Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Crop growers, agricultural consultants, seed company representatives, Extension specialists, research scientists and regulators Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Six graduate students, three PhD and three master students, worked on the project during the five years. In addition, more than 10 other undergraduate and graduate students were also involved in the activities supported by the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results generated from the project have been disseminated to communities of interests through grower and industrial meetings, newsletters, presentations at local, regional, national, and international meetings, and publications as proceedings of conferences and referred journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
During the five-year period of the project 1. Two Ph.D. and three M.S. students who were partially supported by this project successfully graduated. 2. Three book chapters have been published. 3. At least 30 referred scientific papers related to the project were published in national and international journals. 4. Thirty non-referred articles and conference proceedings related to the project were published. 5. More than 50 oral and poster displays were presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings including 20 invited presentations. 6. Seven extension articles were published. 7. Identified the first major Cry2Ab2 and Cry1A.105 resistance genes in fall armyworm. 8. Three new Bt resistant strains of fall armyworm were developed, which have been used for novel research materials for several on-coming research projects. 9. Documented the cross-resistance between Cry1F and Cry1A.105 in fall armyworm. 10. Documented the 2nd generation pyramided transgenic corn containing multiple Bt genes is effective for managing Cry1F or Cry1A.105 -resistant fall armyworm. 11. A state-wide Bt resistance monitoring program has been successfully implemented for the major targets of Bt corn in Louisiana. 12. During the five years, a total of > 400 F2 families of fall armyworm were established from field collections in several states of the U.S. southern region and examined for resistance against Cry2Ab2 and Cry1F corn products. Major resistance alleles were detected in several families and the frequency of the resistance alleles to these two Bt proteins was estimated for the region. 13. During the five years, intensive laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to assess the risk of refuge-in-the-bag (RIB) method to provide refuge insect populations for Bt corn resistance management. We found that pollen movement in RIBs resulted in majority refuge kernels to express Bt proteins. Bt protein expression in the refuge corn kernels significantly affected larval survival and development of corn earworm (CEW). However, the effect observed in 10-30% refuge was considerably less than that of the 5% RIB. If the reproduction of the CEW adults derived from the contaminated ears is not dramatically affected, we believe that 10-30% refuge size might be effective to provide CEW refuge populations for resistance management. 14. Two greenhouse trials were conducted to evaluate the survival and plant injury of five fall armyworm populations on four non-Bt and seven Bt corn hybrids. These insect populations were one Cry1A.105-susceptible, two Cry1A.105-resistant, and two Cry1A.105-heterozygous genotypes. The results showed that survival and plant injury on Cry1F plants were similar to those observed on the Cry1A.105 plants. Cry1Ab corn was ineffective against all five insect populations. In contrast, few live larvae and little leaf injury were observed on Cry2Ab2 corn and the three pyramided Bt corn products. The results demonstrated that the two resistant populations were highly resistant to Cry1A.105 plants and both were highly cross-resistant to Cry1F, but not to Cry2Ab2. Bt corn hybrids that contain one of the three pyramided traits were effective for managing the Cry1A.105-resistant fall armyworm. Information generated from this project has provided valuable knowledge for developing better resistance management strategies to ensure the sustainable use of Bt corn. Several collaborative research projects have been established to develop better Bt corn technologies for managing the major lepidopteran targets of Bt corn including corn borers, fall armyworm and corn earworm. Data generated from this research has become an integral part of an advanced graduate course, which has been offered at LSU. Results from this project have been presented at many local, regional, national, and international meetings. More than 30 manuscripts and three book chapters have been published. Two Ph.D. and three M.S. students who were partially supported by this project successfully graduated. Our presentations and publications related to the project have been reported in several news media including two in November 2014 (EntomologyToday and Reuters). During the five years, at least 17 awards of my group were related to this project (14 student- and 3 faculty-awards) including the 2014 graduate scholarship award from the Louisiana Agricultural Consultants Association, the 2013 ESA Award for Excellence in Integrated Pest Management from ESA-SEB, the 2011 G.H. Seed Research Excellence Award from LSU AgCenter.
