Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: New York and Northeastern farmers, feed suppliers, dairy processors, extension agents, students, and consumers and general public. Changes/Problems: Most of our published work is still in draft, and dissertation work is not yet complete, so the bulk of dissemination is going to occur after the end of the funding. We will continue to use expertise, equipment, experience and industry contacts to support the surveillance and reporting of mycotoxin threats in New York as they emerge (or don't). In addition, the results suggest critical experiments we plan to conduct soon: Valid toxicant carryover trials on modern dairy animals. (Current guidelines are based on 35 year old research on fewer than 10 cows in two experiments). What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? We have helped with continuing education of veterinarians, extension personnel and involved the education and professional development of two graduate students and four undergraduates. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? By presentations to feed industry and milk processing groups, by myriad emails, by formal fact sheets issued by Cooperative Extension and there will soon be a PhD dissertation and publications based on work started with these Hatch funds. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
On the basis of three years of sampling from about 40 New York farms, we have found that: 1) That the concentration of zearalenone ranged from 0 (undetectable) to 0.36 ppm in feeds, mostly 0 and only 4.3% of samples were above 0.20ppm. 2) That the concentration of DON ranged from 0 (undetectable) to 0.80 ppm, mostly 0 and none approaching 10ppm. 3) That the concentration of aflatoxin in feed ranged from 0 (undetectable) to 20.62ppb, mostly undetectable and 0.8% above 20ppb. No samples found to contain more than 22ppb. 4) That the concentration of aflatoxin M1 in milk ranged from undetectable to 270ppt, mostly 0. No samples exceeded the US standard (500ppt) and 17.1% exceed European standards (50ppt). 5) We established protocols for contacting, sampling and analyzing feeds and milk from both state and private farms, including procedures for tracking milk samples back to the feed batches and ingredient lots used to feed the cattle providing the milk. 6) The Cornell Animal Science Departmentinfrastructure and analytical capabilities needed to sustain mycotoxin surveillance on New York farms were dramatically improved.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
GRAPE AND RAISIN TOXICITY IN CANINES
Denise F. Paul
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Chase, Brown, Bergstrom, and Murphy. Aflatoxin in Milk. 2013 Dairy Nutrition Fact Sheet. Cornell University Cooperative Extension
|
Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: 1)Measurements of the incidence of aflatoxin and zearalenone incidence in corn and corn silage produced and stored for use on 30-100 New York State animal production units per year for three years and total mixed rations (TMR) made from those products. This work has begun in Tompkins, Cortland and Delaware Counties and we expect rapid expansion of this effort in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. It has taken more time than expected to create and learn the optimum procedures to sample milk and TMR and make connections between individual cows and feeding strings, but after a great deal of practice and formative research, we have a collection and data management scheme that is well suited to how dairy cattle are fed in the Northeast and we have begun to use this on smaller private farms for home-grown grains and the resulting milk. We have 115 samples with both feed and milk aflatoxin data from the same cows and nearly that many for feed zearalenone. 2) Measurements of the incidence of aflatoxin and zearalenone in commercially available animal feed and feed ingredients from 30-100 companies of various sizes. This has begun as well and has been expanded to include DON. We have invested time and expense in setting up two new analytical lab protocols based on more recent technology than that in place when the proposal was approved (a new HPLC adduct method and a quick scan test for DON). 3) Measurements of citrinin, DON and ochratoxin in those above feeds destined for dairy stock and fumonisin in those destined for horses and human populations. Just beginning. 4) Published summary of practices and seasonal climate variables associated with these findings. Gathering data for this now. 5) Measurements of the incidence of aflatoxin and zearalenone incidence in snack foods, milled grains, dairy and meat products produced in New York from 30-100 retail outlets across the state. We have about 100 milk samples analyzed and are gearing up for a much faster throughput with new protocols. Undergraduate volunteers and extension personnel will be helping this Spring with a cross-sectional look at stored grain supplements offered for sale in the region. We will be adding a new procedure to test for aflatoxin-albumin in dairy cattle blood and meat products this Summer. PARTICIPANTS: Dan Brown, Associate Professor of Animal Science, Cornell University (PI) Katherine Churchill, Graduate Research Assistant, Cornell University (Part of her Animal Science PhD education) Jeremy Schwartzbord, Graduate Research Assistant, Cornell University (Part of his Environmental Toxicology PhD education) Meghan Filbert, Delaware County Cooperative Extension April Lucas, Delaware County Cooperative Extension Gladys Birdsall, Cornell University Teaching and Research Center Dairy Manager Commercial dairy farmers in three upstate New York counties. TARGET AUDIENCES: Dairy farmers, dairy farm workers, feed suppliers, veterinarians, milk brokers, milk processors, cooperative extension workers, nutritional consultants, toxicologists, animal nutritionists as well as the milk, meat and corn and soy-consuming public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: We added the use of a new commercially available rapid, but sensitive and quantitative on-farm aflatoxin, zearalenone and DON test to field work. THis not only made the numbers turn around faster, but also could be performed for the farmer on site. Assembled and began using an HPLC/uv-vis method for mycotoxins and adducts and obtained a fluorometric detector to improve sensitivity of detection. Created and plan to get approval in 2013 for an aflatoxin-lysine residue indexing method for measuring aflatoxin bound to circulating albumin. This would allow monitoring cow aflatoxin ingestion far earlier than the 2-3 previous days indicated by milk aflatoxin M1.
Impacts
So far, we have found few incidents of mycotoxins exceeding US milk standards, but several that would have exceeded European Union standards for both feed and milk destined for market. At the Cornell Dairy Teaching and Research Center in Cortland and Tompkins counties, the concentrate feeds (principally originating from out-of-state through large feed companies) and Total Mixed Rations (TMR) made from them have been found to contain less than the US 20ppb regulatory cutoff (except for one batch of TMR at 20.62ppb) and feed zearalenone was found to be lower than the suggested voluntary guideline of 0.2 ppm except one silage bunker at 0.307ppm and one TMR that tested at 0.270ppm. Milk aflatoxin in Tompkins county ranged from 0 to 105.3ppt, all less than the US standard of 500ppt, but several that exceeded EU standard of 50 ppt. We are still processing the first few hundred samples from private commercial farms in Tompkins, Cortland and Delaware Counties.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
|