Source: PURDUE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
INTEGRATED ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
SPECIAL GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0221474
Grant No.
2010-34532-20705
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
2010-01533
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Apr 1, 2010
Project End Date
Mar 31, 2013
Grant Year
2010
Program Code
[DD-H]- Integ. Econ. & Tech. Analysis of Sust. Biomass Energy Systems, IN
Recipient Organization
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
WEST LAFAYETTE,IN 47907
Performing Department
Agricultural Economics
Non Technical Summary
This research aims to determine how Indiana and the Midwest can contribute to the goal of 25% of our energy from renewable sources by 2025 and to examine how the biomass production and conversion would affect the economy, environment, and ecosystem of the region. In particular, this research will study the economic and environmental consequences of alternative feasible ways that can be followed to achieve the nation's goals for producing energy from biomass. This research will determine actions that could be taken by public agencies to support the goals. In addition, it will introduce policies which should be implemented to encourage economic agents to achieve the goals in an environmentally sustainable way. The analyses will be completed for all the policy alternatives described in this proposal plus any others that come into prominence during the course of this project. Each option will be evaluated using several alternative futures for crude oil prices and success of development of new technologies. Thus, we will be able to compare the impacts on the private sector, government budget, and consumers of the various options under a range of possible future oil price and technology development scenarios. The project outputs will provide government decision makers with policy tradeoffs in terms of effectiveness of reducing risk for private sector investors compared with projected costs for each policy alternative. Ultimately, successful implementation of the U.S. bioenergy agenda will also require a significant investment in comparative, biophysical studies of the net energy balances and environmental footprints of candidate species and management systems. In the Midwest, optimizing nutrient use efficiency will be essential to mitigating the environmental damage associated with fertilizer production and application where improper management can result in nutrient runoff into lakes, river systems and oceans and production of greenhouse gases. Likewise, understanding crop water balance and optimizing water use efficiency will be essential to bioenergy crop success as water resources are expected to be the single, most-limiting factor in the multiple regions of the U.S. where biofuel production will be pursued. At present, there is a dearth of comparative studies and data quantitatively documenting the relative productivity and ecosystem service merits of candidate systems; this research will initiate such studies in several Midwestern agro-ecozones. This research will determine the most sustainable and profitable strategy to provide renewable energy from biomass. It will produce a set of actions needed by public agencies to support the goals. It will introduce policies which should be implemented to encourage economic agents to achieve the goals in an environmentally sustainable way. All these components taken together will provide a significant boost to our capability to use biomass energy in a cost effective and environmentally sustainable way.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
6106199301050%
1120399107025%
1330199107025%
Knowledge Area
133 - Pollution Prevention and Mitigation; 112 - Watershed Protection and Management; 610 - Domestic Policy Analysis;

Subject Of Investigation
6199 - Economy, general/other; 0199 - Soil and land, general; 0399 - Watersheds and river basins, general;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology; 3010 - Economics;
Goals / Objectives
This research will study the economic and environmental consequences of alternative feasible ways that can be followed to achieve the nation's goals for producing energy from biomass. This research will determine actions that could be taken by public agencies to support the goals. This research will be focused on second generation biofuels. Specific objectives of the policy component include evaluation of alternative policy options designed to stimulate private sector investment in commercial scale biofuel production: !. Renewable fuel standard as in EISA 2007 2. Renewable fuel standard with the cellulosic biofuel portion modified to grant RINs based on energy content of the biofuel produced 3. Fixed cellulosic biofuel subsidy per gallon as in the 2008 Farm Bill 4. Alternative levels of the fixed biofuel subsidy 5. Fixed cellulosic biofuel subsidy keyed to the energy content of the biofuel, such that higher energy content biofuels would receive a proportionately higher subsidy. 6. Variable cellulosic subsidy keyed to the energy content of the biofuel and the price of crude oil. 7. Biofuel purchase contracts in which the purchase price would be determined by an auction for a specific quantity of gasoline equivalent biofuels to be delivered over a 10-15 year period. 8. Biofuel purchase contract with indexes to the price of crude oil but also allocated on a competitive basis. 9. Combinations of different subsidy and RFS options. All of these policy options will be evaluated in a stochastic framework with oil price, conversion efficiency, and feedstock cost subject to uncertainty. Specific to the biophysical (production/environment) study component, our overall goal is to develop a cropping system-level analysis of the potential for Miscanthus, switchgrass, maize-based and low-input native prairie production systems to provide renewable fuel while protecting natural resources. Specific objectives are to: 1) determine the comparative environmental impacts of switchgrass, Miscanthus, maize (grain and grain plus stover removal), and low-input big bluestem including the assessment of: a) cropping system impact on soil storage (sequestration) of C and N; b) cropping system impact on nitrate and dissolved organic carbon edge-of-field loss to water as facilitated by artificial tile drainage, and c) cropping system impact on greenhouse gas emissions. 2) determine the comparative biofuels feedstock potential of switchgrass, Miscanthus, maize (grain and grain plus stover removal), and low-input big bluestem including the assessment of: a) the quantity and quality (chemical composition) of feedstocks; b) the crop-specific nutrient use efficiency including uptake and physiological efficiency, and c) the crop-specific water balance.
Project Methods
The economic analyses will be accomplished by building spreadsheet models for each of the major technology paths and policy options. The models will incorporate risk using the @Risk software to perform Monte Carlo simulations. Thus, we will be able to estimate the degree of private sector riskiness and expected government and consumer cost for each option. Private sector risk can be measured by indicators such as probability of a loss from investments in the new technology, mean and variance of internal rate of return, and the like. Government cost will be calculated by applying a "policy overlay" to the basic spreadsheet process model for each technology. From the parameters of the policy overlay, we will be able to estimate the government cost for each option based on oil price scenarios and other parameters. Consumer costs can be calculated in a similar manner to government costs. The analyses will be completed for all the policy alternatives described in this proposal plus any others that come into prominence during the course of this project. Each option will be evaluated using several alternative futures for crude oil prices and success of development of new technologies. The biophysical component of this research will be conducted at Purdue University's Water Quality Field Station (WQFS) and at regional Purdue Agriculture Centers (PACs). The WQFS is a highly instrumented, field facility that includes 4 replicates of 12 cropping systems (described below); while the PACs do not offer equivalent instrumentation capability, ancillary studies to the core WQFS study that are regionally distributed will permit extension of the WQFS inference base to include different soil and climactic conditions. At the core of each of the 48 treatment plots (10.8 x 48 m) at the WQFS is a 24 m x 9 m drainage lysimeter that is structured to permit a quantitative characterization of mass loss of soil constituents to surface water. Existing WQFS instrumentation also permits characterization of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from the soil surface. In spring 2007, several treatments were identified for conversion to biofuel production systems and establishment of these systems is ongoing. For the 2009 growing season, WQFS treatments will include: 1. Low-input big bluestem with no fertilizer inputs 2. Maize grown in rotation with soybean and fertilized according to university recommendations 3. Continuous maize fertilized according to university recommendations with no residue removal 4. Continuous maize fertilized according to university recommendations with residue removal at harvest 5. Miscanthus production using best known management practices 6. Switchgrass production using best known management practices 7. Sorghum production using a unique highly yielding, high sugar and high biomass genetic material. Treatments. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 represent candidate biofuel systems, while treatments 2, 3, and 4 are traditional food/feed systems that can also provide maize grain and soybean seed for ethanol and biodiesel, respectively.

