Progress 07/01/10 to 06/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience: Manufacturers of industrial bio-products such as lumber, crossties, pallets, and cellulosic composite materials, forest products companies Peer researchers, such as wood scientists Building professionals, architects, engineers Undergraduate and graduate students Government and state agencies 4th Graders attending the annual Wood Magic Science Fair hosted by the Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, at Mississippi State University Changes/Problems: The carbon sequestration life cycle analysis for treated wood products goal in the original proposal was altered to increase the focus on woody biomass protection systems derived from low environmental impact activities, wood sanitization processes that required less energy consumption, and/or activities that are environmentally sensitive and woody biomass inventory management systems. The “log-to-lumber” tracking/monitoring system to improve the inventory management of woody biomass had progressed to the data collection stage. The plan for establishing foundation data on how to augment woody biomass with other waste products by increasing the BTU conversion and improve emissions was not designed. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? One graduate student received a Master of Science degrees during the course of this project: Todd Johnson-May 2012. Undergraduate student workers assisted with installation of samples and data collection in field and lab settings during the course of this project: Kyle Treece, John Boswell, Jonathan Dee, and John Hoggard. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The general foundation of knowledge was documented and disseminated through annual reports, original peer reviewed journal manuscripts, poster presentation sessions, both formal and informal oral presentations, and publication of at least one Master of Science degree thesis. The breadth of the knowledge dissemination spans from 4th graders to industry representatives with high school, undergraduates, graduate students and post-doctoral students also interacting directly and indirectly. The interactions were in the form of graduate student projects leading to thesis defenses and original publications. Undergraduates worked with research associates and graduate students to prepare samples and gather data. Interactions between graduate students and post-doctoral students during project development/completion were observed. To gather needed data during project development/completion and disseminate knowledge post-data collection, phone and face-to-face interactions between the PI, graduate students and direct industry contact from Federal and State agencies and representatives were conducted. The posters and invited presentations at both trade and professional meetings and personal conversations were held with manufacturers of industrial bio-products such as lumber, crossties, pallets, and cellulosic composite materials on how best to evaluate and implement systems to address the defined challenge. Advisory sessions and general observations provided valuable information related to the overall utilization of woody biomass through wood protection, tracking and energy conversion techniques. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Historical data and literature were gathered on the woody biomass life cycle and guided the path forward which reflected the climatic conditions, design elements, ecosystems, and overall interactions of these complex elements. The implementation of integrated wood protection systems and industrial sanitation systems enhanced the ability to deter the movement of invasive species such as the Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus), emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) and other biological agents that cause economic and sociologic damage to forest inventories and wood-based structures and products. Termites and other insects are very destructive to wood-frame structures and cellulosic materials; therefore the implementation of natural insect repellents proved to be a potential solution to deter these pests from the parameter of residential and commercial structures and guide them away from these structures. Biological durability of building structures increased with the implementation of natural termite repellents into the landscape. The literature established variables that documented the ability to alter the insects’ life cycle in positive and negative ways. The data results revealed that systems consisting of elements such as pH buffers, natural oils (cedar, lemon, others) and various other elements, incorporated into a holistic approach to the biological durability of a structure, can deter termite activity and therefore, minimize the ability for premature failure of woody biomass within a habitable structure. The data also presented both choice and no-choice testing protocols (protocols designed specifically to evaluate these types of products). Many of these products or treatments havepH altering characteristics and are naturally occurring, such as cedar oil. Thesehad a negative response to termite foraging. The data results were published throughout the project progression. Through the establishment of baseline data on the interactions from a cradle-to-grave life cycle of wood-frame structures and woody biomass, the element of biomass conversion/utilization and carbon sequestration through the increased wood life cycle were explored. Testing and data collection evaluated many commonly utilized biocides such as DDAC, IBC, and Silane Quats to determine a foundation by which to expand. The products were assessed by modified and/or combinations of AWPA E4-03 and ISPM 15 standard testing protocols. The components of the system evaluated varying technologies such as GPS, RFID, Passive ID and others to find compatibility. Data was collected on the “log-to-lumber” tracking/monitoring system to improveinventory management for logs and green lumber and to encourage industry interest of woody biomass. Data generated from this work provided a foundation of knowledge that could be utilized by importers and exporters of cellulosic material, Federal and State agencies, manufacturing facilities charged with maximizing the utilization of woody biomass by increasing the resistance to cellulosic destroying organisms, effectively managing wood waste inventories to minimize logistical challenges for utilizing such material for energy generation. These areas were explored through reviews, formal discussions, meetings,and industry trends. This research provided invaluable educational information and groundwork for the graduate students working on the specific objectives of the project and also positively affected the undergraduates