Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, scientists and agri-business representatives Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided extensive leadership in training and professional development in the areas of soil health and cover crops. This has involved university,government and private sector research scientists in addition to graduate students, agribusiness representatives and growers. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The NE 1040 results were distributed to the agricultural community through a Short Course, workshops, meeting sessions, presentations, publications, farm tours, demonstration trials, the release of preliminary data in handout format and a national webcast. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
2010: It is believed that the response to the combined chemical and bio-fumigation was due to better distribution of the toxicant associated with chemical fumigation. The work provided evidence that in addition to control of plant parasitic nematodes, some of the plant growth response were likely due to nutrient mineralization association with microbial decomposition. Funding for continuation of nematode/covercrop-compost/bio-fumigation research was obtained. The first sequence of covercrops were planted at the Northwest Michigan Horticultural Research Station in the fall of 2010. 2011: Four commercial potato fields were used to evaluate the impact of long-term alfalfa (10 years) on five soil enzymes (β-1,4-glucosidase, N-acetyl glucosaminidase, Phosphatase, Tyrosine aninopeptidase, and Phenol oxidase), carbon mineralization potential and nematode community structure. In nematode vertical distribution (0-60 cm soil depth) studies of commercial potato fields, population densities of both Paratrichodorus pachydermus and Pratylencus penetrans were significantly greater at soil depth of 30 to 60 cm than at 0 to 30 cm depths. In a comprehensive and random 2010-2011 survey of Hetrodera. glycines in MI soybean production H. glycines were detected on more than 50% of the farms. On a county basis, the those with the highest level of infestation were the counties with the greatest acreage of soybeans. Commercial soybean varieties from three sources of resistance (PI 548402, PI 88788, and PI 437654) were used in 2008-2010 field trials to evaluate the dynamics of HG Types associated with three commercial soybean fields. The at-planting and at-harvest population densities were determined for each variety at each of the nine site-year locations. Annual H. glycines reproduction and bean yield were also determined for each site. The initial population density was not significantly different among the various soybean genetics at seven of the site-year locations, indicating that the initial population density was relatively uniform among the varieties at the beginning of each growing season. The final population density was significantly different at eight of the site-year locations, indicating that the varieties had an effect on either increasing or decreasing H. glycines populations within a growing season. At five site-year locations, yield was found to be statistically significant, with resistant varieties out-yielding susceptible varieties in many instances. The reproductive factor was significant at six site-year locations, showing that the level of H. glycines reproduction was affected by the source of resistance used. PI 548402 and PI 437654 varieties had significantly lower reproductive factors than susceptible varieties. This was not true for PI 88788 varieties. 2012: Three commercial potato fields were used to compare the efficacy of sodium and potassium-based metam for control of potato early-die. Tuber yield and nematode population reduction were the same for both chemicals. There was also no difference in at-harvest soil potassium levels. The low rate of metam, 35.75 gallons per acre, performed as well as 75 gallons per acre. When a PI 88788-derived soybean variety was grown at a research site with an aggressive HG Type 2 soybean cyst nematode population, bean yields were less than 10 bushels per acre and mid-season SCN population densities very high. In the 2011 twelve-state evaluation of Avicta, Votivo and ProAct soybean seed treatments, the majority of the sites had a positive yield response. In 2012, a plant health regulator harpin protein seed treatment gave a positive response on cyst nematode resistant varieties, but not on susceptible varieties. Foliar applications of the nematicide, Movento resulted in a positive response on a susceptible, but not on a sugar beet cyst nematode resistant variety. One of the soybean cyst nematode plant health regulator sites appeared have a soybean cyst nematode suppressive soil. The 2012 Michigan potato soil health survey of 100 sites, using the Cornell University Soil Health System, resulted in an overall failing grade of 58.7. The water stable aggregate, water relationships, subsurface hardness, active carbon, nitrogen mineralization potential and organic matter components of the system need improvement; whereas, potassium, phosphorus and minor elements were optimal. 