Source: UNIV OF MINNESOTA submitted to NRP
DETECTION AND CONTROL OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS AND EMERGING VIRAL DISEASES OF SWINE
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0221150
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NC-_OLD229
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2009
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2014
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF MINNESOTA
(N/A)
ST PAUL,MN 55108
Performing Department
Veterinary Biomedical Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most devastating disease of swine in the USA. Successful completion of the project aims will result in enhanced control of PRRS. Benefits will include reduced animal suffering, thus enhancing health and well-being. Swine producers will experience improved economic gain due to reduction in animal losses and more efficient pork production. The greatest impact of the successful conclusion of this research will be new paradigms for the control of swine viral respiratory infections. Progress toward this goal will proceed through the successful accomplishment of specific aims and milestones described later in this proposal. The creation and operation of a virtual university environment where investigators share data and ideas has been effected by the PRRS CAP programs. A major milestone for this NC229 renewal will be to expand this network to address the real industry problem of complex swine viral respiratory infections that result in PRDC. A second milestone will be risk assessment projects that will demonstrate new protocols and management techniques for the control and elimination from herds of swine viral respiratory infections.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
3113510110110%
3113510104015%
3113510109030%
3113510116015%
3113510117030%
Knowledge Area
311 - Animal Diseases;

Subject Of Investigation
3510 - Swine, live animal;

Field Of Science
1040 - Molecular biology; 1090 - Immunology; 1101 - Virology; 1160 - Pathology; 1170 - Epidemiology;
Goals / Objectives
Elucidating the mechanisms of host-pathogen(s) interactions. Understanding the ecology and epidemiology of PRRSV and emerging viral diseases of swine Developing effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention and control of PRRSV and emerging viral diseases of swine
Project Methods
Objective 1: Studies will establish underlying biological processes that determine the outcome of porcine encounters with viral respiratory pathogens. This objective will be achieved by research that seeks to provide a mechanistic understanding of: 1) host intrinsic, innate and adaptive immune responses; 2) disease pathogenesis at the molecular and cellular levels; and 3) viral co-infections on respiratory disease pathogenesis and host immune response. The expected results will provide a rational basis to design effective methods of protection and control, including vaccines and adjuvants, development of antivirals for treatment of acute disease, and improvement of diagnostic tools and methods for rapid, pen-side pathogen detection, and economical assessment of swine respiratory health, as well as environmental monitoring for disease surveillance. Objective 2: In these objective factors influencing virus transmission within and between swine farms will be determined to reduce economic losses caused by viral diseases. Identifying the mechanisms by which these pathogens enter, circulate and persist in swine herds is a critical step to devising methods that effectively prevent, control and/or eliminate these diseases. Objective 3: 3a. Novel molecular adjuvants and adjuvant strategy. Devise and evaluate strategies that boost recognition of PRRSV and emerging viral disease antigens to improve cross-protective immunity: 1) Incorporate molecular adjuvants into existing modified-live vaccines; 2) Evaluate adjuvanted subunit vaccines; 3) Evaluate inclusion of novel immunostimulants such as TLR agonists; and 4)potential use of dendritic cells as natural adjutants. 3b. Novel vaccine strategies and platforms. Availability of infectious clones and vectors will allow expression, mutation or deletion of individual PRRSV or PCV2 genetic epitopes and proteins, as well as those from emerging swine viral diseases, and to test their efficacy as vaccine antigens; a DIVA strategy will be considered in all tests. Approaches will include: 1) Recombinant viral and bacterial vectors; 2) DNA vaccines with improved delivery technologies; 3) Rationally designed, improved MLV and killed vaccines, to reduce virulence and/or improve immune response; 4) Virus-like particles and glycoprotein fusion proteins; and 5) Vaccination strategies targeting immunity in the local mucosal tissue. 3c. Novel antiviral drugs, therapeutics, and delivery methods. Approaches targeting both viruses and host will include: 1) Small molecule inhibitors; 2) RNA interference; 3) Therapeutic antibodies; 4) Anti-sense strategies and 5) Nucleoside analogues. 3d. Improved diagnostics and surveillance methods. Approaches will include: 1) Improved specificity of antibody-based diagnostics for swine viral diseases; 2) Develop and evaluate pen-side diagnostics; 3) Develop and evaluate novel diagnostic tools, e.g. surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); and 4) Enhancing surveillance systems - improving sampling, diagnostic test selection, monitoring protocols, and system security for endemic and emerging viral diseases.

Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Swine producers, swine veterinarians, swine health and disease researchers, nationally and internationally. Consumers with an interest in animal health and well being. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Laboratory and field scientific research projects gave training and professional development to college undergraduates Brendan Davies (University of Minnesota), Audrey Tseng (University of Minnesota), and Matilda Wagner (Colorado State University); to Master's degree graduate student Yan Yang in swine immunology, antiviral immunity, molecular phylogenetics and bioinformatics; to PhD graduate students Sally Robinson, DVM, and Michael Rahe, DVM, and Xiong Wang in viral immunology, molecular virology, and infectious disease resistance; to Qinye Song, PhD, visiting scientist from Hebei Agricultural University, China, in swine immunology and virology; and research associate Cheryl Dvorak, PhD, in project administration, personnel supervision and mentoring, scientific laboratory management, and program administration. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Participation in and organization of the Allen D. Leman Swine Conference is a central avenue of dissemination as it provides direct interaction with the key communities of interest. Additional methods include consultation with swine veterinarians and producers on disease problems in the field. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? * What was accomplished under these goals? Accomplishments included performing and analyzing scientific experiments to determine the conditions under which respiratory disease pathogens and emerging or re-emerging viral disease pathogens of swine are detected, controlled, prevented, and responded to by host swine. The activities involved establishment and maintenance of a population of diseased animals, establishment of target susceptible populations under different conditions, and health assessments of animals. The activities were performed under controlled experimental conditions and in commercial swine populations. Teaching and mentoring of veterinarians and students was performed to spread scientific expertise and transfer knowledge. Activities related to laboratory research included data collection and analysis related to disease induction and immune response in susceptible and immunologically resistant animals. Events organized include the Allen D Leman Swine Conference in St. Paul, MN, the major swine health meeting for veterinarians and producers in North America. Services included consultation with swine veterinarians and producers on disease problems in the field related to PRRSV, PCV2, Influenza, PEDV and rotaviruses. Products that were outputs of the project or represented contributions of project personnel included data and datasets on PRRSV isolations, PRRSV sequences and sequence assemblies, viral isolations, sequencing and sequence assemblies for other viruses including PCV2, PEDV and rotavirus, development of new molecular diagnostic and immunodiagnostic methods to help detect, diagnose, protect and prevent the diseases caused by these viruses. Dissemination of research results occurred through established meetings, conferences and symposia, included NA International PRRS Symposium, the Allen D. Leman Swine Conference and annual meetings of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease, and the Swine Disease Eradication Center of the University of Minnesota, as well as through invited seminars, informal meetings with producers and veterinarians, and through consulting.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Reynolds JJ, Torremorell M, Craft ME. 2014. 2014. Mathematical modeling of influenza A virus dynamics within swine farms and the effects of vaccination. PLoS One. 9:e106177. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106177.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Schwartz JC Murtaugh MP. 2014. 2014. Characterization of a polymorphic IGLV gene in pigs (Sus scrofa). Immunogenetics. 66:507-511.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2015 Citation: Stricker AM, Polson DD,Murtaugh MP, Hennings J, Clement T. 2014. Variation in PRRS virus ORF5 diagnostic sequencing. J Swine Hlth Prod. In press
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Vlasova AN, Marthaler D, Wang Q, Culhane MR, Rossow KD, Rovira A, Collins J, Saif LJ. 2014. Distinct characteristics and complex evolution of PEDV strains, North America, May 2013-February 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 20:1620-8.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Goede, D.P. and R.B. Morrison. 2014. PED incidence, time to stability and production impact. In: Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, St. Paul, MN, USA. https://docs.google.com/a/umn.edu/file/d/0BzGsnfsQ28heNEJlaHlCamRLTkE/edit. Accessed 12/9/2014.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Goede, D.P. and R.B. Morrison. 2014. Swine health monitoring project. Report 2014.16. http://www.cvm.umn.edu/sdec/prod/groups/cvm/@pub/@cvm/@sdec/documents/content/cvm_content_490361.pdf. Accessed 12/9/2014.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Abrahante JE, Zhang JW, Rossow K, Zimmerman JJ, Murtaugh MP. 2014. Surveillance of Bungowannah pestivirus in the upper Midwestern USA. Transbound Emerg Dis. 61:375-7.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Alonso C, Goede DP, Morrison RB, Davies PR, Rovira A, Marthaler DG, Torremorell M. 2014. Evidence of infectivity of airborne porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and detection of airborne viral RNA at long distances from infected herds. Vet Res. 45:73
