Progress 09/01/10 to 08/31/14
Outputs
Target Audience:Widespread use of models and tools developed under PIPE award sponsorship throughout the USA, but particularly, Oregon and California. Uses of models in final year of contract were approximately 99,000. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The web-based services were described widely in extension materials,live events, newsletters and farmer trainings and the use rate for the two key tools, the weather based phenology models and pesticide risk assessment tools accelletrated rapidly during the project. We argue that by being responsive to immeodiate needs of extension agents, industry and agencies, we met important needs in key areas of speciality crop production. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Pest and disease risk and phenology models: http://uspest.org/wea/ 2010 New integrative feature - allow results of all available models to be displayed together in "MyPest Page" that can be selected by crop(s) of interest. 2011 New QA/QC feature - uses virtual weather data to fill in for missing and suspect data from observing weather stations. 2011 New feature - allow and document the use of "MyPest Page" model components in other web pages as "mashups" to extend use of the site to other IPM websites. 2012 New feature (DD Clock) compares current heat unit accumulations with previous years. 2014 New feature (Phenology Event Maps) map the date of a modeled phenological event across areas as great as the 48 state U.S. Numerous extension documents (currently, 20 PDF documents authored by Dreves et al.) and decision support tools for SWD management (5 major tools including survey status maps (link to APHIS/NAPIS CERIS map/database), daily updated SWD phenology maps for US. New models added for specialty crops: 2010 European grapevine moth, as per requests by APHIS PPQ 2010 Spotted Wing Drosophila revised as per new field data from Dreves et al. 2011 Western flower thrips - requested by UC Davis scientists on behalf of vegetable industry 2011 Brown Marmorated Stink Bug - requested by APHIS PPQ 2011 Sunflower stem weevil - new model for pest of sunflower requested by researchers in CO 2011 W. Cherry Fruit Fly model - revised to include new regions 2011 European grapevine moth - revised to include expanded data sets 2011 Melcast Watermelon (hourly) model added - request by NPDN personnel 2011 Melcast Muskmelon (hourly) model added - request by NPDN personnel 2011 Strawberry Powdery Mildew (hourly) model added - request by Driscolls personnel 2012 New version of Fireblight (hourly) model - based on Tim Smith's version of the model 2012 Omnivorous leaftier - a pest of nursery and small fruit crops in western states 2012 Light Brown Apple Moth - invasive pest of grapes and other small fruit crops, requested by APHIS PPQ 2012 Overwinter Mortality GIS Model for Spotted Wing Drosophila 2013 Asian Citrus Psyllid - requested by researchers working on citrus greening disease-warning 2014 Mummyberry of blueberry infection risk (hourly) - new experimental version undergoing testing by researchers - requested by Jay Pscheidt, OSU 2014 Mummyberry of blueberry end of primary ascospore season model - new experimental version undergoing testing by researchers - requested by Jay Pscheidt, OSU 2. Pesticide risk management tools for direct use by farmers and advisors ipmPRiME: https://ipmprime.org/pesticides/ ipmPRiME pollinator risk tool: https://ipmprime.org/pesticides/superuserpages/beepolne The state-of-the-science pesticide risk assessment tool, available on the Internet, allowing individual, seasonal program and cumulative risk assessment for pesticides. Developed in partnership with IPM Institute of North America, and now with a user base of >10,000 farmers and advisors. Risk assessments provided for aquatic life, terrestrial wildlife, human bystanders, and now pollinators. 3. http://foodalliance.org/certification/producer/appmodules Development of a new, ecologically-based generic IPM guideline for certification of specialty crops. Tested with almond, cherry and blueberry farmers in OR and CA, and now in use nation-wide by the Food Alliance. 43 inspectors have now been trained. 4. http://www.san.ag/standard-consultation-center/sanag/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/3-SAN-new-IPM-and-pesticide-risk-concepts.pdf Further implementation of a new, ecologically based generic IPM guideline and pesticide risk management tool for certification of specialty crops worldwide under the Sustainable Agriculture Network. GlobalG.A.P. is a partner in this program, and adoption of these tools, developed under the PIPE program, will enhance access to markets for specialty crops managed under these IPM guidelines, throughout the USA. Globally, the number of farmers affected by products that were developed within the PIPE could exceed 10 million.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Jepson, P.C., Guzy, M., Blaustein, K., Sow, M., Sarr, M., Mineau, P., Kegley, S. (2014) Measuring pesticide ecological and health risks in West African agriculture to establish an enabling environment for sustainable intensification. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0491
