Progress 10/01/13 to 08/31/14
Outputs Target Audience:During this reporting period, audiences reached were: 1) undergraduate students in the discipline of Turfgrass Science through formal classroom instruction; 2) turfgrass management scientific community through national and regional conference; 3) turfgrass management professionals, such as golf course superintendents and lawn-care professionals, through university turf field day and regional professional meetings. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students involved in these two projects include two Ph.D. candidates, a Research Specialist, and an Undergraduate Researcher. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been shared with turf professionals, including home-lawn managers and golf course superintendents, at the University of Missouri Turf Field Days. Presentations were made at various local and regional conferences, including ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meeting, regional Weed Science Society meeting, Missouri Green Industry Conference, and Mississippi Valley Golf Course Superintendents Association educational meeting. Articles were also published in popular trend magazines including GCM (golf course management). Two peer-reviewed publications have also been generated in the Agronomy Journal. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This is the last year of this 5-year research project; a new 5-year project has been proposed which build upon the findings from this past project. Future plans include development of techniques to improve water and nutrient use efficiency on turfgrass plants, and to gain a better understanding of soil hydrophobicity and its impact on plant available water.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
For objective 1, since we have shifted the focus to develop techniques that improve water and nutrient use efficiency for turfgrass plants. Through a collaborative effort, we have been able to conduct a series experiments with a Ph.D. student focusing on improving soil infiltration using various wetting agents. Both laboratory- and field-based experiments have been carried out, results generated have been published on peer-reviewed journal. We have also conveyed the knowledge we learned to the end users via various regional, national, and international conferences. We have also able to obtain research funding support from turf professional organization, such as the United States Golf Association. Through these studies, we were able to determine that wetting agents vary significantly in their influence on infiltration. Some of the commercialized compounds are able to change the soil condition from water-repellent to wettable condition, and able to provide more plant available water under water deficiency. Our experiment also found that, however, some of the compounds lack of persistence, and their effects are quickly disappeared within 2-3 runs of irrigation. For objective 2, a different Ph.D. student has been performing experiments both in the growth chamber and under field conditions. This two-year field experiment has found that organic-based materials, including mustard seed meals, are able to influence soil microbial population and activity over time, which in return influenced soil-born pathogen activity on infected turf area. We are right now in the final step of this experiment for data analysis and manuscript development.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Song E., J.G. Schneider, S.H. Anderson, K.W. Goyne, and X. Xiong. 2014. Wetting agent influence on water infiltration into hydrophobic sand: I. Re-wettability. Agronomy Journal. 106: 1873-1878.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Song, E., J.G. Schneider, S.H. Anderson, K.W. Goyne, and X. Xiong. 2014. Wetting agent influence on water infiltration into hydrophobic sand: II. Physical property. Agronomy Journal. 106: 1879-1885.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Schneider, J.G., E. Song, and X. Xiong. 2014. Do wetting agents applied via irrigation have potential for maintaining turf quality under reduced irrigation? ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Long Beach, CA, November, 2014.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Schneider, J.G., K.W. Goyne, S.H. Anderson, and X. Xiong. 2014. Characterization of hydrophobicity of various soil-less potting mixtures. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Long Beach, CA, November, 2014.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Schneider, J.G., K.W. Goyne, S.H. Anderson, and X. Xiong. 2014. Methodologies to develop water-repellency in USGA grade sand. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Long Beach, CA, November, 2014.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Xiong, X. 2014. Soil water repellency and wetting agent use on turf: What we know and what we dont know. Departmental Seminar. Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University.