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Molinaro J, Galloway SE, Culhane MR, Smith DF, Steinhauer DA, Cummings RD. 2014. Shotgun glycomics of pig lung identifies natural endogenous receptors for influenza viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111:E2241-50.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Culhane MR, Detmer SE. 2014. Sample types, collection, and transport for influenza A viruses of swine. Methods Mol Biol. 1161:259-63.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Clavijo MJ, Oliveira S, Zimmerman J, Rendahl A, Rovira A. 2014. Field evaluation of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for Mycoplasma hyorhinis. J Vet Diagn Invest. 26:755-60.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Goyal SM, Chander Y, Yezli S, Otter JA. 2014. Evaluating the virucidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour. J Hosp Infect. 86:255-9.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Guarino H, Moura J, Cox RB, Goyal SM, Patnayak DP. 2014. Survival of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in fresh pork. Acta Vet Hung. 62:257-63.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Huang J, Mor SK, Erber J, Voss E, Goyal SM. 2014. Detection and characterization of porcine bocavirus in the United States. Arch Virol.159:1797-801.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Linhares DC, Cano JP, Torremorell M, Morrison RB. 2014. Comparison of time to PRRSv-stability and production losses between two exposure programs to control PRRSv in sow herds. Prev Vet Med. 116:111-9.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Marthaler D, Bruner L, Collins J, Rossow K. 2014. Third strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 20:2162-3.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Marthaler D, Homwong N, Rossow K, Culhane M, Goyal S, Collins J, Matthijnssens J, Ciarlet M. 2014. Rapid detection and high occurrence of porcine rotavirus A, B, and C by RT-qPCR in diagnostic samples. J Virol Methods. 209:30-4.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Marthaler D, Jiang Y, Collins J, Rossow K. 2014. Complete Genome Sequence of Strain SDCV/USA/Illinois121/2014, a Porcine Deltacoronavirus from the United States. Genome Announc. 22(2). pii: e00218-14. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00218-14.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Marthaler D, Raymond L, Jiang Y, Collins J, Rossow K, Rovira A. 2014. Rapid detection, complete genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus. Emerg Infect Dis. 20:1347-50.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Marthaler D, Rossow K, Culhane M, Goyal S, Collins J, Matthijnssens J, Nelson M, Ciarlet M. 2014. Widespread rotavirus H in commercially raised pigs, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 20:1195-8.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Murtaugh MP. 2014. Advances in swine immunology help move vaccine technology forward. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 159:202-207.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Nelson MI, Wentworth DE, Culhane MR, Vincent AL, Viboud C, LaPointe MP, Lin X, Holmes EC, Detmer SE. 2014. Introductions and evolution of human-origin seasonal influenza a viruses in multinational swine populations. J Virol. 88:10110-9.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Oka T, Saif LJ, Marthaler D, Esseili MA, Meulia T, Lin CM, Vlasova AN, Jung K, Zhang Y, Wang Q. 2014. Cell culture isolation and sequence analysis of genetically diverse US porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains including a novel strain with a large deletion in the spike gene. Vet Microbiol. 173:258-69.


Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Swine producers, swine veterinarians, and swine health and disease researchers, nationally and internationally. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Laboratory and field scientific research projects gave training and professional development to the following individuals: John Schwartz, graduate research assistant, NIH fellow, and University of Minnesota doctoral dissertation fellow, PhD training in swine immunology and infectious disease resistance. Sally Robinson, DVM, and graduate research assistant. PhD training in swine immunology, molecular virology, and infectious disease resistance. Xiong Wang, graduate research assistant. PhD training in molecular virology, bioinformatics, advanced genetic analysis, and immunology. Jie Zhang, DVM, PhD, visiting scientist, Langzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Langzhou, China. Molecular diagnostics, molecular cell biology, molecular virology. Cheryl Dvorak, PhD, research associate. Molecular virology, PCV2 molecular epidemiology, molecular diagnostics, immunology, infectious disease mechanisms of pathogenesis. Yang Yan, graduate research assistant. Swine immunology and anti-viral immunity. Lisa Tan, undergraduate research assistant. Swine immunology and anti-viral immunity. Brendan Davies, high school student. Swine immunology, immunodiagnostics. Cassie Guo, graduate research assistant, molecular genetics, immunogenetics How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Events organized in concert with NC-229 participants included the 2013 International PRRS Symposium in Beijing, China, and the 2013 North American PRRS Symposium in Chicago, Illinois. Addition participation and roles in organization of the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference was contributed. Services included consultation with swine veterinarians and producers on disease problems in the field related to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), PCV2 and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Further develop laboratory and field-based scientific investigations of host-pathogen interactions involving viral diseases of the swine respiratory tract with an emphasis on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Accomplishments included performing and analyzing scientific experiments to determine the conditions under which respiratory disease pathogens are detected and responded to by host swine. The activities involved establishment and maintenance of a population of diseased animals, establishment of target susceptible populations under different conditions, and health assessments of animals. The activities were performed under controlled experimental conditions and in commercial swine populations. Teaching and mentoring of veterinarians and students was performed to spread scientific expertise and transfer knowledge. Activities related to laboratory research included data collection and analysis related to disease induction and immune response in susceptible and immunologically resistant animals. Events organized by NC-229 participants included the 2013 International PRRS Symposium in Beijing, China, the 2013 North American PRRS Symposium in Chicago, Illinois, and the NC-229 annual meeting in Chicago, Illinois. Additional participation and roles in organization of the 2012 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference was contributed. Services included consultation with swine veterinarians and producers on disease problems in the field related to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), PCV2, influenza, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Products that were outputs of the project or represented contributions of project personnel included data and datasets on PRRS virus isolations, PRRS virus sequences and sequence assemblies, collaborations with swine disease-centric scientists at outside institutions and organizations to increase scientific knowledge of PRRS and methods to control and eliminate it. Dissemination of research results occurred through established meetings, conferences and symposia, including the aforementioned International PRRS Symposium, the Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, and also the annual meeting of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease, the annual meeting of the Swine Disease Eradication Center of the University of Minnesota, invited seminars, informal meetings with producers and veterinarians, and through specific consulting.