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Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Specialty crop producers in the W. USA Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? ipmPRiME is disseminated via the Internet at: https://ipmprime.org/pesticides/; phenology models and decision support tools are available at: http://uspest.org/wea/. Once all of the tools are assembled, we will open a PIPE website that offers integration, for the first time in any IPM program, of IPM planning, IPM decision support, pesticide risk mitigation to natural enemies, pollinators and wildlife and self assessment procedures that may assist in maintaining 3rd party certification for farmers that are facing the uncertainties associated with invasive pests. Use statistics for these tools and details of our outreach program and statistics and associated learning from these will be provided in the final summary. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continued refinement of tools and ultimately their full integration before the NIFA/RMA funded period elapses.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The following goals were defined and were ongoing in 2012 Goal: Reduce production risk for specialty crop growers by improving ability to select pesticides. Under PIPE funding, we have developed, completed and field-tested a pesticide risk index for pollinators and natural enemies. This is in direct response to specialty crop grower requests for such a tool, based upon evidence of increased impacts of pesticides on bees in pollinated and non-pollinated crops. The tool is available, but on a password protected site, but it will be released for public use during 2014. It has already delivered important findings to specialty crop farmers in OR and WA, by demonstrating that pesticides less toxic to bees may still be highly toxic to natural enemies. Goal: This project will help integrate SWD biology, behavior and abundance to predict seasonal movement and the concentration of SWD in diverse and fragmented agricultural landscapes. Supporting objectives will use modeling to produce multiple distribution maps of SWD in affected areas so that pest management support tools can be developed that explicitly reference the spatial and temporal arrangement in various fruiting crops, cultivated and wild and across regions. Further development of a series of proof of concept tools on line that were comprehensively reviewed by a number of farmer and other stakeholder audiences: http://uspest.org/swd/index.html. These tools provided prototype maps of incidence reporting on nationwide basis, but with more detailed reporting of relative abundances for the Western USA via interactive features that are partitioned by crop type, year and season within the year. A novel phonological development interface has been established, that shows generation number and developmental stage in different regions of the country up to the present date, and for previous years. This also includes a completely new utility that allows users to query the map directly and obtain comparisons of phonological stages between the present year, the previous two years and 30-year normals. Guide tables are provided for Western, Central and Eastern USA that allow users to rapidly locate convenient weather stations and obtain a current report of conditions. Finally, maps of expected overwintering survival have been developed that enable users to time to setting of traps and identify possible locations of invasion sources for the coming season. All of the above represent state-of-the-science advances requiring validation by end users, which has been progressing. Goal: Phenology modeling and mapping for invasive species of Western specialty crops Continued model refinements for IPPC’s pest and crop models including the new models developed under PIPE funding for European Grapevine Moth, spotted wing Drosophila (see above; with custom features including overwintering mortality with man-made refugia), Douglas fir needle midge, pine shoot beetle, Western flower thrips, brown marmorated stinkbug, early blight of potato, sunflower stem weevil, Western cherry fruit fly, strawberry powdery mildew, omnivorous leaftier, light brown apple moth, fireblight, and boxwood blight. The most critical addition to this service in this reporting period is a date-of-event forecasting engine that enables farmers to plan ahead for monitoring and refine their pesticide use decisions. This has been released in a new mapping interface, http://uspest.org/cgi-bin/ddmodel.us that has been the subject of a widespread extension campaign, under other USDA funding in 2014. We are documenting some specific specialty crop applications of these tools that are directly a result of PIPE funding – connecting together IPM planning, natural enemy and bee management, decision support tools, conservation biological control and pesticide risk mitigation – we believe that this may represent one of the most sophisticated and comprehensive IPM programs to date, and that we can attribute this to work undertaken with this funding. Goal: Comprehensive review and development of a new type of IPM guideline for farmers that is compatible with the challenges posed by invasive species, and the requirements for 3rd party certification. Partnered with the Food Alliance. IPM guidelines were developed and completed in cooperation with 3rd party certification organization, the Food Alliance, and tested with a number of specialty crop growers in the W. USA. Comprehensive reviews of IPM tactics for a number of crops were also completed. These are now being deployed with farming audiences and prepared for publication. Goal: Development of tools that can support conservation biological control in specialty crops, particularly those that can assist farmers in quantifying habitat and resource needs for beneficial insects. We completed development and field tested of a ground level remote sensing, mapping and monitoring protocol and calculated zones of influences of insectary patches, hedgerows and insectary row strips, reporting data back to farmers. This work is now being drafted for publication and we are seeking to develop an application for use on smart phones and tablets during PIPE program funding.
