Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences for this project are primarily agriculturalists, including crop and livestock producers across North Dakota, crop commodity groups, crop consultants, NDSU Extension Service staff, agri-businesses, and policy makers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Team members of this project are encouraged to attend the annual NDSU Research and Extension Conferences which provides professional development and networking opportunities. Members are also encouraged to attend professional society meetings at the regional or national level as well. Private training was conducted with new staff and seasonal employees to orientate them on policies and general operating procedures at the CREC. Another means of training includes providing employees the opportunity to get their commercial pesticide applicators license. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The CREC hosted several field demonstration events this past summer, which were all attended very well (at record levels), as well as workshops and seminars focused CREC research, including the Central Dakota Ag Day which is in its second year and hosted at the CREC. These events alone reach thousands of local, regional, and state-wide producers, crop consultants, industry representatives, and collegues. Our online presence continues to expand as well as we have added to our video library on the CREC website. We also continually add content to our Facebook page and weekly blog (Center Points). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. The long-term cropping systems trial at the CREC continues and is providing valuable data to North Dakota producers with a large-scale plot approach and continuous treatment imposition for nearly 30 years. Several other multi-year crop rotation studies have been established to evaluate how the previous crop will influence current crop yield and quality. One study in particular is evaluating ground water differences due to current crop and crop history. Tillage systems and also evaluated on a yearly basis, within rotational studies and as a stand-alone experiment. Other cropping system research components include investigation into double and intercropping. 2. Numerous research projects were conducted to compare cultural practices with many crops in 2015. Some trials of note are soybean planting date x planting rate; soybean maturity class x planting date; barley, winter wheat, corn, and dry bean planting rate; winter rye, winter wheat, oat, and dry bean planting date; dry bean and soybean row spacing. Studies were also conducted to address the problem of glyphosate-resistant kochia. This research was focussed on soybean production and included both chemical and non-chemical evaluations of control. Numerous cereal fungicide trials were conducted with a focus on leaf and head diseases. Biological seed treatments and in-furrow treatments continued to get some attention as well. 3. Cover crop research has been expanding at the CREC. As typical, various trials have been investigating cover crop mixes, forage performance, for both warm and cool season species for both annual and perennial crops. Areas of expansion are the use of cover crops for weed suppression, interseeding and double seeding research, salinity management, and general soil health. 4. Several annual and perennial forage crops were evaluated for performance in Carrington again. Energy beet research has also continued at the CREC. The energy beet growth and development is being modeled, as well as quality characters including sugar and nutrient content in the roots. Part of this research is used for a larger modeling experiment to predict water use and availability after introducing energy beets into a rotation. Another aspect that continues is research into alternative markets for energy beets (which are sometimes called feed beets now). In this scenario we have been evaluating energy beets in saline soils as they are a salt-tolerant crop species. This has shown to be a promising practice, in which producers could plant late into salty soils, and still produce a high tonnage crop that coudl be used for ethanol or livestock feed. 5. A large number of crops and varieties were once again screened in 2015. The crops species included spring and winter wheat, winter rye, barley, durum, oats, spelt, emmer, einkorn, field peas, lentils, chickpeas, cowpeas, soybeans, dry beans, faba beans, flax, buckwheat, sunflower (oil and non-oil), safflower, corn, potatoes, energy beets, onions, quinoa, lupine, camelina, crambe, alfalfa, canola, sorghum, and hairy vetch. These crops were often tested in different environments including irrigated, dryland, direct-seeded/no-till, and organic. Variety trial size ranged from 4 entries to 80.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Ostlie, M., and S. Zwinger 2015. Utilizing winter rye for weed suppression in soybeans. Western Society of Weed Science Annual Meeting.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Ostlie, M., and J.P. Flores. 2015. Early observations from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) operations in cropland. Western Society of Weed Science Annual Meeting.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Endres, G.J. 2015. Postemergence herbicide control of Canada thistle. Western Society of Weed Science Annual Meeting.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Ostlie, M., S.D. Haley, V. Anderson, D. Shaner, H. Manmathan, C. Beil, and P. Westra. 2015. Development and characterization of mutant winter wheat accessions resistant to the herbicide quizalofop. Theor. Appl. Genet. 128:343-351.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Ostlie, M., J.P. Flores, B. Schatz, and S. Zilahi-Sebess. 2015. Novel applications for unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in cropland. American Society of Agronomy annual meeting.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Ostlie, M., J. Teboh, E. Aberle, and B. Schatz. 2015. Energy Beet utilization for saline soil bioremediation in non-traditional sugar beet growing regions. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Aberle, E., and J.P. Flores. 2015. Soil fertility dynamic in a long-term cropping system in the northern Great Plains. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Zollinger, R., M. Christoffers, C. Dalley, G. Endres, G. Gramig, K. Howatt, B. Jenks, R. Lym, M. Ostlie, T. Peters, A. Robinson, A. Thostenson, H.H. Valenti. 2015. 2015 North Dakota Weed Control Guide. NDSU Extension Service circular W-253.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
