Source: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF MODERN FOOD PRODUCTION
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0223989
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
OKL02805
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2010
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2015
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Lusk, JA.
Recipient Organization
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
STILLWATER,OK 74078
Performing Department
Ag Economics
Non Technical Summary
Achieving additional increases in agricultural productivity to meet world food demand is not simply a question of what is scientifically or technologically possible, but also a question of what consumers will support and the kind of society in which they want to live. Consumers in developed countries, little concerned about hunger, have shifted focus to uncertainties associated with long-term impacts from modern food production and with the sustainability of the current system. The average citizen is not only beginning to face social pressure to alter their individual food purchases but increasingly, food regulations are dictating what foods will be produced and how. While much has been written on the individual components of the interplay between structural and technological change in agriculture and consumers' food preferences, there have been few attempts to integrate the disparate writings on the subject in an objective fashion drawing on the scientific literature. In particular, there is a need for a more in-depth treatment relying on objective scientific research than what is offered by the popular press writings on the topic. Moreover, there is the need for more economic research to assess the overall consequences (both positive and negative) of the changes and regulations being proposed. The overall purpose of this research project is to determine the economic consequences of consumers' food preferences and food policies directed toward modern industrial farming practices.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
6076199301050%
6096199301050%
Knowledge Area
607 - Consumer Economics; 609 - Economic Theory and Methods;

Subject Of Investigation
6199 - Economy, general/other;

Field Of Science
3010 - Economics;
Goals / Objectives
The overall purpose of this research project is to determine the economic consequences of consumers' food preferences and food policies directed toward modern industrial farming practices. Specific research objectives are both qualitative and quantitative and include: 1) Develop an integrative framework to conceptualize the various components of the seemingly disparate reactions to modern farming practices including factors such as local, production origin, rejection of certain technologies, and sustainability. a. Identify the underlying motivations for consumer activism on the subject and the commonalities between various components of the rejection of modern food production methods. b. Determine consumer and farmer preferences for modern food production methods using survey and experimental methods. 2) Identify the economic consequences of food preferences and food policies directed toward modern industrial farming practices. a. Develop methods to utilize estimates of consumer preferences to determine optimal food regulation, especially as it relates to estimates of the value of information. b. Determine the economic impacts of buying locally. c. Determine the relationship between local and sustainability, and determine the economic impacts of regulations promoting sustainability. d. Determine the economic impacts of prohibitions against genetically modified foods and other related technologies. 3) Determine the role of interest groups (farm organizations, consumers, and activists) in the emerging food controversies.
Project Methods
Procedures for Objective 1 To carry out the first objective, a number of activities will be undertaken. Consumer and producer preferences and beliefs will be determined using a variety of survey and experimental methods including contingent valuation, conjoint analysis, and experimental auction. Latent class and clustering methods will be used to identify groups of people with similar preferences/beliefs and factor analysis will be used to identify variables having similar effects on acceptance/rejection of food technologies. In addition to using existing methodologies for estimating food preferences, extensions of previous methods and entirely new approaches will be explored to help people formulate and articulate their preferences in a way that enhances external validity. Procedures for Objective 2 Because many controversial food products have associated public policy ramifications - i.e., new labeling policies potentially associated with genetically modified foods - it is important to model the effect of new products or technology on market prices and producers and consumer welfare. Development of such models requires collection of various types of information including: consumer response to a given policy or technological development (which can be assessed via methods outlined in Objective 1), producer response to a given policy or technological development (which can be assed via either survey methods or through scientific estimates of effect on production), potential administrative costs of a policy, and structural market parameters such as elasticities of supply and demand. Once these data are collected, a number of questions can be addressed. This research will develop models that link retail, wholesale, and farm markets. These models will be used to estimate changes in producer welfare resulting from a particular policy or technological development. These same models can be used to estimate producer returns to investing in certain technologies and to determine if consumer demand for a policy is sufficiently high to offset any losses in producer welfare caused by the costs imposed by a particular policy. Procedures for Objective 3 To accomplish this objective, several procedures will be used. First, surveys will be used to identify determinants of people's contributions to interest groups. Second, studies of the relationship between legislators' voting records and interest group contacts/donations will be conducted. Third, the factors determining the appearance of state-wide ballot initiatives related to food regulation will be studied. Finally, the strategic interaction between activists, farmers, and food companies will be studied using game theory models.

Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Agricultural economists Agricultural producers Agribusinesses Policy makers Food consumers Media Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A number of projects are underway to study the economic consequences of consumers' food preferences and food policies directed toward modern industrial farming practices. The first is the further development and continuation of the monthly Food Demand Survey (FooDS). This is in addition to continual surveys and experiments on other issues. For example, studies were completed on the effects nutritional information on food choice, effects of fat taxes and thin subsidies, consumer preferences for genetically engineered foods, consumer preferences for meat labels and meat quality attributes, and effects of selected food policies. Lusk has given numerous invited talks on the research at Universities, professional academic conferences, agricultural industry meetings, and to those working in government positions. Many services have been offered from the project. Lusk teaches a graduate level course, where he trains students on them the methods used to study consumer decision making. Lusk has served as an official and unofficial consultant on many projects for agribusinesses and government agencies. Products from the project include numerous journal articles, books, and the creation of decision aids. There is significant evidence of the research producing a change in knowledge. Lusk's work is frequently used and cited by other academics, agricultural organizations, and by food activist groups, and has been cited, for example, by the World Trade Organization in dispute settlements. His research and writings has appeared in numerous popular online blogs, press releases, newspapers, and magazines including the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and the Washington Post. His academic work has been cited over 7,500 times according to googlescholar.

Publications

  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Lusk, J.L. Consumer Information and Labeling. in US Programs Affecting Food and Agricultural Marketing. W.J. Armbruster and R.D. Knutson (eds). New York: Springer Science + Business Media, 2012.
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lusk, J.L. The Food Police: A Well-Fed Manifesto about the Politics of Your Plate. New York: Crown Forum, 2013.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gb�gb�l�gb� D.S., J. Lowenberg-DeBoer, R. Adeoti, J.L. Lusk, O. Coulibaly. The Estimated Ex Ante Economic Impact of Bt Cowpea in Niger, Benin and Northern Nigeria. Agricultural Economics. 46(2015):563-577.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: McFadden, B.R. and J.L. Lusk. Cognitive Biases in the Assimilation of Scientific Information on Global Warming and Genetically Modified Food. Food Policy. 54(2015):35-43.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Thompson, N.M., E.A Devuyst, B.W. Brorsen, and J.L. Lusk. Yield Grade and Quality Grade Outcome Distributions Conditioned on Molecular Breeding Values for Commercial Beef Cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 93(2015):2045-2055.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Pendell, D., T.L. Marsh, K.H. Coble, J.L Lusk, and S. Szmania. Economic Assessment of FMDv Releases from the National Bio and Agro Defense Facility. PLoS ONE. 10(2015): e0129124.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Vestal, M., J.L. Lusk, S. Cooper, and C. Ward. What Are the Consequences of the Equine Slaughter Ban on Horse Prices? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. 47(2015):27-46.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Lusk, J.L., B. McFadden, B.J. Rickard. Which Biotech Foods Are Most Acceptable to the Public? Biotechnology Journal. 10(2015):13-16.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Avitia, J., M. Costa-Font, J.M. Gil, and J.L. Lusk. A Calibrated Auction-Conjoint Experiment to Elicit Consumer Preferences for Sustainable Farming. Food Quality and Preference. 41(2015):1-11.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Rousu, M., S. Marette, J. Thrasher, and J.L. Lusk. The Economic Value to Smokers of Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarettes: Evidence from Combining Market and Experimental Auctions Data. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 108(2014):123-134.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lusk, J.L. Lunch with Pigou: Externalities and the Hidden Costs of Food. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review. 42(2013):419-435.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Miller, J.C., K.H. Coble, and J.L. Lusk. Evaluating Top Faculty Researchers and the Incentives that Motivate Them. Scientometrics. 97(2013)519-533.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Tonsor, G.T., T.C. Schroeder, and J.L. Lusk. Consumer Valuation of Alternative Meat Origin Labels. Journal of Agricultural Economics. 64(2013):676692.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lusk, J.L. Role of Technology in the Global Economic Importance and Viability of Animal Protein Production. Animal Frontiers. 3(2013):20-26.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grebitus, C. J.L. Lusk, and R. Nayga, Jr. Explaining Differences in Real and Hypothetical Experimental Auctions and Choice Experiments With Personality. Journal of Economic Psychology. 36(2013):11-26.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grebitus, C. J.L. Lusk, and R. Nayga, Jr. Local Foods  Is a Mile a Mile? Effect of Distance of Transportation on Willingness to Pay for Food. Ecological Economics. 88(2013):6775.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Brooks, K. and J.L. Lusk. Public and Private Preferences for Animal Cloning Policies. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 37(2012):485-501.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Marette. Can Labeling and Information Policies Harm Consumers? Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization. 10(2012):1-13.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Lusk, J.L. The Political Ideology of Food. Food Policy. 37(2012):530-542.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. New Tool (FooDS) Identifies Consumers Views on Food Safety. Choices. October, 2014.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. Should the Government Tax Sugary Soda? Congressional Quarterly (CQ). October 3, 2014, pg 833
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. In Defense of Frankenfoods. Milken Institute Review. Fourth Quarter 2014, pg 30-41.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Rigby, D., M. Burton, and J.L. Lusk, Journal Rankings in Agricultural and Environmental Economics. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 97(2015):490-509.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Desrochers, P. and J.L. Lusk. The Inability and Undesirability of Local Croplands to Meet Food Demand. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 13(2015):409-410.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Lusk, J.L. Discussion on Information, Prices and Healthy Lifestyle Choices of Adults. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 93(2011):385-386.


Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Agricultural economists Agricultural producers Agribusinesses Policy makers Food consumers Media Changes/Problems: There is significant evidence of the research producing a change in knowledge. Lusk's work is frequently used and cited by other academics, agricultural organizations, and by food activist groups. His research and writings has appeared in numerous popular online blogs, press releases, newspapers, and magazines including the New York Times and Wall Street Journal. His academic work has been cited over 6,000 times according to googlescholar. There are no problems to report. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Lusk has given numerous invited talks on the research at Universities, professional academic conferences, agricultural industry meetings, and to those working in government positions. Many services have been offered from the project. Lusk teaches a graduate level course, where he trains students on them the methods used to study consumer decision making. Lusk has served as an official and unofficial consultant on many projects for agribusinesses and government agencies. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Lusk has given numerous invited talks on the research at Universities, professional academic conferences, agricultural industry meetings, and to those working in government positions. Monthly release report: Indices of consumer sentiments on (or beliefs about) the safety, quality, and price of food consumed at home and away from home. Indices of consumers' anticipated demand for various meat products consumed at home and away from home. Awareness of food-related issues or events that could affect demand. Results related to emerging policy and marketing issues. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Conduct a monthly survey of US consumers about food issues Write a book on uses of technology and innovation in food and agriculture Conduct consumer research to determine acceptance of new food technologies