Publications
- Type:
Books
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Huang, F. 2015. Resistance management for Bt corn and above-ground lepidopteran targets in the United States: from single gene to pyramided traits. In Bt resistance mechanisms and strategies for preserving effectiveness , ed by M. Soberon, Y. Gao and A. Bravo. CABI. 173-185.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Dangal, V. and F. Huang. 2015. Inheritance of cry1f resistance in two populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda collected from Puerto Rico and Florida. 2015 USDA NC-205 Annual Reports. (e-file).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Huang, F., J.A. Qureshi, G.P. Headc, B. R. Leonard, R. Levy, F. Yang, Y. Niu. 2015. Frequency of resistance alleles to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 in Louisiana and Florida populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. USDA NC-205 Annual Reports. (e-file).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Huang, F. 2015. Challenges of managing resistance fall armyworm to Bt crops. 2015 Annual Meeting of Entomological Society of America. Nov. 15-18, Minneapolis, MN.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Huang, F. 2015. Diverse resistance mechanisms to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn in lepidopteran targets. The 5th International Symposium on Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Guangzhou, China. Jun 15-18, 2015.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Buntin, G.D., X. Ni, and F. Huang. 2015. Sap beetle populations and damage in Bt field corn. The 89th Annual Meeting of Southeastern Branch, Entomological Society of America. March 15-18, Biloxi, Mississippi.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Yang, G., G.P. Head, F. Yang, and Y. Niu. 2015. Cross-resistance of Cry1A.105 resistance in fall armyworm to other five individual Bt proteins. The 89th Annual Meeting of Southeastern Branch, Entomological Society of America. March 15-18, Biloxi, Mississippi
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Yang, Fei., Chen, K.J. Anilkumar, B. McNuity, F. Yang, Y. Niu, G. Yang, and D. Kerns. 2015. Genetic analysis of two Cry1Ab-resistant populations of sugarcane borer. The 89th Annual Meeting of Southeastern Branch, Entomological Society of America. March 15-18, Biloxi, Mississippi
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Huang, F., M. Chen, K.J. Anilkumar, B. McNuity, F. Yang, and Y. Niu. 2015. Characterization of Cry2Ab2 resistance in Diatraea saccharalis. The 89th Annual Meeting of Southeastern Branch, Entomological Society of America. March 15-18, Biloxi, Mississippi
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Niu, Y., G.P. Head, F. Yand, G.Q. Yang, and F. Huang. 2015. Larval survival and plant injury of Cry1A.105-selected fall armyworm on transgenic corn containing single or pyramided Bt genes. The 89th Annual Meeting of Southeastern Branch, Entomological Society of America. March 15-18, Biloxi, Mississippi
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tabashnik, B.E., M. Zhang, J.A. Fabrick, Y. Wu, M. Gao, F. Huang, J. Wei1, J. Zhang, A. Yelich, G.C. Unnithan, A. Bravo, M. Sober�n, Y. Carri�re, and X. Li. 2015. Dual mode of action of Bt proteins: protoxin efficacy against resistant insects. Scientific Reports. 5:15107, DOL:10.1038/srep15107.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Zhu, Y-C., C.A. Blanco, M. Portilla, J. Adamczyk, R. Luttrell, and F. Huang. 2015. Evidence of multiple/cross resistance development to Bt and organophosphate insecticides in Puerto Rico population of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 122:15-21.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Reisig, D., S. Akin, J.N. All, R.T. Bessin, M.J. Brewer, D.G. Buntin, A.L. Catchot, D. Cook, K.L. Flanders, F. Huang, D.W. Johnson, B.R. Leonard, P.J. McLeod, R.P. Porter, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, K.V. Tindall, S.D. Stewart, N.N. Troxclair, R.R. Youngman, and M.E. Rice. 2015. Lepidopteran injury to corn containing single and pyramided Bt traits, and Blended or block refuge blend, in the southern United States. J. Econ. Entomol. 108: 157-165.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Dangal V., and F. Huang. 2015. Fitness costs of Cry1F resistance in two populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), collected from Puerto Rico and Florida. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 127:81-86.