2015. Carrington Research Extension Center. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota. Vol 56.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
2015 North Dakota Alternative Crop Variety Performance. G. Endres et al. A1105.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
North Dakota Barley, Oat, and Rye Variety Trial Results for 2015 and Selection Guide. 2015. J. Ransom et al. A1049-15
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
ND Canola Variety Trial Results for 2015 and Selection Guide. 2015. H. Kandel et al. A1124-15.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
North Dakota Corn Hybrid Trial Results for 2015. 2015. J. Ransom et al. A793-15.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
North Dakota Dry Pea Variety Trial Results for 2015 and Selection Guide. 2015. H. Kandel et al. A1469-15.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
North Dakota Durum Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2015 and Selection Guide. 2015. J. Ransom et al. A1067-15
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trial for 2015 and Selection Guide. 2015. J. Ransom et al. A574-2015.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
North Dakota Hard Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2015 and Selection Guide. 2015. J. Ransom et al. A1196.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
North Dakota Soybean Variety Trial Results for 2015 and Selection Guide. 2015. H. Kandel et al. A843.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
North Dakota and South Dakota Sunflower Hybrid Trial Results for 2015 and Selection Guide. 2015. H. Kandel et al. A652-14
|
Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience for this reporting period is primarily the local and regional agricultural producers and the consultants that work with the producers. Our target audience expanded this last year with more research focus on state and national issues such as unmanned aerial vehicles and utilizing energy beets for bioremediation and livestock feed. The target audience also includes industry, university, and other state and federal staff involved with agriculture in North Dakota, also including members of crop commodity groups, policy makers, and students of all ages. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Members within the CREC agronomy program are encouraged to attend NDSU extension events, such as the NDSU extension conferences and other educational sessions appropriate for their field. Members are also encouraged to attend and present at professional society meetings at both the regional and national levels. Training and orientation was provide to new seasonal and full-time staff working on agronomy projects regarding policies, safety, and general workmanship at the CREC. Opportunities for professional certifications, such as the commercial pesticide applicators licenses are also available. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? In 2014 we had a record turnout for our annual field day tour event. Numerous other field tours and workshops have been conducted at the CREC using locally generated data and locations. We also continue to report in traditional out-reach outlets such as our annual report, variety selection guides, and topic specific research reports. Our team members are also frequently asked to present data and knowledge at local and regional educational events. Our online presence continues to grow as well with more videos and more accessibility to online reports, as we have become an example for our peers to follow in this regard. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The program is on track to continue to meet expectations and maintain its presence as a leader in public research. As we move forward, the short term goals include improved organization during the field season and filling vacant positions with the best possible candidates.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1). A new large-scale trial was launched to evaluate the effects of various crop rotations on the water table in an effert to quantify how the introduction of energy beets would affect water use and transport throughout central North Dakota. Organic production research continued to grow and draw interest throughout the state and region as the CREC has become a leader in organic practices. A three year nitrogen mineralization study ended this year providing valuable insight into the behavior and pace of mineralization in this region. More data has been collected in the long term cropping systems experiment to quantify the microbial activity differences that exist as a result of different tillage practices. The CREC has compiled a database on soybean planting date and rate research that provided new insight into current recommendations on those topics. The CREC was also the first site in the nation to get approval for testing unmanned aerial vehicles for future commercial utilization. A large collaboration existed between multiple departments, universities and public and private entities to determine the impact UAVs will have on the agricultural industry and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the system. 2). Soil fertility research took a big step forward in 2014 with a large emphasis on corn, soybean, and wheat nutrition. Studies were designed to re-evaluate the effects of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and sulfur on these crops, as well as evaluating a number of micronutrient products and biologicals. Fertilizer placement, timing, and rates are also a focus of this research as an aid for presicion ag producers. A number of trials were established to evaluate products used for combatting herbicide resistant weeds, with an emphasis on methods and products for controlling glyphosate-resistant kochia. Once again there was a strong interest in fungicide application for plant health benefits, resulting in several trials at the CREC. Small grain leaf and head disease research also maintained a strong presence in 2014. 