who were enrolled in the classes which benefited from this information as it was incorporated into their course work and curriculum as appropriate current-events topics. There were manuscripts that were published using data that was generated from this project. Publication insured that new and improved systems can be created to maximize the utilization and life cycle of this valuable renewable resource. Modified testing protocol designs provided the evaluation of additional products with targets to further increase the utilization of woody biomass inventories. The project yielded a technical basis of data which can be utilized to propel future research projects involving the education of students who will in turn work within the industry to apply these findings. Various stakeholder groups can use the information and data to change and improvesystems such as logistical, production, or transportation that would increase the utilization of the woody biomass inventory by increasing the life cycle, improved inventory management systems for wood waste, and potentially increasing the movement toward energy neutral cellulosic material manufacturing. The information generated was designed to improve the environmental performance of bio-based materials by improving the ability to mitigate moisture intrusion, lowering the toxicity and improving the long term durability and longevity of treated bio-based products and wood-frame structures.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Kitchens, S.C., Amburgey, T.L., Freeman, M., 2014, Wood preservative systems containing copper borates: Efficacy and synergy, AWPA Proceedings.Vol. #109, 2013/Honolulu, HI. Pgs 226-240
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Kitchens, S.C., Amburgey, T.L., 2014, Encapsulation systems combined with DOT borate treatments - The future of treated crossties, IRG/WP 14-40670
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Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Data generated from this work provides a foundation of knowledge that could be utilized by importers and exporters of cellulosic material, Federal and State agencies, manufacturing facilities charged with maximizing the utilization of woody biomass by increasing the resistance to cellulosic destroying organisms, effectively managing wood waste inventories to minimize logistical challenges for utilizing such material for energy generation. The knowledge may also be disseminated to manufacturers and end-users of solid wood products such as lumber producers, pallet producers, shipping companies, crate manufacturers, equipment mat producers and other common markets that utilize wood and other cellulosic products as a raw material for packaging and shipping products. With the foundation data generated from this project, various groups could utilize the utilization information to provide systems that would increase the utilization of the woody biomass inventory by increasing the life cycle, improved inventory management systems for wood waste and potentially increasing the movement toward energy neutral cellulosic material manufacturing. These enhancements will increase the ability of these domestically produced products and manufacturing facilities to compete against imports and petroleum based composites. During the course of this project various lectures to undergraduates and graduate students were presented and the foundation knowledge was disseminated in an effort to broaden the path of systems available to address the increased utilization of woody biomass and improved steps toward energy neutral manufacturing facilities. The general foundation knowledge was disseminated through poster presentations at both trade and professional meetings and face-to-face conversations were held with manufacturers of industrial bio-products such as lumber, crossties, pallets, and cellulosic composite materials on how best to evaluate and implement systems to address the defined challenge. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Both graduate and undergraduate students were involved during project development, implementation and evaluation. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? This project generated knowledge that was disseminated through communication mediums such as peer reviewed journals, invited presentations to trade and professional meetings, direct industry contact, face-to-face conversations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continued efforts will be made to expand the goals of the project though foundation research and demonstration projects. Industry interaction will be expanded in an effort to address the needs of the cellulosic manufacturing facilities to better understand the logistical and environmental challenges that need to be addressed for the implementation of more energy neutral manufacturing within this industry sector.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The objectives of this project as defined above have been addressed in various forms through research projects and tasks which were designed and directed by the PI. These projects included work performed by graduate students, undergraduate students and research associates. The breath of the knowledge dissemination spans from 4th graders to industry representatives with high school, undergraduate, graduate students and post-doctoral students also interacting directly and indirectly. The interactions were in the form of graduate student projects leading to thesis defenses and original publications, undergraduates working with research associates and graduate students to prepare samples and gather data, interactions between graduate students and post-doctoral students during project development, and phone and face-to-face interactions between PI, graduate student and industry representatives to gather needs during project development and disseminate knowledge post-data collection. The body of knowledge continues to be documented and disseminated through annual reports, original peer reviewed manuscripts, poster presentations, and both formal and informal oral presentations. The project is yielding foundation data which can be utilized to propel future research projects in this area and modified testing protocol designs provide future products to be evaluated for the ability to increase the utilization of woody biomass inventories. The carbon sequestration life cycle analysis for treated wood products goal in the original proposal has been altered to increase the focus on woody biomass protection systems derived from low environmental impact actives, wood sanitization processes that require less energy consumption and/or actives that are more environmentally sensitive and woody biomass inventory management systems.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Kitchens, S.C. and T. L. Amburgey. 2013. The Effects of Borate and Creosote Treatments on the Resistance Properties of Wooden Crossties. AWPA Proceedings Honolulu, Hawaii.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