Progress 04/01/10 to 03/31/13

Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project has three major sub-components: economics and policy; biophysical, and water. This report will cover each of these areas. In the economics and policy component, our major objective was to compare the impacts of alternative biofuels policy options. In the U.S., the ethanol industry is up against a blending limit called the blend wall. If the blending wall remains in place and no way around it is found, it does not matter much what other policy options are used. We have published several papers covering the economic dimensions of the blending wall and subsidy. Another dimension of the analysis has been estimation of the induced land use impacts of US and EU biofuels programs. Because the US land supply available for row crops production is limited, most land use changes induced by biofuels occur outside the US. However, to the extent that conversion of native grasslands or forest to crops releases carbon, it does not matter where the changes occur in terms of impact on global carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere. We have also added a detailed representation of biofuels and the Renewable Fuel Standard to a bottom-up energy model called MARKAL. We use this model to evaluate the impacts of renewable fuels in comparison with other energy policy options. For the biophysical (production/environment) research component, our overall goal was to develop a cropping system-level analysis of the potential for Miscanthus, switchgrass, maize-based and low-input native prairie production systems to provide renewable fuel while protecting natural resources. Recent outputs focused on comparison of maize productivity (with and without stover removal) to that of bioenergy sorghums as impacted by marginal soils. We established additional field research plots for candidate bioenergy systems comparisons. The selected locations had documented histories for low yields of maize and soybean and experimental sites encompass an array of attributes which can collectively confer marginal status on a soil including land reclamation from previous use as a landfill, high erodability, poor fertility, and low water storage capacity. Crops planted at these locations included the perennial grasses Miscanthus, switchgrass and a native prairie mixture (Big Bluestem, Indian Grass, others) and three types of sorghum with maize as a control. We have utilized the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model calibrated in year 2 of the project to evaluate impacts of increased corn production and removal of various levels of corn stover on stream flow, erosion and losses of nitrogen and fertilizer at field and watershed scales. We have validated the improved model using crop production and soil and water quality data collected from Water Quality Field Station. We have evaluated the impacts of various levels of switchgrass and Miscanthus production, in conjunction with traditional corn/soybean production on hydrology and water quality in Wildcat Creek watershed. PARTICIPANTS: Wallace E. Tyner Silvie M. Brouder Indrajeet Chaubey TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include the following : Academics in energy economics, agricultural economics, agronomy, and agricultural engineering. Policy makers and agency officials involved in biofuels. Government officials at state and national levels. General population interested in biofuels issues. Media. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The results of our analysis of alternative biofuels policy alternatives have been published in several outlets (see publication list) and have also been disseminated to Congressional offices and various interest groups such as the National Corn Growers Association and the American Coalition for Ethanol, Renewable Fuels Association, and others. Tyner has been a plenary speaker at the annual ACE and RFA conventions and many other meetings. In addition to the analysis of policy options, we have also evaluated the role of biofuels in food price increases and the barriers to implementing the Renewable Fuel Standard if the 10 percent blending limit is maintained. On a prime agricultural soil, aboveground dry matter yields were similar for maize and Miscanthus (mean of 19710 and 19240 kg per ha) once Miscanthus was fully established (2010). In contrast, switchgrass and native prairie yields averaged 10100 and 3600 kg per ha per year, respectively. Nitrous oxide emissions varied twofold among maize-based systems with continuous corn without residue removal recording highest daily emissions during the growing season (4.9 mg per meter squared per day). In contrast, emissions from perennials were below 0.2 mg per meter squared per day regardless of whether or not N was applied. Yearlong nitrate leaching losses were also greatest in continuous maize (11.4 kg N per ha per year) and lowest for perennials (less than 1.5 kg per ha per year). However, it should be noted that reductions in leaching N losses are not achieved until the crop is fully established. During the establishment year and the second growing season following establishment, nitrate concentrations in drainage water from Miscanthus plots were no different than those observed for continuous maize. Both 2011 and 2012 were dry or excessively dry growing seasons across all locations. At one location perennial grasses failed to establish both years. At the two other locations, establishment is on-going and first harvests are expected in 2013. Among annual crops, sorghum outperformed maize especially as conditions became drier. Maize whole-plant yield averaged over three marginal IN locations in 2011 and 2012 ranged from 0 to 10,768 kg/ha (mean 4953 kg/ha; std error of 1760 kg/ha). By comparison, whole-plant sorghum yields were two- to three-times that of maize. Not only are sorghum yields on marginal soils superior to maize, the lower standard errors/CVs indicate that they are much more stable across space and time. For the water component, we have modified the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to evaluate removal of various levels of crop residue and its impact on hydrology and water quality. Our model results show that while the impact of corn stover removal on hydrology is relatively small, considerably greater losses of sediment, and pollutants attached to sediment can be expected. However, increased amounts of stover removal results in decrease in losses of mineral nitrogen and phosphorus. These results can be utilized to develop watershed management strategies for utilizing crop residue as a biofeedstock.

Publications

  • Taheripour, Farzad, Qianlai Zhuang, Wallace E. Tyner, and Xiaoliang Lu. "Biofuels, Cropland Expansion, and the Extensive Margin." Energy, Sustainability and Society 2, no. 25 (2012).
  • Taheripour, Farzad, and Tyner, Wallace E. "Induced Land Use Emissions due to First and Second Generation Biofuels and Uncertainty in Land Use Emission Factors." Economics Research International (2013), 12 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/315787.
