Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/14
Outputs
Target Audience:It specifically addresses the need to recruit, retain, and train the next generation of Agricultural/Biological Engineering in sustainable agriculture through CEA. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Sept. 1, 2011-August 31, 2012: Stacy obtained a National Science Foundation (NSF) GK-12 Fellowship for academic year (AY 2011-2012) The fellowship program, called Heatwaves, aims to bring innovative research in water and energy resources to K-12 classrooms through Masters and PhD students in engineering programs. Stacy chose to pursue this fellowship (even though she had to take a year off the NNF) because it furthers her goals of gaining experience working with K-12 students to share her knowledge of controlled environment growing systems and help students see the real-world applications of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. She worked with a high school agriculture teacher three days per week, designing and implementing lessons and coaching the teacher and students in their work in their 3000 square foot tomato greenhouse. a. Curricula and Research:See above section.b. Experiential Learning/Innovative Features. Stacy: 1. GK-12 Heatwaves Fellowship 2. Continued to give tours of the UA Teaching Greenhouse 3. Assisted Dr. Rorabaugh with a weekend Hydroponic Plant Nutrition Workshop and one week intensive short course on commercial vining crop production. 4. Held an information session on organic growing at the UA CEAC Short Course in April 2012 and assisted with the entire course as needed. 5. Worked with/ mentored by a visiting scholar from Turkey who has experience with vermicomposting and its use in crop production. 6. Attended and presented at theMulticultural Scholars and National Needs Fellows Programs in Washington DC, Project Directors Biannual Meeting 2012.7. Continued assisting Dr. Rorabaugh with the PLS 217 class with their work in the greenhouse. 8. Attended UA-CEAC Annual Engineering and Crop Production course each year and in 2014 taught a session entitled "Greenhouse Pest Problems: Insects, Mites, and Disease". Polly: 1) Presented and hosted tours of photovoltaic integrated high-tunnel greenhouse concept to Controlled Environment Agriculture Center (CEAC) visitors, volunteers and guests including a) Presentation and tour for Seiji Matsuda and Bill Fiedler of AGC Company, Japan, b) Presentation for Dr. Byoung Ryong Jeong, Dr. Seung Jae Hwang of Gyeongang National University, South Korea, c) Presentation for Annual UA-CEAC Research Retreat which also host Dr. Nina Federoff, Distinguished Professor, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia d) Presentation CEAC Volunteer Group e) technical presentation about her project and introduce the PV powered greenhouse system during the Annual UA-CEAC Hydroponics Crop Production and Engineering Short Course in April, 2012. 2) Demonstrated engineering applications and taught plant science to 3rd - 8th graders at the Math, Science and Technology FunFest hosted by Raytheon 20123) This NNF project also provided additional training and educational experience through International Research Travel Allowances (IRTA) funding for Polly. Through this opportunity, Polly visited the Wageningen University in the Netherlands in April 2013. The objective of the visit was to learn and contribute to photovoltaic projects relevant to her studies in Wageningen and Bleiswijk and to share the results and experiences from her research work. Therefore, she made a technical presentation about her research at Wageningen University on "System Dynamics of a Photovoltaic System." Polly also attended presentations by Drs. Feije de Zwart and Gert-Jan Swinkels on photovoltaics integrated greenhouse systems projects conducted at Wageningen University. Polly received data on photovoltaic projects in Wageningen to analyze, discuss and create a brief report of the conclusions of the research. Stacy and Polly both had the opportunity to lead and educate students on agricultural practices as adjunct instructors at Pima Community College in summer 2014. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As discussed above, Polly shared results and experiences of her work with researchers at Wageningen University in the Netherlands during her IRTA experience. Before Polly graduated, she attended the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) Annual and International Conference in Kansas City, Missouri from July 21 to July 24, 2013. At the conference, she presented her research on "System Dynamics of an Off-Grid Greenhouse." Polly was also able to publish her paper, "System Dynamics of a Photovoltaic Integrated Greenhouse" in the GreenSys 2013 Conference papers. Her paper for a peer-reviewed journal article is in the resubmission process as well. She co-instructed "Off-the-grid greenhouse system" presentations as part of hands-on sessions and technical tours during UA-CEAC Annual Hydroponics Crop Production and Engineering Shortcourse (2012 and 2013). Stacy traveled in June 2013 to the Netherlands and presented her research at the GROSci conference, International