Source: FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE WOOLFOLK CHEMICAL WORKS SITE ON THE FORT VALLEY, PEACH COUNTY, GEORGIA COMMUNITY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0219923
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
GEOX-5322
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2009
Project End Date
Dec 31, 2014
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Surrency, J.
Recipient Organization
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY
1005 STATE UNIVERSITY DRIVE
FORT VALLEY,GA 31030
Performing Department
Plant Science
Non Technical Summary
Fort Valley, Georgia, a company town in Middle Georgia, is in Peach County (population 23,688). Fort Valley, Georgia is predominantly African-American (74.7%). The Woolfolk Chemical Works Site is located in Fort Valley, Georgia, approximately 18 acres in the central business district of Fort Valley. The Woolfolk Chemical Works Superfund Site (Woolfolk Site) once supported a production, formulation, and packaging facility for pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides. Between 1910 and the 1980s, the Woolfolk Chemical Works facility produced pesticides and fertilizer products supporting the surrounding agriculture operations in Fort Valley and Peach County. The site is located adjacent to Fort Valley's downtown business district. The central portion of the Woolfolk site is bounded to the north by Railroad Street and the Norfolk Southern rail line to the east by Martin Luther King Jr. Drive to the south by commercial and residential land uses, and to the west by portions of Preston Avenue, Jacobs Alley, and residential and community land uses. Low-density residential areas, a commercial corridor, and civic, governmental, and community land uses characterize the surrounding area. The central portion of the Woolfolk site is flat and includes vacant buildings, open areas, a landfill area, a drainage ditch that extends south along Preston Avenue, and an operating commercial business. While the Woolfolk site once served the community's agricultural economy, today the Woolfolk site lies at the center of EPA's environmental remediation in Fort Valley, Georgia. Remedial activities at the site began with site investigations in the 1980s and have progressed over the past several decades to include multiple cleanups. Investigations beginning in the 1980s indicated that the site operations had resulted in arsenic, lead, PCB, dioxin, and pesticide contamination at the site. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Georgia Environmental Protection Division (GEPD) have initiated multiple cleanup activities at the Woolfolk Chemical Company site, including a 1993 time critical removal action, and on-going remediation of ground water and surface soils.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1020199206130%
1020210206110%
1025220206110%
7230199206130%
7230210206110%
7235220206110%
Goals / Objectives
Specific objectives of research project are as follows: (1) To determine the arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) contamination levels in the soil and surface water surrounding the Woolfolk Chemical Works Site in the Fort Valley area, (2) To trace the contaminants that flowed from the Woolfolk Chemical Works Site in the ditches off of Preston Street into the bodies of surface water in the Fort Valley area. This project will be run for five years. Preliminary data will be taken in 2009. Evaluations will be emphasized on achievement of proposed goals within the estimated duration. Our aim is to complete each experiment within one year and report the data at the scientific meetings as early as possible. Significant findings will be communicated to peer-reviewed journals for publication. The importance of the research findings in agricultural scientific knowledge will be assessed by the number of scientific and popular publications resulting from the work. Undergraduate students in Environmental Soil Science will be associated with these studies, either as a part of their research project, or to assist with the collection of samples, laboratory analyses, collection and compilation of data, and analysis procedures. This will help them expand their interests and scientific skills in Environmental Soil Science research. Data generated from this project will be published in scientific journals and presented at local, state, national and international meetings.
Project Methods
Soil and Surface Water Sampling and Preparation for Analysis: For this study, soil samples will be taken every summer from the various identified study sites on a 0.5 mile, 1.0 mile, 1.5 mile and 2.0 mile radius away from the Woolfolk Chemical Works Site. More intense sampling of the Fort Valley State University campus will also be done. No earlier recorded data has been taken on the Fort Valley State University campus. Additional sampling will be taken in areas as the need arises. Ten (10) soil samples will be taken in each gridded area surrounding the Woolfolk Chemical Works Site. This random sampling procedure will give a good representation of data from the community and neighborhoods. An attempt will be made to distribute the intended soil samples within each gridded area. Permission forms to allow the sampling of their yards or property will be signed by landowners. Undisturbed soil cores will be collected using a Eijkelkamp One-Piece Gouge Auger probe to depths of 0-6 inches, 6-12 inches, and 12-18 inches. These depths will be sampled because most of the lead and arsenic is limited to the first 12 to 18 inches of the topsoil, but the arsenic may migrate deeper into the soil profile. The total number of soil samples = 30 x 4 gridded area = 120 x 3 time periods = 360. The soil samples will be trimmed, wrapped in plastic bags, and stored in a refrigerator at 4 degrees C prior to analysis. Surface water samples will also be taken from various water reservoirs in this area. Surface water includes lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers. The polyethylene bottles will be submerged into the surface water until the bottle is full. The polyethylene bottle will then be capped, closed and labeled. The polyethylene bottle will then be placed in a plastic bag and put on ice or in an icebox (4 degrees C) but not frozen for transportation to the laboratory. These soil and water samples will be then be transported to The University of Georgia Lab for Environmental Analysis to be analyzed for their lead and arsenic concentrations by EPA Method 3052. This method is applicable to the microwave assisted acid digestion of arsenic and lead for water and soil samples. DATA ANALYSIS: As and Pb contents will be determined by analysis of variance using the SAS software package (Version 9.1, SAS Institute, INC., Cary, N.C.) The T-test will be used to perform the mean separation and to determine if there will be any significant differences in the soil and water data.