  • Taheripour F, Tyner WE. Welfare Assessment of the Renewable Fuel Standard: Economic Efficiency, Rebound Effect, and Policy Interactions in a General Equilibrium Framework. In: Modeling, Optimization and Bioeconomy. Pinto, A, Zilberman, D (Eds.) (Springer-Verlag, 2013).
  • Tyner, Wallace E. "National and Global Market Implications of the 2012 U.S. Drought." Issue Brief, Chicago Council on Global Affairs, February 2013.
  • Woodson, P., J.J. Volenec, S.M. Brouder. Field-scale K and P fluxes in the bioenergy crop switchgrass: Theoretical energy yields and management implications. J. Plant Nutri. Soil Sci. In press 2013.
  • Adams, M., K. Gibson, N. Emery, S.M. Brouder. The Effect of biochar on native and invasive prairie plant species. J. Invasive Plant Sci. Management. In press 2013.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. "Biofuel Economics and Policy in the US" in Biofuel Economics and Policy edited by Adele Finco, Franco Angeli, Milan, Italy (2012), pp.41-53.
  • Sarica, K. and W. E. Tyner, "Analysis of US Renewable Fuels Policies Using a Modified MARKAL Model", Renewable Energy 50 (2013) 701-709.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. "Developing biofuels supply chains." Biofuels (2013) 4(1), pp. 21-23.
  • Taheripour, Farzad, and Tyner, Wallace E. "Incorporating Recent Land Use Change Data into Simulations of Biofuels Land Use Change." Applied Sciences 3 (2013) 14-38.
  • Taheripour, Farzad, Chris Hurt, and Wallace E. Tyner. "Livestock Industry in Transition: Economic, Demographic, and Biofuel Drivers." Animal Frontiers 3(2) 2013, pp. 38-46.
  • English, Alicia, Wallace E. Tyner, Juan Sesmero, Phillip Owens, and David Muth. "Environmental tradeoffs of stover removal and erosion in Indiana." Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining, 7:78-88 (2013).
  • Turco, R.F., P. Chivenge, J.J. Volenec, and S.M. Brouder. 2012. Opening our file cabinets and field notes with meta-analysis: An approach to overcome the soil C sequestration data void. Abstract 179-3. Inter. Meeting of the Amer. Soc. Agron.-Crop Sci. Soc. of Amer.-Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. Oct. 21-24. Cincinnati OH. http://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2012am/webprogram/Paper74076.html
  • Tyner, Wallace E., and Taheripour, Farzad (2013). "Land-use Changes and CO2 Emissions Due to US Corn Ethanol Production." In Levin, S.A. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, second edition, Volume 4, pp. 539-554, Waltham, MA: Academic Press.
  • Trybula, E., I. Chaubey, J. Frakenberger, S.M. Brouder, and J.J. Volenec. 2012. Quantifying ecohydrological impacts of perennial rhizomatous grasses on tile discharge. Abstract 297-9. Inter. Meeting of the Amer. Soc. Agron.-Crop Sci. Soc. of Amer.-Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. Oct. 21-24. Cincinnati OH. http://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2012am/webprogram/Paper75175.html
  • Dierking, R., J.J. Volenec, and S.M. Brouder. 2012. The potential of maize and sorghum biomass grown on marginal sites. Abstract 247-5. Inter. Meeting of the Amer. Soc. Agron.-Crop Sci. Soc. of Amer.-Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. Oct. 21-24. Cincinnati OH. http://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2012am/webprogram/Paper72548.html
  • Long, M., J.J. Volenec, and S. M. Brouder. 2012. Nitrogen impacts on the yield and cell wall composition of contrasting sorghum lines used for biomass. Abstract 383-8. Inter. Meeting of the Amer. Soc. Agron.-Crop Sci. Soc. of Amer.-Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. Oct. 21-24. Cincinnati OH. http://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2012am/webprogram/Paper75148.html
  • Navarette, R., and S.M. Brouder. 2012. Spatial-Temporal Assessment of Soil Exchangeable K Concentrations As Affected by K Applications in a Long Term Experiment. Abstract 277-7. Inter. Meeting of the Amer. Soc. Agron.-Crop Sci. Soc. of Amer.-Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. Oct. 21-24. Cincinnati OH. http://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2012am/webprogram/Paper72196.html
  • Burks, J., S.M. Brouder, J.J. Volenec. 2012. Seasonal Accumulation and Partitioning of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Perennial Bioenergy Crops. Abstract 99-4. Inter. Meeting of the Amer. Soc. Agron.-Crop Sci. Soc. of Amer.-Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. Oct. 21-24. Cincinnati OH. http://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2012am/webprogram/Paper72902.html


Progress 04/01/11 to 03/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project has three major sub-components: economics and policy; biophysical, and water. This report will cover each of these areas. In the economics and policy component, our major objective was to compare the impacts of alternative biofuels policy options. In the U.S., the ethanol industry is up against a blending limit called the blend wall. If the blending wall remains in place and no way around it is found, it does not matter much what other policy options are used. We have published several papers covering the economic dimensions of the blending wall and subsidy. Another dimension of the analysis has been estimation of the induced land use impacts of US and EU biofuels programs. We have also added a detailed representation of biofuels and the Renewable Fuel Standard to a bottom-up energy model called MARKAL. We use this model to evaluate the impacts of renewable fuels in comparison with other energy policy options. For the biophysical (production/environment) research component, our overall goal is to develop a cropping system-level analysis of the potential for Miscanthus, switchgrass, maize-based and low-input native prairie production systems to provide renewable fuel while protecting natural resources; outputs include productivity comparisons as well as comparisons of field-level carbon (C) nitrogen (N) and water balances and fluxes, data needed to inform Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of C footprints and sustainability of candidate bioenergy cropping systems. This year's outputs focused on cropping system impacts on environmental losses of nitrogen (N) as nitrous oxide and nitrate; we compared N losses from continuous maize (with and without 80% stover removal), maize-soybean rotations, Miscanthus, switchgrass, and a native prairie mixture. We measured volume of and nitrate concentrations in all drainage water and nitrous oxide emissions from soil from late March through late October. Additionally, this year's outputs further extended our marginal soil experimental inference space. In May and June 2012, we established additional plots of candidate perennials on marginal soils located in northeast, southeast and west central IN. Crops planted at these locations included the perennials Micanthus, switchgrass and a native prairie mixture (Big Bluestem, Indian Grass, others) as well as maize, and several sorghum cultivars with attributes relevant to the bioenergy agenda. We have utilized