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Crop growers, agricultural consultants, seed company representatives, Extension specialists, research scientists and regulators. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Four graduate students, two PhD and two m.s. students, worked on the project during 2014. Two M.S. and one PhD students who were partially supported by this project successfully graduated. In addition, five undergraduate and graduate students also were involved in the activities supported by the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results generated from the project have been disseminated to communities of interests through grower and industrial meetings, newsletters, presentations at local, regional, national, and international meetings, and publications as proceedings of conferences and referred journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue to address the objectives listed for the FY in the project. Continue to evaluate susceptibility of sugarcane borer, fall armyworm, and corn earworm to different Bt toxins to determine the cross resistance pattern. Monitor Bt resistance allele frequencies in sugarcane borer, fall armyworm and corn ear worm in the southern region to verify if the frequencies are low enough to ensure the success of the "high does/refuge" resistance management strategy. As a senior author or corresponding author, write and submit at least three manuscripts to peer-reviewed scientific journals. Attend and present research results in local, regional, national, and international professional meetings. Supervise laboratory technicians, students, and visiting scientists in their research.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
IN 2013-2014, we characterized the inheritance and fitness costs of Cry1F resistance in two fall armyworm populations collected from Puerto Rico (RR-PR) and Florida (RR-FL). To determine the inheritance of the resistance, besides RR-PR, RR-FL, and a Cry1F-susceptible population (Bt-SS), 14 other populations were developed by reciprocal crosses, F1 x F1, backcrosses, and crosses between RR-PR and RR-FL. Diet-incorporated bioassays determined the Cry1F susceptibility for all 17 populations. To assess the fitness costs of the resistance, seven insect populations were assayed on a non-toxic diet as well as non-Bt corn leaf tissue and non-Bt diet. The seven populations were RR-PR, RR-FL, Bt-SS, and four F1 populations developed from the reciprocal crosses between Bt-SS and the two resistant populations. The results suggested the possibility of a different genetic basis for the Cry1F resistance between the Puerto Rico and Florida populations. The Cry1F resistance in RR-PR was likely inherited in more thanone recessive or incompletely recessive genes. The genes associated with the resistance were sex-linked to the males of the insect. In contrast, the resistance in RR-FL was dominant and more likely controlled by autosomal genes. Cry1F resistance in both resistant populations was associated with considerable fitness costs, especially for the Florida population. Fitness costs in the Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm included reduced growth, increased mortality, and delayed development. Data generated from this study should be valuable in understanding the mechanisms of Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm and developing effective strategies for resistance management. In 2014, Bt protein expression, insect survival and development were evaluated in five planting patterns of seed mixtures of non-Bt corn and Bt corn containing SmartStax traits: 1) pure stand Bt corn; 2) pure stand non-Bt corn; 3) 90: 10% seed mixed (RIB) planting; 4) 80: 20% RIB planting; and 5) 70: 30% RIB planting. Cross-pollination in the three RIBs caused ≥90% of refuge kernels to express ≥ one Bt proteins. On refuge ears, 16.1 and 18.1% of neonates developed to the adult stage in the 90: 10% and 80: 20% RIBs, respectively, which were significantly less than the survivorship (31.4%) on ears of the pure non-Bt plantings. However, 26.0% neonates in the 70: 30% RIB developed to adults, which was not significantly different from the value observed in the pure non-Bt planting. Results from this study suggest that a greater (e.g. 30%) refuge size might be effective to provide refuge populations of corn earworm for resistance management.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Huang, F., J.A. Qureshi, R.L. Meagher Jr., D.D. Reisig, G.P. Head, D.A. Andow, X. Ni, D. Kerns, G.D. Buntin, Y. Niu, F. Yang, and V. Dangal. 2014. Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLosOne 9(11): e112958. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112958
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Kang, J., F. Huang, and D. W. Onstad. 2014. Modeling evolution of resistance of sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to transgenic Bt corn. Environ. Entomol. 43:1084-1104.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Zhang, L., B.R. Leonard, M. Chen, T. Clark, A. Konasale, and F. Huang. 2014. Fitness and stability of Cry1Ab resistance in sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 117:26-32.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Yang, F., D.L. Kerns, G.P. Head, B.R. Leonard, R. Levy, Y. Niu, and F. Huang. 2014. Risk assessment of seed mixture refuge strategy: a case study of corn earworm. USDA NC-205 Annual Reports. (e-file).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Dangal, V., F. Yang, Y. Niu, J.A. Qureshi, R. Meagher, and F. Huang. 2014. Inheritance of Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm. USDA NC-205 Annual Reports. (e-file).