Publications
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Progress 09/01/11 to 08/31/12
Outputs
Target Audience: Specialty crop producers in the W. USA. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? ipmPRiME is disseminated via the Internet at: https://ipmprime.org/pesticides/; phenology models and decision support tools are available at: http://uspest.org/wea/. Use statistics for these tools and details of our outreach program and statistics and associated learning from these will be provided in a later summary. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continued refinement of tools and ultimately their full integration before the NIFA/RMA funded period elapses.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The following goals were defined and were ongoing in 2012 Goal: Reduce production risk for specialty crop growers by improving ability to select pesticides. Completion of ipmPRiME to include 98%+ of all US registered products. The ipmPRiME risk assessment tool calculates a number of risk indices representing acute and chronic toxicity endpoints for terrestrial and aquatic wildlife taxa and humans. In general the risk indices, ranging in value from 0 to 1, are logistic regressions that fit field-observed mortality to field toxicity. Field toxicity is derived from a function that relates the active ingredient application rate to the 5% tail value of a species sensitivity distribution (SSD). An SSD is a dose (concentration)-response curve. The abscissa is scaled in toxicity units derived from LD50 or LC50 lab studies and the ordinate, scaled from 0 to 1, is the cumulative proportion of species mortally affected at the selected toxicity. In practice, a toxicity level corresponding to the fifth percentile on the ordinate is interpolated. This value, known as an HD5 or HC5, is deemed protective of 95% of all the species, measured or not, to which the curve applies. Goal: This project will help integrate SWD biology, behavior and abundance to predict seasonal movement and the concentration of SWD in diverse and fragmented agricultural landscapes. Supporting objectives will use modeling to produce multiple distribution maps of SWD in affected areas so that pest management support tools can be developed that explicitly reference the spatial and temporal arrangement in various fruiting crops, cultivated and wild and across regions. Development of a series of proof of concept tools on line that were comprehensively reviewed by a number of farmer and other stakeholder audiences: http://uspest.org/swd/index.html These tools provided prototype maps of incidence reporting on nationwide basis, but with more detailed reporting of relative abundances for the Western USA via interactive features that are partitioned by crop type, year and season within the year. A novel phonological development interface has been established, that shows generation number and developmental stage in different regions of the country up to the present date, and for previous years. This also includes a completely new utility that allows users to query the map directly and obtain comparisons of phonological stages between the present year, the previous two years and 30 year normals. Guide tables are provided for Western, Central and Eastern USA, that allow users to rapidly locate convenient weather stations and obtain a current report of conditions. Finally, maps of expected overwintering survival have been developed that enable users to time to setting of traps and identify possible locations of invasion sources for the coming season. All of the above represent state-of-the-science advances requiring validation by end users. Goal: Phenology modeling and mapping for invasive species of Western specialty crops IPPC’s pest and crop models included new models for European Grapevine Moth, spotted wing Drosophila (see above; with custom features including overwintering mortality with man-made refugia), Douglas fir needle midge, pine shoot beetle, Western flower thrips, brown marmorated stinkbug, early blight of potato, sunflower stem weevil, Western cherry fruit fly, strawberry powdery mildew, omnivorous leaftier, light brown apple moth, fireblight, and boxwood blight. We provided documentation to embed mash-up web pages for extension websites, virtual weather station fill-in for missing data and locations lacking weather stations, a degree-day clock, comparing current and previous years, and Google Maps access to weather stations and models http://uspest.org/cgi-bin/ddmodel.us. Goal: Comprehensive review and development of a new type of IPM guideline for farmers that is compatible with the challenges posed by invasive species, and the requirements for 3rd party certification. Partnered with the Food Alliance. IPM guidelines were developed and completed in cooperation with 3rd party certification organization, the Food Alliance, and tested with a number of specialty crop growers in the W. USA. Comprehensive reviews of IPM tactics for a number of crops were also completed. These are now under review. Goal: Development of tools that can support conservation biological control in specialty crops, particularly those that can assist farmers in quantifying habitat and resource needs for beneficial insects. We developed and field tested a ground level remote sensing, mapping and monitoring protocol and calculated zones of influences of insectary patches, hedgerows and insectary row strips. This tool provides the first available methodology for this purpose that employs digital photographic charting for monitoring and documenting insectary plantings across agricultural field boundaries i.e. density, cover, and diversity of plants on the ground over time. Seventeen flower types were studied which exhibited differing characteristics of growth, blooming, ground cover, and vegetation structure. We demonstrated that insectary patches, installed by a farmer, generated the greatest potential areas of beneficial influence within the planted crops, compared with the two linearly planted strips that would be recommended by traditional extension advice. Our ability to provide quantitative answers to these questions provides farmers for the first time with a clear basis for comparing specific conservation practices, including hedgerows and in-field insectary strips, and it also provides the basis for decisions regarding the configuration and numbers of insectary plantings across whole farms.