Progress 10/01/09 to 12/31/14

Outputs
Target Audience:The Fort Valley, Peach County, Georgia Community Changes/Problems:Due to the climate, it was sometimes impossible to obtain soil and or/ water samples. The soil was hard due to lack of precipitation or when it rained, the soil was too wet to obtain soil samples. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training on "How to take soil and water samples", "How to analyze the soil and water samples for different elements". Also training on "Arsenic and lead effects onthe human body". How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated to the Woolfolk Chemical Response Group, Fort Valley citizens andsurvey participants at local, state, national and international meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Soil and water samples were taken from identified study sites on 1/2 to 2 mile radius away from the Superfund site. The arsenic and lead concentrations in the soil and surface water surrounding the Woolfolk Chemical Works Site in the Fort Valley area were determined by laboratory analyses. Some arsenic and lead concentration levels were found to exceed EPA's acceptable levels in many samples. The arsenic was found to be remediated in the area to acceptable levels (2-36 ppm) but lead seemed to be extremely high (4-264 ppm) in remote areas of sampling within the sampling grid. Surface water samples were found to be <15 ppm.Contamination has affected soil, sediment, and groundwater on both commercial and residential properties in and around the Superfund site. The affected residents are part of an environmental justice community. While the site's cleanup investigation and the baseline risk assessment indicated that there were 48 contaminants of potential concern; the majority of the site risk was driven by arsenic contamination. The environmental effect that the Superfund site has on this community is detrimental to the health of these Fort Valley, Georgia citizens.Undergraduate students in Environmental Soil Science were associated with this study to assist with the collection of samples, laboratory analyses, collection and compilation of data, and analysis procedures. Paper Presentations/Publications The Environmental Impact of the Woolfolk Chemical Works Superfund Site On the Fort Valley, Georgia Community. Oral Presentation. American Society of Agronomy/Crop Science Society of America/Soil Science Society of America (ASA/CSSA/SSSA) International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL. November 3-6, 2013. A Catastrophe in Fort Valley, Georgia: The Wollfolk Chemical works Superfund Site and Its Environmental Impact on the Community. Oral Presentation. The 17th Biennial Association of 1890 Research Directors (ARD) Symposium. Jacksonville, FL. April 7-10, 2013. The Environmental Impact of the Woolfolk Chemical Works Site on the Fort Valley, Peach County, Georgia Community. Poster Presentation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4 Environmental justice Conference. Atlanta, Georgia. August 16-17,2012. The Environmental Impact of the Woolfolk Chemical Works Site on the Fort Valley, Peach County, Georgia Community. Oral Presentation. The 15th Biennial Association of 1890 Research Director's (ARD) Symposium. Atlanta, Georgia.March 29-April 1, 2009. A Neighborhood In review: 26 years After Woolfolk Chemical site. An Initial Investigation. the Black Environmental Thought: Land, Power and Sustainability Conference. Oral Presentation. Tuskegee, AL. May 22-24, 2007.