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Abrahante, J.E., J.W. Zhang, K. Rossow, J.J. Zimmerman, and M.P. Murtaugh. Surveillance of porcine pestivirus (Bungowannah) in the upper Midwestern USA. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12035.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Alonso C, Murtaugh MP, Dee SA, Davies PR. Epidemiological study of air filtration systems for preventing PRRSV infection in large sow herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 112:109-117.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Baumann, A., E. Mateu, M.P. Murtaugh, and A. Summerfield. Impact of genotype 1 and 2 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses on interferon-? responses by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Vet. Res. 44:33.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dawson, H.D., J.E. Loveland, G. Pascal, J.G.R. Gilbert, H. Uenishi, K.M. Mann, Y. Sang, J. Zhang, D. Carvalho-Silva, T. Hunt, M. Hardy, Z. Hu, S. Zhao, A. Anselmo, H. Shinkai, C. Chen, B. Badaoui, D. Berman, C. Amid, M. Kay, D. Lloyd, C. Snow, T. Morozumi, R. P.-Y. Cheng, M. Bystrom, R. Kapetanovic, J.C. Schwartz, R. Kataria, M. Astley, E. Fritz, C. Steward, M. Thomas, L. Wilming, D. Toki, A.L. Archibald, B. Bed'Hom, D. Beraldi, T.H. Huang, T. Ait-Ali, F. Blecha, S. Botti, T.C. Freeman, E. Giuffra, D.A. Hume, J.K. Lunney, M.P. Murtaugh, J.M. Reecy, J.L. Harrow, C. Rogel-Gaillard and C.K. Tuggle. Structural and functional annotation of the porcine immunome. BMC Genomics. 14:332. PMID: 23676093
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dvorak, C.M.T, S. Puvanendiran, and M.P. Murtaugh. Cellular pathogenesis of porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Virus Res. 174:60-68.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Robinson, S.R., J.E. Abrahante, C.R. Johnson, and M.P. Murtaugh. Purifying selection in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5a protein influences variation in envelope glycoprotein 5 glycosylation. Infect. Genet. Evol. 20:362-368.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Robinson, S.R., M.C. Figueiredo, J.E. Abrahante, and M.P. Murtaugh. Immune response to ORF5a protein immunization is not protective against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vet. Microbiol. 164:281-285.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Stadejek, T., A. Stankevicius, M.P. Murtaugh, and M.B. Oleksiewicz. Molecular evolution of PRRSV in Europe: current state of play. Vet. Microbiol. 165:21-28.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Xing, Z., J. Schefers, M. Schwabenlander, Y. Jiao, M. Liang, X. Qi, C. Li, S. Goyal, C.J. Cardona, X. Wu, Z. Zhang, D. Li, J. Collins, and M.P. Murtaugh. Infection of a novel bunyavirus in domestic and captive farmed animals in the Midwestern United States. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 19:1487-1489.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Li, J. Structural and functional characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus N-glycans. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota. 105 pp.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Schwartz, JC. Antibody repertoire dynamics in the changing landscape of infection. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota. 183 pp.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Schwartz, J., M. Murtaugh. Analysis of the expressed porcine antibody repertoire in porcine and reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infected pigs. Proc 100th Amer Assoc Immunol Meeting. Abst P6077.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Xing, Z., J. Schefers, M. Schwabenlander, Y. Jiao, M. Liang, X. Qi, C. Li, S. Goyal, C.J. Cardona, D. Li, J. Collins, M. Murtaugh. Antibodies of a novel bunyavirus in domestic and captive farmed animals in the Midwestern United States. Proc 100th Amer Assoc Immunol Meeting. Abst P6371
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Tuggle, C.K., C. Rogel-Gaillard, J. Loveland, H. Uenishi, H. Dawson, J. Lunney, Y. Sang, S. Zhao, E. Giuffra, S. Botti, J. Reecy, J. Harrow, T. Freeman, A.L. Archibald, M. Murtaugh, D. Hume, T. Morozumi, H. Shinkai, B. Bedhom, F. Blecha, G. Zhang, K. Mann, J. Zhang, C. Chen, Z.-L. Hu, R. Cheng, T. Huang, Y. Rodriguez, A. Anselmo, B. Badaoui, J. Schwartz, R. Kapetanovic, D. Beraldi and Swine Genome Sequencing Consortium. Structural and functional annotation of immunity-related genes in the pig genome. Plant Anim Genome XX Conf. Jan 14-18, San Diego
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Wagner, M., M. Murtaugh, D. Holtkamp, and C. Stahl. Evaluating aspirin for reduction of fever and improvement of performance in isowean pigs with uncomplicated PRRS virus infection. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Swine Vet. Annual Meeting. 43:51.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Nagorske, M., M. Wagner, and M. Murtaugh. The role of colostral immunity in reducing PRRS virus replication and its impact on survivability in the suckling pig. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Swine Vet. Annual Meeting. 43:331-332.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Schwartz, J.C., S.R. Robinson, and M.P. Murtaugh. New discoveries in anti-PRRSV immunity. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Swine Vet. Annual Meeting. 43:371
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2012 Citation: Robinson, S., M. Figueiredo, J. Abrahante, and M. Murtaugh. Novel PRRV ORF5a protein is not immunoprotective but drives GP5 glycosylation. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Swine Vet. Annual Meeting. 43:381-382.


Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities included performing and analyzing scientific experiments to determine the conditions under which respiratory disease pathogens are transmitted through air to cause disease in susceptible animals. The activities involved establishment and maintenance of a population of diseased animals, establishment of target susceptible populations under different conditions, assessment of pathogen presence in air samples, data collection on meteorological conditions, and health assessments of animals. The activities were performed under controlled experimental conditions and in commercial swine populations. Teaching and mentoring of veterinarians and students was performed to spread scientific expertise and transfer knowledge. Activities related to laboratory research included data collection and analysis related to disease incidence, especially of porcine circovirus-associated disease in the U.S. swine herd. Events organized by NC-229 participants included the 2012 International PRRS Symposium in Chicago, Illinois. Addition participation and roles in organization of the 2012 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference was contributed. Services included consultation with swine veterinarians and producers on disease problems in the field related to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Products that were outputs of the project or represented contributions of project personnel included data and datasets on PRRS virus isolations, PRRS virus sequences and sequence assemblies, collaborations with PRRS-centric scientists at outside institutions and organizations to increase scientific knowledge of PRRS and methods to control and eliminate it. Dissemination of research results occurred through established meetings, conferences and symposia, including the aforementioned International PRRS Symposium, the Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, and also the annual meeting of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease, the annual meeting of the Swine Disease Eradication Center of the University ofMinnesota, invited seminars, informal meetings with producers and veterinarians, and through specific consulting. PARTICIPANTS: University of Minnesota investigators who are new to the project are: Gramer, M.; Rrovira, A.; Torremorell, M. Significant resources and materials were provided from outside organizations to facilitate research, communication and outtreach. Key contributors include Genetiporc, Inc., for in-kind support or research, primarily in the form of animals, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica through the provision of research funds, collaboration in scientific experiments, and opportunities for broad communication, Iowa State University through collaborations with institutional personnel of whom Jeffery Zimmerman, professor of swine diagnostic medicine, was particularly notable. The advisory board of the Swine Disease Eradication Center collectively provided substantial resources that were essential to the productivity attained in the project. Training and professional development were provided by the project through research opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students, postdoctoral fellows,faculty, producers and veterinarians. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are swine producers, swine veterinarians, and swine health researchers, nationally in the U.S. and internationally in various countries of South America, Europe, and Asia. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Results of our research on mechanisms of airborne transmission of respiratory pathogens, especially PRRS virus, resulted in a change in knowledge regarding methods and approaches for prevention of PRRS disease in susceptible pigs, and impact or probable impact of various meteorological variables on the likelihood of transmission. Findings and results on the effects of swine age on susceptibility and resistance to PRRS virus infection and disease have resulted in a change in knowledge pointing to distinct differences in the ability of PRRS virus to grow in pigs depending on their age, that is different from the ability of pigs to respond immunologically to viral infection. Because of the knowledge that was generated, end users, namely veterinarians and producers, have changed behaviors and actions to implement new measures of biosecurity that include air filtration that are demonstrated to help prevent disease transmission. The demonstration that PRRS disease can be prevented without use of vaccines provides new hope to the swine industry for control of this dreaded disease. Immunological studies revealing previously unknown serological responses to a broad array of viral proteins provides an opportunity for development of new diagnostic tests that might differentiate vaccine from field virus exposure, better diagnosis exposure events in the deep past, and provide earlier detection.

Publications

  • Murtaugh, M.P. and M. Genzow. 2011. Immunological solutions for treatment and prevention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Vaccine 29:8192-8204. PMID: 21925560.
