Source: CLEMSON UNIVERSITY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION submitted to
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB APPLICATION IN SUPPORT OF THE 'PROFILE' RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0221700
Grant No.
2010-41530-21002
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
2010-02684
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jul 1, 2010
Project End Date
Jun 30, 2012
Grant Year
2010
Program Code
[QQ.S]- Integrated Pest Management - South Region
Project Director
Schnabel, G.
Recipient Organization
CLEMSON UNIVERSITY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION
(N/A)
CLEMSON,SC 29634
Performing Department
Entomology, Soils, & Plant Sciences
Non Technical Summary
In the Southeast, fungicide resistance in the brown rot pathogen Monilinia fructicola of peach is currently managed by the recently implemented Profile resistant management program. However, the program needs improvement to meet grower demands for timelier receipt of management recommendations. Our goal is to create a web application which will support the Profile resistance management program, providing real-time data processing and immediate recommendations for fungicide applications within the context of resistance management and optimum efficacy. Specific objectives are to (i) develop a web application that allows online data entry, data analysis, data transfer, and provides immediate profile-specific strategies to combat resistance, (ii) train South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina county agents and specialists in using the application, and (iii) expand the web application to also become a searchable and historical database of resistance development within M. fructicola populations throughout the Southeast. Capitalizing on the expertise of the principal investigators from Clemson University and the University of Georgia (UGA), the web application will be developed through the help of the Clemson University Computer Science Department. Expertise from this department will also be utilized in subsequent agent and producer training associated with the new online functions. The web application-supported Profile resistance monitoring program will enable growers to react to problems in a much timelier manner, which in turn will improve disease control and customer satisfaction. The web application will be developed as an expert system, providing best-management recommendations based on the resistance management information and fungicide classes available for disease control. The Profile resistance management program is a multistate partnership involving South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina, but principle leadership for the development of the program has resided through collaborative efforts of Clemson and UGA.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
21611141160100%
Knowledge Area
216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
1114 - Peach;

Field Of Science
1160 - Pathology;
Goals / Objectives
Objectives and Anticipated Impacts (Extension) Train South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina extension agents to use the application Impact: Training will: (i) raise awareness of the importance of determining resistance profiles, and (ii) develop confidence in the agents' ability to provide a correct recommendation, which in turn will make them more valuable agents to their producer clientelle. Expand the web application to also become a searchable database Impact: the searchable database will provide year- and location-specific information that may aid in the development of resistance management strategies.
Project Methods
Train South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina county agents and specialists, to use the application Although we intend to make the web application very user friendly and self explanatory, we believe that a one-on-one training or training in small groups (up to 3 users) will be the most likely way to get agents to actually use it. Some agents are reluctant to use new technology in general and may not even sign up for a workshop. However, a one-on-one or one-on-two or -three training should take that fear away. Besides, there are less than 40 agents and extension specialists left in the Southeast covering all peach production areas in Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, and North Carolina. We will also produce a quick-start guideline in form of a pamphlet that we will hand out at agent and grower meetings. This will also be available on the web. Dr. Schnabel or Dr. Brannen and a representative of the Clemson University Computer Science Department (computer science student) will take part in each training session to reflect expertise in disease management and expertise on the technical side of this application. We will walk users through each step of the web application and then ask the participants to enter hypothetical data themselves. During the training we will collect comments and suggestions for improvement of the web application from participants. This information will be discussed and potentially implemented in future versions. Expand the web application to also become a searchable database Drs. Schnabel and Brannen will both keep copies of all entries but there will also be a searchable online database established that can be accessed by all authorized personnel (administrators). The database will enable users to retrieve reports by year, location, resistance category and fungicide. The database will also have a feature summarizing data in table or figure format from a single year and multiple years. For example, on demand a table could be created showing all resistance profiles for growers who sprayed a particular spray program (DMI fungicides only) or a table could be created showing resistance profiles for a particular geographical area. Collecting and analyzing such data over one year and or several years will yield invaluable insights as to how different spray programs influence the resistance profiles of a specific location or whether a location has an impact on spray programs. We may be able to analyze how alternation of chemical classes compares to mixtures in regard to managing fungicide-resistant populations.

Progress 07/01/10 to 06/30/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: With this grant we created a webapplication that upon data entry analyzes visual assessment of mycelial growth on fungicide amended media, calculates a resistance factor and assembles an informative and useful report for growers ang county agents. Additionally, data is stored in a central database for data retrieval and subsequent scientific analysis. This webapplication is the first of its kind and is -with some modifications- applicable for other host plant interactions. The calculation of a resistance factor based on mycelial growth on a single discriminatory dose enables assessment of resistance risk toward a specific chemical class of fungicides. The assembly of the report is automated, making in possible to provide timely information to growers. The precise outline of this system was published in a book chapter (see reference listed in previous year report). PARTICIPANTS: Participants of this project were South Carolina and Georgia county agents and other specialists. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience of this project were South Carolina and Georgia peach growers, county agents and other specialists. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The impact of this web assisted monitoring system has been significant. Participating growers learned what fungicides worked for them and which does not work for them any longer. For example, many growers learned that benzimidazole fungicides are not effective in many locations any longer and that spraying these products is a waste of money and an unnecessary burden for the environment. They learned that resistance to DMI fungicides is not widespread and that they can with good conscience keep using them in rotational spray programs. They also learned that Qoi fungicides are not striken with resistance and that they are excellent choices for preharvest disease control. The monitoring program has educated agents and growers alike on the importance for resistance management and in our annual grower meetings we verified that virtually all growers are implementing antiresistance management strategies for brown rot control. In years with heavy disease pressure this program has the power to identify weak fungicides prior to an epidemic and has actually prevented an epidemic in 2009 with an estimated cost saving for growes of $5 to 10 million in pre and postharves losses.

Publications

  • Hu, M. J., C. X. Luo, A. Grabke, and G. Schnabel 2011. Selection of a suitable medium to determine sensitivity of Monilinia fructicola mycelium to SDHI fungicides. J. Phytopathol. 159:616-620.


Progress 07/01/10 to 06/30/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: In support of the fungicide resistance monitoring program, a web application was developed that translates the results from the 24-well plate assay into immediate recommendations for spray program adjustments - an expert system for resistance management based on in-field sampling. After entering basic information about the user, the origin of the sample, and spray history of the orchard, the user can enter the visual assessment of mycelial growth on agar disks in the form of a dash (no growth), a "+" (less than 20% growth), "++" (less than 50 but more than 20% growth, and "+++" (more than 50% growth). A resistance factor is calculated based on the data entered and specific resistance management strategies for the particular location are provided along with general guidelines of brown rot management. The data is stored in a back-end SQL database. At the same time, the state specialist is notified about the entry. He has access to the database and can retrieve the entered data and the automated recommendations at any time. The idea being that the specialist will double check the automated response for some or all entries. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: South Carolina and Georgia peach growers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
The current prototype of the web application is located at www.peachdoc.com under "Profile". It is fully functional and is being tested by agents and specialists for accuracy and user friendliness.

Publications

  • Schnabel, G., A. Amiri and P.M. Brannen 2011. Location-specific fungicide resistance profiles aid peach growers in managing fungicide resistant strains of Monilinia fructicola. In: Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds VI, Eds. H.W. Dehne, H.B. Deising, U. Gisi, K.H. Kuck, P.E. Russell, H. Lyr. Lebenshilfe gGmbH, Braunschweig, Germany, p 264-266.