Source: FOREST AND WILDLIFE RES CENTER submitted to NRP
2010 WOOD UTILIZATION RESEARCH PROGRAM
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
SPECIAL GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0221732
Grant No.
2010-34158-20895
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
2010-02001
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2010
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2013
Grant Year
2010
Program Code
[BB]- Wood Utilization (AK, ID, ME, MI, MN, MS, NC, OR, TN, WV)
Recipient Organization
FOREST AND WILDLIFE RES CENTER
(N/A)
MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762
Performing Department
Forest Products
Non Technical Summary
The American wood products manufacturing industry is increasingly challenged in the global marketplace, leading to a significant loss of employment, especially in rural communities, and an underutilization of forest resources. Identifying, developing and communicating innovations in product, process, marketing, and business practices will improve value recovery, enhance productivity, and reduce manufacturing costs. Developing new wood-based products and bioenergy from under-utilized forest resources will help the nation meet its need for sustainable energy and building materials while providing employment for rural communities. Improved sustainability of forest operations and wood product manufacturing will avoid the need for regulation and policy making processes that can lead to reduced access to wood supply and unnecessary manufacturing costs. Increasing the service life of wood products in residential and commercial construction and can improve and enhance market opportunities for renewable wood-based materials. This will be accomplished by improving wood product performance and by developing methods to analyze and monitor durability and service life of wood products. An abundance of under-utilized, low-value wood and post-consumer waste could contribute to the economic strength of the nation, by exploring new technologies to product marketable products from industrial residue and by products, construction and demolition debris, and other wood wastes.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
30%
Applied
50%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1230670301010%
1326110301010%
4030650104010%
5110650202030%
5110650201020%
5115340202010%
5110680200010%
Knowledge Area
511 - New and Improved Non-Food Products and Processes; 403 - Waste Disposal, Recycling, and Reuse; 132 - Weather and Climate; 123 - Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources;

Subject Of Investigation
6110 - Economy of the United States and sectors thereof; 0670 - Short rotation woody crops, including holiday trees; 0680 - Other products of the forest; 0650 - Wood and wood products; 5340 - Nonfarm structures and related facilities;

Field Of Science
2010 - Physics; 1040 - Molecular biology; 2020 - Engineering; 2000 - Chemistry; 3010 - Economics;
Goals / Objectives
MSU will conduct research, education, and outreach activities to enhance the global competitiveness of the American wood products industry, use wood to advance energy independence objectives, and enhance environmental sustainability of wood products.
Project Methods
Mississippi State University proposes research in 2010 that addresses all three of the themes in the 2006-2011 Wood Utilization Research Strategic Plan. Four sub-projects address the theme of competitiveness in a global marketplace. Sub-projects on hydrothermal liquefaction of perennial biomass feed stocks for production of transportation fuels, and factors influencing Mississippi forest landowners' attitudes and willingness to grow short rotation woody crops for bioenergy, both address competitiveness in bioenergy. A sub-project on effect of strand length on major properties of structural composite lumber seeks to help develop new products and complements MSU's ongoing work on scrim-based composites. A sub-project will investigate the impact of Hurricane Katrina on the welfare and competitiveness of the wood products industry in the southern United States. One sub-project will address environmentally acceptable operations and manufacturing by evaluating alternative sanitization methods for industrial shipping products constructed from bio-based products. Three sub-projects address efficient use of renewable wood-based materials. A sub-project will develop protocols and recommendations for evaluating the mechanical properties of flame-resistant oriented strand board. A sub-project will determine if an accelerated field ground-contact test method will give decay efficacy data that is comparable to data obtained using the standard stake field test. A sub-project will examine the fate of formaldehyde bonded wood products in landfills and evaluate the potential for its use as mulch.

Progress 09/01/10 to 08/31/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Results from this research could be of great value to researchers dealing with composite materials, chemical companies providing fire-retardant as well as modification treatments to the marketplace; producers of composite materials; design professionals; manufacturers and end-users of solid wood products such as lumber producers, manufacturers of industrial bioproducts such as crates, pallets, equipment mats, import and export companies, shipping companies, and other common markets that utilize wood as a raw material and other cellulosic materials for packaging and shipping products; interested governmental agencies such as USDA, DOE and refinery companies; homeowners; non industrial private forest landowners and softwood sawmills particularly in the southeastern US; groups who construct public use facilities; forest products industry concerned with wood preservatives; other academic and research institutions; environmental consultants; companies that have the means to produce engineered wood products in wide dimension by utilizing small diameter southern yellow pine trees; presentations to primary and secondary educational groups, meeting of both national and international professional organizations, and the general public Changes/Problems: Over the course of this project, a few challenges have arisen. The cooperative supplier of copper naphthenate, Merichem, decided to no longer supply the preservative for the research project; thus, additional stake studies were conducted using only pentachlorophenol. Evaluation of modified furnish as a feedstock for pine scrim lumber was added to this project. Panels made with the modified scrim were evaluated for mechanical properties, water absorption, thickness swelling, dynamic swelling and termite resistance. A significant issue getting a piece of equipment re-assembled and operational created a significant delay in getting appropriate raw materials for the project. The preliminary analysis of the data involving classifying landowners based on their awareness of the significance of short rotation woody crops to produce bio-fuel and bio-power, and estimate the proportion of landowners willing to grow short rotation woody crops and estimating land area potentially available for conversion to growing short rotation woody crops, and determine the relative significance of the underlying factors was inconclusive. Alternative approaches were explored. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Graduate students, both master and Ph.D. level, gained experience and training, and earned professional degrees. These students assisted in preparing and presenting at international and national conferences. This allowed them to gain exposure and meet professional and academic experts in related fields. Along with research associates, students and professors published articles and gained acknowledgement in peer reviewed journals. Winning poster presentations were designed by graduate students working on this project. Knowledge was disseminated through direct industry contact, face-to-face conversations, the internet, hosting of tour groups, public forums, and workshops. Both graduate and undergraduate students were involved during project development, implementation and evaluation. Annually the Wood Magic Science Fair brought 4th grade students, teachers, parents, industry representatives and a host of volunteers who were exposed to the technological advances and strides made by the research funded through this program. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Personal face-to-face visits, phone conversations, emails and other correspondences to research collaborators, students of all ages from primary educational institutions to Jr. Colleges and universities around the world. Presentations both national and international, poster sessions, publications in both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed mediums. Technical discussions, reports and visits to industrial contracting partners. Invited talks to local county, state and regional governmental entities including congressional hearings. Other means of web-based dissemination, such as an open access online abstract database, have also been used. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? This report serves as the final report for this research project.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A variety of research investigations were conducted that provided base information for the development of a new American Standard Testing Methods (ASTM) standard to be used by scientists and design professionals using composite materials in structural applications in buildings. The application of width adjustments in the standard will allow design personnel to better estimate design values for fire retardant treated oriented strandboard. Research conducted with southern pine scrim treated with low molecular weight melamine formaldehyde (MF), phenolic formaldehyde (PF), and furfuryl alcohol (FA) at different loadings provides the only known data on modification of pine scrim products and suggests that modification treatments will be effective in improving the properties of scrim products. Conversion of some perennial grasses (e.g. giant miscanthus) into transportation fuels in the southern US has been successful in the laboratory. Through changes in temperature, alcohol ratio and the use of different catalysts, the rate at which the conversion of biomass to fuel can be achieved was improved and the yield of crude bio-oil increased. Experimentally, two methods for upgrading this crude bio-oil were evaluated. In the conventional approach, the amount of oxygen was greatly reduced in the upgraded samples and accordingly the stability of bio-oil was increased due to reduction in compounds such as aldehydes, ketones and phenolic compounds.. In tests of a newer approach to upgrading, the raw biomass was effectively converted with high amount of esters and alkanes and lesser amounts of acids, ketones, and phenolic compounds, indicating that the upgraded bio-oil might be promising as transportation fuel. An analysis of NIPF landowners’ concerns about reliability and security of markets for biomass, conflicts with other land uses (e.g., livestock uses of pasture and marginal lands) and barriers to conversion (e.g., technical, informational and financial needs) was completed. Scientists and users of short rotation woody crops now have a better understanding of what factors determine how much land NIPF landowners would make available for conversion to grow short rotation woody crops should it become profitable to do so. These factors include reasons for owning land, having reliable information, and government mechanisms. Research addressed industrial bio-based sanitization of shipping products constructed from bio-based products. Foundation data was gathered to develop alternative phytosanitary measures as well as modified testing protocols for bio-based materials. This will allow future products to be evaluated for the ability to prevent the spreading of invasive species through the transport of cellulosic material. Knowledge gained through this research may result in alterations to the mold growth evaluation standard as published in the American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) book of standards and to update the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) to include alternative products to augment and/or replace currently accepted treatments. The heat treatment alternative has been proven but the challenges with this system are the very high energy consumption and the lack of residual treatment to protect the cellulosic product from becoming re-infested from the target organism. Wood preservation research continues to search for ways to improve the longevity of treated wood when placed in-service. Decay tests were carried out with four commercial preservatives using a lab soil block method and a non-standard accelerated post test that incorporated decayed wood feeder strips to identify specific reasons for failure. The wide range of efficacies of the current major wood preservatives may explain why there appears to be a change in early failure rate of treated wood as reported by the Executive VP of the American Wood Protection Association in 2012. Additional research is needed to discover new formulations to combat environmental changes and to assist wood preservation chemical producers in modifying existing products. When exploring the environmental impact of formaldehyde from construction woodwaste used as mulch or disposed in landfills, research investigated whether bio-augmentation with known indigenous pentachlorophenol degrading bacteria (Sphingobium chlorophenolicum and Burkholderia cepacia) could enhance remediation of pentachlorophenol. Bio-augmentation of the indigenous bacterial community with selected indigenous known pentachlorophenol degrading bacteria resulted in significant reduction in pentachlorophenol concentration and enhanced remediation of pentachlorophenol in contaminated groundwater. Bio-augmentation with known pentachlorophenol degrading bacteria may provide a more effective and economic method for remediation of pentachlorophenol contaminated groundwater. Research to evaluate if relationships exist between strand length and oriented strand lumber (OSL) produced from southern pine plantation thinnings was conducted. There, fresh thinnings were obtained and converted to strands of various geometries. While holding resin solids and density constant, one-meter square structural composite lumber blanks were produced for testing of major properties including MOE and MOR to determine if a relationship exists between strand geometry and major properties of structural composite lumber as well as what range of properties might be expected from the lumber produced. Top cuts from a utility pole manufacturer were used for making the strands used in the OSL because pole manufacturers have quality requirements that ensure that the impacts seen due to the changes in board recipes are from the recipe change and not changing raw material quality. Strands were pressed with press operations being controlled by a computer program which determined the necessity to shorten or lengthen the cycle to produce boards without failure. It was determined that longer strand lengths produce higher strength boards. Density and resin content differed. More research findings will be published. With hurricanes being common along U.S. coasts, the impact of hurricane Katrina of 2005 on the transmission between timber prices and wood product prices as well as the impact on the wood products industry was reviewed. In this study, the presence of price transmission asymmetry was assessed for the wood products sector in the southern U.S. It was determined that when adjustment path asymmetry occurs, adjustments from positive deviations take more time than from negative deviations. Along the timber supply chain, the integration in the early stage (i.e., stumpage/delivered timber price pair) was stronger than that in the latter stage (i.e., delivered/lumber price pair). Asymmetric price transmission was found along the timber supply chain. Prices were more responsive when the price margin was increased than decreased in the long term, where the degree of asymmetry varies by pair in the short term. This may indicate that the timber and lumber product markets are fairly efficient in the United States. Market participants are motived to adjust the volume of timber harvesting or lumber products swiftly when harvesting margins or processing margins increase.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Hafez, I.H., Hassan, E.M., Kim, M.G. and Steele P.H. 2012. Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Giant Miscanthus with Alcohols Co-solvent. 66th International Convention, Forest Products Society. Washington, DC. June 3-5.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Hill, JM; Barnes, HM, Sheldon, SQ, 2012, Bending Properties of FRT OSB. International Research Group on Wood Protection, Annual Meeting, May 6-11, 2012, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, IRG/WP 12-40600