|
Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Crop growers, agricultural consultants, seed company representatives, Extension specialists, research scientists and regulators Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Three graduate students, one PhD and two master students, worked on the project during 2013. In addition, four other undergraduate and graduate students were also involved in the activities supported by the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results generated from the project have been disseminated to communities of interests through grower and industrial meetings, newsletters, presentations at local, regional, national, and international meetings, and publications as proceedings of conferences and referred journals. Results of this study have been reported at the annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America in Austin, TX as well as at several regional, industrial, and grower meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Inheritance of Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm (FAW)was assessed in two populations collected from Puerto Rico and Florida. Mortality on Cry1F-treated diet and on Cry1F corn leaf tissue varied among F1 hybrid populations, suggesting the Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm may not be autosomal. Effective dominance level based on leaf tissue bioassays ranged from 0.21 to 0.98, indicating that Cry1F resistance in FAW was incompletely recessive to dominant on Cry1F corn leaf tissue. Fitness of seven sugarcane borer genotypes was assayed on non-toxic diet, which included a Cry1Ab-susceptible strain, two Cry1Ab-resistant strains, and four F1 hybrids. The overall performance of the two resistant strains and the four F1 genotypes was either similar or better than the susceptible population for all biological parameters measured, suggesting lack of fitness costs from the Cry1Ab resistance in both Cry1Ab-resistant strains. In addition, resistance stability was evaluated by measuring the Cry1Ab susceptibility of the two resistant strains in absence of selection pressure. Diet bioassays showed that larval mortality of the two resistant strains did not significantly increase after selection pressure was removed for 16 generations across all Cry1Ab concentrations. Cry1Ab resistance in both resistant strains proved stable in absence of selection. The results will provide valuable information on assessing resistance risk and developing effective management strategies for the sustainable use of Bt corn technology. Field performance of four Bt corn traits including Herculex I containing a single Cry1F protein, VT Double Pro containing pyramided genes of Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2, SmartStax containing pyramided genes of Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1F, and Viptera 3111 containing pyramided genes of Vip3A and Cry1Ab was evaluated against natural fall army worm (FAW)populations in Collier County, Florida.The non Bt corn hybrids and Herculex I plants were heavily damaged by FAW, while no or little plant damage was observed in the three pyramided Bt corn hybrids. The results confirmed a previous report that FAW resistance to Cry1F corn has already occurred in Florida. Pyramided Bt corn lines could overcome Cry1F resistance in FAW and provide a means for managing this resistance. Information generated from this project has been reviewed by US EPA as a suspected case of field resistance to Bt corn in the mainland United States.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Zhang, L., B.R. Leonard, M. Chen, T. Clark, A. Konasale, and F. Huang. Fitness and stability of Cry1Ab resistance in sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Nansen, C., L.D. Geremias, Y. Xue, F. Huang, and J.R. Parra. 2013. Agricultural case studies of classification accuracy, spectral resolution, and model over-fitting. Appl. Spectrosc. 67:1332-8.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Sek Yee Tan, S.Y, B. Cayabyab, E. Alcantara, F. Huang, K. He, K. Nickerson, B. Siegfried. 2013. Comparative binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab and Cry1F Toxins in Ostrinia nubilalis, Ostrinia furnacalis and Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 114:234-240.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Yang, Y., Y.-C. Zhu, Y-C., J. Ottea1, C. Husseneder, B. R. Leonard, C. Abel, R, Luttrell, and F. Huang. 2013. Characterization and mRNA quantitative analyses of cDNAs encoding three trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteinases in Cry1Ab-susceptible and -resistant strains of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis. Insect Science. 