Source: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
WOOD UTILIZATION RESEARCH : BIOFUELS, BIOPRODUCTS, HYBRID BIOMATERIALS COMPOSITES PRODUCTION, AND TRADITIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0219386
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
PEN04350
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NE-1037
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 1, 2009
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2011
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Brown, NI, R.
Recipient Organization
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
208 MUELLER LABORATORY
UNIVERSITY PARK,PA 16802
Performing Department
School of Forest Resources
Non Technical Summary
The following are expected outcomes/impacts of this work: value-added, durable wood-based composite materials, biomedical applications for lignocellulosic materials, alternative strategies for removing lignin from wood during bioconversion, and improved understanding of available woody biomass as well as the impacts of using the fiber for bioenergy versus other uses. In a broader sense, the work will also train undergraduate and graduate students in this important emerging area that should have important societal impact.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
5110650104015%
5110650200030%
5110650202030%
5110650209025%
Knowledge Area
511 - New and Improved Non-Food Products and Processes;

Subject Of Investigation
0650 - Wood and wood products;

Field Of Science
2090 - Statistics, econometrics, and biometrics; 1040 - Molecular biology; 2020 - Engineering; 2000 - Chemistry;
Goals / Objectives
1. Production of new and innovative biofuels/biochemicals from wood. 2. Development and application of innovative structural biomaterials from wood, lignocellulose and hybrid materials.
Project Methods
With respect to producing new and innovative biofuels/biochemicals from wood, resource characterization efforts are underway. Wood-based materials are being characterized for their properties, particularly in light of their conversion to biofuels. Genetically modified wood tissues are of particular interest. New chemical strategies are being employed to produce value-added residuals that could ultimately benefit the integrated forest biorefinery. Faculty are also conducting work on forest inventory, feedstock supply, and wood demand issues to determine the true potential of woody biomass for bioenergy. Specific methods used towards objective 1 include: NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analyses, differential scanning calorimetry, liquid chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, GIS, and etc. bjective two is related to the production and application of wood-based or other lignocellulosic materials as well as hybrid materials in structural uses. Work relating to this theme focuses on novel utilization of biomaterials, chiefly cellulose, with other natural polymer systems. Cellulose nanowhiskers have been isolated and combined with a variety of protein-based systems to design novel nanocomposites. Methods used in support of this task include those mentioned previously, but we are also using a variety of standard molecular biology techniques to isolate, amplify, and purify proteins; chemical tools for blending the lignocellulosic based fibers with the proteinaceous components, a specific assembly to control fiber deposition, and advanced analytical techniques to characterize the strength and morphology of the materials.

