Progress 09/01/10 to 02/28/13
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Numerous Land Grant universities and USDA-ARS projects participated in the IPM Legume PIPE national network of sentinel plots throughout 20 U.S. states to monitor for soybean rust (SBR), common rust, root rots, soybean aphid, legume viruses (e.g., Bean common mosaic, Alfalfa mosaic, Beet curly top), white mold and common bacterial blight occurrence. Each State Coordinator: (1) confirmed involvement of local cooperators and provided diagnostic training; (2) established linkage with the State Diagnostician (National Plant Diagnostic Network contact) to share primary information on pest and disease monitoring in Sentinel Plots and/or commercial legume fields during the season; and (3) established linkage with the USDA/CSREES PIPE Web Site and protocol to access resources and upload weekly survey data that was then made available to the public at http://sbrusa.net/. Procedures for design, crop and pest monitoring, and data reporting adhered to established national protocols. Data were reported in a timely fashion using nationally established data archives. This project participated routinely in regional and national networking activities including conference calls. Project participants contributed appropriate state-based commentaries to the online ipmPIPE information management system with methods and frequency as established by the ipmPIPE. Reports were provided in accordance with requests by the national program. Cooperators also provided verbal reports during conference calls. Training was provided to diagnosticians and field specialists on disease and pest diagnostic processes involved in the state. The project completed validation of the curtovirus specific-identification (using polymerase chain reaction) and genus-specific dot blot hybridization assay (cocktail probe), which detects 8 of 9 curtoviruses and strains in the U.S. Funds were used for sentinel plots that were monitored for these diseases and pests during 2010 to 2012. Monitoring of Sentinel Plots in North America did not detect any suspicious outbreak of soybean rust on legume crops that included soybean (northern and western states), common bean, chickpea, lentils, field pea, lima bean and/or cowpea during 2010 to 2012. PARTICIPANTS: Project participants include Howard Schwartz, Marie Langham, Judy Brown, Paul Gepts, Steve Temple, George Jibilian, Gary Leibee, Keith Douce, Joe LaForest, Daren Mueller, L. Jesse, E. Saalau-Roijas, A. Sisson, Krishna Mohan, Mohammad Babadoost, Doug Jardine, Martin Chilvers, Janet Jacobs, Barry Jacobsen, Mary Burrows, Sam Markell, Michael Wunsch, Bob Harveson, Natalie Goldberg, Julie Kikkert, Karl Steddom, Steven Rideout, Sue Tolin, Phil Miklas, Amanda Gevens, Brian Hudelson, Paul Esker, Gary Franc, Marty Draper, Kitty Caldwell, and Jim VanKirk. Individuals that worked on the project included all principal investigators, their research and extension associates, technicians, graduate students and undergraduate students. Collaboration and training were continued with various organizations including state, regional and national legume associations of stakeholders, and legume specialists throughout the United States. Additional contacts include legume growers of all major legume growing counties, field consultants with seed companies, pesticide companies, pesticide applicators, government regulators, and crop consultants. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience included dry bean and other legume growers, handlers, crop consultants, field representatives of legume and chemical companies, certified seed inspectors, state Department of Agriculture inspectors, crop insurance adjustors, in addition to graduate and undergraduate students. A variety of presentations and educational products were made by project participants for numerous field days and educational meetings with stakeholders. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Termination of project after 2010-2012 due to funding deficit.
Impacts
The Legume ipmPIPE contributed valuable information to the national program involved with monitoring the outbreak and movement of the soybean rust fungus in western and northern states. Timely reporting allowed pest management specialists to advise crop consultants and growers regarding disease status and threat. As a result, more than one million acres of common bean grown in states including Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming were not sprayed needlessly with a preventive fungicide which provided economic benefits to growers and reduced chemical exposure to the environment and food supply. This savings is estimated to total 25 million dollars annually based on a conservative average cost of $25 per acre for a fungicide and its application. The U.S. legume industry representing the following non-soybean pulse crops (2000-2009 records from USDA-ERS) has been impacted by the Legume ipmPIPE grant of $350,000 plus participant resources of $500,000 per year with a conservative return of 5 percent ($48 million or an annual Return on Investment of 50 to 1) by reducing losses from diseases and pests affecting: Common Bean - 1,570,000 Acres valued at $461 million, Snap Bean - 100,720 Acres valued at $296 million, Cowpea - 33,000 Acres valued at $18 million, Lima Bean - 32,000 Acres valued at $29 million value, Chickpea (Garbanzo) - 97,000 Acres valued at $27 million, Lentil - 300,000 Acres valued at $61 million value, and Pea (dry, snap) - 560,000 Acres valued at $88 million. A series of 32 field cards covering legume growth stages, diseases (biotic and abiotic), and insects (pests and vectors) has been printed and delivered to more than 10,000 stakeholders throughout North American pulse-growing regions including 20 states in the U.S.; as well as posted online. This series has enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of communications and record-keeping by project personnel and stakeholders. The ipmPIPE web site at http://www.ipmpipe.org/ (includes the Legume ipmPIPE) averaged 69,000 hits/month with more than 100,000 hits/month during the legume growing season (May to September). The greatest asset of the Legume ipmPIPE has always been and remains the outstanding extension specialists, researchers, coordinators, diagnosticians, stakeholders, field workers and others who each year provide "the eyes and feet on the ground" to make this project happen. They are dedicated to the service of the Legume industry, producers, and general public and have been unflagging in their time and devotion. This has forged new linkages with Legume stakeholders and industry enabling the Legume ipmPIPE to be responsive to their needs in the last 5 years, and our ability to meet their future needs depends on continued funding resources.
