Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
All goals were accomplished
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
J. Dairy Sci. 96 :73717381
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.2013-7084
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? fundiing was requested to conduct a calcium balance study to examine if calcium excretion is significantly increased ue to DCAD diets.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
For objective 1 an article was published on nutrient variability in dairy cattle in the journal of dairy science (2013) and numerous talks have been given based on its content to both producer, nutritionist, veterinarians and veterinary students (see previous reports). For objective 2, an MS thesis has been submitted and a publication is currently being prepared. and for objective 3 a publication is being prepared based on data collected to test the results presented in objective 1. However, objective 3 was not funded (in the past year)
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
G. Acetoze, R. Kurzbard, J.J. Ramsey, K.C. Klasing, H.A. Rossow.(2013) Influence of mitochondrial function of broilers with and without growth enhancing levels of minerals supplementation during a coccidiosis challenge. American Society of Animal Science July 8-12. Abstract
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
G. Acetoze, R. Kurzbard, J.J. Ramsey, K.C. Klasing, H.A. Rossow. (2013) Influence of mitochondrial function on feed efficiency of broilers with and without growth enhancing levels of minerals supplementation during a coccidiosis challenge. ISEP Sept.Abstract
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Acetoze, G., A.M. Gehman*, K.A. Dawson*, H.A. Rossow. (2014) Evaluation of mineral excretion of lactating Holstein dairy cows supplemented with Cobalt, Copper, Manganese and Zinc in organic and inorganic forms. American Dairy Science Assn. July 20-24. Abstract
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Acetoze, G.A. (2014) Relationship between feed efficiency and mitochondrial efficiency with and without mineral supplementation. PhD Thesis, Animal Biology, UC Davis
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Kalloway, L. (2014) Assessing the relationships between blood analytes and milk components of Holstein dairy cows during lactation on a commercial herd in Central California. MS Thesis, Nutrition, UC Davis
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Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Results have been presented to other researchers in the NC 2040 research group, feed growers and dairymen at a seminar given at an Extension sponsored meeting and presented in class to third and fourth year food animal veterinary students Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This is the third chapter of a PhD thesis for Gabriela Acetoze. Data has been used to teach year 3 and year 4 veterinary students about actual diets and variation that are used on commerical dairies How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results are disseminated through formal classes, Extension seminars and journal publications What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We are continuing studying variation in nutrient supply but focussing on minerals and the relationships between form and amount of mineral fed and mineral excretion
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Journal publication was published showing results of objectives 1 and 2. Data was also presented as previously described and is used in teaching veterinary students about nutrition on commercial dairy farms and has been presented to farmers and nutritionists at an extension meeting. In addition, data has been collected to explore mineral and N input and excretion in a sub sample of dairy cows on a commericial dairy farm. samples are currently being analyzed in the lab.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.2013-7084
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In July 2012 - September 2012 Two digestion trials were run comparing N and minerals in feed to manure (total collection) to compare high cow rations from two dairies. The six fistulated cows were used in the feeding trial. In addition, blood, urine and in situ digestion of particle sorted feed was measured to assess rumen function (disappearance, VFA and microbial protein production) during the digestion trial. Measurement of particle size digestion will be developed as a simple tool to estimate digestibility, a primary component of feed efficiency. Samples are currently being analyzed and results will be used to parameterize fecal output and rumen production within Molly the metabolic model of a dairy cow. This information will be used to predict inputs into the manure model which predicts N and P flow through different processing technologies on a dairy. Therefore the next step is to validate N and P flow for a dairy using the manure model. This will result in tools to help estimate Nutrient balance on individual dairies to aid in management of nutrient balance. From data collected on nutrient variation in the previous time period, a manuscript is being prepared and two talks on the results are scheduled to be given at a continiuing education seminar sponsored by food animal veterinary students in UC Davis FARM club, and to UC Davis Animal Science department. Since dry matter is the most variable nutrient and silage is the most variable feed, use of a desktop NIR, from John Deere, to estimate dry matter and protein in forages was compared to oven values and to estimate short term changes in silage dry matter with rain. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are veterinarians, nutritionists and dairymen. By reporting variability associated with feeding management areas of improvement will be identified to reduce nutrient excretion and waste. . PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Because there is variation in day to day nutrients fed and therefore it is difficult to estimate nutrient intake and therefore nutrient balance across a cow, the experiments were conducted using fistulated cows in a more controlled environment for total collections. However, diets from each dairy were still fed to the cows to compare nutrient digestibilities and balance for each dairy.