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Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/14
Outputs Target Audience:1) undergraduate students in the discipline of Turfgrass Science through formal classroom instruction; 2) turfgrass management scientific community through national and regional conference; 3) turfgrass management professionals, such as golf course superintendents and lawn-care professionals, through university turf field day and regional professional meetings. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students involved in these two projects include two Ph.D. candidates, a Research Specialist, and an Undergraduate Researcher. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been shared with turf professionals, including home-lawn managers and golf course superintendents, at the University of Missouri Turf Field Days. Presentations were made at various local and regional conferences, including ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meeting, regional Weed Science Society meeting, Missouri Green Industry Conference, and Mississippi Valley Golf Course Superintendents Association educational meeting. Articles were also published in popular trend magazines including GCM (golf course management). Two peer-reviewed publications have also been generated in the Agronomy Journal. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This is the last year of this 5-year research project; a new 5-year project has been proposed which build upon the findings from this past project. Future plans include development of techniques to improve water and nutrient use efficiency on turfgrass plants, and to gain a better understanding of soil hydrophobicity and its impact on plant available water.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
For objective 1, since we have shifted the focus to develop techniques that improve water and nutrient use efficiency for turfgrass plants. Through a collaborative effort, we have been able to conduct a series experiments with a Ph.D. student focusing on improving soil infiltration using various wetting agents. Both laboratory- and field-based experiments have been carried out, results generated have been published on peer-reviewed journal. We have also conveyed the knowledge we learned to the end users via various regional, national, and international conferences. We have also able to obtain research funding support from turf professional organization, such as the United States Golf Association. Through these studies, we were able to determine that wetting agents vary significantly in their influence on infiltration. Some of the commercialized compounds are able to change the soil condition from water-repellent to wettable condition, and able to provide more plant available water under water deficiency. Our experiment also found that, however, some of the compounds lack of persistence, and their effects are quickly disappeared within 2-3 runs of irrigation. For objective 2, a different Ph.D. student has been performing experiments both in the growth chamber and under field conditions. This two-year field experiment has found that organic-based materials, including mustard seed meals, are able to influence soil microbial population and activity over time, which in return influenced soil-born pathogen activity on infected turf area. We are right now in the final step of this experiment for data analysis and manuscript development.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Song E., J.G. Schneider, S.H. Anderson, K.W. Goyne, and X. Xiong. 2014. Wetting agent influence on water infiltration into hydrophobic sand: I. Re-wettability. Agronomy Journal. 106: 1873-1878.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Song, E., J.G. Schneider, S.H. Anderson, K.W. Goyne, and X. Xiong. 2014. Wetting agent influence on water infiltration into hydrophobic sand: II. Physical property. Agronomy Journal. 106: 1879-1885.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Xiong, X. 2014. Soil water repellency and wetting agent use on turf: What we know and what we dont know. Departmental Seminar. Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Schneider, J.G., E. Song, and X. Xiong. 2014. Do wetting agents applied via irrigation have potential for maintaining turf quality under reduced irrigation? ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Long Beach, CA, November, 2014.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Schneider, J.G., K.W. Goyne, S.H. Anderson, and X. Xiong. 2014. Methodologies to develop water-repellency in USGA grade sand. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Long Beach, CA, November, 2014.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Schneider, J.G., K.W. Goyne, S.H. Anderson, and X. Xiong. 2014. Characterization of hydrophobicity of various soil-less potting mixtures. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Long Beach, CA, November, 2014.
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Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs Target Audience: During this reporting period, audiences reached were: 1) undergraduate students in an Advanced Turfgrass Management course (PS 4355) through formal classroom instruction; 2) turfgrass management scientific community through national and regional conference; 3) turfgrass management professionals, such as golf course superintendents and lawn-care professionals, through university turf field day and regional professional meetings. Changes/Problems: The first project hasevolved to explore other techniques for improving water and nutrient use efficiency. An earlier study found that the ethylene production under drought stress varied constantly and we were not able to identify a certain stress level/stage when excessive ethylene production occurs. On the other hand, our preliminary study on turfgrass plant growing on a hydrophobic soil with reduced water regime found that plants maintained certain water content after treatment with certain wetting agents. We are planning on continuing our work on this and potentially develop field-based projects to establish water-saving techniques, utilizing chemicals and better irrigation techniques, on a large scale. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Students involved in these two projects include two Ph.D. candidates: Steve Song and Natalie Pan, a Research Specialist, John Haguewood, and an Undergraduate Researcher, Joe Schneider. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results have been shared with turf professionals, including home-lawn managers and golf course superintendents, at the University of Missouri Turf Field Days. Presentations were made at various local and regional conferences, including ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meeting, regional Weed Science Society meeting, Missouri Green Industry Conference, and Mississippi valley Golf Course Superintendents Association educational meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Future plans include development oftechniques to improve water and nutrient use efficiency on turfgrass plants through various lab and field studies. Additionally, anM.S. student is needed to conduct such research. Complete the field study for the 2nd objective and develop lab-based experiments to understand how mustard seed meal affects soil microbial population and/or activity.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