Publications
- Burrows, M., Jenks, B., Davis, E., Knodel, J., Wunsch, M., and Markell, S. 2011 Pulse Pests Calendar. (printed by Northern Pulse Growers Association).
- Burrows, M., Jenks, B., Davis, E., Knodel, J., Wunsch, M., and Markell, S. 2012 Pulse Pests Calendar. (printed by Northern Pulse Growers Association).
- Harveson, R.M., Markell, S., Goswami, R., Urrea, C. A., Burrows, M. E., Dugan, F. Chen, W., and Skoglund, L. 2011. Ascochyta blight of chickpea. Plant Health Progress. Online. doi:10.1094/PHP-2011-0103-01-DG.
- Langham, M.A.C. Schwartz, H.F., Tolin, S.A., Golod, J., LaForest, J., and Cardwell, K.F. 2011. Legume ipmPIPE: A new option for generating, summarizing, and disseminating real-time pest data to stakeholders. J. of Integrated Pest Management doi:10.1603/IPM11003.
- Leisso, R., Jacobsen, B. and Burrows, M. 2011. Pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. to chickpea seed and seedlings (Cicer arietinum L.). Can. J. Plant Pathology. 33:400-409.
- Schwartz, H.F., and Langham, M.A.C. 2012. Legume ipmPIPE Overview of 2007-2011 Contributions to the Legume Industry. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 55:35-36.
- Schwartz, H. F., Langham, M.A.C., Golod, J., Tolin, S.A., LaForest, J., and Cardwell, K.F. 2009. Legume ipmPIPE, The next evolution of web-based interactive tools for disease management and extension outreach. APSnet: www.apsnet.org/online/feature/ipmPIPE.
- Skoglund, L. G., Harveson, R. M., Chen, W., Dugan, F., Schwartz, H. F., Markell, S. G., Porter, L., Burrows, M. L., and Goswami, R. 2011. Ascochyta blight of peas. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2011-0330-01-RS.
- Legume ipmPIPE Diagnostic Pocket Series. 2011. (2 page diagnostic cards, distributed nationally and on the web site); listing of the 32 topics and authors available at: legume.ipmpipe.org/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi.