  • Schwartz, J.C., M.-P. LeFranc, and M.P. Murtaugh. 2012. Evolution of the porcine (Sus scrofa domestica) immunoglobulin kappa locus through germline gene conversion. Immunogenetics. 64:303-311. PMID: 22109540.
  • Schwartz, J. C., M.-P. Lefranc, and M. P. Murtaugh. 2012. Organization, complexity and allelic diversity of the porcine (Sus scrofa domesticus) immunoglobulin lambda locus. Immunogenetics. 64:399-407. PMID: 22186825.
  • Dwivedi, V., C. Manickam, B. Binjawadagi, D. Linhares, M.P. Murtaugh and G.J. Renukaradhya. 2012. Evaluation of immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs during early stage of infection under farm conditions. Virol. J. 9:45. PMID: 22340040.
  • Li, J. and M.P. Murtaugh. 2012. Dissociation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus neutralization from antibodies specific to major envelope protein surface epitopes. Virology. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.08.026. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22981434


Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities included performing and analyzing scientific experiments to determine the conditions under which respiratory disease pathogens are transmitted through air to cause disease in susceptible animals. The activities involved establishment and maintenance of a population of diseased animals, establishment of target susceptible populations under different conditions, assessment of pathogen presence in air samples, data collection on meteorological conditions, and health assessments of animals. The activities were performed under controlled experimental conditions and in commercial swine populations. Teaching and mentoring of veterinarians and students was performed to spread scientific expertise and transfer knowledge. Activities related to laboratory research included data collection and analysis related to disease incidence, especially of porcine circovirus-associated disease in the U.S. swine herd. Events organized by NC-229 participants included the 2010 International PRRS Symposium in Chicago, Illinois. Addition participation and roles in organization of the 2010 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference was contributed. Services included consultation with swine veterinarians and producers on disease problems in the field related to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Products that were outputs of the project or represented contributions of project personnel included data and datasets on PRRS virus isolations, PRRS virus sequences and sequence assemblies, collaborations with PRRS-centric scientists at outside institutions and organizations to increase scientific knowledge of PRRS and methods to control and eliminate it. Dissemination of research results occurred through established meetings, conferences and symposia, including the aforementioned International PRRS Symposium, the Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, and also the annual meeting of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease, the annual meeting of the Swine Disease Eradication Center of the University ofMinnesota, invited seminars, informal meetings with producers and veterinarians, and through specific consulting. PARTICIPANTS: University of Minnesota investigators who are new to the project are: Gramer, M.; Rrovira, A.; Torremorell, M. Significant resources and materials were provided from outside organizations to facilitate research, communication and outtreach. Key contributors include Genetiporc, Inc., for in-kind support or research, primarily in the form of animals, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica through the provision of research funds, collaboration in scientific experiments, and opportunities for broad communication, Iowa State University through collaborations with institutional personnel of whom Jeffery Zimmerman, professor of swine diagnostic medicine, was particularly notable. The advisory board of the Swine Disease Eradication Center collectively provided substantial resources that were essential to the productivity attained in the project. Training and professional development were provided by the project through research opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students, postdoctoral fellows,faculty, producers and veterinarians. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are swine producers, swine veterinarians, and swine health researchers, nationally in the U.S. and internationally in various countries of South America, Europe, and Asia. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Results of our research on mechanisms of airborne transmission of respiratory pathogens, especially PRRS virus, resulted in a change in knowledge regarding methods and approaches for prevention of PRRS disease in susceptible pigs, and impact or probable impact of various meteorological variables on the likelihood of transmission. Findings and results on the effects of swine age on susceptibility and resistance to PRRS virus infection and disease have resulted in a change in knowledge pointing to distinct differences in the ability of PRRS virus to grow in pigs depending on their age, that is different from the ability of pigs to respond immunologically to viral infection. Because of the knowledge that was generated, end users, namely veterinarians and producers, have changed behaviors and actions to implement new measures of biosecurity that include air filtration that are demonstrated to help prevent disease transmission. The demonstration that PRRS disease can be prevented without use of vaccines provides new hope to the swine industry for control of this dreaded disease. Immunological studies revealing previously unknown serological responses to a broad array of viral proteins provides an opportunity for development of new diagnostic tests that might differentiate vaccine from field virus exposure, better diagnosis exposure events in the deep past, and provide earlier detection.

Publications

  • Otake S, Dee S, Corzo C, Oliveira S, Deen J. 2010 Long distance airborne transport of viable PRRSV and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from a swine population infected with multiple viral variants. Vet Microbiol 145: 198-208.
  • Patterson AR, Johnson JK, Ramamoorthy S, Hesse RA, Murtaugh MP, Puvanendiran S, Pogranichniy RM, Erickson GA, Carman S, Hause B, Meng XJ, Opriessnig T. 2011. Interlaboratory comparison of Porcine circovirus-2 indirect immunofluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results on experimentally infected pigs. J Vet Diagn Invest. 23:206-212.