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Hill, JM; Barnes, HM, 2012, Fire retardant treated oriented strandboard. Annual Meeting, Am. Wood Protection Assoc, April 29-May 3, 2012, Nashville, TN,
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Joshi, V, V., Prewitt, M, L., Borazjani, H., and Ma, D, P. 2012. Comparison of Indigenous and Selected Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Degrading Bacterial Consortiums for Remediation of PCP Contaminated Groundwater. 2012 Water Resources Conference. Poster Session. Pages 22  29.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kitchens, S.C. and T. L. Amburgey. 2013. The Effects of Borate and Creosote Treatments on the Resistance Properties of Wooden Crossties. AWPA Proceedings Honolulu, Hawaii. Accepted
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Langroodi, S., Borazjani, H., Nicholas, D.D., Prewitt, M.L., Diehl, S.V., 2012, Effect of Biodiesel on the Efficacy of Pentachlorophenol Treated Wood, IRG Proceedings, 2012. IRG/WP 12-30584. 1-16.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Prewitt, M.L., Diehl, S.V., 2012, Efficacy of Pentachlorophenol in Biodiesel versus Diesel, Forest Prod. J., 62(6):467-473
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Leng W; Barnes, HM, 2012, Comparison of properties of pine scrim lumber made from modified scrim. 55th International Convention of Society of Wood Science and Technology, August 27-31, 2012, Beijing, China (), Paper SP-10. 12 pgs.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Leng,W; Barnes, HM, 2012, Termite resistance of modified pine scrim lumber. International Research Group on Wood Protection, Annual Meeting, May 6-11, 2012, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Ning, Z. and C. Sun. 2013. Spatial price linkage between forest products markets in the South and the Pacific Northwest. In Proceedings of the 42th Annual Southern Forest Economics Workshop 2012, M.E. Aronow (ed.). Charlotte, NC. 20 p.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Ragon, K., Borazjani, H., Langroodi, S, K., and Diehl, S. 2013. Leaching Potential of selected Mississippi Soils Contaminated with Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and Chromated Copper Arsenic (CCA). IRG/WP 43rd IRG Annual Meeting, Stockholm, Sweden, June 16-20, 2013.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Schultz, T.P., Nicholas, D.D. 2012. Comparison of Fungal Efficacies of Commercial Preservatives using the E22 Soil Block, Deck/Flower Pot and Standard E7 and E8 Versus Accelerated E7 and E 8 Tests. 109th Annual American Wood Protection Association Meeting. Nashville, TN
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Shmulsky, R., Seale, R, D., Dahlen, J., and Jones, P, D. 2013. MSU Design Value Study - an accelerated look at wide dimension southern yellow pine, 2011. Presented to the American Lumber Standards Committee, January 5, 2012.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Skrobot III, F., Aglan, H., and Diehl, S, V. 2013. Communities of mold fungi on flooded building materials. IRG/WP 44th Annual Meeding, Stockholm, Sweden, 16-20 June 2013.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Steele, P, H., Yu, F., and Gajjela, S. 2011. Past, present, and future production of bio-oil. Proceedings, 2009 Conference on Woody Biomass Utilization. (2011): 17-22.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Steele, P, H., Parish, D., and Cooper, J. 2012. Demonstration Results From Greenhouse Heating with Liquified Wood. 2011 SNA Research Conference Proceedings. 56:421-428. 2011 Performance Measures.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Steele, P, H., and Gajjela, S, K. 2010. Production of zero-oxygen hydrocarbons from biomass-based bio-oil. 239th ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Akhtari, M., and Nicholas, D,D. 2013. Evaluation of particulate zinc and copper as wood preservatives for termite control. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 71:395-396.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Barnes, HM, Winandy, JE, McIntyre, CR, Jones, PD, (2010), Laboratory and field exposures of FRT plywood: Part 2- mechanical properties, Wood and Fiber Science 42(1): 30-45
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Badger, P., Badger, S., Puettmann, M., Steele, P, H., and Cooper, J. 2011. Techno-Economic Analysis: Preliminary Assessment of Pryolysis oil Production Costs and Material Energy Balance Associated with a Transportable Fast Pyrolysis System. Bioresources.com. (2011) 6(1):34-47.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Sun, C. 2012. Nonlinear lumber price transmission. The 1st International Symposium of Forest Economics. P. 191  210 in Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium of Forest Economics, Beijing Forestry University, Y. Wen (ed.). Beijing, P. R. China.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2013 Citation: Walker, K., Langroodi, S, K., and Borazjani, H. 2013. Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Creosote-Contaminated Processwater. Symposium of bioremediation and sustainable environmental technologies. (awaiting publication)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Wu, Y., Wu, Z., and Zhang, J. 2012. Preparation of cellulose micro/nano fibrils by sonochemical method and its morphological characterization. 14th Annual Conference and 3rd International Conference of the Chinese Society of Micro/Nano Technology. Hangzhou, China.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Yan, Q., Toghiani, H., Yu, F., Cai, Z., and Zhang, J. 2011. Production and Characterization of Nano-structured Carbons from Pine Chips. Proceeding of 11th International Conference on Wood & Biofiber Plastic Composites and Nanotechnology in Wood Composites Symposium. May 16-18, 2011, Madison, WI. USDA/FS FPL, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-218. Pages 54-63.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Abouyousef, H., Hassan, E, M., and Steele, P, H. 2013. Rapid Conversion of Cellulose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Single and Combined Metal Chloride Catalysts in Ionic Liquid. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology JournalVolume 41, Issue 2, 214-222
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Bhattacharya, P., Penmetsa, V., Steele, P, H., and Mitchell, G, B. 2013. Production of bio-energy feedstocks from forest understory vegetation. J. of Forest Products & Industries, 2013, 2(1):47-57.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Callicut, J, T., Kaminski, R, M., Shmulsky, R., Schummer, M, L., and Lestrade, J, P. 2012. Acoustical Comparison between Decrescendo Calls of Female Mallards and Mimicry by Humans Using Artificial Duck Calls. Wildlife Society Bulletin, DOI:10.1002/wsb.228 1-6.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dahlen, J., Jones, P, D., Seale, R, D., and Shmulsky, R. 2013. The effect of pith on stiffness and strength in southern pine No. 2 2x4 lumber. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. (accepted)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dahlen, J., Jones, P, D., Seale, R, D., and Shmulsky, R. 2013. Mill variation in bending strength and stiffness of in-grade Douglas-fir No. 2 2x4 lumber. Wood Science and Technology (2013) 47:1167-1176
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dahlen, J., Jones, P, D., Seale, R, D., and Shmulsky, R. 2013. Mill variation in bending strength and stiffness of in-grade southern pine No. 2 2x4 lumber. Wood Science and Technology (2013) 47:1153-1165
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Gajjela, S., Tanneru, S., and Steele, P, H. 2012. Novel Methods to Produce Biofuels from Bio-Oil Derived from Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass. Proceedings, American Institute of Chem. Engineering Spring Meeting & 8th Global Congress on Process Safety, April 1-5, 2012, 7 pgs.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Gu, M., Li, Q., Steele, P, H., Niu, G., and Yu, F. 2013. Growth of 'Fireworks' gomphrena grown in substrates amended with biochar. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment. Vol.11(1): 819-821.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Hafez, I.H., Hassan, E.M., Kim, M.G. 2013, Optimization of low-temperature liquefaction of giant miscanthus with ethanol-water system. (In Preparation)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Hassan, E, B., Abouyousef, H., and Steele, P, H. 2013. Increasing the Efficiency of Fast Pyrolysis Process through Sugar Yield Maximization and Separation. Fuel Processing Journal. June 2013. Volume 110 (pp65-72).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Hassan, E, M., Abouyousef, H., Steele, P,H., and El-Giar, E. 2013. Characterization of White Oak and Sweetgum Fast Pyrolysis Oils. Energy Sources. (accepted)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Jones, P, D. 2013. Forest Products Department (Brochure). 6 page tri-fold brochure created for general distribution