20:485-496.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Zhang, L., F. Huang, B. R. Leonard, M. Chen, T. Clark, Y. C. Zhu, D. S. Wangila, F. Yang, and Y. Niu. 2013. Susceptibility of Cry1Ab maize.-resistant and susceptible strains of sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to four Individual Cry proteins. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 112:267-272.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Yang, F., J.A. Qureshi, B.R. Leonard, G.P. Head, Y. Niu, and F. Huang. 2013. Susceptibility of field populations of fall armyworm collected in Louisiana and Florida to pyramided Bt maize containing Genuity VT double Pro and SmartStax traits. USDA NC-205 Annual Reports.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Yang, F., F. Huang, J. A. Qureshi, B.R. Leonard, Y. Niu, L. Zhang, and D.S.Wangila. 2013. Susceptibility of Louisiana and Florida populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to transgenic Agrisure Viptera 3111 maize. USDA NC-205 Annual Reports. (e-file).
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Two refereed papers were published. Two conference proceedings were published. Suspected field resistance of fall armyworm populations to Cry1F corn was verified. A report of this finding has been sent to US EPA for comments. Novel Bt corn technologies that can overcome Cry1F resistance in FAW have been identified. PARTICIPANTS: F. Huang (PI), B. Roger Leonard, Mukti Ghimire, Sindani D. Wangila, Yunlong Yang, Fei Yang, Niu Yang, LSU AgCenter; Roy Parker. Texas A&M University, Texas; Jack L. Baldwin. Steve Moore. Don Cook. Mississippi State University, Mississippi Donna R. Lee. LSU AgCenter Chris Davas. Department of Entomology, Mississippi State University. TARGET AUDIENCES: Corn growers, agricultural consultants, seed company representatives, extension specialists, research scientists and regulator agencies. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Six strains of sugarcane borer (SCB) were established from six single-pair F2 families possessing major resistance alleles to Cry1Ab maize. Bt susceptibility of the six strains was compared with that of known Cry1Ab-susceptible and -resistant strains. At least two of the six strains demonstrated a similar level of resistance to Cry1Ab as shown in the known Cry1Ab-resistant strain, while resistance levels were relatively lower for other strains. All the six strains were highly cross-resistant to Cry1Aa and Cry1Ac, but only with a low level to Cry1F. The resistance to Cry1Ab maize in the six strains is a result of resistance to the Cry1Ab protein in the plants. The low level of cross-resistance between Cry1A and Cry1F suggests that pyramiding these two types of Bt proteins into a plant could be a good strategy for managing SCB. During 2011-2012, larval survival of fall armyworm (FAW) to purified Cry1F protein and corn leaf tissue of seven Bt corn hybrids and five non-Bt corn hybrids was evaluated. The seven Bt corn hybrids represent five Bt corn traits, which contain more than one pyramided Bt genes. The original Florida (FL) and Puerto Rico (PR) FAW populations were collected from corn fields in 2011. Diet-incorporation bioassays showed that the FL strain was susceptible to Cry1F protein with a LC50 value of 0.13-0.23 ug per g, while PR was highly resistant to Cry1F protein (greater than 137-fold). It was susceptible to all seven Bt corn hybrids with a 7-day mortality of greater than 95%, while the PR and a backcrossed and reselected population, Cry1F-RR, were highly resistant to Cry1F corn leaf tissue. The resistance was recessive or incompletely recessive. All five populations of FAW could not survive on Viptera 3111, suggesting this Bt corn trait can completely overcome the resistance and thus should provide a means of managing Cry1F resistance in S. frugiperda. However, Cry1F-RR exhibited a significant cross-resistance to the leaf tissue of the other three pyramided Bt corn traits. The possible cross-resistance between single-gene and pyramided Bt corn products suggest that careful selection of Bt genes is essential in use of gene pyramiding strategy for resistance management. Susceptibility of seven field FAW populations collected from Louisiana, Florida, and Georgia to purified Cry1F protein was evaluated in the laboratory. Results of the laboratory bioassays showed that, compared to a laboratory susceptible strain, six of the seven populations demonstrated significantly lower susceptibility to the Cry1F protein. Field evaluations in Florida showed that FAW survived on Cry1F corn plants and caused significant leaf injury, but the level of leaf injury on Cry1F corn was significant less than that on non-Bt corn plants.