the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to evaluate impacts of increased corn production and removal of various levels of corn stover on stream flow, erosion and losses of nitrogen and fertilizer at field and watershed scales. We have validated the improved model using crop production and soil and water quality data collected from Water Quality Field Station. We have evaluated the impacts of various levels of switchgrass and Miscanthus production, in conjunction with traditional corn/soybean production on hydrology and water quality in Wildcat Creek watershed, a 2000 km2 agricultural watershed in Indiana. PARTICIPANTS: The PI for the project and leader of the economics and policy component is Professor Wallace Tyner. His collaborators include Dr. Farzad Taheripour, Research Assistant Professor, Dr. Kemal Sarica, post doc, and PhD students - David Perkis, Liang Li, Alicia English, Ismail Ouraich, Eric O'Rear, James Young, Kirssana Treesilvattanakul; MS students - Michelle Pratt, Sajeev E. M., Julie Fiegel. The other major collaborators on the economics side are Professors Tom Hertel and Ben Gramig. In the biophysical component, collaborators of Co-PI Sylvie Brouder include Purdue faculty Drs. Jeff Volenec, Dr. Ron Turco and Dr. Gebisa Ejeta, USDA-ARS Research Scientist Dr. Douglas R. Smith, Mendel Biotech Researcher and Purdue Adjunct Asst. Prof. Dr. Damien Allen, Post-Doctoral researcher Dr. Pauline Chivenge-Nhamo and graduate students Jennifer Burks, MaryJane Orr, Monique Long, and Patrick Woodson. For the water component, the leader is Dr. Indrajeet Chaubey. One Ph.D. student and one M.S. student were trained on this project. In addition, the project results have been disseminated to various outlets, including national and international conferences and workshops. The target audiences are researchers, graduate students, state and federal agency personnel involved in watershed management planning and policy development. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences for the economics component include professional economists, Congressional staff, staff at USDA, DOE, and EPA, and media. Tyner does scores of media interviews each year to communicate the results of the research to a broader audience. Additional target audiences for the environmental component include professional agronomists, hydrologists and climate change modelers, staff at NRCS, and certified crop consultants. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The results of our analysis of alternative biofuels policy alternatives have been published in several outlets (see publication list) and have also been disseminated to Congressional offices and various interest groups such as the National Corn Growers Association and the American Coalition for Ethanol, Renewable Fuels Association, and others. Tyner has been a plenary speaker at the annual ACE and RFA conventions and many other meetings. In addition to the analysis of policy options, we have also evaluated the role of biofuels in food price increases and the barriers to implementing the Renewable Fuel Standard if the 10 percent blending limit is maintained. On a prime agricultural soil, aboveground dry matter yields were similar for maize and Miscanthus (mean of 19710 and 19240 kg per ha) once Miscanthus was fully established (2010). In contrast, switchgrass and native prairie yields averaged 10100 and 3600 kg per ha per year, respectively. Nitrous oxide emissions varied twofold among maize-based systems with continuous corn without residue removal recording highest daily emissions during the growing season (4.9 mg per meter squared per day). In contrast, emissions from perennials were below 0.2 mg per meter squared per day regardless of whether or not N was applied. Yearlong nitrate leaching losses were also greatest in continuous maize (11.4 kg N per ha per year) and lowest for perennials (less than 1.5 kg per ha per year). However, it should be noted that reductions in leaching N losses are not achieved until the crop is fully established. During the establishment year and the second growing season following establishment, nitrate concentrations in drainage water from Miscanthus plots were no different than those observed for continuous maize. For the water component, we have modified the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to evaluate removal of various levels of crop residue and its impact on hydrology and water quality. The modified model can be used by other researchers to perform similar evaluations. Our model results show that while the impact of corn stover removal on hydrology is relatively small, considerably greater losses of sediment, and pollutants attached to sediment can be expected. However, increased amounts of stover removal results in decrease in losses of mineral nitrogen and phosphorus. These results can be utilized to develop watershed management strategies for utilizing crop residue as a biofeedstock.

Publications

  • Padella, Monica, Finco, Adele, and Tyner, Wallace E. "Impacts of Biofuels Policies in the EU." Economics of Energy and Environmental Policy, (2012) Vol. 1 (3), pp. 87-103.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. Taheripour, Farzad, and Hurt, Chris. "Potential Impacts of a Partial Waiver of the Ethanol Blending Rules." Purdue University - Farm Foundation joint publication, August 16, 2012. http://www.farmfoundation.org/news/articlefiles/1841-Purdue%20paper%2 0final.pdf
  • Tyner, Wallace E. "Biofuels: the future is in the air." Biofuels 3(5) September 2012, pp. 519-20.
  • Brouder, S.M., P. Woodson, L. Bowling, R. Turco and J. Volenec. 2011. Yield potential, water and N requirements of non-food biofuels. 2011 Water for Food Conference, Lincoln, NE, May 1 - 4.
  • Brouder, S.M., R. Turco, J. Volenec, G. Ejeta, D.R. Smith, L. Bowling, I. Chaubey, B. Gramig. Nitrogen partitioning and utilization in bioenergy cropping systems. 6th Frontiers in Bioenergy Conference & US-Brazil Symposium on Sustainable Bioenergy. West Lafayette, IN, May 15 -18 2011.
  • Hernandez-Ramirez, G., S.M. Brouder, D.R. Smith, G.E. Van Scoyoc. 2011. Nitrogen partitioning and utilization in corn cropping systems: rotation, N-source, and N timing. European J Agron. 34:190-195.
  • Hernandez-Ramirez, G., S.M. Brouder, M.D. Ruark, R.F. Turco. 2011. Nitrate, phosphate, and ammonium loads at subsurface drains in the eastern cornbelt: Agroecosystem and nitrogen management. J. Environ. Qual. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0195.
  • Climate Change Position Statement Working Group. 2011. Position Statement on Climate Change. Working Group Rep. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI, May 11, 2011.
  • Ale, S., L.C. Bowling, M.A. Youssef, S.M. Brouder. Evaluation of simulated strategies for reducing nitrate-N losses through subsurface drainage systems. J. Environ. Qual. (2011) 41:217-228.
  • Ale, S., L.C. Bowling, P.R. Owens, S.M. Brouder, J.R. Frankenberger. 2012. Development and application of a distributed modeling approach to assess water-shed scale impact of drainage water management. Ag. Water Management. Ag. Water Management. 107:23-22.