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A number of projects are underway to study the economic consequences of consumers' food preferences and food policies directed toward modern industrial farming practices. The first is the further development and continuation of the monthly Food Demand Survey (FooDS). This is in addition to continual surveys and experiments on other issues. For example, studies were completed on the effects nutritional information on food choice, effects of fat taxes and thin subsidies, consumer preferences for genetically engineered foods, consumer preferences for meat labels and meat quality attributes, and effects of selected food policies.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Ellison, B., J.L. Lusk, and D. Davis. The Impact of Restaurant Calorie Labels on Food Choice: Results from a Field Experiment. Economic Inquiry. 52(2014):666-681.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Devuyst, E., M. Devuyst, and Jayson L. Lusk. USDA Quality Grades May Mislead Consumers. Journal of Animal Science. 92(2014):3142-3148.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bruce, A.S., J.L. Lusk, J.M. Crespi, J.B.C. Cherry, B.R. McFadden, C.R. Savage, J.M. Bruce, W.M. Brooks, and L.E. Martin L.E. Consumer Brain Responses to Controversial Food Technologies and Price. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics. 7(2014):164-173.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L., J. Roosen, and A. Bieberstein. Consumer Acceptance of Controversial New Food Technologies: Causes and Roots of Controversies. Annual Review of Resource Economics. 6(2014):381-405.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Costanigro, M. and J.L. Lusk. The Signaling Effect of Mandatory Labels on Genetically Engineered Food. Food Policy. 49(2014):259267.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. Are You Smart Enough to Know What to Eat: A Critique of Behavioral Economics as Justification for Regulation. European Review of Agricultural Economics. 41(2014):355-373.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Grijalva, T.C., J.L. Lusk, and Shaw, W.D. Discounting the Distant Future: An Experimental Investigation. Environmental and Resource Economics. 59 (2014):39-63.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L., T.C. Schroeder, and G.T. Tonsor. Distinguishing Beliefs from Preferences in Food Choice. European Review of Agricultural Economics. 41(2014):627-655.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Klain, T., J.L. Lusk, G. Tonsor, and T.C. Schroeder. An Experimental Approach to Valuing Information. Agricultural Economics. 45(2014):635-648.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Drichoutis, A. and J.L. Lusk. Judging Statistical Models of Individual Decision Making Under Risk Using In- and Out-of-Sample Criteria. PLoS ONE. 9(2014)e102269
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Thompson, N.M., E.A Devuyst, B.W. Brorsen, and J.L. Lusk. Value of Genetic Information for Management and Selection of Feedlot Cattle. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 38(2014):139-155.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Ellison, B., J.L. Lusk, and D. Davis. The Effect of Calorie Labels on Caloric Intake and Restaurant Revenue: Evidence from Two Full Service Restaurants. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. 46(2014):173-191.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jarmolowicz, D.P., J.B.C. Cherry, D.D. Reed, J.M. Bruce, J.M. Crespi, J.L. Lusk, A. Bruce. Robust Relation between Temporal Discounting Rates and Body Mass. Appetite. 78(2014):63-67.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  January 2014. White paper, Oklahoma State University, January 2014.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  February 2014. White paper, Oklahoma State University, February 2014.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  March 2014. White paper, Oklahoma State University, March 2014.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  April 2014. White paper, Oklahoma State University, April 2014.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  May 2014. White paper, Oklahoma State University, May 2014.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L., S. Marette, and F.B. Norwood. The Paternalist Meets His Match. Applied Economics Perspectives and Policy. 26(2014):61-108.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Smithson, K., Corbin, M., J.L. Lusk, and F.B. Norwood. Predicting State?Wide Votes on Ballot Initiatives to Ban Battery Cages and Gestation Crates. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. 46(2014):107-124.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. Are Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes a Cost-Effective Means of Reducing Weight? Canadian Journal of Diabetes. 38(2014):9-10.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  October 2013. White paper, Oklahoma State University, October 2013.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  November 2013. White paper, Oklahoma State University, November 2013.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  December 2013. White paper, Oklahoma State University, December 2013.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  First Year Review. White paper, Oklahoma State University, May 2014.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  June 2014. White paper, Oklahoma State University, June 2014.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  July 2014. White paper, Oklahoma State University, July 2014.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  August 2014. White paper, Oklahoma State University, August 2014.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lusk, J.L. and S. Murray. Food Demand Survey  September 2014. White paper, Oklahoma State University, September 2014.


Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Agricultural economists Agricultural producers Agribusinesses Policy makers Food consumers Media Changes/Problems: There is significant evidence of the research producing a change in knowledge. Lusk’s work is frequently used and cited by other academics, agricultural organizations, and by food activist groups. His research has appeared in numerous popular online blogs, press releases, newspapers, and magazines. His academic work has been cited 1750 times in peer-reviewed scientific journals according to ISI Web of Knowledge. There are no problems to report. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? To address these issues, the Food Demand Survey (FooDS) has been developed. FooDS tracks consumer preferences and sentiments on the safety, quality, and price of food at home and away from home with particular focus on meat demand. FooDS is a monthly survey with a sample size of at least 1,000 individuals, weighted to match the US population in terms of age, gender, education and region of residence. Monthly releases report: Indices of consumer sentiments on (or beliefs about) the safety, quality, and price of food consumed at home and away from home. Indices of consumers’ anticipated demand for various meat products consumed at home and away from home. Awareness of food-related issues or events that could affect demand. Results related to emerging policy and marketing issues. The work has helped food companies anticipate and plan for changes in food demand, and has depended understanding of the ongoing food demand challenges. FooDS has been prominently featured in the agricultural media, and journalists have come to anticipate and rely on the data for monthly reporting in outlets such as Drovers, Feedstuffs, Meatingplace, etc. FooDS is also discussed and communicated through blog posts, Twitter, listerves, etc. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Impact Statement Food businesses operate in an environment where every action is scrutinized, and where mistakes or (sometimes even falsehoods) are rapidly disseminated to the consuming public. As such, staying abreast of consumer trends and knowledge is critically important. Unfortunately, there are many disadvantages with the information now available to food companies. First, retail grocery scanner data is inherently backward-looking, and it is difficult to detect causal factors given myriad disturbances in market data. Second, current meat demand indices used by producers and packers are aggregate, quarterly, and make strong assumptions about demand-supply relationships. Third, existing surveys of consumers only focuses on at-home food consumption and ignore food eaten away from home. Finally, although some marketing companies routinely track eating intentions and awareness of food issues, the data is proprietary and is not publically released in any uniform fashion. Moreover, their survey questions are not always designed using state-of-the-art techniques in consumer research. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? To address these issues, the Food Demand Survey (FooDS) has been developed. FooDS tracks consumer preferences and sentiments on the safety, quality, and price of food at home and away from home with particular focus on meat demand. FooDS is a monthly survey with a sample size of at least 1,000 individuals, weighted to match the US population in terms of age, gender, education and region of residence. Monthly releases report: Indices of consumer sentiments on (or beliefs about) the safety, quality, and price of food consumed at home and away from home. Indices of consumers’ anticipated demand for various meat products consumed at home and away from home. Awareness of food-related issues or events that could affect demand. Results related to emerging policy and marketing issues. The work has helped food companies anticipate and plan for changes in food demand, and has depended understanding of the ongoing food demand challenges. FooDS has been prominently featured in the agricultural media, and journalists have come to anticipate and rely on the data for monthly reporting in outlets such as Drovers, Feedstuffs, Meatingplace, etc. FooDS is also discussed and communicated through blog posts, Twitter, listerves, etc.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A number of projects are underway to study the economic consequences of consumers’ food preferences and food policies directed toward modern industrial farming practices. The first is the development and continuation of the monthly Food Demand Survey (FooDS). This is in addition to continual surveys and experiments on other issues. For example, a study was completed on the economic impacts of mandatory calorie labeling on restaurant menus, on the consequences of the equine slaughter ban, and a survey was conducted to help analyze the impacts of Prop 37 in California on mandatory labeling of genetically modified food. In addition, economic experiments were designed and executed to determine consumers’ responses to paternalistic food policies aimed at promoting food health. Lusk has given numerous invited talks on the research at Universities, professional academic conferences, agricultural industry meetings, and to those working in government positions. Many services have been offered from the project. Lusk teaches a graduate level course, where he trains students on them the methods used to study consumer decision making. Lusk has served as an official and unofficial consultant on many projects for agribusinesses and government agencies. Products from the project include numerous journal articles, books, and the creation of decision aids.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2013 Citation: Ellison, B., J.L. Lusk, and D. Davis. "The Impact of Restaurant Calorie Labels on Food Choice: Results from a Field Experiment." Economic Inquiry. forthcoming. Lusk, J.L., J. Roosen, and A. Bieberstein. "Consumer Acceptance of Controversial Technologies." Annual Review of Resource Economics. forthcoming. Klain, T., J.L. Lusk, G. Tonsor, and T.C. Schroeder. "Valuing Information: The Case of Country-of-Origin Labeling." Agricultural Economics. forthcoming. Lusk, J.L., S. Marette, and F.B. Norwood. "The Paternalist Meets His Match." Applied Economics Perspectives and Policy. forthcoming. Lusk, J.L., T.C. Schroeder, and G.T. Tonsor. "Distinguishing Beliefs from Preferences in Food Choice." European Review of Agricultural Economics. forthcoming. Ellison, B., J.L. Lusk, and D. Davis. "The Effect of Calorie Labels on Caloric Intake and Restaurant Revenue: Evidence from Two Full Service Restaurants." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. forthcoming. Lusk, J.L. "Are Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes a Cost-Effective Means of Reducing Weight?" Canadian Journal of Diabetes. forthcoming. Corbin, M., Smithson, K., F.B. Norwood, and J.L. Lusk. "Predicting State?Wide Votes on Ballot Initiatives to Ban Battery Cages and Gestation Crates." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. forthcoming. Grijalva, T.C., J.L. Lusk, and Shaw, W.D. "Discounting the Distant Future: An Experimental Investigation." Environmental and Resource Economics. forthcoming. Ellison, B., J.L. Lusk, and D. Davis. "The Impact of Restaurant Calorie Labels on Food Choice: Results from a Field Experiment." Economic Inquiry. forthcoming. Lusk, J.L., J. Roosen, and A. Bieberstein. "Consumer Acceptance of Controversial Technologies." Annual Review of Resource Economics. forthcoming. Klain, T., J.L. Lusk, G. Tonsor, and T.C. Schroeder. "Valuing Information: The Case of Country-of-Origin Labeling." Agricultural Economics. forthcoming. Lusk, J.L., S. Marette, and F.B. Norwood. "The Paternalist Meets His Match." Applied Economics Perspectives and Policy. forthcoming. Lusk, J.L., T.C. Schroeder, and G.T. Tonsor. "Distinguishing Beliefs from Preferences in Food Choice." European Review of Agricultural Economics. forthcoming. Ellison, B., J.L. Lusk, and D. Davis. "The Effect of Calorie Labels on Caloric Intake and Restaurant Revenue: Evidence from Two Full Service Restaurants." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. forthcoming. Lusk, J.L. "Are Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes a Cost-Effective Means of Reducing Weight?" Canadian Journal of Diabetes. forthcoming. Corbin, M., Smithson, K., F.B. Norwood, and J.L. Lusk. "Predicting State?Wide Votes on Ballot Initiatives to Ban Battery Cages and Gestation Crates." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. forthcoming.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2013 Citation: McFadden, B.R. and J.L. Lusk. "Effects of Cost and Campaign Advertising on Support for California�s Proposition 37." Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 38(2013):174-186. Vestal, M., J.L. Lusk, E.A. Devuyst, and J.R. Kropp. "The Value of Genetic Information to Bull Buyers: A Combined Revealed, Stated Preference Approach." Agricultural Economics. 44(2013):337-347. Lusk, J.L. and B. Ellison. "Who is to Blame for the Rise in Obesity?" Appetite. 68(2013):14-20. Kovalsky, K. and J.L. Lusk. "Do Consumers Really Know How Much They are Willing to Pay?" Journal of Consumer Affairs. 47(2013):98�127. Ellison, B., J.L. Lusk, and D. Davis. "Looking at the Label and Beyond: The Effects of Calorie Labels, Health Consciousness, and Demographics on Caloric Intake in Restaurants." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 10(2013), Article 21. Lusk, J.L. and C. Schroeter. "When Do Fat Taxes Increase Consumer Welfare? Reply to Neill." Health Economics. 22(2013):1284-1286.


Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A number of projects are underway to study the economic consequences of consumers' food preferences and food policies directed toward modern industrial farming practices. A study was completed on the economic impacts of mandatory calorie labeling on restaurant menus, on the consequences of the equine slaughter ban, and a survey was conducted to help analyze the impacts of Prop 37 in California on mandatory labeling of genetically modified food. In addition, economic experiments were designed and executed to determine consumers' responses to paternalistic food policies aimed at promoting food health. Finally, a book aimed for a non-academic audience was completed, whose purpose is to highlight the unintended consequences of policies aimed at promoting local, organic, and sustainable food. In May 2013, Lusk organized a conference titled "Food Environment: The Effects of Context on Food Choice" held in Boston, MA in May 2013. The conference was jointly sponsored be the AAEA-EAAE, was funded by the USDA-ERS, USDA-NIFA, Farm Foundation, AAEA, and Consumer Demand Network. The conference brought in over 150 scholars from all over the world and included invites speakers from Harvard, John's Hopkins, INSEAD, and the USDA. Lusk has given numerous invited talks on the research at Universities, professional academic conferences, agricultural industry meetings, and to those working in government positions. Many services have been offered from the project. Lusk teaches a graduate level course, where he trains students on them the methods used to study consumer decision making. Lusk has served as an official and unofficial consultant on many projects for agribusinesses and government agencies. Products from the project include numerous journal articles, books, and the creation of decision aids. PARTICIPANTS: No changes TARGET AUDIENCES: No changes PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No changes

Impacts
There is significant evidence of the research producing a change in knowledge. Lusk's work is frequently used and cited by other academics, agricultural organizations, and by food activist groups. His research has appeared in numerous popular online blogs, press releases, newspapers, and magazines. His academic work has been cited close to 1250 times in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The new project is only two years underway and thus is too early to document changes in actions or behaviors.