Symposium on Growing Media and Soilless Cultivation. She also helped prepare posters for the UA Sustainability Conference in March 2013 and the American Phytopathological Society Caribbean and Pacific Division Meeting, June 17-19, Tucson, AZ, which her colleague presented. The first paper of her research was submitted to Plant and Soil and accepted for publication in 2014. She has prepared another paper to be submitted to the peer-reviewed journal Compost Science and Utilization. During the UA-CEAC Annual Crop Production and Engineering Short Course and Tomato Intensive Courses over the past three years, many participants had questions about compost teas and organic growing. Stacy shared with them her growing knowledge of the subjects. She taught the pest management and GHP/GAP and organic certification sections of the Tomato Intensive course in January 2015. Both Stacy and Polly presented their research proposal and results at the Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department Graduate Student Seminar series. They also made technical presentations about their research to faculty, staff, students, industry participants, alumni and volunteers during UA-CEAC Annual Summer Research Retreats each year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1) Fellows persist with the program and obtain their degree. Polly and Stacy continued their progress in their degree program, taking coursework and working on their research projects. Polly took: Fall 2011: MSE 573 - Producing silicon for the Chemical, Electronics, and Metallurgical Industries, ABE 696A - ABE Seminar, ABE 583 - Controlled Environment Systems, ABE 910 - Thesis Units. Spring 2012: MSE 521 - Accessing Solar Energy through Engineering, MATH 571B - Design of Experiments, ABE 696A - ABE Seminar, ABE 601 - Research Methods, ABE 575A - Physiology of Plant Production. Stacy took: Fall 2011: ABE 696a: Seminar, CHEE 597a: GK-12 Fellow Workshop, ABE 910 Dissertation Units; Spring 2012: ABE 601: Research Methods in Biosystems Engineering, ABE 696a: Seminar, CHEE 597a: GK-12 Fellow Workshop, ABE 910 Dissertation Units. Fall 2012: ABE 696A: Seminar, ABE 920: Dissertation units. Spring 2013:ABE 696A: Seminar, ABE 920: Dissertation units. They both continued their coursework and research and both successfully completed their programs. 2) Fellows become CEA experts (attain core competencies in coursework and research application). Polly: The classes she has taken prepared her for the management of the high-tunnel greenhouses and working with PV power systems. "The Controlled Environment Agriculture" class greatly improved her understanding in the technical details surrounding materials used to control and maximize certain variables within greenhouses. Additionally, the "Applied Instrumentation in Controlled Environment Agriculture" class she took as an undergraduate student gave her the knowledge to understand how sensors and controls of enclosed systems work. She has also taken two courses that deal with the production and usage of photovoltaic panels to better prepare herself for her research in analyzing the feasibility of the photovoltaic integrated greenhouse. Polly has learned how to use a specialized instrument, PV module analyzer, for IV curve trace analysis and evaluate the performance of PV panels under a given environmental condition. At the beginning of Spring 2012 semester, she started working in Dr. Patricia Rorabaugh's teaching greenhouse to learn about hydroponics crop production and management, including seeding, crop management, collecting data and harvesting from tomato crops. Sept. 1, 2012-Aug. 31, 2013: Polly's research project evaluated the system dynamics of an off-the-grid greenhouse, a greenhouse system equipped with fan and pad cooling system using sand culture for hydroponics tomato production and integrated with photovoltaic power generating system, located in an arid environment. The project demonstrated that the off-the-grid greenhouse system produced 19.8 MJ m-2 energy while demanding 18.3 MJ m-2 energy with weekly cherry tomato production capacity of 0.95 kg m-2 for seven month based crop production period (April-Nov 2012). The overall system capabilities and limitations were also determined and presented. Her study with the off-the-grid greenhouse food production system is among few in the literature focusing on system dynamics and evaluating resource use efficiencies of such production systems. Through the coursework, research, professional meetings and presentations, thesis, she learned and applied, and communicated to multiple-stakeholders, the knowledge of cutting edge agriculture systems that can be used to develop and expand sustainable agriculture practices in the United States and internationally. Polly graduated in May 2013. Stacy: Stacy connected with a professor, Martha Hawes, in the Soil, Water, and Environmental Science Department (her minor) who has an interest in compost and compost teas. Dr. Hawes agreed to be on her committee. Dr. Hawes shared information about the work she has been doing with compost teas and disease resistance. She's been working with Fusarium solani and pea and Dr. Hawe's