Progress 08/01/09 to 09/30/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Outputs for this project include experiments to assess: a variety of new biomaterials (cellulose wound care systems, cellulose-chitin composites, cellulose-polypeptide binding, and cellulose-calcium binding), emissions from bioenergy and biomaterial utilization research, and phytosanitation methods. In addition, the following patents are outputs. Information has been disseminated via presentations at research conferences (see information in publications section) and via meetings with relevant industrial partners. PARTICIPANTS: PIs include: Dr. Douglas Archibald, Dr. Nicole Brown, Dr. Jeffrey Catchmark, Dr. John Janowiak, Dr. Judd Michael, and Dr. Charles Ray. Penn State co-PIs include: Dr. Kelly Hoover, Dr. Paul Smith, and Dr. Ming Tien. PIs and co-PIs outside of Penn State include: a government cooperative investigator, Ron Mack (Commodity Treatment Specialist); the USDA Forest Products Lab (especially Dr. Joseph Jakes); the USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection (APHIS), PPQ, Pest Survey, Detection and Exclusion Laboratory; Otis, ANGB, MA and other personal at APHIS facilities (Brighton. MI); Dr. Robert Hack, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station (East Lansing, MI); Ben Wilson (Technical Manager) PSC, Inc. A Litzler Company, (Cleveland, OH); Luzie Zaza (Engineer), Emitech SRL (Molfetta, Italy); Luca Bersa (Technical & Engineering Manager) Global Wood Service SA (Geneva, Switerland). The following governmental organizations have participated in or supported this work: USDA, NSF, and DOE. Dana Mears, Yang Hu, Jing Guo, Jin Gu, Lin Fang, Bradley Gething, Brett Diehl, Thomas Ruffing, Jesse Mowry, Paul Munson, Curtis Frantz, Xin Gu, Li Ma, and Shirin Shahidi have all participated as graduate students. Undergraduate student participants include Shauna Couch, Serena Wang, E. Fares, and N.S. Bergey. Mr. Ed Kaiser participated as a technician. TARGET AUDIENCES: Various product manufacturers and end-user groups are being served by the research. Targets include the scientific community especially groups performing fundamental studies of the structure and response of lignocellulosic materials, including studies of biological diversity, durability, surface chemical composition, material recalcitrance thermomechanics, viscoelasticity, and biomaterial composite development. A wide segment of industry is another important target. This includes material producers, related chemical industries, conversion industries (for bioenergy/products) and the traditional wood and pulp and paper industries. Governmental organizations and policy makers are a target for the phytosanitary project. Students who are exposed to new research results through resident instruction are an important target. Secondary audiences include PSU alumni and visitors. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
In the area of biomedical products, a new tissue scaffold material has been developed which is useful for anisotropic tissue growth (patent pending). In the area of composites, a new paper composite material containing nothing but food additives has been developed which exhibits dramatically increased wet strength and water barrier properties (patent application submitted, in discussion with companies for licensing and further development). Furthermore, we are exploring a protein binder system for cellulose composites such as paper. This system is based on whole milk casein which binds to cellulose, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. Two patents have been submitted on this and another is in preparation. Progress is being made on several items of fundamental interest. This includes the exploration of glass transitions of hemicellulosic sugars within plant cell walls, and also the identification of structural linkages between lignin and proteins within cell walls. We have also developed or improved infrared techniques for the assessment of lignocellulosic materials to enhance research on both fundamental studies of lignocellulosic structure and diversity, and practical work on nanocellulose-based composites. Research activities continue to progress studying viable applications of microwave (MW) and radio-frequency (RF) for phytosanitizing solid wood packaging material (SWPM). Specifically, research was performed to further study the effectiveness of dielectric heating applying radio-frequency (R-F) energy to varying diameter (freshly harvested with bark-on) ash log specimens. This study was designed to collect R-F treating mortality data (survival rates) with speciments infested the invasive pest the Emerald ash borer (EAB-Agrilus planipennis). Over 300 treatment replications were included in the test study with target dielectric heating to 35, 40 45, 50, 55 degrees C. This data groupings of lower thermal treatment condition is intended to provide lower temperature measures to develop the statistical verification (brute force) or modeling to define the Probit 9 efficacy response curve (e.g. 99.9968% mortality) desired for submission application and subsequent approvals a recognized ISPM 15 standard for phytosanitation of solid wood packaging material. A more specific research objective was also completed to study the potential heterogeneous heating pattern of a R-F system of a directional dielectric field to study this effect of thermal development within the round geometric shape of Experimentation included both internal temperature elevations (fiber optic probes inserted experimental depth and positional placements) to monitor targeted core temperatures with corresponding end of cycle thermal imaging scans of the quadrant marked log sections. Treated specimens and random selected comparative control were adequately stored to allow adult EAB survival emergence for efficacy data collection. Post treatments (outer bark removal and inner cambium wood tissue) to characterize (presence of in-star larvae and pupae) combined with actual adult survival emergence hole mapping were then subsequently performed.