Publications

  • Lusk, J.L. "Consumer Preferences for Genetically Modified Food." in GM Food and Global Welfare. C. Carter, G. Moschini, and I. Sheldon (eds). Frontiers of Economics and Globalization. Volume 10, Bingley, UK: Emerald, 2011.
  • Lusk, J.L. and C. Schroeter. "When do Fat Taxes Increase Consumer Welfare" Health Economics. 21(2012):1367-1374.
  • Hilmer, C.E., M.J. Hilmer, and J.L. Lusk. "A Comparison of Salary Structures Between Economics and Agricultural Economics Departments." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. 34(2012):489-514.
  • Lusk, J.L. and F.B. Norwood. "Speciesism, Altruism, and the Economics of Farm Animal Welfare." European Review of Agricultural Economics. 39(2012):189-212.
  • Drichoutis, A., R.M. Nayga, J.L. Lusk, and P. Lazaridis. "When a Risky Prospect is Valued More than its Best Possible Outcome." Judgment and Decision Making. 7(2012):1-18.
  • Corrigan, J.R., A.C. Drichoutis, J.L. Lusk, R.M. Nayga, M.C. Rousu. "Homegrown Value Auctions with Repeated Rounds and Price Feedback: An Adversarial Collaboration." American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 94(2012):97-115.
  • Lusk, J.L. and F.B. Norwood. "Animal Welfare Economics." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. 33(2011):463-483. [invited feature article] Lusk, J.L. "The Market for Animal Welfare." Agricultural and Human Values. 28(2011):561-575.
  • Norwood, F.B. and J.L. Lusk. "Social Desirability Bias in Real, Hypothetical, and Inferred Valuation Experiments." American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 93(2011):528-534.


Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A number of projects are underway to study the economic consequences of consumers' food preferences and food policies directed toward modern industrial farming practices. A nationwide survey was administered in the spring 2011 to determine consumers' political ideologies as they relate to food and to study preferences for different food policies. In the fall of 2011, economic experiments were designed and executed to determine consumers' responses to paternalistic food policies aimed at promoting food health. Also underway is the construction of an economic model to determine the effects of local food policies. Several empirical and conceptual papers were also begun to determine optimal food regulation, especially as it relates to estimates of the value of information. Finally, a book aimed for a non-academic audience was started, whose purpose is to highlight the unintended consequences of policies aimed at promoting local, organic, and sustainable food. Lusk is in the process of co-chairing a conference titled "Food Environment: The Effects of Context on Food Choice" that will be held in Boston, MA in May 2013. Efforts are underway to raise funding for the jointly sponsored AAEA-EAAE conference and to recruit invited speakers and submitted papers. Lusk has given numerous invited talks on the research at Universities, professional academic conferences, agricultural industry meetings, and to those working in government positions. Many services have been offered from the project. Lusk teaches a graduate level course, where he trains students on them the methods used to study consumer decision making. Lusk has served as an official and unofficial consultant on many projects for agribusinesses and government agencies. Products from the project include numerous journal articles, books, and the creation of decision aids. PARTICIPANTS: No Changes TARGET AUDIENCES: No Changes PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No Changes

Impacts
There is significant evidence of the research producing a change in knowledge. Lusk's work is frequently used and cited by other academics, agricultural organizations, and by food activist groups. His research has appeared in numerous popular online blogs, press releases, newspapers, and magazines. His academic work has been cited close to 800 times in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The new project is only one year underway and thus is too early to document changes in actions or behaviors.