provided extensive mentoring on the subject and laboratory procedures. Dr. Kacira gave Stacy greenhouse space to experiment with using compost teas as organic nutrient solution, and to do some preliminary testing with Dr. Hawes with using compost teas to suppress disease in pea. These preliminary tests helped Stacy narrow down her actual project, which she began Fall 2012. Sept. 1, 2012-Aug. 31, 2013: Stacy has completed all of her coursework. She narrowed down her project to concentrate on compost teas and suppression of F. solani in pea. This project relates to CEA in that the use of compost teas have potential to be a non-synthetic pesticide that can be used as biocontrol to suppress common root diseases that can cause considerable crop damage to hydroponic crops. Dr. Hawes has donated laboratory space and assistance by her post-doc student and the CEAC and Dr. Giacomelli and Dr. Kacira have donated greenhouse space and materials. She started preliminary trials in Fall 2012 and completed the research studies for her dissertation in late fall and during Spring 2013. She completed her dissertation consisting of two peer-reviewed journal articles (one published, one submitted), an additional study, and a description of additional educational and outreach projects she has undertaken during her PhD program. She graduated in December 2014. 3) Fellows demonstrate excellent communication, professionalism, and leadership skills (as demonstrated by their work with faculty and peers, research presentations, and their work with government agencies and industry personnel). Both Fellows have presented at conferences, written papers, and participated in a variety of leadership activities as described in the subsequent section. 4) Fellows obtain work in the TESA upon completion of their degree. After graduating, Polly Juang has joined the adjunct faculty at Pima Community College in Tucson through her connections with UA-CEAC. She and Stacy Tollefson (the PhD candidate in this project) co-taught a 2014 summer agriculture class and helped develop the foothold of the new agricultural program at Pima Community College. Polly and some of her students presented a poster, "The Results of Innovative Bridge Programs in Higher Education: Agri-SURF" at the Agri-Science Education for the 21st Century: Diversity, Access, Success Conference in Miami, Florida on November 19-22, 2014. Polly began PhD studies in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering at UA in Fall 2014. After graduating, Stacy took an adjunct faculty position at the UA to teach ABE 497c/597c: Greenhouse Pest Management: Methods and Practice. She is looking for a fulltime faculty position in CEA, and hopes to stay at the UA.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Tollefson, S.J., Curlango-Rivera, G., and Hawes, M.C.Use of Growth Pouch Assays to Predict Disease Suppression of Compost Water Extracts (CWE). Presented at GroSci 2013, Netherlands: International Symposium on Growing Media and Soilless Cultivation.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Curlango-Rivera, G. Tollefson, S. Pew, T. Giacomelli, G., & Hawes, M. C. (2014). Understanding root-microbe interactions at the leading edge of the rhizosphere: Harnessing the plant's 'white blood cells' to increase efficacy of compost applications. Poster presentation, UA Sustainability Conference, March 24-25.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Tollefson, S.J., Curlango-Rivera, G., Pew, T., Giacomelli, G, and Hawes, M.C. (2013). FACTORS INFLUENCING DISEASE SUPPRESSION BY
COMPOST WATER EXTRACTS (CWE) UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS. Poster presented at the American Phytopathological Society Caribbean and Pacific Division Meeting, June 17-19, Tucson, AZ
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tollefson, S. J., Curlango-Rivera, G., Huskey, D. A., Pew, T., Giacomelli, G., & Hawes. M.C. (2014). Altered Carbon Delivery from Roots: Rapid, Sustained Inhibition of Border Cell Dispersal in Response to Compost Water Extracts. Accepted in Plant and Soil, not yet published.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tollefson, S. J., Curlango-Rivera, G., Giacomelli, G., & Hawes. M.C. (2014). Effect of a Compost Water Extract on Growth and Root Disease Suppression in Pea Grown in Different Substrates. To be submitted to Compost Science and Utilization.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Juang, P. and M. Kacira. 2014. System Dynamics of an Off-the-Grid Greenhouse in Semi-arid Climate.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Juang, P. and M. Kacira. 2013. System dynamics of an off-grid greenhouse. ASABE Annual and International Meeting, Kansas State, MO, July 21-24.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Juang, P. and M. Kacira. 2013. System dynamics of a photovoltaic integrated greenhouse. International Symposium on New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory (GreenSys2013), Jeju, South Korea, October 6-11
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Juang, P. and M. Kacira. 2014. System dynamics of a photovoltaic integrated greenhouse. ActaHorticulturae, 1037: 99-104.
