Source: UNIV OF MINNESOTA submitted to NRP
MARITAL RECONCILIATION AND DIVORCE DECISION MAKING
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0225718
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2011
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2014
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF MINNESOTA
(N/A)
ST PAUL,MN 55108
Performing Department
Family Social Science
Non Technical Summary
Americans are a marrying group. A successful marriage is held as one indicator of happiness and success in American culture. Indeed, studies that highlight Americans attitudes toward marriage indicate that anywhere from 80- 90% of all Americans want marriage and want to be in happy, healthy marriages. With so much emphasis on the primacy of marriage in American culture, it is surprising that our divorce rate is so high. The increased divorce rate within the last century in the United States has been called one of the most significant social changes to affect family life in the history of the family (Amato, 2010). Currently, around half of all new marriages and from 60 to about 73% of all second or later marriages will end in divorce. Research on the impact of divorce for those who experience it directly is very clear; divorce often brings with it stressful transitions (new living and child care arrangements), downward economic mobility and even poverty (especially for women and children), transitional social isolation (loss of "couple" friends), decreases in kinship network support (in-laws), and a host of other negative emotional, behavioral, and physical health outcomes for both adults and children as well as a negative economic impact on state and federal budgets. Despite the fact that divorce is a pervasive social phenomenon, there is much we do not know about the process people undertake when they begin to entertain the idea of pursuing a divorce, or how thoughts about the primacy of marriage and the need for divorce occupy the minds of those who struggle with the quality or their marital relationships. The tension between the desire for a healthy and fulfilling marriage and the need for divorce as a mechanism to resolve marital problems is the focus of this project. The following are areas of inquiry for this project (not all are written as specific research questions). Why do some unhappily married people pursue divorce while others stay in their unhappy relationships Do those who stay, despite their unhappiness, ever experience satisfaction in their marriages Are those who initiated divorce happier and living more stable lives after having done so How does the act of thinking about divorce compare with the act of talking about divorce and is one process more predictive of divorce than the other What are the expected or hoped for outcomes when a person pursues divorce Can these be achieved in other ways than through divorce Why do some couples decide to pursue a divorce option at one point in time, only to stay together and remain together, even as happily married people years later Has the recent economic climate had an impact on those who wanted divorce but were unable to get one due to the costs involved How do people move from the decision to divorce to a decision to pursue reconciliation, and how often does this happen What are the clinical implications of this decision making process for those who work clinically with couples on the brink of divorce The potential benefits of this research span public education, family intervention, and policy realms.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
80260203070100%
Goals / Objectives
1. To investigate the phenomenon of how people think and act during the divorce decision making process, including an investigation of the thoughts and actions regarding marital reconciliation. 2. To understand more about couples who begin a divorce process but ultimately choose to stay together. This includes developing a typology profile for people who initiate the legal aspects of the divorce process.
Project Methods
1. A mixed-methods study, in collaboration with colleagues at Brigham Young University and The University of Missouri, will be conducted. People will be surveyed (quantitative) and interviewed (qualitative) regarding their thoughts and actions regarding their divorce seeking behaviors. Independent variables will include sample demographics that have been shown to have an impact on marriage and divorce (i.e., education, socioeconomic status, previous marriage status, children, age, and religiosity). While the main dependent variables are currently hypothesized to be constructs such as marital status, assessments of marital stability and satisfaction, and assessments of family functioning. In the qualitative interviews the emphasis will be on the split between internal (self talk) versus external (talking with others) dialogue that people conduct when they are on the precipice of a divorce decision. Also, the nature and tenor of the self/other talk will be assessed (i.e., does it seem to be a calm reasoning as opposed to a more emotionally charged debate) The design will be more thoroughly conceptualized in the summer of 2011 as the research team convenes to set a protocol in place. It is anticipated that participants will be recruited from Minnesota, Missouri, Utah, and Texas. 2. As part of the Minnesota Couples on the Brink Project (Dr. Harris serves this project as the Associate Director for Training and Evaluation), researchers will conduct a variety of studies using data from Twin Cities county clerk offices regarding those who have filed for divorce in Hennepin and Ramsey counties. Divorce filings are public records and those who file for divorce will be contacted to see if they are willing to participate in a study. Participants will be asked the reasons for filing for divorce (to assist in standardizing a typology), if there is interest in reconciliation, and other demographic information. With this research agenda just being established it is too early to provide details on specific instruments to be used, sample sizes, or statistical analyses at this time. However, from pilot test data and initial testing of the waters we know that the number of those who file for divorce is fairly consistent; there is a good supply of potential research participants. Plans to tighten the design and strategize about implementation will begin in the summer of 2011.

Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Target audiences include the community of marriage and famliy professionals who provide services (therapy or relationship (family life) education) to families of all types in the United States. The other target audience is comprised of individuals in the general public who find themselves on the brink of divorce. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? I continue to find broad support for my work in this area and have found that my partnerships have been opening opportunites for more projects and possible external funding to continue this research agenda. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The results have been distributed in some circles but that circulation is currently limited to those who receive discernment counseling training. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Secured a book deal with APA to describe the Discernment Counseling protocol. Secured funding (seed money - internal @ BYU) with colleague, Alan Hawkins at Brigham Young University, to do a large scale study of people on the brink of divorce to assess their thinking and decision making about divorce. Working with partners at BYU, University of Missouri, Universisty of North Texas, and Montanna State Univeristy to track these couples longitudinaly. Secured foundation (Bradley Foundation - Milwaukee, WI) funds to do program evaluation on the "Marital First Responders" project. This project trains people in the general public who exist within natuarlly occuring social networks on how to respond to people who confide in them about marital problems.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Schramm, D. G., Harris, S. M., Whiting, J. B., Hawkins, A. J., Brown, M., & Porter, R. (2013). Economic Costs and Policy Implications Associated with Divorce: Texas as a Case Study. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 54, 1-24. DOI: 10.1080/10502556.2012.725354


Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: There are two main target audiences for this research. One is a community of Marriage and Family Therapy professionals who provide clinical services to couples who are deciding about the future of their relationship. The second audience for this research are couples who are in the divorce/marriage reconciliation decision making process. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The lead PI has provided training in the area of martial reconciliation to two different graduate students and one undergraduate student during 2013. All were given an opportunity to assist with project development and implementation. The undergraduate student was also given the opportunity to collect raw data and to transcribe clinical session material for later analysis. The lead PI has also conducted a number of training sessions in the "Discernment Counseling" protocol as his role with the Minnesota Couples on the Brink Project coincides and dovetails nicely with this AES project. Aproximatley 240 individuals were trained throughout the year. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Presentations have occured in university settings (Utah), at state-level professional association meetings (Alabama), at a national conference (The American Assocaition of Marriage and Family Therapy - Portland, Oregon), and with private counseling agencies (Georgia). Each presentation was made to an audience of practitioners who will take the discernment counseling protocol to their own practice settings. An article on marital decision making was submitted and accepted for publication to the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. It will be in print in 2014. JMFT has a readership of about 50,000 people. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We will continue to seek out and find individuals who are considering divorce and interview them about their decision making process.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The lead researcher and his associate completed a project of interviewing women who had considered divorce but decided to remain married. We were able to discover the role couple therapy played in their decision making as well as other variables/characteristics of coming close to divorce but ultimately deciding to reconcile. The findings confirmed what has been known in the literature as well as added depth to our clinical understanding of the role of couple therapy in helping couples decide a reconciliation path in their marriages when divorce is on the table. We also have been working with a community data set, from family court records, to locate couples who have filed for divorce during the economic downturn of 2008 and are still on record as being married. We are intersted in knowing the status of these marriages. We have secured IRB approval to interview couples and have begun the process of locating them. Many on our list have since secured the divorce and we are still in the process of locating and interviewing others who are still married. This has been slow going and it has been difficult to reconcile court records and other public documents with the acutal relationship status of these individuals.

Publications

  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Hawkins, A.J., Fackrell, T.A., Harris, S. M. (2013) Should I try to work it out?: A guidebook for couples at the crossroads of divorce. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Kanewischer, E.J.W, & Harris, S.M. (in press). Deciding not to undo the I do": Therapy experiences of women who consider divorce but decide to remain married. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Provided four different trainings on Discernment Counseling, a couple therapy protocol for assisting those who are considering divorce but want to know if a possible reconciliation is possible. Presentations occurred in Alabama (120 participants), Utah (40 participants), Oregon (50 participants) and Georgia (32 participants).


Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Three main outputs have occurred during this year.