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Joshi, V, V., Prewitt, M, L., and Ma, D, P. 2013. Identification of Indigenous Bactrial Community in Pentachlorophenol (PCP) contaminated groundwater. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. (submitted)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Joshi, V, V., Prewitt, L., and Ma, D, P. 2013. Enhanced Remediation of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Contaminated Groundwater by Bio-augmentation with Known PCP degrading bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology. (submitted)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kasal, A, Yildirim, N., Zhang, J., Erdil, Y, Z., and Demirci, S. 2013. Effects of Material Properties and Anchorage Location on Load Bearing Capacity of Panel-Type Wall Cabinets Connected and Hanged with Screws. Wood and Fiber Science (submitted)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Kim, M, G. 2011. Renewable Poloyl-Based Polycarbamates and Polycarbamate Formaldehyde Thermosetting Resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Sciences, DOI 10.1002/app.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kitchens, S.C., J. Dahlen, T. E. Johnson. 2013. Reducing the Susceptibility of Heat,Treated Sweetgum (Liquidambar Styraciflua) and Southern Pine (Pinus SPP.) to Surface Mold Colonization by incorporating Traditional Biocide Systems.SWST. InProgress
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kitchens, S.C. and T.L. Amburgey. 2013. Minimizing Flood-Related Damage to Homes in Flood-Prone Regions. Tree Talk. Vol. 36, Issue 2. Pp. 28-29.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2012 Citation: Kitchens, S.C., T.E. Johnson. 2012. Phytosanitation of Wood Packaging: Opportunities for Residual Organism Control. BioResources. Submitted In Review
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lee, M., Mun, S, P., and Prewitt, L. 2013. Environmental Impacts of Leachate Containing Formaldehyde from Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) Buried in a Simulated Landfill. Forest Products Journal. (submitted)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lee, M., Mun, S, P., and Prewitt, L. 2013. Formaldehyde Released in Air and Leachate from Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) Buried in a Simulated Landfill. Forest Products Journal. (submitted)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Leng W; Barnes HM (2013) Effects of modification on the properties of pine scrim lumber. Proceedings, American Wood Protection Association 109: in press
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Liang, K., Shi, S, Q., Nicholas, D, D., and Sites, L, S. 2013. Accelerated weathering test of kenaf fiber unsaturated polyester sheet moulding compounds. Wood and Fiber Science 45 (1) 42-48.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Li, Q., Steele, P, H., Yu, F., Mitchell, B., and Hassan, E, M. 2013. Pyrolytic spray increases levoglucosan production during fast pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. JAAP 100(2013)33-40 ISSN 0165-2370.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Li, Q., Steele, P, H., Mitchell, B., Ingram, Jr., L, L., and Yu, F. 2013. The Addition of Water to Extract Maximum Levoglucosan from the Bio-oil Produced via Fast Pyrolysis of Pretreated Loblolly Pinewood. BioResources: 8(2), 1868-1880.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Liu, X., Zhang, J., Donohoe, J. P., and Steele, P, H. 2011. In-plane Moisture Content and Specific Gravity Evaluation of Oriented Strandboard Using Radio Frequency Technique. Forest Prod. J. (60):622-628.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Mao, A., Hassan, E, B., and Kim, M, G. 2013. Low Mole Ratio UF and UMF Resins Entailing Uron-Type Methylene-Ether Groups and their Low Formaldehyde Emission Potentials. BioResources 8(2), 2470-2486.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Mao, A., Hassan, E, B., and Kim, M, G. 2013. Investigation of the effects of adding melamine at different resin synthesis points of low mole ratio urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF) resins. BioResources Journal, July 2013. 8 (3), 4659-4675.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Mao, A., Shi, S, Q., and Steele, P, H. 2011. Flakeboard bonded with PMDI/Bio-Oil Adhesive Systems. Forest Prod. J., 61(3):240-245.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Mao, A., Hassan, E, B., and Kim, M, G. 2013. Investigation of Low Mole Ration UF and UMF Resins Aimed at Lowering the Formaldehyde Emission Potential of Wood Composite Boards. Bio Resources 8(2), 2453-2469.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Mohan, D., Sharma, R., Singh, V, K., Steele, P, H., and Pittman, C. 2012. Fluoride removal from water using bio-char, a green waste, low-cost absorbent equilibrium uptake and sorption dynamics modeling. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2012. 51:900-914.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Mohan, D., Rajput, S., Singh, V, K., Steele, P, H., and Pittman, C, U. 2011. Modeling and Evaluation of Chromium Remediation from Water Using Low-Cost Bio Char, a Green Absorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, (188):319-333.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Mun, S, P., Jang, J, P., and Kim, M, G. 2012. Effect of Pinus radiata bark Polyphenols on Phenol Liquefation of Cellulose in the Presence of p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid Catalyst. Forest Prod. J., 2012. 62(3):234-239.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Penmetsa, V, K., and Steele, P, H. 2012. Preliminary findings for the production of water proof torrefied wood pellets with pyrolysis oils. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 31:235-239, DOI: 10.1002/ep.11624.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Pittman, C, U., Mohan, D., Eseyin, A., Li, Q., Ingram, Jr., L, L., Hassan, E, M., Mitchell, B., Gou, H., and Steele, P, H. 2012. Characterization of bio-oils produced from fast pyrolysis of corn stalks in an auger reactor. Energy & Fuels, 2012. 26:3816-3825.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2013 Citation: Sukhbaatar, B., Hassan, E, M., Kim, M, G., Steele, P, H., and Ingram, Jr., L, L. 2013. Optimization of hot-compressed water pre-treatment of bagasse and characterization of the hemicelluloses isolated by membrane filtration. Carbohydrate Polymers, (In review)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Steele, P, H., Hartley, I., Cooper, J., Conners, T., and King, R. 2010. The differential thermal response of knots and clear wood following rapid heating. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 21: 30-47.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Steele, P, H., Puettmann, M, E., Penmetsa, V, K., and Cooper, J, E. 2012. Life Cycle Assessment of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Production. Forest Prod. J., 2012. 62(4):326-334.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Steele, P, H., Parish, D., and Cooper, J. 2012. Technical Note: Demonstration Results from Greenhouse Heating with Bio-oil. Forest Prod. J., 62 (6):474-479
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Sun, C. and Z. Ning. 2013. Timber restrictions, financial crisis, and price transmission in North American softwood lumber markets. Land Economics. (submitted).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Tripathi, M., Hassan, E, B., Yueh, F., Singh, J., and Steele, P, H. 2010. Study of the Effect of Ultraviolet Exposure on Bio-Oil by Laser-Induced Flourescence Spectroscopy. Energy Fuels, (24):6187-6192.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Wang, H., Srinivasan, R., Yu, F., Steele, P, H., Li, Q., and Michell, B. 2011. Effect of Acid, Alkali, and Steam Explosion Pretreatments on Characteristics of Bio-oil Produced from Pinewood. Energy & Fuels, (2011) 25:3758-3764.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Wang, H., Livingston, D., Srinivasan, R., Li, Q., Steele, P, H., and Yu, F. 2012. Detoxification and Fermentation of Pyrolic Sugar for Ethanol Production. Applied Biochemistry & Biotechnology. 2012. 168(6):1568-1583.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2013 Citation: Yang, B.Z., Seale, R.D., Dahlen, J., Shumlsky, R., Jones, P.D., 2013, Bending properties of a novel engineered composite from southern pine lumber, (under review)