2013: Objective 1. Biological Control. - Votivo® , a biological control agent (Bacillus firmus) from Bayer, was evaluated for Heterodera glycines control in 23 trials in 2011-2012 in twelve states and Ontario, including Michigan. in 2011 and two in 2012. Positive responses were obtained in 18 of the trails in 2011; however, statistical significance at P = 0.05 was only observed in two of the locations. Similar results were obtained in 2012. The 2013 Michigan trial appears to have an excellent response, in regards to susceptible, PI 88788 and PI 548402 varieties. Greenhouse trials with Pasteuria sp. were also conducted for control of H. sahachtii. Cover Crops. - Cover crop research is in progress with various plant species such as oilseed radish, mustards in potato, corn, soybean and cherry production systems. As part of this project, three laws for successful cover cropping have been developed. Resistance. - A significant number of sugar beet varieties were available in 2013 for management of H. schachtii in Michigan. They are all, however, BCN tolerant and not BCN resistant. The 2013 SCN resistant variety/seed treatment trial is an excellent example of the development a HG Type two population that can no longer be adequately managed with a PI 88788 derived variety. A new H. glycines resistance blend was marketed in Michigan for the first time in 2014. Plant Health Regulators.- N-Hibit®, a plant health regulator protein (Harpin) from Plant Health Care was evaluated as a seed treatment for control of H. glycines in 2011, 2012 and 2013. In the 2013 trial, the seed treatment was evaluated as a foliar treatment on potatoes for control of early-die and on sugar beets for BCN control. Objective 2. Soil samples were collected according to the Cornell University Soil Health Protocol from 96 locations on eight Michigan potato farms for analysis by the Cornell University Soil Health Laboratory. A Specialty Crop Block Grant was obtained. In preparation for a 2013 soil health presentation at the 109th Annual Meeting of the Washington State Horticultural Association, previous research data from the NE Regional Nematology Project were reanalyzed. 2014: Objective 1. Biological Control.- 2014 seed treatment research with VOTiVO® (Bacillus firmus) from Bayer and Clariva® (Pasteuria nishizawa) from Syngenta provided soybean cyst nematode (SCN) control and associated yield increases in some, but not all, field test locations. In all cases, however, the positive response was only associated with SCN resistant varieties. Cover Crops.- Numerous cover greenhouse trials were conducted for host status analysis in relation to SCN and BCN. New longterm potato early die and cherry replant cover crop trials were initiated for the discovery of methodologies designed to replace soil fumigation. Resistance.- SCN resistant variety trials indicated that SCN Type 2 populations are increasing and the utility of PI88788 derived cultivars is decreasing. Soil Amendments.- In a cherry orchard replant soil amendment trial with compost (surface and in the planting hole applied) and mulch, the greatest first year tree growth was associate with Starter 101® compost applied in the planting hole. In a greenhouse trial with SCN infested soil and a SCN susceptible cultivar, BioChar applied at 1.0 tons per acre had no impact on soybean growth or SCN populations. Objective 2. An eight year 54 acre potato soil health trial was established at a large commercial potato farm.
Publications
|
Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, scientists and agri-business representatives. Changes/Problems:This soil health research and education initiative is a long-term process. Much progress has been made during the past six years. The most important change relates to the inclusion of scientists outside of nematology, direct interaction with farmers and the recent educational involvement with agribusiness. The bigest challenge is that domain of soil health still remains at the boundary of soil science and with MSU having many fewer soil scientists than in the past. The discipline is streched to its limits to cover the current conventional agricultural system. The true nature of NE-1040 is providing leadership for a global transition from a chemo-based agriculture to a bio-based agriculture. The interesting fact is that bio-based agriculture is far more chemically complex than the current chemo-based agricultural system. As with all truly pioneering initiatives, this is both a difficult research and educational challenge. Although Modern science recognizes nematodes ad the most common group of animals on our planet. this is not wiedly recognized. One of the issues relates to the fact that most nematodes are microscopic. Some cause infectious disease of plants, animals or humans. Others are highly beneficial and make matter and energy available for the growth and development of plants. The purpose of NE-1040 is to 1) conduct the research necessary for development of improved and environmentally sound management procedures designed to prevent economic losses due to nematodes that cause infectious diseases of plants, avery broad and difficult undertaking 2) prevent the degradation of natural resources: with special emphasis on soil health, a truly pioneering topic and 3) develop and implement high quality education materials and programs that enhance the knowledge base of agricultural producers and result in a high quality of life at local, state, regional, national and global levels, nce again, broad and challenging. The Michigan component of NE-1040 focuses on seven types of nematodes associated with soybeans, sugar beets, potatoes and cherries, and much remains to be learned about each of these associations. The project is desiged to interact with various Michiganb agricultural organizations, corporations and other public sector research and education programs, a very time consuminbg endeavor. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?As indicated in the Objective 3. Portion of this CRIS report, the project has taken the opportunity to provide extensive leadership in training and professional development in the areas of soil health and cover crops. This has involved university, government and private sector research scientists in addition to graduate students, agribusiness representatives and growers. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The NE 1040 results have been distributed to the agricultural community through a Short Course, workshops, meeting sessions, farm tours, demonstration trials, the release of preliminary data in handout format and a national webcast. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?2016 is the final, year of the seven year NE 1040 project. All of the research and Objective 3. work described in this 2015 CRIS report will be continued in Michigan in 2016. Special reference, however will be given to the three publications and the long-term research trials. In addition, there will be a project termination report. NE 1040 has received permission to re write the project for a future research initiative.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Biological Control.- 2014 seed treatment research with VOTiVO® (Bacillus firmus) from Bayer and Clariva® (Pasteuria nishizawa) from Syngenta provided soybean cyst nematode (SCN) control and associated yield increases in some, but not all, field test locations. In all cases, however, the positive response was only associated with SCN resistant varieties. Sugar beet yield increases with Clariva® were marginal and impacts on beet cyst nematode were not detectable. Cover Crops.- Numerous cover greenhouse trials were conducted for host status analysis in relation to SCN and BCN. The results clearly indicated that host status for both nematodes is cover crop cultivar and not plant species specific. New long-term potato early die and cherry replant cover crop trials were initiated for the discovery of methodologies designed to replace soil fumigation. Two sources of pearl millet used for root-lesion nematode management yield very different growth characteristics and biomass. Resistance.- SCN resistant variety trials indicated that SCN Type 2 populations are increasing and the utility of PI88788 derived cultivars is decreasing. The highest bean yields were associated with PI548402 derived cultivars. BCN resistant cultivar research demonstrated that cultivars marketed as resistant are BCN tolerant and not BCN resistant. Soil Amendments.- In a cherry orchard replant soil amendment trial with compost (surface and in the planting hole applied) and mulch, the greatest first year tree growth was associate with Starter 101® compost applied in the planting hole. In a greenhouse trial with SCN infested soil and a SCN susceptible cultivar, BioChar applied at 1.0 tons per acre had no impact on soybean growth or SCN populations. When the same cultivar was planted in 100 per cent BioChar, shoot growth was initially stimulated and after 60 days the root systems were 4.5 fold greater than those associated with the untreated control, even in the absence of nitrogen fixation bacteria. Objective 2. Both NE-1040 and the Michigan Potato Industry must be considered as true pioneers in the current Soil Health and cover Crop Movements. An eight year 54 acre potato soil health trial has been established at a large commercial potato farm. The research involves two soil biologists, a molecular biologist, an agricultural economist and a environmental sensing specialist from MSU, in addition to the farm owner and two private consultants. The molecular analysis of the soil biology has documented the complexity of both the bacterial and fungal components of the ecosystem. A drone was crashed during the initial stages of the 2015 above ground monitoring protocol. A two day Michigan Potato Soil Health researcher and educator only meeting was held in the spring of 2015 as a follow up to the original 2012 workshop. As a result of this initiative, three publications, one Extension, one research review and one crop ecology are in preparation. Objective 3. In partial fulfillment of this objective, a Nematode Short Course for Agri Business was held at Michigan State University on July 20, 2015. In addition to general sessions on nematology and soil health, there were breakout sessions on cover crops and host plant resistant management, with presenters from Iowa State University, Ohio State University, the University of Wisconsin and the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , in addition to those from Michigan State University. The Short Course had 70 participants and included a cover crop field demonstration trial at the end of the day. In addition, a MSU NE-1040 representative will have been involved in approximately 40 invited soil health presentations since the initial one at the Washington State Horticultural Society meeting in December 2012 and those scheduled for the winter of 2015.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Warner, F., A. Tenny and G. Bird. 2015. SCN (HG) Type Testing: What's the Deal? Michigan Soybean News 7:4-7.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Bird, G. 2015 Biological Protection Solutions. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists. p.39.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Maredia, K., G. Bird, et al. 2015. Integrated Pest Management in Central Asia (In) Environmental Crises in Central Asia: From Steppes to Seas, From Deserts to Glaciers, Eric Freedman (ed). Knight Center for Environmental Journalism. Michigan State University.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Bird, 2015. SCN Webcast, July 8, 2015, Plant Health Network, American Phytopathological society.
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
There was a PI change in this project, I am the new PI and brand new to the project and there is nothing to report at this time.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Habteweld, A., Brainard, D., Ngouajio, M., Kravchenko, S. and Melakeberhan, H. 2014. Potential use of compost for managing nematodes, soil health and carrot yield. Journal of Nematology 46: 171.