Publications
- Yang, Y., Y.-C. Zhu, Y-C., J. Ottea1, C. Husseneder, B. R. Leonard, C. Abel, R, Luttrell, and F. Huang. 2012. Characterization and mRNA quantitative analyses of cDNAs encoding three trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteinases in Cry1Ab-susceptible and -resistant strains of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis. Insect Science. DOI 10.1111j.17-44.
- Bai, Y., R.Yan, G. Ye, F. Huang, D.S. Wangila, J. Wang, and J. Cheng. 2012. Field response of aboveground non-target arthropod community to transgenic Bt-Cry1Ab rice plant residues in postharvest seasons. Transgenic Res. 21:1023-1032.
- F. Huang, J. A. Qureshi, N. Ying, F. Yang, D. Andow, B.R. Leonard, R.L. Meagher Jr, R. Levy, and L. Zhang, and S.D. Wangila. 2012. Compelling evidence of resistance to Cry1F corn in fall armyworm collected from south Florida. A report to US EPA.
- Huang, F., M.N. Ghimire, B.R. Leonard, C. Daves, R. Levy. 2012. Area-wide monitoring of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab maize in Diatraea saccharalis (Abstract in CD). XXIV International Congress of Entomology. Aug. 19-25, 2012. Daegu, Korea.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The results of this project produced three refereed papers, two conference proceedings, and identification of several potential resistance strains of fall armyworm (FAW) to pyramided Bt corn. In addition, novel Bt corn technologies that can overcome Cry1F resistance in FAW have been characterized. PARTICIPANTS: Fangang Huang (PI), J. Baldwin, M. Ghimire, S.D. Wangila, Y. Yang, F. Yang, N. Yang, LSU AgCenter; R. Parker, Texas Agrilife Extension; D. Cook, Mississippi State University. TARGET AUDIENCES: Crop production industry, agricultural consultants, seed company representatives, Extension specialists, research scientists and regulators PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Laboratory bioassays determined the relative susceptibility of two sugarcane borer (SCB) populations collected from non-Bt and Bt corn plants containing SmartStax traits to five individual Cry proteins. The five Bt proteins included two proteins (Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2) that were expressed in SmartStax corn plants and three other common Bt proteins (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Ac) that were not expressed in SmartStax. Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 LC50 values for the SCB population that originated from Bt plants were 3.55- and 1.34-fold greater, respectively, than those of the population collected from non-Bt plants. In contrast, relative to the SCB population from non-Bt plants, the LC50s of the population sampled from Bt plants were 3.85-, 2.5-, and 1.64-fold more sensitive to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Ac, respectively. The results did not provide clear evidence to conclude that the field survivorship of SCB on Bt plants was associated with resistance. Larval survival and plant injury of Cry1F-susceptible, -resistant, and -heterozygous FAW genotypes on seven commercial corn hybrids were evaluated in the greenhouse. These corn hybrids were two non-Bt and five Bt corn representing five transgenic technologies, Hercules I, Viptera, Genuity VT Double Pro, Triple Pro, and SmartStax. All pyramided Bt corn hybrids were excellent against FAW. Pyramided Bt traits can overcome Cry1F-resistance in FAW and thus offer a means for resistance management in this important corn pest. FAW is not considered a primary target of the first generation Bt corn for insect resistance management by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. These data suggest that novel pyramided Bt corn is an excellent tool for FAW control in the USA.