Publications
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Progress 09/01/10 to 08/31/11
Outputs
Target Audience: Specialty crop producers in the W. USA. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Developing work products were increasingly reported and discussed at extension and outreach workshops with specialty crop farmers in the West, but the premier delivery mechanism is via website delivery, for which a greatly elevated campaign of outreach was developed. Use of associated websites with ipmPIPE content has grown exponentially, and will be reported in a later summary What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? ipmPRiME risk assessment model completion and outreach, SWD phenology modeling and mapping development, completion of phenology models for key invasive species, completion of IPM guidelines framework, completion of habitat assessment tool for conservation biological control.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The following goals were defined and were ongoing in 2011 Goal: Reduce production risk for specialty crop growers by improving ability to select pesticides. Comprehensive, up-to-date database of EPA-registered and exempt-from-registration pesticides for high-value specialty crops in western states including grapes, small fruit, tree fruit and nuts. Database to include all pertinent details required for a comprehensive environmental risk profile including pesticide product names, formulations, active ingredients, and physical and chemical properties. These will be developed from data from US EPA and other sources following efficient, established methods. Complete set of use-pattern adjustment factors for the target crops to account for variation in risk profile due to specific use including application methods and equipment , and relevant crop phenology. These will be developed by working with small groups of producers, advisors and Extension specialists who have specialized knowledge of how pesticide products are used in each target crop. Integration of #1-3 into ipmPRiME, the first on-line, user-friendly pesticide selection tool addressing all key pesticide risks including environmental and health risks, and risks of loss of efficacy due to pest resistance. Education and outreach program to establish awareness of the PRiME tool by 50% of potential users in the target region. Goal: The invasive fly, spotted winged Drosophila (SWD) Drosophila suzukii, a serious pest that damages small berries, grapes and stone fruit crops threatens profitability of the fruit industry. This project will help integrate SWD biology, behavior and abundance to predict seasonal movement and the concentration of SWD in diverse and fragmented agricultural landscapes. Supporting objectives will use modeling to produce multiple distribution maps of SWD in affected areas so that pest management support tools can be developed that explicitly reference the spatial and temporal arrangement in various fruiting crops, cultivated and wild and across regions. These support tools, along with a better understanding of SWD’s seasonal behavior, dispersal, and habitat preferences, will be used to predict SWD movement within the landscape and across regions. Develop models and maps displaying SWD risk, predicted winter survival, expected generations and developmental degree-days across regions; and seasonal population levels and dynamics (phenology). Identify factors that influence host suitability, dispersal and behavior of SWD, spatially and temporally. Quantify the distribution of SWD and model the risk and likelihood of SWD occurrence and impact on fruit crops. Develop extension outreach for clients including regular updates, simple diagnostics for SWD identification, modeling of risk and important SWD events. Goal: Phenology modeling and mapping for invasive species of Western specialty crops Ongoing discussion of candidate pests for decision support tool development: Some Potential candidates were: Light Brown Apple Moth, spotted wing drosophila, European Grapevine Moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana , Asian Citrus Psyllia. We also considered focusing on individual crops e.g. grapes, and all pests, along with the standard diseases which have models in the IPPC’s uspest system (for grapes: powdery mildew and Botrytis or pear/apple - cougar blight, LBAM and SWD. Goal: Comprehensive review and development of a new type of IPM guideline for farmers that is compatible with the challenges posed by invasive species, and the requirements for 3rd party certification. Partnered with the Food Alliance. Goal: Development of tools that can support conservation biological control in specialty crops, particularly those that can assist farmers in quantifying habitat and resource needs for beneficial insects.
Publications
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