For objective 1, as we were not able to identify stress stage/level when excessive ethylene production occurs, we have shifted the focus of this researchto techniques that improve water and nutrient use efficiency for turfgrass plants. Collaborations were formed with a couple of soil specialists and a Ph.D. student is currently working on a couple of projects which have shown promising results. Research proposals have been submitted to the United States Golf Association, withone project selected for funding starting in 2014 (total approved amount at $30K). For objective 2, a different Ph.D. student has been performing experiments both in the lab and under field conditions. A manuscript has been submitted for publication, and results have been presented in different scientific and professional conferences.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Earlywine, D. T., X. Pan, R. J. Smeda, T. C. Teuton, J. T. English, C. E. Sams, J. C. Sorochan, and X. Xiong. 2013. Oriental Mustard (Brassica juncea) Seed Meal Suppresses Dollar Spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Turf. HortScience.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Pan, X., J.G. Schneider, J.T. English, C.E. Sams, and X. Xiong. 2013. Influence of application method on phytotoxicity of mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) seed meal on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) Turf. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL, November, 2013.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Schneider, J. G., J. B. Haguewood, and X. Xiong. 2012. Methods to safen mustard seed meal applications on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting greens. North Central Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Haguewood, J.B., E. Song, S.H. Anderson, K.W. Goyne, and X. Xiong. 2013. Plant available water in hydrophobic soil affected by wetting agents. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL, November, 2013. (Haguewood won the first place in poster competition of C5 graduate students competition in the category his poster was placed).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Song, E., S.H. Anderson, K.W. Goyne, J.B. Haguewood, and X. Xiong. 2013. Evaluation of infiltration into artificial hydrophobic sand influenced by wetting agents. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL, November, 2013.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs OUTPUTS: For objective 1 regarding ABA interaction with nutrient deficiency influencing turfgrass plant growth, a Post-doctoral Research Associate was hired during 11/2010-02/2012 with a financial support from the University of Missouri Research Board grant ($48,453). Two green-house studies and one growth chamber study were carried out during this period. Results collected indicate that within 10-20 days after drought stress was induced, tall fescue plants exhibited various levels of ethylene productions. Compared to untreated control plants, tall fescue plants under drought condition produced less ethylene during the entire dry-down cycle. The differences between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive plants were minimal. At 12 days after drought stress was initiated, the drought-tolerant variety, 'Finessee II' showed increased ethylene production following exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application. In comparison, drought-sensitive variety, 'Wolfpack' did not show ethylene production increasing. At 15 days after drought treatment, however, the influence from ABA application had disappeared. Plants that received exogenous ABA application, or the drought-tolerant variety, also showed less wilting symptoms, higher relative water content, and better turf quality. Currently, we haven't been able to find the stress level/stage when excessive ethylene production occurs. This is an incomplete study and further efforts are needed. For objective 2 regarding integration of the mustard seed meal (MSM) into turfgrass management, there are a couple of publications and international conferences abstracts that have been generated from studies related to this goal. Various experiments, including laboratory and field studies on MSM usage on turfgrass weeds and fungal diseases have been conducted. Up to date, results indicate that MSM can be used on turf safely for control of various weeds and fungal diseases, including large patch of zoysiagrass, which is the most detrimental disease on zoysiagrass fairway in golf course fairways. Results have been shared with turf professionals, including home-lawn managers and golf course superintendents, at the University of Missouri Turf Field Days, as well as various local and regional conferences. Currently, there is a PhD student and undergraduate student working on this project. PARTICIPANTS: K. Wang, Post-doctoral Research Associate, 11/2010-02/2012, Plant Sciences Division, MU. X. Pan, Graduate Research Associate (PhD candidate), 8/2011-current, Plant Sciences Division, MU. J. Schneider, Undergraduate Researcher, 04/2011-current, Plant Sciences Division, MU. Dr. Nathan Walker, Oklahoma State University. Dr. Carl Sams, University of Tennessee. Dr. Michael Richardson, University of Arkansas. Dr. Shiping Deng, Oklahoma State University. Dr. Jim English, University of Missouri. Dr. Reid Smeda, University of Missouri. Dr. Bob Sharp, University of Missouri. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are turfgrass management professionals, including lawn-care professionals and golf course superintendents. Turfgrass academic programs in the United States were initiated, and still to-date are driven by the golf course community. The findings from my research are mainly geared towards turf professionals. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts For objective 1, a Research Board Grant was obtained and a Post-doctoral Research Associate was trained. A proposal to NIFA was submitted (not funded). It is still a continuing project. For objective 2, a research grant from the United States Golf Association has been recently rewarded ($19,976). A collaboration was formed with a number of collegues at MU and other institutions. A Ph. D. student and an undergraduate researcher are currently working on this project. Two publications were generated and a few more are expected in the next several years. Results have also been presented at varous international meetings and Turf Field Days at MU. A NIFA grant proposal has been submitted (unfunded), and a revised one will be submitted in 2013.
Publications
- Earlywine, D.T., R.J. Smeda, T.C. Teuton, C.E. Sams, and X. Xiong. 2010. Evaluation of oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) seed meal for weed control in turf. Weed Technology. 24(4): 440-445.
- Pan, X., J. T. English, C.E. Sams, and X. Xiong. 2012. The residue effect of mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) seed meal for in vitro suppression of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Cincinnati, OH, October, 2012.
- Wang, K., J.T. English, C.E. Sams, and X. Xiong. 2011. Control of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) large patch disease (Rhizoctonia solani) using mustard (Brassica juncea) seed meal. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX, October, 2011.
- Sharp, R. E., F.B. Fritschi, C. Galen, R. L. Kallenbach, M. Liscum, H. T. Nguyen, M. J. Oliver, S. G. Pallardy, G. Shannon, D. A. Sleper, and X. Xiong. 2009. Plant adaptation to drought --- interdisciplinary research at the University of Missouri. Missouri Energy Summit, Columbia, MO.
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