3). Cowpeas continue to have a growing interest as a cover crop, and the third season of cowpea research at the CREC prodided the first opportunity for statistical comparisons between varieties. There was continued research into both warm and cool season cover crop species and mixes for forage production, soil health, and soil bioremediation. Work was also started on evaluating how winter rye can be incorporated into various cropping systems as a companion crop or grown before or after crops to protect the soil from erosion, use excess moisture, provide additional grazing opportunities and provide some weed control. Winter rye and soybeans were grown within the same year and a good dataset was generated providing useful information to producers. 4). Several energy beet studies were conducted in 2014. These studies are the latest in a series of studies aimed at optimizing the establishment of seedlings. These studies included date of planting, seeding rates, and salt tolerance studies. Energy beets were also the focal point of a crop rotation study established this year to determine the impact of energy beets as they enter a crop rotation in central North Dakota. A large-scale planting and demonstration plot was once again established in 2014 to showcase the production potential and methods used in the commercial sugar beet industry, in hopes of getting local and regional producers more comfortable with the idea of energy beets being produced on a large scale. 5). The CREC continued to be a regional source for variety information provided in a timely manner. The trials conducted at the CREC experienced exceptional yields in many cases and provided great insight into the yield potential differences inherent to variety selection alone. The CREC continued to evaluate small-acreage crops that have potential in this region, such as millet, winter rye, and safflower, as well as experimenting with new crops such as rice and fodder beets. The CREC also continues to house large crop nurseries for public and private breeding groups interested in developing regionally adapted germplasm.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Ostlie, M., S.D. Haley, V. Anderson, D. Shaner, H. Manmathan, C. Beil, and P. Westra. 2014. Development and characterization of mutant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions resistant to the herbicide quizalofop. Theor. Appl. Genet. DOI 10.1007/s00122-014-2434-4
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Ostlie, M., G.E. Endres. 2014. How Soil Salinity Affects Herbicide Resistant Kochia Managment in the Upper Great Plains. Proceedings of the Western Society of Weed Science. Vol. 67.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Zollinger, R., M. Christoffers, G. Endres, G. Gramig, K. Howatt, B. Jenks, R. Lym, M. Ostlie, A. Robinson, A. Thostenson, H.H. Valenti. 2014 North Dakota Weed Control Guide. NDSU Extension Service circular W-253
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
2014. Carrington Research Extension Center. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota. Vol. 55.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
2014 North Dakota Alternative Crop Variety Performance. G. Endres, H. Kandel, and S. Pederson. A1105
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
North Dakota Barley, Oat, and Rye Variety Trial Results for 2014 and Selection Guide. J. Ransom, T. Friesen, R. Horsley, M. McMullen, P. Schwarz, B. Schatz, S. Zwinger, M. Ostlie, G. Martin, J. Rickertson, E. Eriksmoen, B. Hanson, and G. Pradhan. A1049-14.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
ND Canola Variety Trial Results for 2014 and Selection Guide. H. Kandel, M. Rahman, M. Ostlie, B. Schatz, L. Berg, J. Rickertsen, R. Olson, E. Eriksmoen, J. Tarasenko, J. Effertz, B. Hanson, T. Hakanson, L. Henry, J. Bergman, G. Pradhan, D. Amiot. A1124-14
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
North Dakota Corn Hybrid Trial Results for 2014. J. Ransom, G. Mehring, B. Schatz, M. Ostlie, T. Indergaard, B. Hanson, T. Hakanson, L. Henry, J. Bergman, G. Pradhan, D. Amiot, E. Eriksmoen, J. Tarasenko, J. Effertz, L. Besemann, B. Lamolinare, T. Tjelde, J. Rickertson, and R. Olson. A793-14
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
North Dakota Durum Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2014 and Selection Guide. J. Ransom, E. Elias, M. Acevedo, T. Friesen, Z. Liu, F. Manthey, J. Rickertson, E. Eriksmoen, B. Hanson, G. Pradhan, B. Schatz, and M. Ostlie. A1067-14.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trial for 2014 and Selection Guide. J. Ransom, M. Mergoum, S. Simsek, M. Acevedo, T. Friesen. Z. Liu, S. Zhong, J. Rickertsen, E. Eriksmoen, B. Hanson, G. Martin, G. Pradhan, B. Schatz, and M. Ostlie. A574-2014.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
North Dakota Hard Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2014 and Selection Guide. J. Ransom, F. Marais, S. Simsek, E. Eriksmoen, J. Rickertsen, J. Lukach, G. Martin, and M. Ostlie. A1196.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
North Dakota Soybean Variety Trial Results for 2014 and Selection Guide. H. Kandel, T. Helms, S. Markell, B. Nelson, S. Jain, C. Deplazes, G. Mehring, M. Ostlie, B. Schatz, L. Besemann, J. Rickertsen, R. Olson, E. Eriksmoen, J. Tarasenko, J. Effertz, B. Hanson, T. Hakanson, L. Henry, J. Bergman, G. Pradhan, D. Amiot, B. Lamolinare, T. Tjelde, B. Zimprich, and A. Harstad. A843
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
North Dakota and South Dakota Sunflower Hybrid Trial Results for 2014 and Selection Guide. H. Kandel, K. Grady, B. Hulke, M. Ostlie, B. Schatz, J. Berg, and T. Ingebretson, E. Eriksmoen, J. Tarasenko, J. Effertz, B. Hanson, T. Hakanson, L. Henry, J. Bergman, G. Pradhan, D. Amiot, J. Rickertson, R. Olsen, L. Gilbertson, B. Swan, and A. Akyuz. A652-14
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Teboh, J.M., S. Zilahi-Sebess, and J. Johson. 2014. Canola (Brassic napus L.) grain yield and quality response to split N. Abstracts ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
North Dakota Dry Pea Variety Trial Results for 2014 and Selection Guide. H. Kandel, K. McPhee, M. Ostlie, B. Schatz, K. Bjerke, L. Berg, S. Zwinger, S. Schaubert, J. Rickertson, R. Olson, B. Hanson, T. Hakanson, L. Henry, J. Bergman, G. Pradhan, D. Amiot, C. Wahlstrom, C. Hill, E. Eriksmoen, T. Stefaniak, and G. Martin. A1469-14
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Dose, H., A-M. Fortuna. E. Aberle, R.J. Goos, J. Teboh, B. Schatz. 2014. Impact of crop rotation, tillage system and nitrogen availability on biological nitrogen fixation in soybeans. Abstract. American Society of Microbiology.