  • Brouder, S.M. 2011. Minimum plant and soil metrics for characterizing Environment (E) x Management (M) impacts on crop performance. In Proceedings of the Yield Gap Assessment Workshop, Beijing, China, Aug. 31 - Sept. 2.
  • Chaubey, I. 2011. Scaling biomass production from field to watershed. China-US 2011 Joint Symposium on Global Sustainability Issues in Energy, Climate, Water and Environment. Purdue University. September 25-28, 2011.
  • Chaubey, I. 2011. Bioenergy, landscape changes and ecosystem response: Opportunities for sustainable watershed management. Distinguished Lecture Series, Annual Conference of the ASAABE. Louisville, KY. August 7-10.
  • Cibin, R., I. Chaubey, M. Thomas, and B. Engel. 2011. Impacts of corn stover removal for biofuel on hydrology/water quality in Indiana. Paper No. 1111176, Annual Conference of the ASABE, Louisville, KY.
  • Cibin, R., I. Chaubey, E. Trybula, M. Thomas, and B. Engel. 2011. Watershed scale impacts of energy crops on hydrology and water quality. Paper No. 1111177, Annual Conference of the ASABE, Louisville, KY.
  • Thomas, M., B. Engel, and I. Chaubey. 2011. An assessment of the water quality impacts of corn-silage asa bioenergy feedstock for cellulosic biofuel production. Paper No. 1111802, Annual Conference of the ASABE, Louisville, KY.
  • Trybula, E., J. Burks, C. Raj, I. Chaubey, S. Brouder, and J. Volenec. 2011. Parameterization of perennial bioenergy feedstock grasses Miscanthus x giganteus and upland Shawnee switchgrass cultivar in the SWAT model using a multi-disciplinary approach. Annual Ecological Sciences and Engineering Conference, Purdue University. November 9, 2011.
  • Chaubey, I. 2012. Sustainable watershed management under food, feed, and bioenergy production. Invited talk presented at the Joint China-U.S. Joint Symposium on "Land Use, Ecosystem Services, and Sustainable Development". September 17-19. Shenyang, China.
  • Chaubey, I. 2012. Environmental management challenges from bioenergy, landscape changes, and ecosystem response: perspectives at global scale. Keynote address at the 46th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers. Pant Nagar, India. February 28, 2012.
  • Chaubey, I. 2011. Developing watershed management strategies for bioenergy crops. 6th Frontiers in Bioenergy US-Brazil Symposium on Sustainable Bioenergy. West Lafayette, IN. May 16-18, 2011.
  • Sarica, K. and Tyner W. E. (2012) Comparison of a Clean Energy Standard and a Carbon Tax, 2012 ASSA Annual Meeting, Chicago, January 6-8, 2012.
  • Beckman, Jason, Thomas Hertel, Farzad Taheripour, and Wallace Tyner. "Structural change in the biofuels era." European Review of Agricultural Economics 39(1) 2012, pp. 137-56.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. "The 2011 National Research Council report on biofuels." Biofuels 3(1) (2012), pp. 17-19.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. "Biofuels and Land Use Change." Biofuels 3(3) pp. 251-53. (2012).
  • Maassel, Mark, and Wallace E. Tyner. "With Gasoline Prices Rising, Indiana Alternatives Can Help." Inside Indiana Business E-Newsletter, March 29, 2012. http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/contributors.aspID=2224
  • Tyner, Wallace E. (2012) "Biofuels and agriculture: a past perspective and uncertain future." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 19 (5) (2012) 389-394.
  • Singh, Navneet R., Dharik S. Mallapragada, Rakesh Agrawal, and Wallace E. Tyner. "Economic analysis of novel synergistic biofuel (H2Bioil) processes." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery (2012) 2: 141-48.
  • Taheripour, Farzad, and Tyner, Wallace E. "Renewable Fuel Standards: Efficiency vs. Rebound Effect." Paper presented at the 15th GTAP conference, Geneva, Switzerland, June 2012, and available at https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.aspRecordID =3929.
  • Sarica, K. and Tyner W. E. (2011) Analysis of US Renewable Fuels Policies Using a Modified MARKAL Model, 34th IAEE International Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, June 19-23, 2011.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. "Cellulosic Ethanol." Symposium presentation at the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association meetings, Seattle, Washington, August 2012.
  • English, Alicia L., Tyner, Wallace E., Sesmero, Juan Pablo, and Owens, Philip. "Environmental Impacts of Stover Removal in the Corn Belt." Paper presented at the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association meetings, Seattle, Washington, August 2012.
  • Sajeev, E. M., Ji, Tianyun, Tyner, Wallace E., and Gramig, Ben. "Economic Costs and Environmental Performance for Three Cellulosic Biofuel Pathways." Paper presented at the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association meetings, Seattle, Washington, August 2012.
  • Tyner, Wallace E., and Taheripour, Farzad. "Induced Land Use Emissions Due to the First and Second Generation Biofuels and Uncertainty in Land Use Emission Factors." Paper presented at the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association meetings, Seattle, Washington, August 2012.
  • Li, Liang, Tyner, Wallace E., Taheripour, Farzad. "Improvement of GTAP Cropland CET Nesting Structure for Impact Evaluation of Cellulosic Biofuels Industry under RFS2." Paper presented at the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association meetings, Seattle, Washington, August 2012.
  • Taheripour, Farzad, and Tyner, Wallace E. "Renewable Fuel Standards: Efficiency vs. Rebound Effect." Poster presented at the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association meetings, Seattle, Washington, August 2012.
  • Sarica, K. and Tyner W. E. (2011) Analysis of U.S. Renewable Fuels Policies Using Modified Markal and Gtap-Bio Models, 30th USAEE/IAEE North American Conference, Washington D.C., October 9-12, 2011.
  • Brouder, S.M. 2011. Comparative Agro-ecological Performance of Perennial and Annual Biomass Systems: Metrics and Data Workflows. In Proceedings of the China-US 2011 Joint Symposium on Global Sustainability Issues in Energy, Climate, Water and Environment. West Lafayette, IN, Sept. 26 - 29.
  • Brouder, S.M. 2011. Alternatives to Traditional Approaches to Fertilizer Recommendations. Symposium on Development of Soil-Test Based Recommendations: Historical Perspectives, Current Issues, Future Directions. In Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings, San Antonio, TX, Oct. 16 - 19, 2011. http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2011am/webprogram/Paper63885.html.