  • Pitkin A, Otake S, Dee SA. 2011. A one-night downtime period prevents the spread of PRRSV and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by personnel and fomites (boots and coveralls)". Swine Health Prod. 19:345-348.
  • Prickett JR, Johnson J, Murtaugh MP, Puvanendiran S, Wang C, Zimmerman JJ, Opriessnig T. 2011. Prolonged detection of PCV2 and anti-PCV2 antibody in oral fluids following experimental inoculation. Transbound Emerg Dis. 58:121-127.
  • Puvanendiran S, Stone S, Yu W, Johnson CR, Abrahante J, Garcia Jimenez L, Griggs T, Haley C, Wagner B, Murtaugh MP. 2011. High prevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 exposure and infection in swine finisher herds. Virus Res. 157:92-98.
  • Abrahante JE, Martins K, Papas KK, Hering VJ, Schuurman HJ, Murtaugh MP. 2011. Microbiological safety of porcine islets: comparison with source pig. Xenotransplantation. 18:88-93.
  • Baker SR, O'Neil KM, Gramer MR, Dee SA. 2011. Estimates of seroprevalence of production-limiting diseases in wild pigs. Vet Rec 168:564
  • Brar MS, Shi M, Carman S, Ge L, Murtaugh MP, Leung FC-C. 2011. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Ontario, Canada 1999-2010: diversity and restriction fragment length polymorphism. J Gen Virol. 92:1391-1397.
  • Corzo C, Mondaca E, Wayne S, Torremorell M, Dee S, Davies P, Morrison B. 2010. Control and elimination of porcine respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res, 154:185-192.
  • Corzo CA, Mondaca E, Wayne S, Torremorell M, Dee S, Davies P, Morrison RB. 2010. Control and elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res 154:185-192.
  • Dee S, Spronk G, Reicks D, Ruen P, Deen J. 2010. Further assessment of air filtration for preventing PRRSV infection in large breeding herds. Vet Rec 167:976-977.
  • Dee SA, Otake S, Deen J. An evaluation of ultraviolet light (UV 254) as a means to inactivate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on common farm surfaces and materials. Vet Microbiol 2011;150:96-99
  • Dee SA, Otake S, Deen J. 2010. Use of a production region model to assess the efficacy of various air filtration systems for preventing the airborne transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Results of a 2-year study. Virus Res. 154:177-184.
  • Dee SA, Otake S, Pitkin A and Deen J. 2011. A 4-year summary of air filtration system efficacy for preventing airborne spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. J Swine Health Prod 19:292-294.
  • Dwivedi V, Manickam C, Patterson R, Dodson K, Murtaugh M, Torrelles JB, Schlesinger LS, Renukaradhya GJ. 2011. Cross-protective immunity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by intranasal delivery of a live virus vaccine with a potent adjuvant. Vaccine 29:4058-4066.
  • Haley C, Wagner B, Puvanendiran S, Abrahante J, Murtaugh MP. 2011. Diagnostic performance measures of ELISA and quantitative PCR tests for porcine circovirus type 2 exposure using Bayesian latent class analysis. Prev Vet Med. 101:79-88.
  • Holtkamp DJ, Polson DD, Torremorell M. 2011. Terminology for classifying swine herds by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus status. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 39: 101-112.
  • Johnson CR, Griggs TF, Gnanandarajah J, Murtaugh MP. 2011. Novel structural protein in Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus encoded in an alternative open reading frame 5 present in all arteriviruses. J Gen Virol 92:1107-1116.
  • Lin K, Wang C, Murtaugh MP, Ramamoorthy S. 2011. Multiplex method for simultaneous serological detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. J Clin Micro 49:3184-3190.
  • Linhares DC, Cano JP, Wetzell T, Nerem J, Torremorell M, Dee SA. 2012. Effect of modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSv) vaccine on the shedding of wild-type virus from an infected population of growing pigs. Vaccine 30:407-4013.
  • Romagosa A, Gramer M, Joo HS, Torremorell M. 2011. Sensitivity of oral fluids for detecting influenza A virus in populations of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. DOI:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00276.x
  • Spronk G, Otake S, Dee S. 2010. Prevention of PRRSV infection in large breeding herds using air filtration. Vet Rec 166:758-759.


Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities included performing and analyzing scientific experiments to determine the conditions under which respiratory disease pathogens are transmitted through air to cause disease in susceptible animals. The activities involved establishment and maintenance of a population of diseased animals, establishment of target susceptible populations under different conditions, assessment of pathogen presence in air samples, data collection on meteorological conditions, and health assessments of animals. The activities were performed under controlled experimental conditions and in commercial swine populations. Teaching and mentoring of veterinarians and students was performed to spread scientific expertise and transfer knowledge. Activities related to laboratory research included data collection and analysis related to disease incidence, especially of porcine circovirus-associated disease in the U.S. swine herd. Events organized by NC-229 participants included the 2010 International PRRS Symposium in Chicago, Illinois. Addition participation and roles in organization of the 2010 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference was contributed. Services included consultation with swine veterinarians and producers on disease problems in the field related to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Products that were outputs of the project or represented contributions of project personnel included data and datasets on PRRS virus isolations, PRRS virus sequences and sequence assemblies, collaborations with PRRS-centric scientists at outside institutions and organizations to increase scientific knowledge of PRRS and methods to control and eliminate it. Dissemination of research results occurred through established meetings, conferences and symposia, including the aforementioned International PRRS Symposium, the Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, and also the annual meeting of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease, the annual meeting of the Swine Disease Eradication Center of the University of Minnesota, invited seminars, informal meetings with producers and veterinarians, and through specific consulting. PARTICIPANTS: Significant resources and materials were provided from outside organizations to facilitate research, communication and outtreach. Key contributors include Genetiporc, Inc., for in-kind support or research, primarily in the form of animals, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica through the provision of research funds, collaboration in scientific experiments, and opportunities for broad communication, Iowa State University through collaborations with institutional personnel of whom Jeffery Zimmerman, professor of swine diagnostic medicine, was particularly notable. The advisory board of the Swine Disease Eradication Center collectively provided substantial resources that were essential to the productivity attained in the project. Training and professional development were provided by the project through research opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students, postdoctoral fellows, faculty, producers and veterinarians. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are swine producers, swine veterinarians, and swine health researchers, nationally in the U.S. and internationally in various countries of South America, Europe, and Asia. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Results of our research on mechanisms of airborne transmission of respiratory pathogens, especially PRRS virus, resulted in a change in knowledge regarding methods and approaches for prevention of PRRS disease in susceptible pigs, and impact or probable impact of various meteorological variables on the likelihood of transmission. Findings and results on the effects of swine age on susceptibility and resistance to PRRS virus infection and disease have resulted in a change in knowledge pointing to distinct differences in the ability of PRRS virus to grow in pigs depending on their age, that is different from the ability of pigs to respond immunologically to viral infection. Because of the knowledge that was generated, end users, namely veterinarians and producers, have changed behaviors and actions to implement new measures of biosecurity that include air filtration that are demonstrated to help prevent disease transmission. The demonstration that PRRS disease can be prevented without use of vaccines provides new hope to the swine industry for control of this dreaded disease. Immunological studies revealing previously unknown serological responses to a broad array of viral proteins provides an opportunity for development of new diagnostic tests that might differentiate vaccine from field virus exposure, better diagnosis exposure events in the deep past, and provide earlier detection.

Publications

  • Klinge, K.L., E.M. Vaughn, M.B. Roof, E.M. Bautista, and M.P. Murtaugh. 2009. Age-dependent resistance to Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in swine. Virol. J. 6:177-187.
  • Cano, J.P., S.A. Dee, M.P. Murtaugh, A. Rovira, and R.B. Morrison. 2009. Infection dynamics and clinical manifestations following experimental inoculation of gilts at 90 days of gestation with a low dose of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Can. J. Vet. Res. 73:303-307.
  • Brown, E., S. Lawson, C. Welbon, J. Gnanandarajah, J. Li, M.P. Murtaugh, E.A. Nelson, R.M. Molina, J.J. Zimmerman, R.R.R. Rowland, and Y. Fang. 2009. Antibody response to Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nonstructural proteins and implications for diagnostic detection and differentiation of PRRSV types I and II. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 16:628-635.
  • Rovira, A., J. Abrahante, M. Murtaugh, and C. Munoz-Zanzi. 2009. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 21:350-354.
  • Shi, M., T.T. Lam, C.C. Hon, M.P. Murtaugh, P.R. Davies, R.K. Hui, J. Li, L.T. Wong, C.W. Yip, J.W. Jiang, and F.C. Leung. 2010. Phylogeny-based evolutionary, demographical, and geographical dissection of North American type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. J. Virol. 84:8700-8711. PMCID: PMC2919017
  • Murtaugh, M.P., T. Stadejek, J.E. Abrahante, T.T. Lam, and F.C. Leung. 2010. The ever-expanding diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 154:18-30. PMID: 20801173.
  • Wagner, J., A Kneucker, E. Liebler-Tenorio, V. Fachinger, M. Glaser, S. Pesch, M.P. Murtaugh, and P. Reinhold. 2010. Respiratory function and pulmonary lesions in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet. J. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20089425
  • Shi, M., T.T. Lam, C.C. Hon, R.K. Hui, K.S. Faaberg, T. Wennblom, M.P. Murtaugh, T. Stadejek, and F.C. Leung. 2010. Molecular epidemiology of PRRSV: a phylogenetic perspective. Virus Res. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:20837072.