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Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Scientists, U.S. farmers and agriculturalists on a global basis. Changes/Problems: The concept of plant health regulators was unknown to NAE-1040 scientists at the beginning of this project. It has been integrated into the reserach and will be continued in 2014. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The results from this project were present at multiple scientific meetins, at numerous invited agricultural meetins and to university students, in addition to working with growers in on-farm demonstrations of the innovations. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The results have been disseminated in 2012 to appropriate individuals and organizations of interest as indicated in the following: 2012 Research outreach presentations. - Field Crops Pest Management, Paw, Paw, January 13, 2012 - Field Crops Pest Management, Frankenmuth, January 16, 2012 - MSPC Meeting, Dowagiac, January 18, 2012 - Corn/Soybean Meeting, Lenawee Co., .January 19, 2012 - Michigan Sugar Beet Meeting, Bay City, January 26. 2012 - Field Crops Pest Management, Alma, January 30, 2012 - Field Crops Pest Management, Alpena, January 31, 2012 - Field Crops Pest Management, Mason, February 1, 2012 - Corn/Soybean Meeting, Coldwater, February 2, 2012 - Corn/Soybean Meeting, Sanilac, February 3, 2012 - Winter Potato Conference, Mt. Pleasant, February 15, 2012 - Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Convention, Niagara, February 22, 2012 - North Central Cover Crops Meeting, Purdue University, February 29, 2012 - Ontario Soil Fumigation Workshop, Essex Co., March 23, 2012 - Potato Soil Health Workshop, East Lansing, March 30, 2012 - Master Gardner College, East Lansing, June 9, 2012 - International Organic Tree Fruit Conference, June 19, 2012 - MSU IPM Short Course, East Lansing, June 18, 2012 - National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, July 13, 2012 - Morgan Composting Field Day, August 2, 2012 - Biological Farm Tour, East-Central Michigan, August 8, 2012 - Montcalm Potato Field Day, August 9, 2012 - CANR Retirement Seminar Presentation, East Lansing, October 23, 2012 - Soil Health, Landscape Industry Symposium, November 29, 2012 - Cover Crops/Soil Health, EXPO, Grand Rapids, December 6, 2012 - Nematode Management in Celery Production, EXPO, Grand Rapids, Dec. 6, 2012 - SCN Seed Treatment, ICM Mtg. East Lansing, December 14, 2012 - Cover Crops, Indiana Consultants Workshop, Indianapolis, December 18, 2012 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? This is a seven year research porject with well-developed Milestones. the 2014 work is desinged to assist in accomplishing the NE-1040 Milestones for 2014. For example. the potato cover crop research that will be completed in 2014 was started under field conditions in 2012.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Biological Control. - Votivo® , a biological control agent (Bacillus firmus) from Bayer, was evaluated for Heterodera glycines control in 23 trials in 2011-2012 in twelve states and Ontario, including Michigan. in 2011 and two in 2012. Positive responses were obtained in 18 of the trails in 2011; however, statistical significance at P = 0.05 was only observed in two of the locations. Similar results were obtained in 2012. The 2013 Michigan trial appears to have an excellent response, in regards to susceptible, PI 88788 and PI 548402 varieties. Greenhouse trials with Pasteuria sp. were also conducted for control of H. sahachtii. The results are currently proprietary information. Pasteuria Bioscience was purchased by Syngenta in 2012 and Pasteuria is being marketed as a seed treatment for control of H. glycines in in 2014 in the north central region. Cover Crops. - Cover crop research is in progress with various plant species such as oilseed radish, mustards in potato, corn, soybean and cherry production systems. These are multi-year trials and the results will be presented at NE 1040 in 2014. In one case, however, it is interesting to note that both oil seed radish and annual rye grass were seeded using a hog manure slurry. The trial was no-tilled. The corn looks excellent, however, the soybeans were uneven after oil seed radish, compared to the annual rye grass or oat stubble. There is currently much confusion among growers in the north central region about cover crops. As part of this project, three laws for successful cover cropping have been developed. Resistance. - A significant number of sugar beet varieties were available in 2013 for management of H. schachtii in Michigan. They are all, however, BCN tolerant and not BCN resistant. The 2013 SCN resistant variety/seed treatment trial is an excellent example of the development a HG Type two population that can no longer be adequately managed with a PI 88788 derived variety. A new H. glycines resistance blend will be marketed in Michigan for the first time in 2014. The molecular evidence for H. rostochiensis resistance in the variety Bolder was confirmed in a in a field trial in Kyrgyzstan. Plant Health Regulators.- N-Hibit®, a plant health regulator protein (Harpin) from Plant Health Care was evaluated as a seed treatment for control of H. glycines in 2011, 2012 and 2013. In the 2013 trial, the seed treatment had a positive vegetative growth response on susceptible, PI 88788, PI 548402 and blended varieties (Table 1). It is also being evaluated in 2013 as a foliar treatment on potatoes for control of early-die and on sugar beets for BCN control. Objective 2. The Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC) has identified soil health as a key limiting factor in relation to the future success of the industry. In December of 2011, MPIC requested assistance in development of a soil health initiative. In May of 2012, the Michigan Potato Industry Commission issued a White paper on Soil Health. The document recommends three contains three Phases. Following a Michigan Potato Soil Health Workshop in March 2012, soil samples were collected according to the Cornell University Soil