  • Smith, D.R., D. Bucholtz, S. Brouder, J. Volenec, R. Turco, G. Ejeta. 2011. Greenhouse gas emissions from traditional and biofuel cropping systems. Symposium on Crop Influences on GHG Emissions and Soil C Sequestration. In Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings, San Antonio, TX, Oct. 16 - 19, 2011. http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2011am/webprogram/Paper64779.html.
  • Woodson, P., S. Cunningham, P. Murphy, S. Brouder, J. Volenec. 2011. Influence of potassium and phosphorus on yield and composition of switchgrass. In Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings, San Antonio, TX, Oct. 16 - 19, 2011.http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2011am/webprogram/Paper65191. html.
  • Burks, J.L., J. Volenec, S. Brouder. 2011. Seasonal cycling and partitioning of N, P, and K in perennial bionergy crops. In Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings, San Antonio, TX, Oct. 16 - 19, 2011. http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2011am/webprogram/Paper64585.html.
  • S.M. Brouder and J.J. Volenec. 2012. Impact of Climate Change on Crop Nutrient and Water Use Efficiencies: What we know we don't know. Plant Growth, Nutrition and Environment Interactions Conf., University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. Feb 18 - 21. Plenary
  • J. Volenec and S.M. Brouder. 2012. Nutrient Use in Bioenergy Cropping Systems. Plant Growth, Nutrition and Environment Interactions Conf., University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. Feb 18 - 21.
  • Cibin, R., I. Chaubey, and B. Engel. 2011. Watershed scale impacts of corn stover removal for biofuel on hydrology and water quality. Hydrological Processes. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.8280.
  • Thomas, M.A., B.A. Engel and I. Chaubey. 2011. Multiple corn-stover removal rates for cellulosic biofuels and long-term water quality impacts. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 66(6):431-444.
  • Feng, Q., I. Chaubey, R. Cibin, and Y. Her. 2012. Total potential yield and impacts on hydrologic cycle and water quality by growing switchgrass and miscanthus on marginal land. Paper no. 121337201, Annual Conference of the ASABE, Dallas, TX.
  • Her, Y. and I. Chaubey. 2012. Impact of the number of parameters and observations on calibration of SWAT. Paper no. 121338438, Annual Conference of the ASABE, Dallas, TX.
  • Antony, A., B. Engel, and I. Chaubey. 2012. Evaluating effectiveness of NAPRA model to assess the impacts of BMPs on pesticides, phosphorus and nitrogen losses. Paper no. 212336829, Annual Conference of the ASABE, Dallas, TX.
  • Cibin, R., I. Chaubey, and B. Engel. 2012. Optimum selection and placement of energy crops at watershed scale: a multi-objective optimization framework for sustainable bioenergy production. Paper no. 121337030, Annual Conference of the ASABE, Dallas, TX.
  • Cibin, R., E. Trybula, I. Chaubey, and B. Engel. 2011. Watershed scale impacts of bioenergy production on hydrology and water quality using SWAT model. American Geophysical Union Conference. December 6-10, 2011. San Francisco, CA.
  • Chaubey, I. 2011. Sustainability assessment of bioenergy crop production, landscape changes, and ecosystem response. Presented at EPA-ORD, Las Vegas. October 12, 2011.
  • Sarica, K. and Tyner W. E. (2011) Analysis of U.S. Renewable Fuels Policies Using Modified Markal and Gtap-Bio Models, 30th USAEE/IAEE North American Conference, Washington D.C., October 9-12, 2011.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. "US biofuels policies: how would changes impact the sector" Biofuels (2011) 2(5), pp. 499-500.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. "A Broad Perspective on Biofuels and Agriculture." Farm Policy Journal 8(4), summer 2011, pp. 17-25.


Progress 04/01/10 to 03/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project has three major sub-comoponents: economics and policy; biophysical, and water. In the economics and policy component, our major objective was to compare the impacts of alternative biofuels policy options. We have published a paper on this topic in Energy Policy and another in Biofuels. In the U.S., the ethanol industry is up against a blending limit called the blend wall. We have published several papers covering the economic dimensions of the blending wall and subsidy. Another dimension of the analysis has been estimation of the induced land use impacts of US and EU biofuels programs. Because the US land supply available for row crops production is limited, most land use changes induced by biofuels occur outside the US. We have evaluated the magnitude of these changes. Another area of research has been an examination of the road impacts of potential cellulosic biofuel plants. Yet another area is an analysis of the economic costs of collecting, storing, and transporting corn cobs for possible use in a biofuel facility. Finally, we estimated the infrastructure requirements if much of the Renewable Fuel Standard were to be met with ethanol. The basic conclusion of this analysis is that it would be extremely difficult to meet the RFS with ethanol. Production of "drop-in" fuels is potentially a more viable pathway. For the biophysical (production/environment) research component, our overall goal is to develop a cropping system-level analysis of the potential for Miscanthus, switchgrass, maize-based and low-input native prairie production systems to provide renewable fuel while protecting natural resources; outputs include productivity comparisons as well as comparisons of field-level carbon (C) nitrogen (N) and water balances and fluxes, data needed to inform Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of C footprints and sustainability of candidate bioenergy cropping systems. In August 2010, switchgrass, Miscanthus and prairie top growth were 12, 38 and <5 t / ha, respectively; Miscanthus yields approximately doubled when compared to 2009 productivity (18 t / ha) indicating 3 years was necessary for the full-stand establishment and this years' analyses as well as those from any future year will reflect comparisons among stands of fully established crops. Activities for the 2010 grant year have focused on collection and analysis of samples (shoots, roots, rhizomes, crowns and stem bases collected monthly March - Dec.) from the 2010 growing season for nutrient (C, N, P and K) and nonstructural carbohydrate (starch and sugar) contents. For the water component, we have parameterized, calibrated and validated a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model using measured data on stream flow, land use, soil, and water quality from Wildcat Creek watershed. The calibrated was utilized to evaluate the impacts of various crop rotations, agricultural land management (e.g. tillage operations and fertilizer applications) related to biofeedstock production on hydrology and water quality. We have also utilized the model to evaluate the effects of various levels of crop residue removal on hydrology and water quality. PARTICIPANTS: The PI for the project and leader of the economics and policy component is Professor Wallace Tyner. His collaborators include Dr. Farzad Taheripour, senior research economist, Dr. Kemal Sarica, post doc, and students, David Perkis, Craig Rismiller, Daniela Viteri, Dileep Birur, Jayson Beckman, Matt Erickson, and Sarah Brechbill. All of these students have received or will receive MS or PhD degrees. The other major collaborator on the economics side is Professor Tom Hertel. In the biophysical component, collaborators of Co-PI Sylvie Brouder include Purdue faculty Dr. Jeff Volenec, Dr. Ron Turco and Dr. Gebisa Ejeta, USDA-ARS Research Scientist Dr. Douglas R. Smith, Mendel Biotech Researcher and Purdue Adjunct Asst. Prof. Dr. Damien Allen, Post-Doctoral researcher Dr. Pauline Chivenge-Nhamo and graduate students Jennifer Burks, MaryJane Orr, Monique Long, and Patrick Woodson. For the water component, the leader is Dr. Indrajeet Chaubey. One Ph.D. student and one M.S. student were trained on this project. In addition, the project results have been disseminated to various outlets, including national and international conferences and workshops. The target audiences are researchers, graduate students, state and federal agency personnel involved in watershed management planning and policy development. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences for the economics component include professional economists, Congressional staff, staff at USDA, DOE, and EPA, and media. Tyner does scores of media interviews each year to communicate the results of the research to a broader audience. Additional target audiences for the environmental component include professional agronomists, hydrologists and climate change modelers, staff at NRCS, and certified crop consultants. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: There were no major modifications to the project this year.