(1) In conjunction with the Minnesota Couples on the Brink Project (Dr. William J. Doherty - University of Minnesota) a free 8-hour training on the topic of "Discernment Counseling" was offered to mental health professionals in the Twin Cities area. The training was held on the U of M campus in McNeal Hall and approximately 80 people attended the training. Discernment counseling is a new counseling protocol that we are pioneering. It is designed to engage married couples where the individuals in the couple have different agendas with regard to the dissolution of the marriage. It offers couples a new way of looking at all options available with emphasis placed on restoring health to the relationship, if possible, through an in-depth and carefully guided reconciliation process.

(2) With a current graduate student in Family Social Science, Erica Kanewischer, we presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (Charlotte, NC - Sept) the results of a research project designed to shed light on what was helpful in marital therapy for women who were considering divorce but ultimately decided to stay in their marriages. Several hundred people reviewed the research presented in poster format. Both Erica and Dr. Harris engaged conference attendees in conversations about relational decision making topics. Erica won a competitive award for her research proposal from the hosting organization.

(3) With Dr. William Doherty, we presented on the topic of Discernment Counseling to an audience of about 70 people at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (Charlotte, NC - Sept). This was a day-long institute and each attendee was exposed to the same training offered in the Twin Cities earlier in June 2012. PARTICIPANTS: Co-Authors, Co-Presenters, and Consultants Erica Kanewischer - Graduate Student in Family Social Science - U of M William J. Doherty - Professor Family Social Science - U of M Bridget Manley Mayer - Project Coordinator, Minnesota Couples on the Brink Project David Schramm, Ph.D., Assistant Professor - University of Missouri- Columbia Jason Whiting, Ph.D., Associate Professor - Texas Tech University Alan Hawkins, Ph.D., Professor - Brigham Young University Jennifer Sampson - Graduate Student in Family Social Science Katherine Wickel - Graduate Student in Family Social Science Robert Porter, Ph.D., - Private Practice, Austin Texas Jason Whiting, Ph.D., - Texas Tech University Matthew Brown, Ph.D., Texas Tech University Undergraduate Students (research assistants from the U of M) Shauna Fenske Shelise Decal Samantha Robson TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience for the majority of the work I have been doing is clinical practitioners of marriage and family therapy, marriage counselors, and other stakeholders concerned with discovering options to help couples at the crossroads of divorce. Other potential audiences include academics interested in studying divorce and relational decision making. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Minnesota Couples on the Brink Project: Part of Dr. Harris's time is spent working with Dr. William J. Doherty on this project. Dr. Harris has brought program evaluation skills and technological support to the project. The main product developed during this past year for this project is an instructional DVD that shows a couple undergo the process of Discernment Counseling. It is anticipated that this DVD will help to train clinicians in the Discernment Counseling protocol at both the basic and advanced levels. The DVD has been used in both trainings mentioned above. Feedback from those who attended the trainings indicated that the video was helpful in illustrating the protocol. Additional feedback about the trainings in general indicated that the majority of respondents saw the benefit of adding Discernment Counseling principles to their clinical repertoire. Some who attended the basic training indicated their desire to receive additional training in the future. This will be one of the Project goals for the coming year; to train more clinicians at the advanced level so they can, in turn, train others in their communities at the basic level.

AES funds were used in the summer to support travel for Dr. Harris to meet with colleagues at Brigham Young University (Dr. Alan Hawkins) who also engages in research on marital reconciliation and relational decision making. Planning with Dr. Hawkins included laying the ground work for a study on how the recession of 2008 impacted divorce decision making. This study will begin in October of 2012 and continue throughout the remainder of the coming year.

Four primary publications were accepted for publication during this year of the project:

Schramm, D.G., Harris, S.M, Whiting, J. B., Porter, R., Brown, M., & Hawkins, A. (in press). Economic Costs and Policy Implications Associated with Divorce: Texas as a Case Study, Journal of Divorce and Remarriage.

Additionally, 3 entries the encyclopedia, "Cultural Sociology of Divorce: An Encyclopedia" (Ed.) R. E. Emery were accepted during the past year. -Adultery/Infidelity (Co-authored with graduate student Jennifer Sampson) -Divorces Initiated by Women (Co-authored with graduate student Erica Kanewischer) -Staying Married for the Sake of Children Co-authored with graduate student Kit Wickel)

Publications

  • No publications reported this period