Health Protocol from 96 locations on eight Michigan potato farms for analysis by the Cornell University Soil Health Laboratory. The sites were selected to represent potential high yield, potato early-die and potato scab fields. Samples from woodlots and sites with no history of potato were also included in the survey. Available water capacity, soil organic matter, active carbon and mineralizable nitrogen potential were poor; aggregate stability, subsurface hardness, root health and pH were fair, and surface hardness, phosphorus, potassium and minor elements good, resulting in an overall Soil Health Score of 57.8. The system was not able to separate the three sampling categories. A Specialty Crop Block Grant was obtained for Phase II and discussions are in progress with the Michigan corn, soybean and sugar beet industries in regards to Phase III Objective 3. In preparation for a 2013 soil health presentation at the 109th Annual Meeting of the Washington State Horticultural Association, previous research data from the NE Regional Nematology Project were reanalyzed. It appears that reconstruction of an O-horizon is of significance for increased productivity, soil health and fruit tree health. The data indicate that application of mulch can contribute to this process. An additional 28 outreach presentations related to NE-1040 were made in 2012.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Bird, G. W. and J. Smith. 2013. Observations on the Biology of Organic Orchard Soils. Acta Horticulture . 1001:287-293.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Zoppolo, R., D. Stefanelli, G. Bird and R. Perry. 2012. Soil properties under different orchard floor management systems for organic apple production, Organic Agriculture Vol. No. 4:231-246.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Zalom, F., B. Tashpulatova, R. Maulvanova, G. Bird and K. Maridia. 2012. IPM Packages for Central Asia. Proc. 7th Int. IPM Symposium. Mar 27-29, Memphis TN. Abstr. 25.7.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Atwood, L. W., J. Bingen and G. W. Bird. 2012. Does the Source of Agricultulral Management Advice Influence Growers Perception of Problematic Weeds? Poster Session. Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2012, the MI component of NE-1040 provided outputs to the MI soybean, sugar beet potato, celery, carrot and organic communities through presentations and demonstrations at 15 different meetings and field days. This included project-related information on the relationship between soybean cyst nematode resistant varieties and HG Types, sugar beet cyst nematode and soybean cyst nematode management with plant health regulators, evaluation of seed treatments for cyst nematode management, a soil health survey of 100 Michigan potato fields using the Cornell University Soil Health Laboratory and a comparative analysis of sodium-based and potassium-based metam in relation to potato early-die management. Work continued in Kyrgyzstan on potato cyst nematode management, formerly part of the Central Asia IPM/CRSP project, including plans to build a new Nematode Diagnostics Laboratory in Bishkek. In addition, two peer-reviewed publications, two grower field guides, three Extension bulletins, three commodity newsletter articles, two commodity website postings and five scientific meeting abstracts were published. The project also provided leadership for the new Michigan potato soil health initiative and the White Paper published on this topic by the Michigan Potato Industry Commission. Based on the requests for additional information and presentations from this project for 2013, and numerous discussions with both the scientific and agricultural communities, the outputs associated with NE-1040 appear to be having a highly significant impact on both how people think about agricultural-soil health systems and how they manage their daily activities. PARTICIPANTS: Michigan Potato Industry Commission Michigan Soybean Promotion Committee Michigan Sugar company Collaboration with approximately 100 scientists and growers TARGET AUDIENCES: Michigan Agricultural Community Nematologists Scientist community in general concerning Soil Health General Public PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None
Impacts
Three commercial potato fields were used to compare the efficacy of sodium and potassium-based metam for control of potato early-die. Tuber yield and nematode population reduction were the same for both chemicals. There was also no difference in at-harvest soil potassium levels. The low rate of metam, 35.75 gallons per acre, performed as well as 75 gallons per acre. When a PI 88788-derived soybean variety was grown at a research site with an aggressive HG Type 2 soybean cyst nematode population, bean yields were less than 10 bushels per acre and mid-season SCN population densities very high. In the 2011 twelve-state evaluation of Avicta, Votivo and ProAct soybean seed treatments, the majority of the sites had a positive yield response. In 2012, a plant health regulator harpin protein seed treatment gave a positive response on cyst nematode resistant varieties, but not on susceptible varieties. Foliar applications of the nematicide, Movento resulted in a positive response on a susceptible, but not on a sugar beet cyst nematode resistant variety. One of the soybean cyst nematode plant health regulator sites appeared have a soybean cyst nematode suppressive soil. The 2012 Michigan potato soil health survey of 100 sites, using the Cornell University Soil Health System, resulted in an overall failing grade of 58.7. The water stable aggregate, water relationships, subsurface hardness, active carbon, nitrogen mineralization potential and organic matter components of the system need improvement; whereas, potassium, phosphorus and minor elements were optimal. All eight of the potato varieties evaluated in the first year of the potato IPM CRSP trial in Tajikistan performed well. In Kyrgyzstan, the two golden nematode resistant varieties performed well at one of the potato cyst nematode infested sites, but not at a second location.