Impacts
The results of our analysis of alternative biofuels policy alternatives have been published in several outlets (see publication list) and have also been disseminated to Congressional offices and various interest groups such as the National Corn Growers Association and the American Coalition for Ethanol, Renewable Fuels Association, and others. Tyner has been a plenary speaker at the annual ACE and RFA conventions and many other meetings. The variable subsidy analysis was used by Senator Lugar in legislation he introduced in 2011. For the biophysical component, comparisons among the now-established stands show starkly different growth and root-shoot allocations among crops. While August above ground biomass varied 5-fold among crops, in Aug. - Dec. 2010 (3rd, 4th and 20th stand year of Miscanthus, switchgrass and prairie, respectively), belowground biomass was relatively constant across species at 10 to 15 t /ha. Shoot-root ratios of Miscanthus exceeded 5 kg / kg in Aug. and Sept. while those of switchgrass and prairie were approximately 1 kg / kg or less. Such belowground C allocations and shoot-root ratios suggest Miscanthus has a significantly higher productivity potential coupled to an equivalent C sequestration potential when compared to prairie and switchgrass. However, further analysis of belowground partitioning to rhizomes versus fine roots indicates the Miscanthus allocation may be to pools more meaningful to plant persistence (rhizomes) than to soil C sequestration (fine roots). Miscanthus allocation of dry matter to rhizomes versus roots was 16 kg / kg in Miscanthus versus < 1 kg / kg in switchgrass and prairie. Across crop species, response of yields to fertilizer N was relatively moderate with high variability among replicates but preliminary analyses suggest N rates dynamically impact the seasonal N fluxes within the plant including N reserves below ground which may have important implication for persistence. The evolving results from our study continue to be presented at a variety of grower and stakeholder meetings. Results are also informing key parameters that underpin economic and biophysical life cycle analysis and are being used in related studies of carbon credits and environmental footprints at landscape scales. For the water component, we have modified the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to evaluate removal of various levels of crop residue and its impact on hydrology and water quality. The modified model can be used by other researchers to perform similar evaluations. Our model results show that while the impact of corn stover removal on hydrology is relatively small, considerably greater losses of sediment, and pollutants attached to sediment can be expected. However, increased amounts of stover removal results in decrease in losses of mineral nitrogen and phosphorus. These results can be utilized to develop watershed management strategies for utilizing crop residue as a biofeedstock.

Publications

  • Tyner, Wallace E. What Drives Changes in Commodity Prices Is it Biofuels Biofuels 1(4) (2010), pp. 535-37.
  • Erickson, Matthew J., and Tyner, Wallace E. The Economics of Harvesting Corn Cobs for Energy. Purdue Extension ID-417-W (September 2010).
  • Tyner, Wallace E., Farzad Taheripour, and David Perkis. Comparison of Fixed versus Variable Biofuels Incentives. Energy Policy 38 (2010) 5530-5540.
  • Beckman, Jayson; Roman Keeney; and Wallace E. Tyner. Feed Demands and Co-product Substitution in the Biofuels Era. Agribusiness 26 (2010) pp. 1-21.
  • Golub, Alla, Thomas W. Hertel, Farzad Taheripour and Wallace E. Tyner, Modeling Biofuels Policies in General Equilibrium: Insights, Pitfalls and Opportunities, Chapter 6 in Frontiers of Economics and Globalization, Volume 7 New Developments in General Equilibrium Analysis for Trade Policy, edited by John Gilbert. Emerald Group Publishing, pp. 153-188, 2010.
  • Tyner, Wallace E., Sarah Brechbill, and David Perkis. Cellulosic Ethanol: Feedstocks, Conversion Technologies, Economics, and Policy Options. Congressional Research Service Report R41460 coordinated by Randy Schnepf, October 2010.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. The Integration of Energy and Agricultural Markets. Agricultural Economics 41, s1, pp. 193-201, November 2010.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. Why the Push for Drop-in Biofuels Biofuels (2010) 1(6), pp. 813-14.
  • Brechbill, Sarah C., Wallace E. Tyner, and Klein E. Ileleji. The Economics of Biomass Collection and Transportation and Its Supply to Indiana Cellulosic and Electric Utility Facilities, Bioenergy Research 4 (2011) pp. 141-152.
  • Erickson, Matthew J.; Wallace E. Tyner; and Chris Hurt. The Economics of Harvesting Corn Cobs for Energy Purdue Agricultural Economics Report, December 2010, pp. 7-11.
  • Taheripour F., T.W. Hertel, and W.E. Tyner, (2010). Implications of biofuels mandates for the global livestock industry: a computable general equilibrium analysis, Agricultural Economics, DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2010.00517.x.
  • Wang, Michael Q; Jeongwoo Han, Zia Haq; Wallace E. Tyner; May Wu; and Amdad Elgowainy. Energy and greenhouse gas emission effects of corn and cellulosic ethanol with technology improvements and land use changes. Biomass and Bioenergy 35 (2011), pp. 1885-1896.
  • Chaubey, I., B. Engel, M. Thomas, C. Raj, and D. Saraswat. 2010. Quantifying Impact of Biofeedstock Production on Hydrology/Water Quality in Midwest USA. EGU General Assembly 2010, Vol. 12, EGU2010-14599. May 2-7, Vienna, Austria, p.14599.