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Progress 09/01/10 to 08/31/11
Outputs
Target Audience:It specifically addresses the need to recruit, retain, and train the next generation of Agricultural/Biological Engineering in sustainable agriculture through CEA. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Stacy has been taking two courses per semester, continuing to work 15 hours per week as Dr. Rorabaugh's greenhouse manager, and immersing herself in many experiential and outreach activities. a) Curricula. See above section. b) Experiential Learning/Innovative Features. 1. Teaching Greenhouse. Stacy is the greenhouse manager, responsible for coordinating the PLS /397c class and student workers, maintaining research databases, nutrient stock solutions, IPM, fertigator and system monitoring and troubleshooting, and doing plant work and harvesting. She is also responsible for coordinating produce sales to distributors and other buyers. She assists the undergraduates with their plant work and other greenhouse duties. She also gives tours to individuals and small groups in this and the other greenhouses. 2. Educational Outreach. InFebruary 2011, Stacy worked on a booth and gave presentation for BIO5 Institute's "Future of Plant Sciences" Event on campus for Cochise County Math and Science Day for grades 4-8. She presented a CEA/hydroponics booth at the Annual Tucson Festival of Books at UA and she assisted in giving a tour to 40 Iowa farmers. In April, shepresented a booth for Tucson Village Farm's (AZ Cooperative Extension Event) GreenFest (April 2, 2011) and gave a tour to the College of Ag and Life Sciences Faculty. In July, she assisted Dr. Rorabugh in teaching a SImple Systems Workshop.She is currently working with three local high school teachers, assisting them with their hydroponic greenhouses. She helped the teachers set up their greenhouses and she continues to go to the schools periodically to check on the plants and train the teachers.3. Controlled Environment Agriculture Student Association (CEASA). Stacy is the treasurer of the club. She helps set up and maintain club production systems, IPM monitoring, and heads up the Farmer's Market sales every Sunday. She put together a poster about the various hydroponic systems used at the CEAC which is displayed at the Farmer's Markets.4. Short Course. Stacy assited with the development of the short course.Sheattendedmany of the sessions at the UA-CEAC Annual Crop Production and Engineering Short Course and taught the Lettuce and Herb Production Hands-onsession 5. Industry Relations. She will be contacting Jiffy Corporation and Vermillion Wormery soon, to ask them to act as a partner in her research. This spring semester, Stacy is in the process of designing her dissertation research project and writing up her proposal. The tentative title of her project is Organic Hydroponics: Comparison of Growth, Yield, and Quality of Tomatoes Grown Conventionally and With Compost Tea. She will compare a traditional rockwool/inorganic fertilizer drip system with other drip systems using an organic compost tea as a fertilizer and different types of media including sand culture, coconut coir, and compost. She is doing some preliminary research on development of compost teas this spring semester and plans to start her research before the semester ends. Depending on how involved she wants to get with this research, her dissertation may consist only of this study or it may still include some hydroponic and greenhouse curriculum development. She will be meeting with her committee in a few weeks to discuss and make a final plan. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?During the UA-CEAC Annual Crop Production and Engineering Short Course and Tomato Intensive courses, many participants had questions about compost teas and organic growing. Stacy shared with them her growing knowledge of the subjects. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Stacy has been given the opportunity to take a year off the NNF program to expand her teaching experience and further her outreach activities by accepting an NSF Graduate Teaching Fellowhip through the UA Chemical EngineeringHEATWAVES program. She will work 15-20 hours per week with a local High School Agriculture teacher to increase the rigor in the agriculture classes, to share best practices and new knowledge of CEA, hydroponic systems and plant production, water conservation and energy technologies including solar, with both students and the teacher. In the meantime, Stacy will continue to refine her dissertation project ideas and continue doing educational outreach and engage in professional development activities.Polly will continue taking classes, engagingin educational outreach and professional development,and working on her project.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Polly Juang was recruited to the Master's prgoram in Summer 2011 in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (ABE) funded by the NNF Grant. 1) Fellows persist with the program and obtain their degree. Polly started working on preliminary research (taking ABE 910 - thesis units) immediately after she was admitted as a graduate student in Summer 2011. She has completed literature review related to her research project. Stacy continued taking her graduate coursework , Fall 2010: ABE 284: Biosystems Thermal Engineering (an undergraduate deficiency for the ABE department) and a graduate course, ABE 583: Controlled Environment Systems. Spring 2011: ABE 579: Applied Instrumentation for CEA and SWES 602: Nutrient Dynamics in Soils. 2) Fellows become CEA experts (attain core competencies in coursework and research application). This spring semester, Stacy is in the process of designing her dissertation research project and writing up her proposal. The tentative title of her project is Organic Hydroponics: Comparison of Growth, Yield, and Quality of Tomatoes Grown Conventionally and With Compost Tea. She will compare a traditional rockwool/inorganic fertilizer drip system with other drip systems using an organic compost tea as a fertilizer and different types of media including sand culture, coconut coir, and compost. She is doing some preliminary research on development of compost teas this spring semester and plans to start her research before the semester ends. Depending on how involved she wants to get with this research, her dissertation may consist only of this study or it may still include some hydroponic and greenhouse curriculum development. She will be meeting with her committee in a few weeks to discuss and make a final plan. Polly has started working in a project which will integrate a low cost off-grid controlled environment crop production system powered by solar photovoltaics power system. The project aims to evaluate the dynamics of the greenhouse system and power generation system and demonstrate the use of resources efficiently. Targeted applications of the integrated system is for sustainable crop production for remote locations having no immediate access to resources, in harsh climates and disastrous zones, military applications, and local/fresh and safer food production. Polly's objectives include to successfully operate and manage the low cost PV powered high tunnel greenhouses with tomato crops that are grown in sand culture and to evaluate the feasibility of this off-grid integrated crop production system. She will use these experiences to support local, fresh and low-cost food production as well as to disseminate information and education to the community about resource sustainability. She has already given tours and presentations that describe the potential impacts photovoltaic powered greenhouse systems could have in agriculture, environment, and the world. 3) Fellows demonstrate excellent communication, professionalism, and leadership skills (as demonstrated by their work with faculty and peers, research presentations, and their work with government agencies and industry personnel). Since Polly just started as a Fellow this summer, she does not have any of these events to report. See "Opportunities for training and professional development" for Stacy's events. 4) Fellows obtain work in the TESA upon completion of their degree. Fellows are still working on their degree programs.