Publications

  • Lusk, J.L., J. Roosen, and J. Shogren. (editors) Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Food Consumption and Policy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Norwood, F.B. and J.L. Lusk. Compassion by the Pound: The Economics of Farm Animal Welfare. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Lusk, J.L. "Experimental Auction Markets for Studying Consumer Preferences." in Consumer Driven Innovation in Food and Personal Products. H. MacFie and S. Jaeger (eds). Cambridge, UK: Woodhead, 2010.
  • Brooks, K. and J.L. Lusk. "Consumers Attitudes towards Farm Animal Cloning." Appetite.57(2011):483-492.
  • DeVuyst, E.A., J.T. Biermacher, J.L. Lusk, R. Mateescu, J.B. Blanton, Jr., J.S. Swigert, J.D. Springer, J.D. Donnell, B.J. Cook, and R.R. Reuter. "Relationships between Fed Cattle Traits and Igenity Panel Scores." Journal of Animal Science. 89(2011):1260-1269.
  • Lusk, J.L. and F.B. Norwood. "Non-Market Valuation by Prediction Markets." Applied Economics Letters. 18(2011):715-718.
  • Norwood, F.B., and J.L. Lusk. "A Calibrated Auction-Conjoint Valuation Method: Valuing Pork and Eggs Produced under Differing Animal Welfare Conditions." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 62(2011):80-94.
  • Lusk, J.L. and K. Brooks. "Who Participates in Home Scan Panels" American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 93(2011):226-240.
  • Lusk, J.L. "External Validity of the Food Values Scale." Food Quality and Preference. 22(2011):452-462.
  • Lusk, J.L. and B.C. Briggeman. "Selfishness, Altruism, and Inequality Aversion towards Consumers and Farmers." Agricultural Economics. 42(2011):121-139.
  • Ubilava, D., K.A. Foster, J.L. Lusk, and T. Nilsson. "Differences in Consumer Preferences when Facing Branded vs. Non-Branded Choices." Journal of Consumer Behavior. 10(2011):61-70.
  • Briggeman, B.C. and J.L. Lusk. "Playing Fair in the Organic Food Supply Chain." European Review of Agricultural Economics. 38(2011):1-29.
  • Chang, J.B. and J.L. Lusk. "Mixed Logit Models: Accuracy and Software Choice." Journal of Applied Econometrics. 26(2011):167-172.
  • Weaber, R.L. and J.L. Lusk. "The Economic Value of Improvements in Meat Tenderness by Genetic Marker Selection." American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 92(2010):1456-1471.
  • Chang, J.B., J.L. Lusk, and F.B. Norwood. "The Price of Happy Hens: A Hedonic Analysis of Retail Egg Prices." Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 35(2010):406-423.
  • Brooks, K. and J.L. Lusk. "Stated and Revealed Preferences for Organic and Cloned Milk: Combining Choice Experiment and Scanner Data." American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 92(2010):1229-1241.
  • Gallardo, R.C., W.B. Brorsen, and J.L. Lusk. "Prediction Markets: A Case Study onForecasting Cattle on Feed." Agricultural Finance Review. 7(2010):414-426.
  • Naico, A.T.A. and J.L. Lusk. "The Value of a Nutritionally Enhanced Staple Crop: Results from a Choice" Journal of African Economies. 19(2010):536-558.
  • Ellison, B., J.L. Lusk, and B.C. Briggeman. "Other-Regarding Behavior and Taxpayer Preferences for Farm Policy." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy. 10(2010), Article 96.
  • Lusk, J.L. and D. Hudson. "Bargaining over Losses." International Game Theory Review. 12(2010):83-91.
  • Prickett, R.W., F.B. Norwood, and J.L. Lusk. "Consumer Preferences for Farm Animal Welfare: Results from a Telephone Survey of U.S. Households." Animal Welfare. 19(2010):335-347.
  • Coble, K.H. and J.L. Lusk. "At the Nexus of Risk and Time Preferences: An Experimental Investigation." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. (2010):67-79.
  • Lusk, J.L. and S. Marette. "Welfare Effects of Food Labels and Bans with Alternative Willingness to Pay Measures." Applied Economic Perspectives & Policy. 32(2010):319-337.
  • Ellison, B.D, J.L. Lusk, and B.C. Briggeman. "Taxpayer Beliefs about Farm Income and Preferences for Farm Policy." Applied Economic Perspectives & Policy. 32(2010):338-354.
  • Marette, S., J.L. Lusk, and J. Roosen. "Welfare Impact of Information with Experiments: The Crucial Role of the Price Elasticity of Demand." Economics Bulletin. 30(2010): 1585-1593.
  • Lusk, J.L. "The Effect of Proposition 2 on the Demand for Eggs in California." Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization. 8(2010), Iss. 1, Article 3.
  • Ubilava, D., K.A. Foster, J.L. Lusk, T. Nilsson. "Effects of Income and Social Awareness on Consumer WTP for Social Product Attributes." Technological Forecasting & Social Change. 77(2010):587-593.
  • Lusk, J.L. and F.B. Norwood. "Direct vs. Indirect Questioning: An Application to the Well-Being of Farm Animals." Social Indicators Research. 96(2010):551-565.
  • Unnevehr, L., J. Eales, H. Jensen, J.L. Lusk, J. McCluskey, and J. Kinsey. "Food and Consumer Economics." American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 92(2010):506-521.
  • Ehmke, M., J.L. Lusk, and W. Tyner. "Multidimensional Tests for Differences in Economic Behavior across Cultures." Journal of Socio-Economics. 39(2010):37-45.