|
Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: The audience reached during this reporting period primarily includes local and regional agricultural producers and the consultants that work with the producers; industry, university and federal staff involved with agricultural research or with agricultural interestes; crop commodity groups; policy makers; and primary and post-secondary students. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Team members of this project are encouraged to attend the annual NDSU Research Extension Conference which provides professional development and networking opportunities. Members are also encouraged to attend professional society meetings at the regional or national level as well. Private training was conducted with new staff and seasonal employees to orientate them on policies and general operating procedures at the Carrington Research Extension Center. Another means of training includes providing employees the opportunity to get their commercial pesticide applicators license. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The Carrington Research Extension Center (CREC) hosted several field demonstration events during the summer as well as workshops and seminars focused on CREC research, influencing thousands of local and regional producers, crop consultants, industry representatives, and collegues. This year our online presence was greatly increased as we produced quite a number of videos highlighting our research results, as well as videos on more general agriculture topics. Along with the videos, our website under-went search engine optimization, mobile device optimization, and general restructuring to make our data more accessible. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Largely, the program is on track to continue to meet and exceed the goals set out with this project. Next year, more effort will be put forth on the dissemination of the research generated, and improved organization will aid in the efficient completion of the aforementioned goals.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1). The 2013 growing season marked the 26th year of the cropping systems experiment at the Carrington Research Extension Center (CREC). This project continues to generate useful data relating to how fertility and tillage operations affect the production of corn,soybean, spring wheat, barley, winter wheat, field pea, canola, and sunflower across years (environments) while looking for synergistic relationships when used in various combinations with one another within a crop rotation. Research also continued on the effects of no-till vs strip tillage in dry bean, corn, and soybeans. Entries into the corn and soybean performance tests reached thier highest level to-date for the six soybean and five corn environments tested by the CREC. 2). A concerted effort was made in 2013 to evaluate fungicide products for plant health benefits besides disease prevention. Corn was the focus of this research and included nearly all products and application times available in the state for corn production. The culmination of this research provided some evidence as to when fungicides may be effective in plant health promotion as there was little to no disease present during the growing season. Numerous fertility and innoculations studies were established in wheat, corn, soybean, dry bean, and field pea with mixed results, largely due to the poor growing conditions experienced at the CREC in 2013. Weed science and pathology research continued at the CREC with experimental and registered products in numerous crops. These experiments have been instrumental in identifying effective new products while being able to evaluate current industry standards, which provides us with the information needed to make effective recommendations to producers and present feedback to industry regarding the potential for their products. 3). The second year of a cowpea adaptibility study was completed in 2013. The reason for studying cowpeas is due to being a warm season legume that is suitable as a cover crop. Most legume cover crops in our region are currently cool season. A large legume relay trial completed its second year of study. This trial's goal was to identify if there were any advantages to growing two legume crops in a single season; the first crop being a cash crop, and the second as a cover crop. The study found very few differences in wheat yield the year following this practice. Poor growing conditions in 2013 could have played a role in this lack of response. 4). A large-scale industrial beet planting occured on 16 acres near Carrington. These beets are slated for commercial production in the next couple years. This was a demonstration that showcased the ability of the crop to over-come a late planting in marginal, saline, and rocky soil. By utilizing the large-scale approach, we were able to answer many questions that have come up over the last several years regarding both the growth and production of beets outside the Red River Valley, and also the utilization of the beets as a salt tolerant species in a crop rotation. Along with this, industrial beets were also grown in a date of planting study and along a saline gradient to identfy thresholds for production that will aid us in making recommendations when energy beets are produced commercially. Studies were also conducted evaluating various grass and broadleaf species for the potential growth and production in this region, with the goal of using them in energy production. 