Publications
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Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/10
Outputs
Stacy Tollefson is taking two graduate courses, working 15 hours per week as Dr. Rorabaugh's greenhouse manager, and immersing herself in many experiential and outreach activities. a) Curricula - Spring semester, Stacy is enrolled in ABE 575A: Physiology of Plant Production Under Controlled Environments and ABE 597c: Greenhouse Pest Management. b) Experiential Learning/Innovative Features a. Teaching Greenhouse. Stacy is the greenhouse manager, responsible for coordinating and assisting the PLS /397c class and student workers, maintaining research databases, nutrient stock solutions, IPM, fertigator and system monitoring and troubleshooting, and doing plant work and harvesting and coordinating sales. She also gives tours to the public. b. Educational Outreach. Stacy is working with Dr. Rorabaugh and Dr. Kubota on a booth for Cochise County Math and Science Day (in May 2010), for grades 4-8. She and Dr. Rorabaugh are developing curriculum and teaching a two week summer science camp through Arizona Youth University (UA) for grades 7-11. This camp will take place at the CEAC and teach students about growing plants in the desert. They are also planning to do a teacher professional development workshop in the summer as well. c. Controlled Environment Agriculture Student Association (CEASA). Stacy is the treasurer and now acting President for CEASA. She helps set up and maintain club production systems and heads up the Farmer's Market sales every Sunday. d. Short Course. Stacy will assist with the hands-on workshops and she will attend much of the short course. e. Industry Relations. Stacy is creating a student club booth for the UA Innovation Day showcase. She will attend the entire Innovation Day and talk with industry professionals, entrepreneurs, and investors. f. Grant Writing. Stacy is on a committee developing a US Department of Education Innovations in Education Grant (I3) with members of the CEAC, UA Colleges of Agriculture, Engineering, and Education, and local school districts to bring CEA and sustainable ecosystems science to K-12 schools. The goal is to improve student interest and achievement in CEA and STEM and ultimately increase the pipeline of students going into STEM disciplines. Stacy is also thinking about ideas for her dissertation. She wants to do some combination of pure research and educational research. She is interested in closed, recycled systems, looking into ways to make hydroponic produce organic or making nutrient teas from plant leaf material. She is also interested in the effects of various lighting schemes on plant growth and production. She'd like to design systems for school greenhouses that would take the least expertise, money, and maintenance but still give students high quality experiences. She is thinking about maybe doing one big study building a rooftop greenhouse system and curriculum for a school. PRODUCTS: [Products are the items or services produced; a measure of project expenditures.] The products of the project, from the stipends provided, will be 1 PhD and 1 MS student, both conversant and capable in greenhouse engineering AND plant sciences related to crop production within controlled environments, and having knowledge and experience in education of students. OUTCOMES: [Outcomes are the immediate or direct effects of the program on participants. An outcome is something that follows as a result (either intentional or unintentional); a measure of project effectiveness.] In the process of the student education, procedures will be developed and enhanced for improving the education of future students within this and future interdisciplinary programs, espcially for CEA. DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES: [Activities designed to the function of distributing information to the public, whether through printed documents or electronic or other media. It is a proactive role in announcing, circulating, communicating, diffusing, publicizing, publishing achievements, products, outcomes and impacts.] Each student will develop a project to explore an area of particular interest. Designed with a faculty mentor, this project may include an internship experience with a grower or with an educational entity (e.g. K-12 school), or it may involve developing outreach materials or short courses. The project will involve a final product such as a report or portfolio to demonstrate what has been learned from the experience. In addition information dissemination will occur with the attendance and/or presentation of research at a professional conference, or the preparation and publication of research in peer-reviewed journals, and/or professional periodicals will be completed. FUTURE INITIATIVES: [Activities planned to occur beyond the funding period.] We will use experiences gained from this project to develop more projects for education for additional future leaders in CEA.
Impacts
[Impacts are the identified longer-term as well as unintended program effects. An impact is the influence or consequence resulting from an outcome; a measure of project success (especially long-term). Answers the question, "What difference are you making" [Note: Impact statements are most useful when a measurable unit is included.] The long-term impact will be the educational knowledge-based procedures for educating future students interested in CEA (controlled environment agriculture). They in turn will become the future growers, greenhouse managers, supporting industry workers, researchers, educators, financial advisors, economic developers, and political advisors within the controlled environment industry in the world. In general, CEA programs as prepared and disseminated by the CEAC [controlled environment agriculture center] within the ABE [agricultural & biosystems engineering department] and the PLS [plant sciences department] at CALS [college of agriculture & life sciences], reach as many as 50 new and interested students each year through our academic programs, 125 industry professionals each year through our yearly educational short course, and hundreds of visitors to our demonstration greenhouses each year.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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