Publications


    Progress 01/01/12 to 09/30/12

    Outputs
    Target Audience: This project focuses on evaluating the environmental impact of the Woolfolk Chemical Works Site on the Fort Valley, Peach County, Georgia citizens. Changes/Problems: Due to the drought in the south during the Spring, samplingof soilswas altered because of the lack of moisture (rain). The Earth was very hard and soil samples were difficult to obtain. Equipment was also damaged due to the earth being so hard. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Undergraduate students in Environmental Soil Science are associated with this project, either as part of their research project, or to assist with the collection of soil and water samples, laboratory analyses, collection and compilation of data, and analysis procedures. This will help them expand their interests and scientific skills in Environmental Soil Science research. Data generated from this project has been presented atlocal, state, national and international meetings. Some data will be published in scientific journals. This project addresses the NIFA priority area: Global Food Security and Hunger. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Data from this project has been presented at local, state, national and international meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Attend more conferences to network and publish in scientific journals.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Soil and water samples from the Fort valley area were analyzed for arsenic and lead contamination. Arsenic and leadconcentration levels were found to exceed EPS's acceptable limitsin many samples.We learned this from surveys that we conducted house to house in the Fort Valley area surrounding the Superfund site. Contamination has affected soil, sediment, and groundwater on both commercial and residential properties in and around the Superfund site. The majority of the site risk is being driven by arsenic and lead contamination. The affected residents are part of an environmental justice community.The environmental effect that this Superfund site has had on this community is detrimental to the health of these Fort Valley, Georgia citizens.It has dealt a major blow to this community. These results were presented by an undergraduate Environmental Soil Science student at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 4 Environmental Justice Conference, August 16-17, 2012, in Atlanta, Georgia. He also received an award for his outstanding presentation at this conference.

    Publications

    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2012 Citation: Poster Presentatation. The Environmental Impact of the Woolfolk Chemical Works Superfund Site on the Fort Valley, Georgia Community, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4 Environmental Justice Conference, Atlanta, Georgia. August 16-17, 2012.


    Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: Soil and water samples from a 1/2 mile to 2 mile radius from the Woolfolk Chemical Works Site were taken. Samples were sent to The University of Georgia Lab for Environmental Analysis to be analyzed for their lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) concentrations. Results of the analyses of the soil and water samples were returned. Arsenic and lead concentration levels were found to exceed Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) acceptable levels in many samples. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Jacques Surrency, Environmental Soil Science majors TARGET AUDIENCES: The Fort Valley, Peach County, Georgia Community PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Due to dry season because of lack of rainfall, sampling was delayed. I also had equipment failure due to the auger needing to be repaired. Work study students were also hired to assist with obtaining and preparing soil and water samples for analyses.

    Impacts
    My aim was to complete each experiment within a year but due to a dry season where the soil was very hard due to lack of rain for several months, samples had to be taken at a later date when the soil was moist enough for the soil auger to penetrate the top 18 inches for adequate sampling. The soil auger also broke and had to be repaired or replaced. This further delayed my sampling. The undergraduate students in Environmental Soil Science were associated with the studies, either as part of their research project, or to assist with the collection of the samples, laboratory analyses, collection and compilation of data, and analysis procedures. This helps them expand their interests and scientific skills in Environmental Soil Science research. Data from this project will be published in scientific journals and presented at local, state, national and international meetings. This project addresses the NIFA priority area: Global Food Security and Hunger.

    Publications

    • No publications reported this period


    Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: Began soil sampling and water analyses of the Fort Valley, Peach County, Georgia community surrounding the Woolfolk Chemical Works Superfund Site. Awaiting results of Year #1 analyses of soil and water samples from Environmental Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

    Impacts
    My aim is to complete each experiment within one year and report the data at scientific meetings as early as possible. Significant finding will be communicated to peer-reviewed journals for publication. The importance of the research findings in agricultural scientific knowledge will be assessed by the number of scientific and popular publications resulting from the work. Undergraduate students in Environmental Soil Science will be associated with these studies, either as part of their research project, or to assist with the collection of samples, laboratory analyses, collection and compilation of data, and analysis procedures. This will help them expand their interests and scientific skills in Environmental Soil Science research. Data generated from this project will be published in scientific journals and presented at local, state, national and international meetings. This project will address the NIFA priority area: Global Food Security and Hunger.

    Publications

    • No publications reported this period


    Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: Equipment has been ordered and is arriving daily to begin soil sampling and water analyses of targeted area. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Jacques Surrency ordered equipment needed for the beginning of soil and water sampling of the targeted area. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

    Impacts
    My aim is to complete each experiment within one year and report the data at scientific meetings as early as possible. Significant finding will be communicated to peer-reviewed journals for publication. The importance of the research findings in agricultural scientific knowledge will be assessed by the number of scientific and popular publications resulting from the work. Undergraduate students in Environmental Soil Science will be associated with these studies, either as part of their research project, or to assist with the collection of samples, laboratory analyses, collection and compilation of data, and analysis procedures. This will help them expand their interests and scientific skills in Environmental Soil Science research. Data generated from this project will be published in scientific journals and presented at local, state, national and international meetings. This project will address the NIFA priority area: Global Food Security and Hunger.

    Publications

    • No publications reported this period