5). Due to the extremely dry conditions experienced in 2013, great information was generated regarding the benefits of irrigation to specific varieties and crops, with some crops nearly doubling in yield due to the added water. Further examination also revealed particular varieties that performed better than others in irrigated environments. Research continued in 2013 on specialty/small acreage crops to provide alternatives in crop rotations for producers. With major commodity prices in a correction, there should be more interest in historically significant crops in our region; crops which had lost ground in recent years due to the high prices of corn and soybean. A few of the interesting alternatives for 2014 that were researched at the CREC include flax, buckwheat, and winter rye. Other crops studied at the CREC that are gaining in popularity include ancient cereal grains, quinoa, and haskaps.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Ostlie, M.H., K.A. Howatt. 2013. Downy Brome Competition and Control in No-Till Spring Wheat. Weed Technol. 27:502-508
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
2013. Carrington Research Extension Center A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota. Vol. 53.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Zollinger, R., M. Christoffers, G. Endres, G. Gramig, K. Howatt, B. Jenks, R. Lym, M. Ostlie, J. Stachler, A. Thostenson, and H. Valenti. January 2013. 2013 North Dakota Weed Control Guide. NDSU Extension Service circular W-253.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Endres, Gregory, and Hans Kandel. January 2013. North Dakota Alternative Crop Variety Trial Results for 2012 and Selection Guide. NDSU Extension Service circular A-1105-12.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Endres, Gregory J., Blaine G. Schatz, Michael Ostlie. 2013. Corn response to nitrogen rates and timing of weed control. Proceedings of Western Society of Weed Science. Volume 66.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Aakre, Dean, and Greg Endres. May 2013. Preparing crop sheaves and threshed grain for exhibit. NDSU Extension Service circular GCA091.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Endres, Greg, and Blaine Schatz. May 2013. Crambe production. NDSU Extension Service circular A1010 (revised).
|
Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The growing season of 2012 included the largest set of field experiments conducted at the Carrington Research Extension Center to date. Spring planting occurred earlier than average and generated good yield and quality from the cool season crops. Warm season crops also performed well above average due to the timely mid-summer rain and carry-over moisture from 2011. 31 crops species were evaluated in 2012 for agronomic performance and pest resistance while monitoring crop response to the broad range of production inputs, both experimental and those commercially available to our growers. Germplasm evaluation was a major research focus in 2012. A number of crops saw large increases in the size of the germplasm trials, a testament to the increasing options for locally adapted cultivars. This plant material included those commercially available, advanced experimental lines, and early generation selections. Fertilizer inputs and plant nutrition research continued to be an area of growth in 2012. A number of trials investigated nitrogen fertility management, both with rates and application timing, in corn and wheat. Micronutrients, such as sulfur and zinc, and special inputs, such as plant growth regulators, had increased presence among our research trials. Salinity research expanded in 2012 to meet the increased challenge of losing more acres to salt contamination in the state. The focus differed from previous years to include decision making tools in various cropping systems. Carrington had 11 different research locations in 2012 focusing on research to foster development of the bioenergy industry in the state largely emphasizing the feasibility of energy beet production. Pest management research saw an increase as well. Plant pathology studies were once again a large focus of agricultural research; focusing largely on legumes and cereal crops as well as sunflowers. These studies ranged from foliar, in-furrow, and seed treatment fungicide evaluations to plant variety response to pathogens. Weed science research increased in 2012. Weed science objectives included methods for combating glyphosate resistant kochia populations, evaluation of crop dessicants, screening of experimental products both early and late in development, and research into avoiding herbicide antagonism. Cover crops were also investigated, particularly their use in increasing soil nitrogen and organic matter, and as a way to combat soil salinity. Irrigation research continues at Carrington and the irrigation capacity provides great environments for pathology research and has demonstrated the potential of local germplasm with adequate moisture. DISSEMINATION: Roughly 340 people attended our 2 main field tours this season to get a first hand look at our ongoing research. Several hundred more attended our various workshops throughout the year. The research reports and publications generated from Carrington continue to be received by the public with enthusiasm. We are beginning to explore additional technology-based avenues to increase the efficiency and speed in which growers and consultants can access our research. PARTICIPANTS: This project integrates an extensive list of individuals within the department that contribute toward the success of this agronomy project. The primary participants are Mike Ostlie, Blaine Schatz, Michael Wunsch, Greg Endres, Jasper Teboh, Ron Wiederholt, Ezra Aberle, Paul Hendrickson, Ezra Aberle, Steve Zwinger, Kathy, Wiederholt, Tim Indergaard, Kelly Bjerke, Michael Schaefer, Steve Schaubert, Todd Ingebretson, Bob Smith, Billy Kraft, and Myrna Friedt. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences for this project are primarily agriculturalists, including crop and livestock producers across North Dakota, crop commodity groups, NDSU Extension Service staff, agri-businesses, and policy makers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Even though it was a dry summer, plot research in 2012 was very successful with favorable conditions during planting, the early growing season, and at harvest. One of the few downsides to the growing season was difficulty in generating enough disease pressure for some pathology trials. In germplasm evaluations, average corn yields were at a record high and soybean yields were among the top as well. With corn and soybean acres spreading north and west, locally adapted varieties are being released at a rapid pace. The Carrington Research Extension Center germplasm data provides a wealth of information to aid growers in new hybrid and variety selection. A number of new herbicide products were tested in wheat, corn, soybean, sunflower, and flax. The target crops generally had a very high tolerance to the herbicides while providing effective weed control. Timing of weed removal was evaluated in corn and soybean. Preliminary information shows that early removal will enhance yield, even if the weeds are small. Based on area surveys, glyphosate resistant kochia is increasing in presence and severity in central North Dakota, while waterhemp and its glyphosate resistant biotype are creeping toward the west as well. Corn fungicides were used as plant health promoters in numerous trials. Even though disease pressure was very low, some hybrids still responded positively to some fungicide applications, although not consistently. A biological control agent was evaluated for reducing the viability of sclerotinia in the soil. Success varied based on application timing but sclerotinia populations were reduced with some treatments. Plant growth regulators were used in wheat, barley, and corn, but again with mixed results. Micronutrient application to corn and wheat showed some promise. Preliminary data indicate that some slow-release micronutrient formulations may provide a benefit in yield and quality although adequate macrofertility practices marginalized some responses. Soil salinity is becoming a larger issue in North Dakota. Energy beet trials conducted along a saline gradient indicates promise as a cropping system option for many nonproductive acres. When compared to wheat, barley, and soybeans grown side-by-side with energy beets, the beets were 2-3x more resilient to high salt concentrations in both stand and yield measurements. Interestingly, energy beet yields actually increased as the soil became more saline, suggesting that energy beets were accessing greater soil moisture and nutrients left behind in the saline areas and that they may be highly resistant to soil salt once they are established.
Publications
- Marcia McMullen, Jan Knodel, Sam Markell, Roger Ashley, Greg Endres, Jeremy Pederson, Dan Waldstein, Lionel Olson, Mike Liane, Carrie Larson, Dave Nelson, Phil Glogoza, Terry Gregoire, and Denise Markel. 2011. Fluctuations in wheat diseases in North Dakota, 2004-2010. North Central Division of American Phytopathological Society.
- Franzen, David, Goos, R. Jay, Norman, Richard J., Walker, Timothy W., Roberts, Trenton L., Slaton, Nathan A., Endres, Gregory, Ashley, Roger, Staricka, James and Lukach, John. 2011. Field and laboratory studies comparing nutrisphere-nitrogen urea with urea in North Dakota, Arkansas, and Mississippi. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 34:8, 1198-1222.
- Franzen, D.W., G. Endres, R. Ashley, J. Staricka, J. Lukach and K. McKay. 2011. Revising nitrogen recommendations for wheat in response to the need for support of variable-rate nitrogen application. Journal of agricultural science and technology. A 1 89-95.
- Zollinger, R., M. Christoffers, G. Endres, G. Gramig, K. Howatt, B. Jenks, R. Lym, J. Stachler, A. Thostenson, and H. Valenti. 2012. 2012 North Dakota Weed Control Guide. NDSU Extension Service circular W-253. Endres, Gregory and Hans Kandel. 2011. 2010 North Dakota Alternative Crop Variety Performance. NDSU Extension Service circular W-1105 (revised).
- Endres, Greg and Paul Hendrickson. 2011. Dry bean performance with tillage systems, placement of starter fertilizer and foliar fungicide. Pages 6-7.
- Endres, Greg and Hans Kandel. 2011. Identifying intensive management practices to increase soybean net returns. Page 9.
- Endres, Greg and Kyle Aasand. 2011. Small grain and oilseed crop field surveys in South-Central North Dakota. Pages 12-13.
- Greg Endres and Paul Hendrickson. 2011. Dry bean performance with tillage systems and fertilizer placement, Carrington, 2010. Northarvest Bean Grower. 2011 Research and Resource Guide.
- Kandel, Hans and Greg Endres. Dec 2011. ND dry pea performance testing 2011. NDSU Extension Service circular A-1469 (revised).
- Gregory J. Endres and Blaine G. Schatz. 2011. Weed control with saflufenacil in soybean. Western Society of Weed Science. Volume 64, page 46.