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Hafez IH. 2012. Low-temperature hydrothermal liquefaction of giant miscanthus with alcohol as co-solvent. MS thesis. Forest Products Dept. College of Forest Resources. Mississippi State University, 76 pp.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Hill, J M (2011) An evaluation of laboratory manufactured fire retardant treated flakeboard. Master of Science Thesis, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS (http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10312011-151622/unrestricted/JMHThesis.pdf)
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Leng, W (2012) Comparison of properties of pine scrim lumber made from modified scrim. Master of Science Thesis, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS (http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03272012-152443/restricted/final.pdf)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Barnes, HM, Seale, RD, Linton, JM, 2010, Steam-Pressed Scrim Lumber. Annual Meeting, Society of Wood Science & Technology, Geneva, Switzerland, October 12, 2010, Proceedings Paper WS-8.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Ning, Z. 2012.Analysis of lumber price transmission in the United States. Masters thesis, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS. August 2012. 121 p. Advisor: C. Sun.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Under Review Year Published: 2013 Citation: Steen, Jaclyn, Factors influencing nonindustrial private forest landowner willingness to grow short-rotation woody crops for bioenergy in Mississippi. By Jaclyn Steen. Status: Other (under revision) Citation: None yet available NIFA Support Acknowledged: Yes (At least it will be when the thesis is completed and in subsequent refereed publications)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Wang, H., Srinivasan, R., Yu, F., Steele, P, H., Li, Q., Mitchell, B., and Samala, A. 2012. Effect of acid, steam explosion, and size reduction pretreatments on bio-oil production from sweetgum, switchgrass and corn stover. Applied Biochemistry & Biotechnology. 2012. 167:285-297.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Barnes, H, M., Sanders, M, G.,Lindsey, G, B., and Mclntyre, C, R. 2013. Evaluation of Barrier Wrap Systems After 71 months of Exposure. Proceedings, IRG/WP 13-40631 Section 4, 44th IRG Annual Meeting, Stockholm, Sweden, 16-20 June 2013.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Barnes, H, M., Sanders, M, G., Lindsey, G, B., and Mclntyre, C, R. 2013. Barrier Systems Redux. Proceedings, AWPA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Hafez, I.H., Hassan, E.M., Kim, M.G. and Steele P.H. 2011. Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Perennial Biomass Feedstocks for Production of Transportation Fuels. 31st Southern Forest Tree Improvement conference. Biloxi, MS. June 13-16.


Progress 09/01/11 to 08/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Some of the outputs include the optimization of low-temperature hydrothermal liquefaction of giant miscanthus with alcohols co-solvent. The effect of temperature, time, and water to the alcohol ratio and biomass to liquid ratio were studied. Various schedules and reactor conditions were also investigated. The yield of solid residue, bio-oil and the biomass conversion were then calculated based on the oven dry weight of biomass and expressed as percentages. With respect to water repellency, different products have been evaluated such as silane-quats, silane-quat blends, and several other industrial biocides. Some of the initial data generated from the initial stages of this project were presented at national technical meetings. Multiple fire retardant chemicals have been investigated in association with multiple composite products. Dissemination of this research is leading to development of fire retardant systems that have minimal adverse effect on mechanical properties of engineered lumber. Another activity aimed to determine the amount of formaldehyde released in air and from leachate when wood is disposed in a simulated landfill. A simulated landfill was created using cylindrical plastic containers with alternating layers of silty clay soil and medium density fiber (MDF) board. Plastic screen, scrubber and non woven fabric were placed successively on the bottom on the each container. Two sizes of MDF were evaluated for leaching and there were four treatments 1) milled MDF in soil; 2) small pieces MDF in soil; 3) milled MDF only and 4) soil only. Formaldehyde in leachate was analyzed according to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Method IP-6C and 556, 1996, using a Waters 2695 high-performance liquid chromatography system with UV-Vis detection at 370 nm (Waters 996, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA). A similar and related spin-off project has been awarded to examine the effect of low formaldehyde or formaldehyde free adhesive on the performance of particleboard. The awning/open building to house the strander is complete. The strander has been installed in its permanent location. The strander is currently being proofed in order to make it operational. A pilot scale strand classifier has been assembled and painted. Investigators and students have presented these results at technical and scientific meetings of the Forest Products Society, the Society of Wood Science and Technology, American Chemical Society, etc. A survey was sent to 2,000 landowners to determine the reception to short rotation woody crops for bioenergy, in which the returned responses have been entered into an electronic data base to be analyzed. Assessing the impact of hurricane Katrina on the forest products industry, the vertical price transmission in timber and lumber markets is being analyzed, utilizing three prices: stumpage, delivered timber, and lumber, bein defined for the major timber supplying regions in the southern and western US. GRADUATE STUDENTS:.94%FTE PARTICIPANTS: Professors, Assistant and Associate Professors, Research Professors - Mike Barnes, Hamid Borazjani, Susan Diehl, E.M. Hassan, P. David Jones, Moon Kim, Shane Kitchens, Ian A. Munn, Darrel Nicholas, M. Lynn Prewitt, Tor P. Schultz, R. D. Seale, Sheldon Shi, Rubin Shmulsky, Philip H. Steele, Changyou Sun, Jilei Zhang. Postdoctoral Assistants, Research Associates and Research Staff - Linda Sites, Amy Rowlen, George Miller, Michael Sanders, G. Brian Lindsey, John Black, Cathy Dinning, Alexis Londo, Masters Students -Wei Qi Leng, Joe Hill, Islam Hafez, , Min Lee. PhD Students-Ignacio Diaz, Todd Johnson, Zhuo Ning, Collaborators --JE Winandy, Winandy and Associates, LLC, C R McIntyre, McIntyre Associates, Dayton, MT, Dr. Sung Phil Mun, Chonbuk National University, South Korea. Industrial Partners -Norboard Corp, Guntown, MS; Arch Wood Protection, Conley, GA; INEOS Melamines, Springfield, MA, ARCLIN, Dodson, LA, Merichem Co., Houston, TX TARGET AUDIENCES: Results from this research could be of great value to researchers dealing with composite materials, chemical companies providing fire-retardant to the marketplace; producers of composite materials; design professionals; manufacturers and end-users of solid wood products such as lumber producers, import and export companies, pallet producers, shipping companies, crate manufacturers, equipment mat producers and other common markets that utilize wood as a raw material for packaging and shipping products; interested governmental agencies such as USDA, DOE and refinery companies; homeowners; forest landowners and softwood sawmills particularly in the southeastern US; forest products industry concerned with formaldehyde emissions; companies that have the means to produce engineered wood products in wide dimension by utilizing small diameter southern yellow pine trees, and the general public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: A major addition to the project was the inclusion of the evaluation of modified furnish as a feedstock for pine scrim lumber. Panels made with modified scrim were evaluated for mechanical properties, water absorption, thickness swelling, dynamic swelling, and termite resistance. A slight modification has been that the current supplier of copper naphthenate, Merichem, has decided to no longer supply this preservative. Thus, additional stake studies will be conducted using only pentachlorophenol.

