. All seed will be packaged at the Tidewater AREC and delivered to the cooperating states, insuring uniform seed is used at all locations. Plots will be 2 rows trimmed to 30 feet, seeded in 36-inch beds at 4 seeds per foot of row. Treatments will be replicated 2 or 3 times as dictated by resource allocation analysis, seed supply and budget, arranged in randomized complete block or lattice designs, and managed according to Extension recommendations. Separate tests will be planted to allow two digging dates at one test site in Virginia and one in North Carolina. Early digging will be based on early- to mid-maturing lines having 60 to 70% of pods showing brown or black mesocarp tissue; late digging on mid- to late-maturing lines having similar mesocarp pigmentation. Only one digging date will be used at the other sites with harvest at optimal maturity for standard test cultivars. Virginia Tech personnel will manage field trials from planting through harvest at three locations in North Carolina, and two locations in Virginia. All field trials will be planted and harvested by the PVQE technical staff and data will be collected from all tests by the staff. Plot maintenance on the South Carolina trial will be performed by staff at the PeeDee Agricultural Research Center. Quality evaluation will be performed at the Tidewater AREC. Existing equipment, laboratory space, experiment farm acreage, grading, and drying and germplasm storage facilities will be used to implement this study. Data from all trials will be subjected to appropriate statistical analysis for evaluation. Objective 1 - To develop an agronomic and pest response database relative to different locations and environments, field measurements will include: (a) Susceptibility to tomato spotted wilt virus, late leaf spot, southern stem rot, and any other diseases of regional importance. (b) Susceptibility to thrips, southern corn rootworm and other insect pests. (c) Growth habit and terminal height. (d) Yield, value per pound, and value per acre based on yield and grade. Objective 2 - To allow selection of genotypes based on quality factors that determine suitability for the industry, laboratory measurements will include: (a) Pod brightness (Hunter L score); (b) Grade factors including jumbo and fancy pod fractions, and fractions of shelled goods falling into various US grades; (c) Fatty acid composition; (d) Kernel Ca concentration; (e) Blanchability of extra large and medium kernels; (f) Consumer acceptability of processed peanuts.

Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Seven commercially available virginia-type cultivars, 16 breeding lines from the program of T.G. Isleib and three lines from the program of S.P. Tallury were tested in seven trials at five locations in the Virginia-Carolina peanut production area: two trials (early- and late-dug) at Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center (AREC) in Sullfok, VA, two at the Taylor Slade Farm in Martin Co. near Williamston, NC, and one trial each at the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station in Edgecombe Co. near Rocky Mount, NC, the Dan McDuffy Farm in Bladen Co., NC, and the Edisto AREC in Blackville, SC. The last was grown by Dr. Scott Monford of Clemson and graded at Tidewter AREC in Suffolk. Among the six experimental lines that have been tested for three years, two (N08075olCTA and one of N08081olJC and N08082olJCT) are likely candidates for release. All three of these lines have the elevated oleic fatty acid content in the seed oil that provides extended shelf life to thie seeds and to products made from them. None of the three lines tested for a second year on 2012 were of particular note, but several of the ten lines tested for a first year had high value per acre and bright pods. PARTICIPANTS: This multi-state project is coordinated by Dr. Maria Balota of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science and te Va. AES Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension enter at Suffolk, VA. Technical support for the program is provided by Frank Bryant, Ag Specialist; Doug Redd, Ag Specialist; Pam Copeland, Office Services Specialist; Carolyn Daughtrey, Ag Technician; Brenda Kennedy, Ag Technician; and T. Balotte, Lab Assistant. Breding lines to be tested come from Dr. Balota's breeding / selection program at TAREC and from the programs of T.G. Isleib and S.P. Tallury at N.C. State University. TARGET AUDIENCES: Information generated by this project is distributed to other peanut breeders and to peanut growers, shellers, and processors. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The impact of this program comes through the release of improved breeding lines by N.C. State University and Virginia Tech. Almost all peanut cultivars grown in the Virginia-Carolina region pass through this testing program before release. The breeding lines tested in 2012 may or may not be released in the future, but the impact of current N.C. State University releases is substantial. Based on seed production figures for NC, VA, and SC for 2011, N.C. cultivars tested in this project occupied approximately 72% of the peanut acreage in those three states in 2012. The first and second cultivar releases from the accelerated breeding program, Bailey released in 2008 and Sugg in 2009, reached growers as certified seed in VA, NC, and SC in the 2012 growing season. Compared with CHAMPS and NC-V 11, the two cultivars most likely to be grown otherwise, Bailey and Sugg averaged 0.94 more cents per pound, 335 lb/A more, and $89 more per acre. The two new cultivars were grown on 61% of the certified acres in the three-state region in 2012, on 72% in North Carolina. These cultivars have high yield potential and partial resistance to the four most common economically important diseases of peanut in North Carolina: early leaf spot, Cylindrocladium black rot, Sclerotinia blight, and tomato spotted wilt virus.

Publications

• Balota, M. 2012. 2011 Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation results. I. Agronomic and grade data. Va. Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. Tidewater Agric. Res. Ext. Ctr / Va. AES Inf. Ser. 497. 54 pp.
• Balota, M. 2012. 2011 Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation results. II. Quality data. Va. Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. Tidewater Agric. Res. Ext. Ctr / Va. AES Inf. Ser. 498. 46 pp.