Publications
- Zoppolo R, D. Stefanelli, G. Bird and R. Perry. 2012. Soil properties under different orchard floor management systems for organic apple production. Organic Agriculture Vol. 4:231-246.
- Douches, D., J. Coombs, K. Felcher, W. Kirk and G. Bird. 2010. Missaukee: A round white potato variety combining chip-processing with resistance to late blight, Verticillium wilt and golden cyst nematode. Amer J. Potato Res. 87:10-18.
- Bird, G. W. and L. Wernette. 2011. Potato Nematodes: A Farm Guide to Nematode Diagnostics and Management. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. 24 pp.
- Wernette, L. and G. W. Bird. 2011. Potato Soil Fumigation: A Field Guide to Fumigant Management Plans: With Special Reference to Potato Early-Die in Michigan. Department of Entomology, Michiigan State University, East Lansing, MI. 24 pp.
- Bird, G. W. 2012. Observations on the Biology of organic Orchard Soils. Proceedings of the 2012 Organic Fruit Research Symposium. Leavenworth, WA. p. 19.
- Bird, G. W. 2012. Nature of Soil Health: With Special Reference to Nematodes. 2012 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of ONTA, Cancun, Mexico, p. 46.
- Zalom. F., B. Tashpulatova, R. Maulvanova, G. Bird and K. Maridia. 2012. IPM Packages for Central Asia. Proceedings of the Seventh IPM Symposium. Memphis, TN. Abstr. 25:7.
- Atwood, L. W., J. Bingen and G. W. Bird. 2012. Does Source of Agricultulral Management Advice Influence Grower Perception of Weeds. Ann.Mtg. Weed Sci. Amer. Adams, J., G. W. Bird et al. 2012. BUGWORMS.COM. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, Savannah, Georgia. p. 32.
- Bird, G., B. Bishop, E. Grafius, M. Hausbeck, L. Jess, W. Kirk and W. Pett. 2012. Insect, Disease and Nematode Control for Commercial Vegetables. MI Ext. Bull. E-312. 130 pp.
- DiFonzo, C., G. Bird and Fred Warner. 2012. Insect and Nematode Control in Michigan Field Crops. Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E-1582. 73 pp.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2011, the MI component of NE-104 provided outputs to the MI soybean, sugar beet potato and organic communities through presentations and demonstrations at 18 different meetings and field days, in addition to three extension publications. This included project-related information on soil enzymes, vertical distribution of nematodes, distribution of soybean cyst nematode, impact of resistant varieties and nematode community structure. In addition, the information was presented at meetings to groups of regional, national and international nemtologists. It was also presented through the IPM CRSP project to scientists and students in both Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. In addition, two M.S. thesis, one peer reviewed publication, two international Extension publications (Montenegro), and three scientific journal abstracts were published. Based on the requests for additional information and presentations from this project for 2012 and numerous discussions with both the scientific and agricultural communities, the outputs associated with NE-1040 appear to be having a major impact on both how people think about systems and how they manage their daily activities. PARTICIPANTS: The following individuals and organizations participated in the project in 2011: George W. Bird, Professor, Michigan State University; Loren Wernette, Graduate Researsch Assistant, Michigan State University; Lesley Schumacher-Lott, Graduate Resarch Assistant, Michigan State University; Technical Committee of NE-1040; Michigan Sugar; Michigan Soybean Promotion Committee; Michigan Potato Industry Commission; Members of the Central Asia IPM CRSP Project and Haddish Melakeberhan, Associate Professor, Michigan State University. TARGET AUDIENCES: The following target audiences were interacted with during 2011: Michigan agricultural community, Michigan organic community, North Central, Soybean Research Program Board, northeastern region nematologists, U.S. nematologists, Potato Association of America, tomato growers of Montenegro, science students and faculty of the National University of Tajikistan, and the science students and faculty of the Kyrgyzstan Agrarian University. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Four commercial potato fields were used to evaluate the impact of long-term alfalfa (10 years) on five soil enzymes (β-1,4-glucosidase, N-acetyl glucosaminidase, Phosphatase, Tyrosine aninopeptidase, and Phenol oxidase), carbon mineralization potential and nematode community structure. Phosphatase and Tyrosine aninopeptidase activity was significantly greater in soil from the long-term alfalfa than that associated with potato-seed corn rotation sites. Carbon mineralization associated wit the continuous alfalfa, was also significantly greater than that from the potato-seed corn rotation fields. There were significantly more omnivore and herbivore nematodes associated with the continuous alfalfa compared to the potato-seed corn rotations. In nematode vertical distribution (0-60 