Impacts
Research examined the mechanical properties of laboratory manufactured, fire retardant treated (FRT) flakeboard to help establish proper manufacturing procedure and testing protocol for these types of composite products. Two sets of fire retardant treated&/ntreated panels were manufactured and tested to gauge both the initial effects fire retardant treatment had on panel performance, and the effects of high temperature exposure on the treated and untreated panels. Results indicated that FR treatment had an adverse effect on panel mechanical properties from both an initial standpoint and after the panels had been exposed. In the case of liquefaction, both temperature and alcohol ratio were studied. Increasing the temperature from 220C to 280C decreased the amount of residue and increased liquefaction yield. At 280C less than 10% of residue remained at the optimal alcohol water ratio. The effect of temperature on the bio-oil yield was direct, bio-oil increased steadily when the temperature increased from 220C to 280C. More than 45% bio-oil yield was obtained at 280C and higher alcohol to water ratio. Applying 1:8 solvent to biomass ratio is favorable for liquefaction. Four catalysts (formic acid, zinc chloride, triflouroacetic acid, sodium carbonate and ferric chloride) were used during the liquefaction of giant miscanthus. It was found that the addition of catalysts has almost no effect on the amount of heating value for the resultant bio-oil. The type of catalyst affected the yield of crude bio-oil and the amount of solid residue. Zinc Chloride produced the highest yield of bio-oil and the lowest amount of solid residues. It is expected that this optimization will help push liquefaction as a viable means of fuels development. To date, water repellent chemicals have been applied via spray, dip & pressure treatment to establish loading levels necessary to obtain the stated objectives. These are being compared to commonly utilized treatments such as heat to determine if a more energy efficient, long term treatment can be utilized for the sanitization of wooden products both domestically & internationally. Several of the products such as the silane products can withstand very high heats making them candidates for a combination treatment with currently utilized treatments. The theory of heat liable biocides is being explored and data established accordingly. Further soil block tests on the efficacy of tebuconazole have verified that this fungicide has limited efficacy against copper tolerant fungi, findings suggest that commercial copper based preservative formulations containing azoles may be less effective in long term field exposure than formulations containing quarternary ammonium compounds. Evidence from this study also provides data about the amount of formaldehdye leached in soil and volatized in air from buried wood waste. Along the timber supply chain, the integration in the early stage (stumpage/delivered timber price pair) is stronger than that in the latter stage (delivered/lumber price pair). Market participants are motived to adjust the volume of timber harvesting/lumber products swiftly when harvesting/processing margins increase.

Publications

  • Aglan, H., Ludwick, A., Borazjani, H., Kitchens, S.C., Diehl, S.V., Amburgey, T.L.; 2012; Diffusion Characteristics in Building components of Immiscible Hydrocarbon-Water Mix from Flooding; International Journal of Soft Computer Engineering, 2012. 4(1):1-11.
  • Amburgey, T.L., Barnes, H.M.; 2010 From forest to pole: 40 years observing deterioration; Proceedings, 2010 Southeastern Utility Pole Conference Tradeshow
  • Barnes, H.M., Sanders, M.G., Lindsey, G.B., Amburgey, T.L.; 2011; Performance of Creosote/Chlorothalonil Preservatives; IRG 42nd Annual Meeting. Queenstown, New Zealand. May 8-12, 2011
  • Barnes, H.M.; 2011; Chapter 2: Basic treating processes,In: Managing Treated Wood in the Aquatic Environments, Chapter II. (J.J.Morrell, K.M. Brooks and C.M. Davis, ed.); Publicatiion No. 7213-11. Forest Products Society, Madison,WI. Pgs 9-28
  • Barnes, H.M., Amburgey, T.L., Sanders, M.G., Lindsey, G.B.; 2011, Supplemental Treatments for Timber Bridge Components, Forest Prod. J., 61(6):450-458
  • Barnes, H.M., Amburgey, T.L., Sanders, M.G., Lindsey, B.L., 2012, Field Treating Timber Bridge Components, AWPA Proceedings. (107):82 (abstract)
  • Bhattacharya, P., Hassan, E.M., Steele, P.H., Cooper, J., Ingram, Jr., L.L.; 2010; Effect of acid catalysts and accelerated aging on the reaction of methanol with hydroxy-acetaldehyde in bio-oil; BioResources 5(2):908-919
  • Borazjani, H., Diehl, S.V., Prewitt, M.L.; 2011; Long-term Performance of Pump & Treat System at a Wood Treating Site; 38th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Research Conference Proceedings. 2011: Pp 12-16
  • Dahlen, J.M., Jones, P.D., Prewitt, M.L., Shmulsky, R.; 2010; Emissions released during kiln drying of southern pine utility poles; 2010 Southeastern Utility Pole Conference, Session III. Pp. 88 - 92
  • Dahlen, J.M., Shmulsky, R., Jones, P.D.; 2011; Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted During the Kiln Drying of Southern Yellow Pine Utility Poles; Forest Prod. J., (60):7/8.629-631.