" S.C. Kitchens, J. Dahlen, T. E. Johnson. 2013. Reducing the Susceptibility of Heat Treated Sweetgum (Liquidambar Styraciflua) and Southern Pine (Pinus SPP.) to Surface Mold Colonization byIincorporating Traditional Biocide Systems. SWST
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
" N.S. Little, N.A. Blount, A.J. Londo, S.C. Kitchens, T.E. McConnell, and J.J. Riggins. 2012, Preference of Formosan Subterranean Termites for Blue-Stained Southern Yellow Pine Sapwood. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105(5);1640-1644.2012
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Kitchens, S.C. and T.L. Amburgey. 2013. Minimizing Flood-Related Damage to Homes in Flood-Prone Regions. Tree Talk. Vol. 36, Issue 2. Pp. 28-29.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Demirel, S., J.Zhang, P.D. Jones, S.C. Kitchens, W.V. Martin. 2012. Face Laterial Shear Capacity of Stapled Joints in Oriented Strandboard. Forest Products Journal. Accepted
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This annual report covers the period of October 1, 2011 to December, 31, 2012. This project continues to move forward with the collection of information on procedures and systems to increase the life cycle of woody biomass through integrated protection systems. Several manuscripts are in progress, review, or published relating to these integrated wood protection systems. The wood sanitization projects have progressed and a thesis has been published on data collected during this project relating to the interaction of many commonly utilized biocides such as DDAC, IBC, and Silane Quats to determine a foundation by which to expand the concept of wood sanitation on industrial wood-based products. The products were evaluated by modified and/or combinations of AWPA E4-03 and ISPM 15 standard testing protocols. The tracking/monitoring inventory management objective continues to be evaluated in an attempt to determine the best path forward to achieve the most efficient and effective system available. While the overall concept can be understood, the components of the system are complex and work continues to evaluate the varying technologies such as GPS, RFID, Passive ID and others. Content that has been generated such as the increased hydrophobing data has been incorporated in both graduate and undergraduate courses in an attempt to disseminate the knowledge as foundations for future work. PARTICIPANTS: Graduate students participated in all aspects of the project. Todd Johnson graduated in 2012 with MS degree and he was instrumental in developing some of the foundation data on increasing the hydrophobicity of bioproducts. Along with the principal investigator, research assistants, an emeritus professor, industrial cooperators, and other entities cooperated as partners during this duration of the current project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Importers and exporters, forest products companies, peer researchers, trade organizations, building professionals, architects, wood scientists and other related industrial personnel. The information generated is designed to improve the environmental performance of bio- based materials by improving the ability to mitigate moisture intrusion, lowering the toxicity and improving the long term durability and longevity of treated bio-based products and wood-frame structures. By increasing the efficiency of these final products the natural resource utilization can be maximized. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Outcomes: Information continues to be gathered as it relates to the woody biomass life cycle. This information is critical in insuring that new and improved systems are created to maximize the utilization and life cycle of this valuable renewable resource. The complex elements form a palate by which variables such as climatic conditions, design elements, ecosystems, and overall interactions of such variables have the ability to alter this life cycle in positive and negative ways The implementation of integrated wood protections systems and industrial sanitation systems will enhance the ability to detour the movement of invasive species such as the Formosan termite, emerald ash borer and other biological agents that cause economic and sociologic damage to forest inventories and wood-based structures and products. Natural insect repellents have shown the ability to be implemented as a part of the total protection systems and are a potential solution to detour these pests from the parameter of residential and commercial structures. The initial data reveals that systems consisting of elements such as pH buffers, natural oils (cedar, lemon, others) and various other elements incorporated into a holistic approach to the biological durability of a structure can detour termite activity and therefore minimize the ability for premature failure of woody biomass within a habitable structure. Protocols have been created to evaluate these types of elements and work continues to hone these protocols in manner by which they can someday be introduced as industry standard evaluation practices. Through the establishment of baseline data on the interactions from a cradle to grave life cycle of wood-frame structures and woody biomass, the element of biomass conversion/utilization and carbon sequestration through the increased wood life cycle continue to be explored. These are complex elements with many variables associated with generating data. These areas have been explored through reviews, discussions and industry trends. Impacts: The forward movement toward the objectives of this project continue to provide updated knowledge base on the various elements that effect the life cycle of woody biomass and the work of graduate students who provide invaluable information assist in transferring the knowledge to undergraduates who are enrolled in the classes where this knowledge is incorporated into the curriculum. There are manuscripts in progress, review and several have been published from data generated from this project. A technical foundation on which woody biomass protection and utilization projects can be expanded is being formed for future students and researches to glean from.
Publications
- Kitchens, S.C., T.E. Johnson. 2012. Phytosanitation of Wood Packaging: Opportunities for Residual Organism Control. BioResources. Submitted In Review
- Johnson, T.E., S.C. Kitchens and T.L. Amburgey. 2012. A continuation study of the response of subterranean termites to organosilane treated wood wafers: Coptotermes formosanus.Sociobiology 59(4):1-6.