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Progress 09/01/10 to 08/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project will adhere to procedures for design, crop and pest monitoring, and data reporting in accordance with national protocols. Data will be reported in a timely fashion using nationally established procedures. This project will participate routinely in regional and national networking activities including conference calls. This project will contribute appropriate state-based commentaries to the online ipmPIPE information management system with methods and frequency as established by the ipmPIPE. This project will provide reports as requested by the national program. Specific information on number of plots and number of weeks is contained in each cooperator's application and subcontract. Subcontractors are required to participate in activities above and provide timely invoices to Colorado State University. Regional Coordinators (Marie Langham and Howard Schwartz) conduct bi-weekly conference calls throughout the growing season. Cooperators provide verbal reports during these calls. Governance follows policy set forth by the ipmPIPE Steering Committee. Education/Outreach and Communications and PR activities are planned and will be funded for the fall and winter of 2010-11. The IT platform is being funded via other mechanisms, but is supporting the legumePIPE component. The monitoring and surveillance activities and protocols developed over the past year will continue to govern how the legumePIPE operates. This system of weekly updates to the legumePIPE web site has functioned well. Productive partnerships with growers, industry, Land-Grant Universities and USDA agencies have developed and will continue. In the 2010 growing season, a strategy for monitoring and reporting the status of pests and pathogens of legumes was continued in the US as a follow up to the projects in 2006 to 2009. The Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education (PIPE) program was expanded to include the economically limiting viruses that infect selected legume species for the 2010 growing season. Training was provided to diagnosticians and field specialists on disease and pest diagnostic processes involved, the difficulty in recognizing virus symptoms by untrained personnel, the diversity of insect vectors (aphid, beetle, leafhopper, nematode, thrips and whitefly), and variation in distribution of legume viruses, due to the diverse agroecosystems in regions of the US. Funds were used for sentinel plots that were monitored during 2010 for these pests and for regional training of other cooperators in the PIPE. Monitoring of Sentinel Plots in North America did not detect any suspicious outbreak of soybean rust on legume crops that included soybean, common bean, chickpea, lentils and field pea during 2010. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals that worked on the project included all principal investigators, their research and extension associates, technicians, graduate students and undergraduate students. Collaboration and training were continued with various organizations including the Colorado Dry Bean Administrative Committee, and legume specialists throughout the United States. Additional contacts include Colorado dry bean growers of all major dry bean growing counties, field consultants with seed companies, pesticide companies, pesticide applicators, and crop consultants. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience included dry bean growers, handlers, crop consultants, field representatives of dry bean and chemical companies, certified seed inspectors, Colorado Department of Agriculture inspectors, in addition to graduate and undergraduate students. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The Legume ipmPIPE contributed valuable information to the national program involved with monitoring the outbreak and movement of the fungus in southeastern and now Midwestern states. Timely reporting in the west also allowed pest management specialists to advise crop consultants and growers regarding disease status and threat. As a result, 225,000 acres of common bean grown in Colorado (75,000 acres), Idaho (75,000 acres), Oregon (10,000 acres), Washington (30,000 acres) and other western states (35,000 acres) were not sprayed needlessly with a preventive fungicide which provided economic benefits to growers and reduced chemical exposure to the environment and food supply. This savings is estimated to total 6.75 million dollars based on a conservative average cost of 30 dollars per acre for a fungicide and its application.
Publications
- Langham, M.A.C., Schwartz, H.F., Tolin, S.A., Sutula, C., Golod, J., Ratcliffe, S.T., LaForest, J., and Cardwell, K.F. 2010. Legume ipmPIPE, a tool for disease management and education in legumes. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 53:124-125.
- Schwartz, H.F., Langham, M.A.C., Tolin, S.A., Golod, J., LaForest, J., and Cardwell, K.F. 2010. A new option for generating, summarizing and disseminating real-time pest data to stakeholders. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 53:24-25.
- Schwartz, H.F., and Langham, M.A.C. Growth Stages of Common Bean. 2010. Legume ipmPIPE Diagnostic Pocket Series (2 page diagnostic cards, distributed nationally), http://legume.ipmpipe.org/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi.
- Schwartz, H.F., and Langham, M.A.C. Growth Stages of Lima Bean. 2010. Legume ipmPIPE Diagnostic Pocket Series (2 page diagnostic cards, distributed nationally), http://legume.ipmpipe.org/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi.
- Schwartz, H.F., and Langham, M.A.C. Growth Stages of Chickpea. 2010. Legume ipmPIPE Diagnostic Pocket Series (2 page diagnostic cards, distributed nationally), http://legume.ipmpipe.org/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi.
- Schwartz, H.F., and Langham, M.A.C. Growth Stages of Cowpea. 2010. Legume ipmPIPE Diagnostic Pocket Series (2 page diagnostic cards, distributed nationally), http://legume.ipmpipe.org/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi.
- Schwartz, H.F., and Langham, M.A.C. Growth Stages of Lentil. 2010. Legume ipmPIPE Diagnostic Pocket Series (2 page diagnostic cards, distributed nationally), http://legume.ipmpipe.org/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi.
- Schwartz, H.F., and Langham, M.A.C. Growth Stages of Pea. 2010. Legume ipmPIPE Diagnostic Pocket Series (2 page diagnostic cards, distributed nationally), http://legume.ipmpipe.org/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi.
- Schwartz, H.F., and Langham, M.A.C. Nutrient Imbalances. 2010. Legume ipmPIPE Diagnostic Pocket Series (2 page diagnostic cards, distributed nationally), http://legume.ipmpipe.org/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi.
- Schwartz, H.F., Franc, G.D., and Harveson, R.M. Anthracnose. 2010. Legume ipmPIPE Diagnostic Pocket Series (2 page diagnostic cards, distributed nationally), http://legume.ipmpipe.org/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi.
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