  • Dahlen, J.M., Prewitt, M.L., Shmulsky, R., Jones,P.D.; 2011; Hazardous Air Pollutants and Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted during Kiln Drying of Southern Pine Lumber Dried to Interior and Export Moisture Specifications; Forest Prod. J., 61(3):229-234
  • Gajjela, S.K., Mitchell, B., Li, Q., Hassan, E.M., Steele, P.H.; 2011, Production of Hydrocarbons via Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Giant Miscanthus bio-oil; Am. Chem. Society, (2010) 55(1):24-26
  • Gajjela, S., Hassan, E.M., Mitchell, B., Steele, P.H.,2011, Hydrocarbons from Woody Biomass; Woody Biomass Utilization: 2009 FPS Conference Proceedings, pgs. 23-30
  • Gordon, J.S., Jones, P.D.; 2012; Modern Timber Bridges: An Alternative for Mississippi, MSU Extension Service Publication 1783
  • Green, B., Jones, P.D., Nicholas, D.D., Schimleck, L.R., Shmulsky, R., Dahlen, J.M.; 2012; Assessment of the early signs of decay of Pupulus deltoids wafers exposed to Trametes versicolor by near infrared spectroscopy; Holzforschung, 2012. 66:515-520. 2011 Performance measures
  • Hanson, K.C., Sites, L.S., Nicholas, D.D., 2010, Methods of studying penetration depth of wood protection products, International Research Group on Wood Protection, IRG/WP 10-20432
  • Irby, N.E., Ragon, K.W., McConnell, T.E.; 2011; It's Not Easy Being Green- Consumer Perceptions of treated Wood as a Sustainable Material; Proceedings: American Wood Protection Association; May 23-25, 2010 Savannah Georgia. 106:151
  • Irby, N.E., McConnell, T.E.; 2010; Peer-to-peer recruiting: An open letter on effectively enrolling wood science and forest products students; Wood and Fiber Science as an Editorial, Society of Wood Science and Technology (SWST) International Convention October 11-15, 2010, Geneva, Switzerland
  • Jones, P.D.; 2010, Forest Products, Mississippi State Extension Service Publication 2607, 2 pp
  • Jones, P.D., 2010, Basic guide to identification of hardwoods and softwoods using anatomical characteristics, Mississippi State University Extension Service, Publication 2606, 8 pp
  • Jones, P.D., Seale, R.D., Shmulsky, R., 2010; Softwood Lumber Grades and You; Mississippi State University Extension Service, Publication 2630. 4pp
  • Jones, P.D.; 2012; Disaster Relief Home Cleanup and Renovation for floors; MSU Extension Service, Information Sheet 1702
  • Jones, P.D.; 2012; Disaster Relief Home Cleanup and Renovation for Walls; MSU Extension Service Information Sheet 1703
  • Jones, P.D., Barnes, H.M.; 2011; Preservative Treatment; The Magazine for the Wood Technology Society: Wood Focus, 2011. (2)16-19
  • Jones, P.D., Shmulsky, R., Kitchens, S.C., Barnes, H.M., 2011; What is Salt Killed Wood; Mississippi State University Extension Service, Publication 2662. 4pp
  • Kakeh, M., Dahlen, J., Shmulsky, R., Jones, P.D., Seale, R.D.; 2012; Bowtie Beams: Novel Engineered Structural Beams from Southern Pine Lumber; Wood and Fiber Sci., 2012. 44(3):325-333
  • Kirker, G.T., Prewitt, M.L., Diehl, S.V., 2012, Community Analysis of Preservative Treated Southern Pine (Pinus spp.) using terminal restriction fragment length plymorphism (T-RFLP) Part 2: Bacteria field study, Holzforschung. 2012. (66):529-535
  • Langroodi, S., Borazjani, H., Nicholas, D.D., Prewitt, M.L., Diehl, S.V., Kitchens, S.C., 2011, Remedition of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in Biodiesel versus Diesel Carriers, Proceedings, IRG. 2011. IRG/WP 11-50279
  • Langroodi, S.K., Borazjani, H., Nicholas, D.D., Prewitt, M.L., Diehl, S.V.; 2012; Bioremediation and Leaching Potential of PCP in Biodiesel vs Diesel carriers, Wood and Fiber Sci. 2012. 44(3):1-9
  • Liang, K., Shi, S.Q.; 2010; Soy-based polyurethane foam reinforced with carbon nanotubes; Key Engineering Materials (419-420): 477-480
  • Liang, K., Shi, S.Q.; 2010; Nanoclay filled soy based polyurethane foam Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 119,1857-1863
  • Linton, J.M., Barnes, H.M., Seale, R.D., Lowell, E.C., Hummel, S.; 2010; Suitability of live and fire-killed small-diameter ponderosa and lodgepole pine trees for manufacturing a new structural wood composite; Bioresource Technology; 101(5): 6242-6247
  • Lippke, B., Gustafson, R., Venditti, R., Volk, T., Oneil, E., Johnson, L., Puettmann, M., Steele, P.H.; 2011; Sustainable Biofuel Contributions to Carbon Mitigation and Energy Independence; Forests (2011) 2:861-874; DOI:10.3390/f2040861
  • Little, N.S., Blount, N.A., Londo, A,J., Kitchens, S.C., Schultz, T.P., McConnell, T.E., Riggins, J.J.; 2012; Preference of Formosan Subterranean Termites for Blue-Stained Southern Yellow Pine Sapwood; J. Economic Entomology, 2012. 105(5):1640-1644
  • Liu, X., Steele, P.H., Cooper, J., Mitchell, B.; 2012; Detecting Compression Wood in Green Loblolly Pine with Radio Frequency; Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2012,(23) 221-135
  • Mao, A., Shi, S.Q., 2012, Dynamic Mechanical Properties of PMDI/Bio-oil Adhesive System, Forest Prod. J., 2012, 62(3):201-206
  • McConnell, T.E., Little, N.S., Shi, S.Q., Schultz, T.P.; 2010; Technical note: The susceptibility of chemically treated southern hardwoods to subterranean termite attack; Wood and Fiber Science, 42(2): 252-254
  • McConnell, T.E., Little, N.S., Shi, S.Q., Schultz, T.P., 2011, The Resistance of Modified Hardwood Material to Subterranean Termite Attack, AWPA Proceedings. (2010), Vol 106. p. 148
  • McConnell, T.E., Shi, S.Q., 2011, Surface Energy Characterization of Three Partially Hydrolyzed Hardwood Species Determined by Dynamic Contact Angle Analysis.Journal of Adhesion, (87):353-365
  • McConnell, T.E., Stuart, W.B., Grace, L.A., 2011, Learning through Service: Wood in Design and Engineering, Forest Prod. J., (61):14-19
  • McConnell, T.E., Shi, S.Q., 2011, Effects of Partial Hydrolysis on the Stiffness and Mass loss of three Southern Hardwoods, Forest Prod. J., 60(7/8):654-658
  • Yu, F., Steele, P.H., Ruan, R.; 2010; Microwave Pyrolysis of Corn Cob and Characteristics of the Pyrolytic Chars, Energy Sources, Part A 32:475-484
  • Ning, Z. and Sun, C. 2012. Vertical price transmission in timber and lumber markets. Journal of Forest Economics. 30 pages. To be submitted in December 2012
  • Patterson, D.W., Hartley, J.I., Pelkki, M.H., Steele,P.H.; 2010; Effects of 9 months of Weather Exposure on Slash Bundles in the Mid-South; Forest Prod. J. 60(3):221-225
  • Patton, R., Steele, P.H., Yu, F.; 2010; Coal vs. charcoal-fueled diesel engines: A review; Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 32:315-322
  • Peng, Y., Shi, S.Q., Ingram, Jr., L.L.; 2011; Chemical emissions from adhesive bonded wood products at elevated temperatures; Wd Sci & Tech.,(2011).45:627-644. DOI10.1007/s00226-010-0366-y
  • Prewitt, M.L., Diehl, S.V., Langroodi, S.K., Borazjani, H., Nicholas, D.D., 2011, Assessment of Biodiesel as an Alternative Carrier for Pentachlorophenol (PCP), AWPA Proceedings (2010) Vol 106 P. 152
  • Ragon, K.W., Donohoe, J.P., Amburgey, T.L., Sanders, M.G.; 2010; Termite Control Methods and Apparatus; US Patent 7,698,853
  • Ragon, K.W., Donohoe, J.P., Amburgey, T.L., Sanders, M.G.; 2010; Termite Control System, Method and Apparatus; US Patent 7,707,767
  • Seale, R.D., Borazjani, H., Langroodi, S.K.; 2012; Efficacy of manufactured wood shavings to mitigate marsh land impacts associated with deep water oil spills; MWRRI Proceedings 2012 Poster Session 3-9
  • Steele, P.H., Gajjela, S.K., Hassan, E.M., 2010, Comparison of hydroprocessed bio-oil and jet fuel fraction characteristics to ASTM standards for drop in fuels, Proceedings, 2010, ACS. 55(2):952