  • Chaubey, I., B. Bhaduri, B.A. Engel, P.T. Murphy, D. Saraswat, A. Antony, C. Raj, M.A. Thomas. 2010. Impact of biofeedstock production on hydrology/water quality in Midwest and Southeast USA. Poster presented at the Land Grant & Sea Grant National Water Conference. February 21-25, 2010. Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.
  • Feng, Q., I. Chaubey, J. Volenec, M.M. Kalcic, Y. Gu Her, M.A. Thomas, and C. Raj. 2011. Identification of available marginal land for biofeedstock production in Wildcat Creek watershed. Poster presented at the 6th Frontiers in Bioenergy Conference; US-Brazil Symposium on Sustainable Bioenergy. May 16-18, 2011, West Lafayette, IN.
  • Antony, A., B.A. Engel, and I. Chaubey. 2010. Web-based decision support tool to forecast nutrient losses from agricultural watersheds. Paper No. 1009064, Annual Conference of the ASABE, Pittsburgh, PA.
  • Chaubey, I. 2011. Developing watershed management strategies for bioenergy crops. 6th Frontiers in Bioenergy US-Brazil Symposium on Sustainable Bioenergy. May 16-18, 2011. West Lafayette, IN.
  • Erickson, Matthew J., Craig Dobbins, and Wallace E. Tyner. The Economics of Harvesting Corn Cobs for Energy. Crop Management March 2011.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. Review of the wide range of biofuels policy options for the USA in 2011. Biofuels 2(2) (March 2011), pp. 123-124.
  • Hernandez-Ramirez, G., S.M. Brouder, D.R. Smith, G.E. Van Scoyoc. 2011. Nitrogen partitioning and utilization in corn cropping systems: rotation, N-source, and N timing. European J Agron. 34:190-195..
  • Hernandez-Ramirez, G., S.M. Brouder, M.D. Ruark, R.F. Turco. 2011. Nitrate, phosphate, and ammonium loads at subsurface drains in the eastern cornbelt: Agroecosystem and nitrogen management. J. Environ. Qual. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0195.
  • Hernandez-Ramirez, G. and S.M. Brouder. 2010. Reactive nitrogen cycling and potential ecosystem services trade-offs in an eastern Corn Belt soil. In Soil Solutions for a Changing World, Proceedings of the 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Aug. 1-6, 2010, Brisbane, Australia.
  • Volenec, J.J. and S.M. Brouder. 2010. Water-use efficiency in biomass cropping systems. 2nd China-US Workshop on Biotechnology of Bioenergy Plants. Beijing, China. September 19-21.
  • Brouder, S.M., R.F. Turco, and J.J. Volenec. 2010. Nitrogen use efficiency in bioenergy cropping systems. 2nd China-US Workshop on Biotechnology of Bioenergy Plants. Beijing, China. September 19-21.
  • Brouder, S.M., and J.J. Volenec. 2010. Greenhouse gas emissions and pelicans: Ecological accounting in bioenergy cropping systems. China-US 2010 Joint Symp. on Energy, Ecosystem, and Environmental Change. Beijing, China. September 22-24.
  • Volenec, J.J., S.M. Brouder, and R.F. Turco. 2010. Agroecological considerations when growing biomass. China-US 2010 Joint Symp. on Energy, Ecosystem, and Environmental Change. Beijing, China. September 22-24.
  • Brouder, S.M., and J.J. Volenec. 2010 Environmental impacts of using annual crops for biofuel. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Meetings, Oct. 31 to Nov. 4, 2010. Presentation No. 250-1. http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2010am/webprogram/Paper57723.html.
  • Brouder, S.M., and J.J. Volenec. 2010. Grain and dual purpose production: system efficiencies, limitations, and potential. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Meetings, Oct. 31 to Nov. 4, 2010. Presentation No. 124-2. http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2010am/webprogram/Paper58277.html.
  • Burks, J, J.J. Volenec, and S.M. Brouder. 2010. Cycling Dynamics in Perennial Bioenergy Crops. Agron. Abstracts. Poster No. 56-14 N. http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2010am/webprogram/Paper59353.html
  • Volenec, J.J., S.M. Brouder, R.F. Turco, G. Ejeta, and D. Smith. 2010. Impact of water and nitrogen on biomass production and ecosystem services. pp. 18. In: Proc. Frontiers in Bioenergy, Purdue University, May 24-25.
  • Engel, B.A. I. Chaubey, M.A. Thomas, D. Saraswat, P. Murphy, B. Bhaduri. 2010. Biofuels and Water Quality: Challenges and Opportunities for Simulation Modeling. Future Science Group: Biofuels, 1(3):463-467.
  • Bickham, J.W. and M.A. Thomas. 2010. Eco-environmental Impact of Bioenergy Production. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 1(2):15-24.
  • Thomas, M.A, B.A. Engel, and I. Chaubey, A. Acushla, C. Raj, J. Volenec, S. Brouder, W. Tyner. 2010. A Spatial Decision Support Tool to Evaluate the Environmental Impacts of Biofeedstocks. Soil and Water Conservation Society: Sustainable Feedstocks for Advanced Biofuels Workshop. September 28-30, Atlanta, Georgia.
  • Thomas, M.A, B.A. Engel, and I. Chaubey. 2010. Environmental effects of harvesting agricultural residues for second-generation biofuels. ASABE Annual International Meeting. ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 20-24, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
  • Taheripour F., T. Hertel, W. Tyner, J. Beckman, and D. Birur. Biofuels and their By-Products: Global Economic and Environmental Implications, Biomass and Bioenergy 34 (2010), pp.278-89.
  • Tyner, Wallace E., and Daniela Viteri. Implications of Blending Limits on the US Ethanol and Biofuels Markets. Biofuels 1(2) (2010), pp.251-53.
  • Rismiller, Craig W., and Wallace E. Tyner. Transportation Infrastructure Implications of Development of a Cellulosic Biofuels Industry in Indiana. Journal of the Transportation Research Forum 49 (1) Spring 2010, pp. 95-112.
  • Tyner, Wallace E. Cellulosic Biofuels Market Uncertainties and Government Policy. Biofuels 1(3) (2010), pp. 389-91.
  • Tyner, Wallace E.; Taheripour, Farzad; Zhuang, Qianlai; Birur; Baldos, Uris. Land Use Changes and Consequent CO2 Emissions Due to US Corn Ethanol Production: A Comprehensive Analysis. Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, July 2010. Report to Argonne National Laboratory. http://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.aspRecordID= 3288