Publications
- Bai, Y., R. Yan, X. Ke, G. Ye, F. Huang, Y. Luo, J. Cheng. 2012. Effects of transgenic rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab protein on growth, reproduction, and superoxide dismutase activity of Folsomia candida (Collembola: Isotomidae). J. Econ. Entom. 104: 1892-1899.
- Tan, S.Y., B.F. Cayabyab, E.P. Alcantara, Y. Ibrahim, F. Huang, E. Blankenship, and B.D. Siegfried. 2011. Comparative susceptibility of Ostrinia furnacalis, Ostrinia nubilalis and Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1 toxins. Crop Protection. 30: 1184-1189.
- Li, W., X. Zhang, Z. Fan, B. Yue, F. Huang, E. King, and J. Ran. 2011. Structural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). USDA NC-205 Annual Reports. (in CD).
- Huang, F., M.N. Ghimire, B.R. Leonard, J. Wang, C. Daves, R. Levy, D. Cook, G. P. Head, Y. Yang, J. Temple, and R. Ferguson. 2011. F2 screening for resistance to pyramided Bacillus thuringiensis maize in Louisiana and Mississippi populations of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). USDA NC-205 Annual Reports. (in CD).
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Progress 10/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Two conference proceedings were published. Results of this project were presented at The Louisiana Soybean and Grain Research and Promotion Board meeting, and USDA NC-205 meeting. PARTICIPANTS: B. Roger Leonard. Northeast Research Station and Department of Entomology, LSU AgCenter Roy Parker. Texas A&M University, Texas Jack L. Baldwin. Department of Entomology, LSU AgCenter, Louisiana Steve Moore. Dean Lee Research Station, LSU AgCenter, Louisiana Don Cook. Department of Entomology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi Donna R. Lee. East Carroll Parish, LSU AgCenter Chris Davas. Department of Entomology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi Mukti Ghimire. Department of Entomology, LSU AgCenter Sindani D. Wangila. Department of Entomology, LSU AgCenter Yunlong Yang. PhD student, Department of Entomology, LSU A&M and LSU AgCenter TARGET AUDIENCES: Crop growers, agricultural consultants, seed company representatives, Extension specialists, research scientists and regulators PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Voliam Xpress and other for commonly used insecticides were evaluated for CEW management on sweet corn during 2009 and 2010. Compared with the non-treated control, the number of CEW larvae per ear and length of ear damage were not significantly reduced for all insecticide treated plots. Percentage of marketable ears was low (< 13%) for all treatments because of the high natural CEW populations during the two years. The results of the field trials suggested that none of these insecticide application programs provided adequate control of CEW. Corn lines/hybrids expressing Cry1Ab, Cry1F, and a conventional non-Bt cultivar were evaluated against artificial infestations of fall armyworm in field trials. Transgenic corn hybrids expressing Cry1Ab or Cry1F significantly reduced growth, development, and survivorship of fall armyworm compared with those offered non-Bt corn tissue. However, 25-76% of third instars offered Bt corn leaf tissues successfully pupated and emerged as adults. These results suggest Cry1Ab has limited effects on fall armyworm; whereas Cry1F demonstrated significant reductions in foliar injury and lower survivorship compared with on non-Bt corn tissues. Although fall armyworm is not considered a primary target for insect resistance management by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, these levels of survivorship could impact selection pressures across the farmscape, especially when considering that transgenic Bt cotton cultivars express similar Cry (Cry1Ac or Cry1F) proteins. Our data suggest that better Bt corn technologies are needed for managing fall armyworm in the USA.
Publications
- Yang, Y., J.T. Copes, B.R. Leonard, J. T. Hardke, J.W. Sharp, J.H. Temple, S. Martin, and F. Huang. 2011. Evaluation of Voliam Xpress for controlling corn earworm on sweet corn. USDA NC-205 Annual Reports. (in CD).
- Hardke, J.T., B.R.Leonard, F. Huang, and R.E. Jackson. 2011. Damage and survivorship of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on transgenic field corn expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins. USDA NC-205 Annual Reports. (in CD).
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