Progress 09/01/10 to 08/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Research into the conversion of perennial grasses in the southern United States into transportation fuels is ongoing with a series of hydrothermal liquefaction experiments in progress to optimize the factors such as temperature, pressure, and type of solvent, catalyst and the ratio of water to feedstock affecting the bio-oil yield and quality. For the study evaluating fire retardant-treated oriented strandboard, southern pine waferboard panels manufactured with flakes treated to a nominal retention of 11 percent by weight of guanylurea phosphate-boron (GUP/B) fire retardant were bonded with phenol formaldehyde resin. Bending specimens were cut from each panel and tested using ASTM D3043 Method B. Results showed that fire retardant treatment had a negative effect on bending properties and internal bond. Testing reliability increased and variation decreased with increasing specimen width. Work on the industrial bio-based sanitization methods has begun with the evaluation of different products such as silane-quats, silane-quat blends, and several other industrial biocides with initial stages of this project presented at the American Wood Preservers Association Meeting. Testing protocols established as research continues on the development and improvement of accelerated field test methods often provides credibility necessary for national testing standards such as those set forth by the American Wood Preservers Association. Scientists contacted Extension agents in the southeastern US and requested early failures observed in southern pine treated timbers used in residential applications such as decks or fences be reported. Knowledge of these failures and further investigation will potentially allow opportunity for the additional discovery of specific needs within the public and private sectors. The method of choice for analyzing formaldehyde in bonded wood products disposed of in landfills from constructions projects will be EPA Method 556. Formaldehyde will be converted to the oxime and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture. Determination of the amount of formaldehyde released and toxicity reduction over time will establish whether or not the use of these wood wastes on site as mulch is feasible. Equipment has been obtained and expanded building requirements requisitioned to begin the research on the effect of strand length of southern pine timber thinning on major properties of structural composite lumber. A pilot survey to ascertain landowner willingness to grow short rotation woody crops has been developed. The survey was submitted to the University's Institutional Review Board for the Protection of Human Subjects in Research (IRB) for approval. Approval was granted on 6/13/1. Research assessments of the impact of hurricane Katrina in 2005 to the U.S. forest products industry have concluded a price transmission analysis on the timer market in the southern United States using threshold cointergration and error correction models. Results have been presented in the annual meeting of the Southern Forest Economics Workshop. A conference paper has been generated and a journal article is under preparation. GRA 5.50 FTE = 9.0% PARTICIPANTS: Professors, Assistant and Associate Professors, Research Professors - Susan Diehl, Mike Barnes, Hamid Borazjani, Jilei Zhang, Philip H. Steele, P. David Jones, Darrel Nicholas, M. Lynn Prewitt, Sheldon Shi, E.M. Hassan, Moon Kim, Shane Kitchens, Tor P. Schultz, R. D. Seale, Rubin Shmulsky. Post Doctoral Assistants, Research Associates and Research Staff - Linda Sites, Amy Rowlen. Masters Students -Wei Qi Leng, Joe Hill, Islam Hafez, Todd Johnson, Min Lee. Collaborators - JE Winandy, Winandy and Associates, LLC. TARGET AUDIENCES: Results from this research could be of great value to researchers dealing with composite materials, chemical companies providing fire-retardant to the marketplace; producers of composite materials; design professionals; manufacturers and end-users of solid wood products such as lumber producers, import and export companies, pallet producers, shipping companies, crate manufacturers, equipment mat producers and other common markets that utilize wood as a raw material for packaging and shipping products; interested governmental agencies such as USDA, DOE and refinery companies; homeowners; softwood sawmills particularly in the southeastern US; forest products industry concerned with formaldehyde emissions; companies that have the means to produce engineered wood products in wide dimension by utilizing small diameter southern yellow pine trees. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: One slight modification: The current supplier of copper naphthenate has decided to no longer supply this preservative. Thus, additional studies on accelerated test methods will be conducted using only pentachlorophenol.

Impacts
Conversion of perennial biomass to liquid bio-oil from perennial biomass is technically feasible. With chemical composition of two feedstocks determined, preliminary results showed that more than 60% from the original biomass was converted to bio-oil. Base research results from the fire retardant-treated oriented strandboard study provided information for the development of a new ASTM standard which can be used by scientists and design professionals using oriented strandboard in structural applications in buildings. The application of width adjustments in the standard will allow design personnel to better estimate design values for fire retardant treated oriented strandboard. Products applied through spray, dip and pressure treatment for the purpose of phytosanitization have been compared to commonly utilized treatments such as heat to determine if a more energy efficient, long term treatment can be utilized for the sanitization of wooden products both domestically and internationally. Initial data collected from the accelerated field test studies suggests that particulate and soluble copper systems will be about equally effective against copper-sensitive fungi, but that particulate copper will have relatively low efficacy against copper-tolerant fungi. If rapid and inexpensive field tests can be developed to quickly determine those preservative systems which have promise, this will save time and money such that further lengthy and expensive tests are only conducted on preservative systems which have good efficacy. If construction site woodwaste containing formaldehyde can be recycled and used as mulch onsite as opposed to disposing in landfills, the result could be a great cost savings to the construction industry, a reduction of materials currently being disposed in landfills and an improved environment. Once composite lumber specimens are produced from southern pine strands of various geometries, testing to determine if a statistical relationship exists between strand geometry and major properties of structural composite lumber and what range of properties might be expected from structural composite lumber produced with southern pine plantation thinnings. Cointegration tests reveal that the timber market in the South is integrated. The error correction model indicates that the asymmetric price transmissions exist between the standing/delivered timber price and lumber price. When adjustment path asymmetry occurs, adjustments from positive deviations take more time than from negative deviations.

Publications

  • Barnes, H.M. (2011). Durable Composites: An Overview. AWPA Proceedings (2010) Vol 106, p. 228 (abstract).
  • Hill, J.M., Barnes, H.M., Winandy, J.E. (2011). Evaluating the mechanical properties of fire retardant treated OSB. Proceedings, Am Wood Prot Assoc 107:106.
  • Johnson, T.E., Kitchens, S.C., Amburgey, T.L. (2011). Observed color phenomena and behavioral abnormalities of Reticulitermes spp. in AWPA E1-09 standard laboratory termite test. Sociobiology 58(1):9-15.
  • Schultz, T.P., Nicholas, D.D. (2010). A proposed accelerated field stake test for rapid assessment of wood preservative systems. Holzforschung 64:673-679.