cm soil depth) studies of commercial potato fields, population densities of both Paratrichodorus pachydermus and Pratylencus penetrans were significantly greater at soil depth of 30 to 60 cm than at 0 to 30 cm depths. In a comprehensive and random 2010-2011 survey of Hetrodera. glycines in MI soybean production (558 farms in 46 counties), H. glycines was detected on more than 50% of the farms. On a county basis, the those with the highest level of infestation were the counties with the greatest acreage of soybeans. Commercial soybean varieties from three sources of resistance (PI 548402, PI 88788, and PI 437654) were used in 2008-2010 field trials to evaluate the dynamics of HG Types associated with three commercial soybean fields. The at-planting and at-harvest population densities were determined for each variety at each of the nine site-year locations. Annual H. glycines reproduction and bean yield were also determined for each site. The initial population density was not significantly different among the various soybean genetics at seven of the site-year locations, indicating that the initial population density was relatively uniform among the varieties at the beginning of each growing season. The final population density was significantly different at eight of the site-year locations, indicating that the varieties had an effect on either increasing or decreasing H. glycines populations within a growing season. At five site-year locations, yield was found to be statistically significant, with resistant varieties out-yielding susceptible varieties in many instances. The reproductive factor was significant at six site-year locations, showing that the level of H. glycines reproduction was affected by the source of resistance used. PI 548402 and PI 437654 varieties had significantly lower reproductive factors than susceptible varieties. This was not true for PI 88788 varieties.
Publications
- Atwood, L., J. Bingen and G. Bird. 2011. Does the Source of Agricultural Management Advice Influence Growers Perceptions of Weeds Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America. (Abstr.). Bird, G. W. 2011. Relationship between genetic diversity and primary productivity: A Heterodera glycines case study. Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists. (Abstr.). p. 53. Pajovic, I, G. W. Bird, A. Diop, N. Perovic, M. Radulovic, B. Morgan and J. Scrimger. 2011. Compost, soil quality, nematodes and greenhouse vegetable production. University of Montenegro , Montenegro Phytosanitary Directorate. 2 pp. Pajovic, I and G. W. Bird. 2011. Root-knot nematode problems in vegetable greenhouses in Montenegro. University of Montenegro , Montenegro Phytosanitary Directorate. 2 pp. Schumacher, L. 2011. Bionomics of Heterodera glycines and Pratylenchus penetrans associated with Michigan Sopybean Production. M.S. Thesis. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing. 82 pp. Tornel, M. Q., G. Bird and S. Gage. 2010. Impact of microwaves and water on acoustical signature of yard and kitchen refuse compost. Compost Science and Utilization 18:140-144. Wernette, L. 2011. Potato Nematyode Research: With Sopecial Reference to Potato-Early Die, Corky Ringspot and Soil Enzymes. M.S. Thesis. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing. 92 pp. Wernette, L., G. W. Bird, K. Wickings and A. S. Grandy. Impact of Anfalfa on Soil-Borne Enzymes in Potato Systems. 2011. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America. (Abstr.) pp. 41-42.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Pacific Gold Mustard was evaluated as a bio-fumigant alternative, to commercial chemical fumigants for control of plant parasitic nematodes in northern Michigan cherry orchards.. In one of the orchards, alternate tree rows were fumigated with Telone II (1,3-D), in addition to bio-fumigation process. At this site, plant-parasitic nematode population densities were above the action threshold for soil fumigation. Biofumigation reduced population densities of plant parasitic nematodes to below the pathogenicity threshold. The orchards were planted in 2007. Tree trunk diameters were measured at 25 cm above ground in 2009. Random measurement of tree trunk diameters of 20 percent of trees in each row in 2010, showed the trees fumigated with Telone II before planting had an average of 0.25 inches larger diameter than those planted on sites where only the bio-fumigation process was used.Three SDS research projects were conducted in. Two were variety trials and the other an inoculation-irritation resistant variety trial with Fusarium virguliforme (Fv) and four irritation regimes. The soybean variety trial in Van Buren Co. MI was at a site heavily infested with both Heterodera glycines (SCN) and a highly aggressive population of Fv. Two SCN susceptible and one SCN resistant varieties were included in the trial. The varieties were used with and without a nematicide seed treatment. The DX (DS x DI/9) associated with the SCN susceptible varieties averaged 35.7; whereas, those associated