- Johnson, T.E., S.C. Kitchen, J. Dahlen. 2012. Reducing the Susceptibility of Heat Treated Sweetgum (Liquidambar Styraciflua) and Southern Pine (Pinus SPP.) to Surface Mold Colonization by incorporating Traditional Biocide Systems. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. Submitted In Review
- Kitchens, S.C., T.E. Johnson. 2012. Phytosanitation of Wood Packaging and Shipping Material: Are there opportunities for providing residual control. Proceedings, American Wood Protection Association. Accepted
- Johnson, T. E. 2012. Enhancing the residual efficacy of wood phytosanitation using a silane. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, M.S. Thesis, 97p
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Progress 01/01/11 to 09/03/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Progress is being made on the collection of information on procedures and systems to increase the life cycle of wood biomass through integrated protection systems. A manuscript is currently being reviewed that addresses the biological durability of structures and how the holistic interactions between the different elements affect the life cycle of the wood-framed structure. The wood sanitization projects are progressing with initial data being generated partially by a graduate student master's project. The initial data collection has been the evaluation of many commonly utilized biocides such as DDAC, IBC, and Silane Quats to determine a foundation by which to expand. The initial data is promising and follow up projects are in progress to determine the next step. The products have been evaluated by modified and/or combinations of AWPA E4-03 and ISPM 15 standard testing protocols. Initial data has been gathered on the tracking/monitoring inventory management element and industry interest is being gathered to determine the benefits needed to achieve the goals and objectives. The electronic components are quiet complex and substantial time is needed to properly design and evaluate multiple element prototype products. Graduate student projects, both MS and PhD, are providing valuable information needed to establish the solid foundation for this project. An undergraduate course and graduate course have been taught with content from this project included. Graduate and undergraduate students have been mentored in areas of wood protection and inventory management systems. Advisory sessions and general observations are providing valuable information as it relates to the overall utilization of woody biomass through wood protection, tracking and energy conversion techniques. PARTICIPANTS: Shane C. Kitchens PI and Todd Johnson Graduate Student TARGET AUDIENCES: By leveraging our knowledge, we are interacting directly with industry, government and state agencies, and individuals to research and evaluate implementation methods for the data collected during this project PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Historical data has been gathered on the woody biomass life cycle to ensure the path forward which reflects the climatic conditions, design elements, ecosystems, and overall interactions of the complex elements. Termites are very destructive to wood-frame structures and cellulosic materials. The implementation of natural insect repellents is proving to be a potential solution to detour these pests from the parameter of residential and commercial structures. Preliminary data shows through both choice and no-choice testing protocols (protocols designed specifically to evaluate these types of products) that many of the preliminary pH altering and naturally occurring products such as cedar oil have a negative response to termite foraging. The preliminary data will be published and more data will be collected as the project progresses. By establishing the interactions from a cradle to grave life cycle of wood-frame structures and woody biomass, the element of biomass conversion/utilization and carbon sequestration through the increased wood life cycle have been explored. These are complex elements with many variables associated with generating data. These areas have been explored through reviews, discussions and industry trends. Impacts: This project is providing an educational foundation for the graduate students working on specific elements of the project and also affecting the undergraduates who are enrolled in the classes which benefit from the information being collected. There are several manuscripts in progress and will be published once the overall project reaches maturity. It is also providing a technical foundation on which woody biomass protection and utilization projects can be expanded.
Publications
- Kitchens, S.C., Shmulsky, R., Barnes, H.M., 2011. Assessment for Forest Products Undergraduate Education in the United States. Wood and Fiber Science, 43(1), 2011, pp. 92-94.
- Johnson, T.E., Kitchens, S.C., and Amburgey, T.L., 2011. Observed color phenomena and behavioral abnormalities of Reticulitermes spp. in AWPA E1-09 standard laboratory termite test. Sociobiology 58(1): 9-15
- Jones, P.D., Shmulsky, R., Kitchens, S.C., and Barnes, H.M., 2011. What is Salt Killed Wood. Mississippi State University Extension Publication 2662. POD-03-11.
- Saeed, K.L., Borazjani, H., Nicholas, D.D., Prewitt, M.L., Diehl, S.V., Kitchens, S.C., 2011. Remediation of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in Biodiesel versus Diesel Carriers. IRG/WP 11-50279.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Work has begun to collect additional information on procedures and systems to increase the life cycle of wood products through integrated protection systems. Graduate students projects are providing valuable information needed to establish the solid foundation for this project. An undergraduate course and graduate course have been taught with content from this project included. Graduate and undergraduate students have been mentored in areas of wood protection and inventory management systems. Several field observations and advisory sessions were completed at manufacturing facilities in an attempt to collect relevant information as it relates to the objectives and goals of the project. PARTICIPANTS: Shane C. Kitchens PI Todd Johnson Graduate Student TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project is in the early stages of discovery and continues to progress per the projected timetable.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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