Source: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT OF TURFGRASSES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0221016
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NCERA-192
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2006
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2011
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
1680 MADISON AVENUE
WOOSTER,OH 44691
Performing Department
Horticulture and Crop Science
Non Technical Summary
Turfgrasses are important components of the landscape that contribute to economic growth, provide environmental benefits, and enrich the quality of life. Turfgrass is the preferred ground cover for parks, playgrounds, sports fields, golf courses, residential lawns, cemeteries, commercial and industrial sites, and roadsides. Nearly 85 million households, 17,000 golf courses and 775,000 sports fields are part of the estimated 50 million acres of urban turf in the U.S. (Morris, 2005). The overall value of the turf industry is approximately $40 billion annually and employs greater than 500,000 persons in the care and maintenance of turf (Morris, 2005). In Illinois for example, there are nearly 1.54 million acres of turf with 936,000 acres of home lawns, 61,600 acres of golf courses and driving ranges on the more than 635 golf courses, and 23,000 acres of sod or turf production (Campbell, et al., 2001). Turfgrass seed and sod producers are major industries. In fact, the size of the U.S. turfgrass seed industry is second only to corn. Allied industries include manufacturers and distributors of maintenance and irrigation equipment, chemicals, and fertilizers. Reported lawn care product sales exceed $4 billion annually. Recent surveys conducted in North Central Region states list turfgrass among the top four agricultural users in developed areas. Our expected outcomes are: 1)Coordination of specific research and extension programs, 2)Development of technical standards for turf fertilization, 4)Develop appropriate pesticide models for turf across the US, 5)Establish Poa annua free golf turf, 6)Develop low water use turfgrasses, 7)Identify turf cultivars which require reduced maintenance and labor costs, 8) End users will have access to best management practices and recommendations for turf management and pest control, and 9)Identify invasive potential of turfgrases into natural areas.
Animal Health Component
90%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
90%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1021621102010%
1021621114010%
1331621102020%
1331621114020%
1341621102010%
1341621114010%
2131621102010%
2131621114010%
Goals / Objectives
Our objectives are: 1) Investigate the impact of turfgrass on the environment with respect to water quality, genetically modified organisms, invasive species, and pesticide fate, 2) Reduce current inputs typically used in the management of turfgrass in the areas of water conservation, alternative pest control, low-maintenance turf, and use of remote sensing, and 3)Develop a comprehensive program of best management practices for the North Central Region through collaborative research and transfer results to industry and academics via web outreach and cooperative education.
Project Methods
Objective 1. Research will be initiated on the fate of pesticides and nutrients. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, researchers will study the effect of various ratios of impervious to previous surfaces to mitigate pesticide and nutrient runoff and compare prairie plantings versus turfgrass to determine the appropriate plant material to establish on previous surfaces. At Michigan State University, a long term research program will evaluate the impact high N applications to home lawn turf through leachate monitoring. A collaborative effort will be initiated at The Ohio State University, University of Minnesota, University of Wisconsin, Michigan State University, and Purdue University to identify the potential to use amino sugar content of the soil as an indicator for developing an N fertilizer credit system that will reduce N leaching potential. A national research project evaluating the fate of pesticides applied to high maintenance turf is currently underway at the University of Minnesota, University of Maryland, Mississippi State University and Oklahoma State University. The University of Minnesota is also evaluating the effect of grass clipping management (recycling versus removing clippings) on the impact of P runoff and loading into surface water bodies. This research is in response to recently passed state wide legislation restricting the use of P fertilizers applied to turfgrass. Survivability and spread of turfgrasses in natural environments will be evaluated. Participants from North Dakota State University, Univ. of Nebraska, Univ. of Illinois, Univ. of Wisconsin, Purdue Univ. and the Ohio State Univ. will collaborate on a project to determine the invasiveness of turf species into natural areas. Objective 2. NCR-192 members will participate in a regional Low Input Sustainable Turf (LIST) trial that will focus on the persistence and uniformity of 13 alternative species under minimal mowing and no irrigation. Several NCR-192 members will work on the selection and development of turfgrasses with improved pest and environmental stress resistance. The Univ. of Wisconsin and the Univ. of Minnesota will conduct joint research to develop lower-maintenance golf courses by evaluating management and grass species. Objective 3. Research results will be transferred to thousands of professionals in the turf industry and others via annual turfgrass field days, winter turfgrass conferences, regional seminars, and state lawn care, golf, and sports turf association meetings. Exchange of speakers among NCR-192 members at these events will enhance regional dissemination of new technology and methods. Distance education, web-supported interactive programming, and online chat rooms will serve the entire regions turf industry. Additional collaborative projects will be developed and shared. Undergraduate turf academic programs will provide the regional turf industry with highly-valued student interns. NCERA-192 members will serve as a liaison between new graduates and industry by maintaining Internet sites,listing resumes and job postings.

Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: (Ohio Results only): Objective 1. Research was concluded that determined the affect that application rate and timing had on the dissipation rate of preemergence herbicides including pendimethalin, prodiamine, dithiopy, and bensulide. Field research was conducted to determine if there was a correlation between the amino sugar nitrogen content of the soil and the response of turfgrass to added nitrogen fertilizer. Objective 2. The low input sustainable turf trial data from all participating states has been analyzed for the 2005-2007 trial and a manuscript has been published. Objective 3. Information about this research was presented at the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation Conference and Show as well as the Ohio State University summer field day. PARTICIPANTS: D.S. Gardner is the P.I. A.A. Acuna is a former Ph.D. student whose research partially answers objective 1. Emily Horner is a technician whose research partially answers objectives 1 and 2 TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience for this research is turfgrass managers (golf course superintendents, landscape managers, or homeowners) PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Objective 1. We have discovered that in the north central states (NCERA region) that preemergence herbicide residue levels and performance is just as good for the control of crabgrass if a single application is made compared to the common practice of making sequential applications. This has the potential, if adopted, to save the turfgrass industry considerable time and money by avoiding a repeat application of the same product. Our work on the amino sugar nitrogen soil test continues to suggest that the test may be a useful way to predict if added nitrogen fertilizer may result in increased potential to leach nitrate from the soil profile. Work on this project will conclude in 2011. Objective 2. Low input turf trials of 12 grass species were established at eight locations and evaluated for turf quality over two years. Plots were mowed monthly at either 5.1 or 10.2 cm or not mowed. Species were identified, based on performance across the region at the two mowing heights (5.1 and 10.2 cm), which could be recommended as low-input species in the north central region. Hard fescue (Festuca brevipila Tracey), colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L.) performed well at most locations at the 5.1 and 10.2-cm mowing heights. Several other species were also evaluated: tufted hairgrass [Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv.], hybrid bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr. x Poa pratensis L.), meadow fescue [Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv.], prairie junegrass [Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult],crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.], alkaligrass [Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl.], blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. Ex Kunth) Lag. Ex Griffiths], and crested dogstail (Cynosurus cristatus L.). These species only performed well at certain locations or did not perform well at all.

Publications

  • Watkins,E. S. Fei, D. Gardner, J. Stier, S. Bughrara, D. Li, C. Bigelow,L. Schleicher, B. Horgan, and K. Diesburg. 2011. Low-Input Turfgrass Species for the North Central United States. Applied Turfgrass Science. (January 26) http://www.plantmangementnetwork.org/sub/ats/research/2011/input/.


Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Objective 1. Research was concluded that determined the affect that application rate and timing had on the dissipation rate of preemergence herbicides including pendimethalin, prodiamine, dithiopy, and bensulide. Field research was conducted to determine if there was a correlation between the amino sugar nitrogen content of the soil and the response of turfgrass to added nitrogen fertilizer. Objective 2. The low input sustainable turf trial data from all participating states has been analyzed for the 2005-2007 trial and a manuscript has been accepted for publication. Objective 3. Information about this research was presented at the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation Conference and Show as well as the Ohio State University summer field day. PARTICIPANTS: D.S. Gardner is the P.I. A.A. Acuna is a former Ph.D. student whose research partially answers objective 1. Emily Horner is a technician whose research partially answers objectives 1 and 2 TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience for this research is turfgrass managers (golf course superintendents, landscape managers, or homeowners) PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Objective 1. We have discovered that in the north central states (NCERA region) that preemergence herbicide residue levels and performance is just as good for the control of crabgrass if a single application is made compared to the common practice of making sequential applications. This has the potential, if adopted, to save the turfgrass industry considerable time and money by avoiding a repeat application of the same product. Our work on the amino sugar nitrogen soil test continues to suggest that the test may be a useful way to predict if added nitrogen fertilizer may result in increased potential to leach nitrate from the soil profile. Work on this project will conclude in 2011. Objective 2. We have concluded that while there are some variations in which turfgrass species should be used in low maintenance conditions, best results are achieved when tall fescue, fine fesuce, or colonial bentgrass are chosen.

Publications

  • Acuna, A.A. and D.S. Gardner. 2010. Dissipation of pendimethalin as affected by dose and application timing in a turfgrass environment. Proc. European Turfgrass Soc. 2:18-20.