- Greg, and Paul Hendrickson. 2011. Dry bean performance with tillage systems, placement of starter fertilizer and foliar fungicide. Endres, A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:6-7.
- Wunsch, Michael J., Michael Schaefer, and Blaine G. Schatz. 2011. Cobra herbicide: impacts on soybean yield and quality when applied at early bloom in the absence of significant white mold pressure. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:7-8.
- Endres, Greg, and Hans Kandel. 2011. Identifying intensive management practices to increase soybean net returns. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:9.
- Wunsch, Michael J., Scott Halley, Michael Schaefer, Blaine G. Schatz, and Sam Markell. 2011. Yield and quality impacts of fungicide usage to control pasmo in flax. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:10.
- Wunsch, Michael J., Eric Allmaras, and Michael Schaefer. 2011. Distribution and severity of fungal foliar diseases of lentils in central and western North Dakota and eastern Montana in 2011. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:11-12.
- Endres, Greg, and Kyle Aasand. 2011. Small grain and oilseed crop field surveys in south-central North Dakota. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:12-13.
- Zwinger, Steve, and Devan Hafner. 2011. Cereal/pea forage comparisons. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:13-14.
- Wiederholt, Kathy. 2011. Northern hardy fruit evaluation project; highlights of the 2011 season. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:15-16.
- Aberle, Ezra. 2011. Cover crop species and mixtures demonstration across a salinity gradient. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:17.
- Aberle, Ezra. 2011. Evaluation of perennial grasses and legumes yield across salinity gradients. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:18-21.
- Aberle, Ezra. 2011. Evaluation of Summer switchgrass and selected prairie cordgrass for biomass production. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 52:21-22.
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: An extensive series of field trials were again established in the spring of 2011 to assess the diverse objectives of this project. Spring planting dates for most trials was delayed due to the major winter snowfall followed by cool early spring temperatures. Cool-season crops were established 2 to 3 weeks later than average, while warm-season crops were planted at or near their average planting date. In 2011, the project conducted trials representing the crop diversity of the region with more than thirty crops evaluated within one or more of the project focus areas. The predominant crops of the region were evaluated most intensively with research trials conducted in the focus areas of germplasm evaluation, pest management, and evaluation of crop production inputs. Spring wheat, soybean, corn, dry edible bean, canola, sunflower, and field pea were the primary crops studied in 2011. Germplasm evaluation was again a major effort of this project as the trials further define crop adaptation and performance potential for the region. These evaluations include plant material that is represents commercial cultivars, advanced experimental lines, early generation selections, and segregating populations. An expanded series of plant breeder nurseries were established representing efforts associated with the NDSU dry bean and barley breeding programs. Evaluation of fertilizer inputs and crop nutrition was a project focus area where a number of new trials were initiated. Trials to evaluate spring wheat nitrogen fertility were established to determine if wheat cultivars responded in a similar manner when soils were fertilized for a range of yield goals. These trials also were designed to assess the grain protein enhancement that may occur when post-anthesis foliar nitrogen applications were made across the range of soil nitrogen levels. The project focus related to evaluation of crop production inputs is a research area where a significant expansion of efforts occurred in 2011. Trials to evaluate plant growth regulators or plant health promoters were input evaluations that represented many products that may be introduced to growers. These products were primarily evaluated in spring wheat, soybean, corn, canola and field pea. Pest management research was another focus area that had a large number of new trials initiated this past season. Trials directed to plant disease control were again expanded to address the many diseases impacting the crop diversity that exists in the state. Sclerotinia continues to be one of the major plant diseases the project focuses on since the pathogen infects all of the broadleaf crops grown across the project. Trials to evaluate the emerging plant disease complex that has been identified for lentil, was another area of important new research effort. The evaluation of fungicides for disease control continued across many of the crops evaluated in this project. Pest management research in the area of weed control expanded in 2011 beyond that of recent year's efforts. Weed control challenges appear to be increasing which is correlating with additional herbicide options being introduced by agricultural industries. PARTICIPANTS: The project involves an extensive list of individual participants including department personnel along with numerous collaborators from the Agricultural Experiment Station of North Dakota State University. The primary department participants are as follow: Blaine G. Schatz, Michael Wunsch, Greg Endres, Ron Wiederholt, Paul Hendrickson, Ezra Aberle, Steve Zwinger, Tim Indergaard, Kelly Bjerke, Michael Schaefer, Steve Schaubert, Todd Ingebretson, Bob Smith and Myrna Friedt. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences for this project are primarily those defined as crop and livestock producers across North Dakota, agricultural grower commodity groups, extension service staff, agri-businesses and policy makers. Efforts to deliver project results and information were achieved through formal field days and workshops, extension and outreach reports, and informal interactions with constituency groups. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The project research results that represent the 2011 growing season were greatly limited due to a significant hail storm that crossed the land base of the Carrington Research Extension Center on July 24. Nearly all of the research projects involving small grains including spring wheat, barley, durum and oats were terminated and thereby no outcomes relating to new information are available. Row crops including corn, sunflower and dry bean were also severely impacted by the hail allowing limited completion of research protocols. Plant disease research directed to sclerotinia management was impacted by the hail storm as the crop canopies were damaged and opened during the most critical stage for sclerotinia infection. Progress to address the disease issues impacting lentils were minimally impacted by hail. Stemphylium blight and Botrytis gray mold were identified as important diseases of lentil in North Dakota. Stemphylium blight, caused by Stemphylium botryosum, had not been previously reported on lentil in North Dakota, and very few producers are aware that Botrytis occurs. Both diseases were severe in parts of the state in 2011. Commercial lentil varieties with reduced susceptibility to anthracnose and Stemphylium blight were identified. The relative susceptibility of commercial lentil varieties to these diseases was previously unknown. Preliminary data were generated suggesting that sunflowers are susceptible to Sclerotinia head rot after flowering has ended. The findings have important implications for how resistance to head rot is assessed and for management with fungicides. A limitation was identified relative to the use of seed treatments to control downy mildew on sunflower. Under conditions of high disease pressure, registered seed treatments delayed disease onset but did not always reduce disease incidence. Two fungicides with unique modes of action were identified as possible rotational chemistries with Proline (prothioconazole) for management of Ascochyta blight of chickpea. The findings will contribute to improved fungicide resistance management and improved disease control on chickpeas. Wheat fertility trials showed that the practice of foliar applications of liquid nitrogen at the post-anthesis stage of development were effective in increasing the grain protein content of spring wheat. Four wheat cultivars responded similarly with an average increase of 0.9 point of protein when 34 kg ha-1 of nitrogen was applied post-anthesis when grown on land fertilized with a conservative yield goal. Grain protein enhancements from post-anthesis nitrogen applications were further confirmed in the trial assessing cultivar response across a range soil nitrogen levels. A significant increase in grain protein due to the post-anthesis nitrogen application was observed among 4 cultivars grown on land fertilized for 2018, 3027, 4036, and 5045 kg ha-1. The grain protein response was highest on land fertilized for the lower yields goals with a trend of reduced response as the soil nitrogen was increased in an effort to attain the highest yield goal.
Publications
- Evaluation of CRP for cellulosic biomass production, 2010. Aberle, Ezra. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:17.
- Evaluation of Summer switchgrass and selected prairie cordgrass. Aberle, Ezra. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:19-20.
- Field evaluation of fungicides for control of Sclerotinia stem rot on soybean. Wuncsch, Michael and Blaine Schatz. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:7-9.
- Impact of Sclerotinia stem rot on soybean yield and seed quality. Wunsch, Michael and Blaine Schatz. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:15-17.
- North Dakota Dry Pea Performance Testing 2009. Hans Kandel and Greg Endres. January 2010. NDSU Extension Service circular W-1105 (revised).
- Overview of 2010 weed management trials. Endres, Greg and Blaine Schatz. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:20-21.
- Perennial grass and legume species demonstration across a salinity gradient. Aberle, Ezra. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:18.
- Review of fruit and berry performance in 2010 Northern Hardy Fruit Project. Wiederholt, Kathy. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:12-13.
- Row crop performance with tillage systems and placement of fertilizer. Endres, Greg and Paul Hendrickson. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:9-11.
- Soil nitrogen response to manure applications under canola production. Wiederholt, Ron. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:14-15.
- Small grain and oilseed crop field surveys in South-Central North Dakota. Endres, Greg and Rick Glatt. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:21-22.
- 2009 North Dakota Alternative Crop Variety Performance. Endres, Gregory and Hans Kandel. February 2010. NDSU Extension Service circular W-1105 (revised).
- 2010 North Dakota Weed Control Guide. Zollinger, R., M. Christoffers, G.Endres, G. Gramig, K. Howatt, B. Jenks, R. Lym, J. Stachler, A. Thostenson, and H. Valenti. January 2010. NDSU Extension Service circular W-1469.
- Corn response to foliar fungicide and preharvest desiccant. G.J. Endres and J.K.Ransom. 2010. National Association of County Agricultural Agents Annual Meeting/Professional Improvement Conference.
- Corn response to foliar fungicide and pre-harvest desiccant. Endres,Greg and Joel Ransom. 2010. A Report of Agricultural Research and Extension in Central North Daktoa, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center 51:5-6.
- Cover Crop Research at North Dakota State University. Yvonne Lawley, Laura Overstreet, Steve Zwinger, and Blaine Schatz. 2010. Midwest cover crops council 2010 annual meeting, Ames, Iowa.
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