Impacts
2011-2012 Samples and data from the N and mineral digestion trial are currently being analyzed in preparation for a manuscript and presentation at the California Animal Nutrition Conference in the spring. Equations predicting dry matter changes in silage with rain were presented at American dairy science association meetings and discussions are underway with EZFeed (DHI Plius) on implementing the equations within their feed management software. Results were also presented at UCCE Silage Day, Modesto, CA 8/2012. "Timing Harvest for Silage Quality".
Publications
- L. Kallaway, N. Falcony, T. Meister, H.A. Rossow. 2012. Dry matter changes in corn silage with rain. Abstract American Dairy Science Assn, Phoenix, AZ, July 15.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In October-January of 2010-2011 and August 2011-October 2011, TMR ration and residual feed samples were collected for 7 weeks at 3 and 4 dairies in the Tulare area. These samples were analyzed for nutrient composition (protein, fiber, minerals, etc.). Rations formulated by the nutritionist and ration compositions mixed in the feed wagon were also collected to determine how much difference there was between what was intended to be fed and what was actually fed at each step. Four pens on each dairy were sampled: close up dry cows, early fresh cows, high cows and medium / high cows. Preliminary results from the first set of data (Oct-Jan 2010-2011) have just been analyzed. The data collected above was also used as ration inputs into two computer models of nutrient metabolism of a dairy cow to determine what the effects of under or over feeding would be on cow production and nutrient content of the waste stream. The models show deviations in milk, milk protein and fat with changes in nutrient supply that are not reflected in the actual milk numbers. The models predict weekly deviations but actual production numbers are based on monthly DHIA test values. Therefore there are impacts of feeding deviations on milk production that will not show up on monthly tests but could be reflected in poor health (lower body condition). Preliminary results were presented to veterinarians, nutritionist and industry representatives at a seminar entitled 'What nutrient balance means on the dairy'. Dairy Production Medicine Seminar Feb 7, 2011. Tulare CA PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are veterinarians, nutritionists and dairymen. By reporting variability associated with feeding management areas of improvement will be identified to reduce nutrient excretion and waste. Results were discussed individually with dairymen and their nutritionists involved in the project and were presented in a seminar to all three target audiences in february of last year. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Originally samples were to be collected over a years time but because funding was not obtained until late in the year and was required to be used in a very short period of time the project was modified to measure TMR changes during extremes in weather. Samples were collected during the fall / winter and then during the following summer.
Impacts
Based on these preliminary results, several feeding recommendations have been made to the dairies, presented in meetings and referenced in other popular press articles and presented in the above mentioned seminar. 1. Dry matter content of forages should be analysed more frequently and should be taken into account in ration formulation and mixing. 2. If whey is exchanged for water, formulations and feed loading should be adjusted to account for lower soluble protein, lactose and mineral content. Also water should not be added if not formulated into the ration. 3. Pen counts should be performed more often. Inaccurate pen counts lead to under- and overfeeding with negative implications for milk yield and animal health. 4. Mineral mixes should be adjusted to the complete diet including mineral content of the forage and water. Sodium and iron were consumed in up to two times the formulated amount. Also close up cows consumed more potassium and less chloride than formulated, despite intake of 10% more DCAD hay. Once the error associated with feeding and its impact on milk production has been assessed, the next step is to examine nutrient balance across the cow and pen for nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. In order to accomplish this, nutrient intake and excretion must be estimated on individual cows to assess efficiency of nutrient use. Funds are being requested to continue this research by developing methods to quantify intake and excretion on individual cows in a commercial setting by using an indigestible marker associated with the feed (indigestible ADF and indigestible ash). In addition the paper described below was published illustrating current waste management practices on dairies to aid with developing a model on manure flow on a dairy. The nutrient balance data will be combined with the survey data to model inputs from feed management and nutrient balance for the manure model (nutrient content of the waste stream).
Publications
- D. Meyer, P.L. Price, H.A. Rossow, N. Silva del Rio, B. Karle, P.H. Robinson, E.J. DePeters, and J. Fadel. (2011) Survey of dairy housing and manure management practices in California. Journal of Dairy Science 94:4744-4750.
- H.A. Rossow, R.J. van Hoeij, G. Acetoze. 2011. Differences in nutrients formulated and nutrients supplied on three California Dairies. Journal of Dairy Science Abstract.
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