with the SCN resistant variety averaged 0.06. Bean yields associated with the SCN resistant variety averaged 53.7 bu/A, while those associated with the SCN susceptible varieties averaged 22.8 bu/A. The seed treatment had no impact on bean yield, The second variety trial was conducted in Macomb Co., MI at a site with a moderate population density of SCN and a relatively non-aggressive population of Fv. One SCN susceptible variety and four SCN resistant varieties plus a mixture of varieties were evaluated. The DX associated with the SCN susceptible variety was greater than that associated with any of the other varieties and that of the multi-var combination. The lowest DX was associated with the PI 437654 x PI 88788 variety. The lowest bean yield was associated with the SCN susceptible variety and the highest with the milti-var mixture. SDS susceptible (DF 8251) and SDS resistant (DF 8265) varieties were used in the inoculation-irrigation trial. Half of the plots were inoculated with a mild strain of Fv and four irrigation regimes were used for a total of 16 treatments, each replicated four times. SDS symptoms were only visible on a single plant. In all cases, however, directly comparable bean yields were higher for the resistant variety than for the susceptible variety. With the resistant variety, the yields were lower when the seed was inoculated with Fv, compared to the non-inoculated seed. The same was not readily observable for the susceptible variety. The highest bean yields were associated with the resistant variety grown with the Fv seed inoculation and irrigated from flowering to harvest. PARTICIPANTS: All of the individuals that worked on this projec in 2010 are listed as authors in the publications section. The project works closely with the Michigan potato, soybean and cherry industries. In 2010 the potato component of the program also conducted research in both Wisconsin and Washington State. TARGET AUDIENCES: An average of at least one gower- industry education initiative associated with this project were conducted each week throughout 2010. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
It is believed that the response to the combined chemical and bio-fumigation was due to better distribution of the toxicant associated with chemical fumigation. The work also provides evidence that in addition to control of plant parasitic nematodes, some of the plant growth response were likely due to nutrient mineralization association with microbial decomposition. Additional research is needed on the nutrient cycling attributes of the process of soil fumigation.. Funding for continuation of nematode/covercrop-compost/bio-fumigation research was obtained. The first sequence of covercrops weres planted at the Northwest Michigan Horticultural Research Station in the fall of 2010. The cherry orchard associated with this initiative will be established in the spring of 2012. Beginning in 2011, the research site will be used for cherry grower education programs. The information will also be used for development of a new MI soil fumigation pocket guide that will include both chemical and biological technologies. SDS was more serious in MI in 2010 than every before. The research data from this project will be used in the winter of 2010-2011 for more than a dozen grower education programs that are designed to research an estimated twenty-five percent if Michigan's 12,000 soybean growers.
Publications
- Schumacher-Lott, L., Bird, G., Davenport, J. and Dendle T. 2010. Effects of Soybean Cyst Nematode-Resistant Varieties on Field Population of Heterodera Glycines in Michigan. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists. Boise, Idaho.
- Wernette, L., Bird, G., Kirk, W. and Davenport, J. 2010. Corky Ring Spot Dieseas of Potato Control Research. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America. Corvalis, Oregon.
- Bird, G., Kudwa, B., Sullivan, D., Wernettem L. and Otto, M. 2010. Michigan Metam Sodium Atmospheric Emission Study. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America. Corvalis, Oregon.
- Bird, G., Kudwa, B., Sullivan, D. and Wernette, L. 2010. Potential Impact of the Metam Sodium Re-registration Process on Potato Production: with Special Reference fo Michigan. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists. Boise, Idaho.
- Wernette, L., Bird, G., Kirk, W. and J. Davenport. 2010. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists. Boise, Idaho.
- Grigar, J., Bromelmier, D., Sova, J., Moore, S. and Bird, G. 2010. Soil Quality Enhancement for Northern Michigan Tree Fruit Production and Seed Potatoes Using Compost and Pacific Gold oriental Mustard Cover Crop. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Atronomy Society. San Diego.
- Wilson, L. 2010. Getting to Know an MSU Researcher. Michigan Soybean News Vol. 2(4):4-5.
- Brown-Rytewski, D., Bird, G., Warner, F. and Barnett, K. 2010. Soybean Cyste Nematode (SCN) Management. Michigan Soybean News Vol. 1(3):14-21.
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