Publications

  • Iyer, P. R., J. M. Catchmark, N. R. Brown, and M. Tien. 2011. Biochemical localization of a protein involved in synthesis of acetobacter xylinum cellulose. Cellulose. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-011-9504-4.
  • Ruffing, T. C., N. R. Brown, P. M. Smith, and W. Shi. 2011. Global Formaldehyde Emission Standards. Wood and Fiber Science 43(1):21-31.
  • Shahidi, S. S. M. 2011. Comparison of the Potential Impacts of Microwave Phytosanitary Treatment of Wooden Pallets to Conventional Heat and Methyl Bromide Treatments. M.S. Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 75 pages.
  • Archibald, D. D., M. N. A. Mohamed, and J. D. Kubicki. 2011. Evaluating mechanisms of water penetration in heated cellulose I allomorphs through experiments and modeling. In 241st American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition Abstracts. Anaheim, CA. March 27-31. 2011. p. 89.
  • Archibald, D. D., R. E. Glick, and C. H. Haigler. 2011. Property transformations in the non-crystalline biopolymers of cotton seed hair fibers during secondary cell wall maturation. In 241st American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition Abstracts. Anaheim, CA. March 27-31, 2011. p. 88.
  • Hu, Y. and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. In-vitro biodegradability and mechanical properties of bioabsorbable bacterial cellulose incorporating cellulase enzymes. Acta Biomater. 7(7):2835-2845.
  • Hu, Y. and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. Integration of cellulases into bacterial cellulose: toward bioabsorbable cellulose composites. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B. 97B(1):114-123.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. Continuous pullulan fermentation by Aureobasidium pullulans in a PCS biofilm reactor. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 90(3):921-927.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. Evaluation of medium composition and cultivation parameters on pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans. Food Science and Technology International 17(2):99-109.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, J. M. Catchmark, and V. M. Puri. 2011. Effects of initial ammonium sulfate concentration on batch kinetics of pullulan production. Journal of Food Engineering 103:115-122.
  • Cheng, K. C., J. M. Catchmark, and A. Demirci. 2011. Effects of CMC addition on bacterial cellulose production in a biofilm reactor and its paper sheets analysis. Biomacromolecules 12(3):730-736.
  • Mears-Leiner, D. and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. Biocompatible Cellulose Casein Mineral Composites. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 11111772. 10 pp.
  • Guo, J. and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. Surface area and porosity characterization of nano scaled cellulose from different acid treatments. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. St. Joseph, MI. August 7-10. ASABE Paper No. 1111669. 10 pp.
  • Gu, J. and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. Interaction of casein functionalized cellulose whiskers with poly(lactic acid). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 110089. 8 pp.
  • Gu, J. and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. Formation and characterization of bacterial cellulose particles in the presence of hemicelluloses and pectin. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 110090. 10 pp.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. Continuous pullulan fermentation in a PCS biofilm reactor. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 1110434. 12 pp.
  • Cheng, K. C., J. M. Catchmark, and A. Demirci. 2011. Bacterial cellulose production in a biofilm reactor and its paper sheets analysis. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 1110436. 12 pp.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. Continuous pullulan fermentation in a PCS biofilm reactor. Northeast Agricultural and Biological Engineering Conference (NABEC), American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. St. Joseph, MI. 8 pp.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, and J. M. Catchmark. 2011. Pullulan: biosynthesis and biotechnological production. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 92(1):29-44.
  • Iyer, P., J. M. Catchmark, N. R. Brown, and M. Tien. 2011. Biochemical localization of a protein involved in synthesis of Gluconacetobacter hansenii cellulose. Cellulose 18(3):739-747.
  • Catchmark, J. M. 2011. Cellulose: A mystery and a challenge for biomass energy conversion. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 1111061. 10 pp.
  • Hu, Y. 2011. A novel bioabsorbable bacterial cellulose. Ph.D. Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 226 pgs.
  • Guo, J.. 2011. Cellulose nanostructure and binding characteristics. Ph.D. Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University, PA. 241 pgs.
  • Mears, D. 2011. Environmentally Sustainable and Biocompatible Cellulose-Casein-Mineral Composites, M. S. Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 88 pgs.


Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The following patents are outputs. Also, information has been shared via presentations at research conferences (see information in publications section). Catchmark, J. M., G. S. McCarty, A. Hatzor- de Picciotto, G. P. Lavallee, M. A. Rogosky. 2009. Manufacturing method for molecular rulers, Patent No. 7,585,334. U. S. Patent and Trademark Office. Washington, DC. Paxton, W., A. Sen, T. E. Mallouk, J. M. Catchmark. 2009. Autonomous moving microstructures, Patent No. 7,516,759. U. S. Patent and Trademark Office. Washington, DC. PARTICIPANTS: PIs include: Dr. Douglas Archibald, Dr. Nicole Brown, Dr. Jeffrey Catchmark, Dr. John Janowiak, Dr. Judd Michael, and Dr. Charles Ray. Penn State co-PIs include: Dr. Kelly Hoover, Dr. Dr. Paul Smith, and Dr. Ming Tien. PIs and co-PIs outside of Penn State include: a government cooperative investigator, Ron Mack (Commodity Treatment Specialist); the USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection (APHIS), PPQ, Pest Survey, Detection and Exclusion Laboratory; Otis, ANGB, MA and other personal at APHIS facilities (Brighton. MI); Dr. Robert Hack, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station (East Lansing, MI); Ben Wilson (Technical Manager) PSC, Inc. A Litzler Company, (Cleveland, OH); Luzie Zaza (Engineer), Emitech SRL (Molfetta, Italy); Luca Bersa (Technical & Engineering Manager) Global Wood Service SA (Geneva, Switerland). The following governmental organizations have participated or supported this work: USDA, NSF, DOE. Dana Mears, Yang Hu, Jing Guo, Jin Gu, Lin Fang, Bradley Gething, Brett Diehl, Thomas Ruffing, Jesse Mowry have all participated as graduate students. Undergraduate student participants include Shauna Couch, Serena Wang, E. Fares, and N.S. Bergey. Mr. Ed Kaiser participated as a technician. TARGET AUDIENCES: Various product manufacturers and end-user groups are being served by the research. Targets include the scientific community-especially groups performing fundamental studies of the structure and response of lignocellulosic materials, including studies of biological diversity, durability, surface chemical composition, material recalcitrance thermomechanics, viscoelasticity, and biomaterial composite development. A wide segment of industry is another important target. This includes material producers, related chemical industries, conversion industries (for bioenergy/products) and the traditional wood and pulp and paper industries. Governmental organizations and policy makers are a target for the phytosanitary project. Students who are exposed to new research results through resident instruction are an important target. Secondary audiences include PSU alumni and visitors. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
In the area of biomedical products, a new tissue scaffold material has been developed which is useful for anisotropic tissue growth (patent pending). In the area of composites, a new paper composite material containing nothing but food additives has been developed which exhibits dramatically increased wet strength and water barrier properties (patent in preparation, in discussion with companies for licensing and further development). Furthermore, we are exploring a protein binder system for cellulose composites such as paper. This system is based on whole milk casein which binds to cellulose, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. Patents are being explored. Progress is being made on several items of fundamental interest. This includes the exploration of glass transitions of hemicellulosic sugars within plant cell walls, and also the identification of structural linkages between lignin and proteins within cell walls. We have also developed or improved infrared techniques for the assessment of lignocellulosic materials to enhance research on both fundamental studies of lignocellulosic structure and diversity, and practical work on nanocellulose-based composites. Research activities continue to progress studying viable applications of microwave (MW) and radio-frequency (RF) for the phytosanitation treatment of solid wood packaging material (SWPM). The research focus has significantly expanded to MW and RF sterilization treatment of firewood and sawlogs to circumvent restricted movement from quarantine zones (EAB infestation risks) to allow economic utilization of these forest products. A major step forward is the TPPT (Technical Panel of Phytosanitation Panel) has advanced a positive recommendation to the IPPC (International Plant Protection Committee) regarding 2.45 GHz microwave phytosanitation. This advances the MW protocol (62 degree centigrade and 1-minute hold time schedule) to the Standards Committee and subsequent UN country membership vote for passage (e.g. adoption of microwaves) as an approved phytosanitary control measure. This effort expands available treating options for SWPM processors with technology to maintain competitiveness for this important wood producer market.

Publications

  • Hu, Y. and J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Formation and characterization of sphere like bacterial cellulose particles produced by Acetobacter xylinum JCM 9730 strain. Biomacromol. 11(7):1727-1734.
  • Hu, Y. and J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Influence of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the production of bacterial cellulose biosynthesized by Acetobacter xylinum under the agitated culture. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 51:109-113.
  • Mohamed, N. A. M., H. D. Watts, J. Guo, J. M. Catchmark, and J. D. Kubicki. 2010. MP2, density functional theory, and molecular mechanical calculations of CH and hydrogen bond interactions in a cellulose-binding module-cellulose model system. Carb. Res. 345:1741-1751.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, and J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Invited. Advances in biofilm reactors for production of value-added products. 2010. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 87:445-456.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, and J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Enhanced pullulan production in a biofilm reactor by using response surface methodology. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37:587-594.
  • Verma, V., W. O. Hancock, and J. M. Catchmark. 2009. Nanoscale patterning of kinesin motor proteins and its role in guiding microtubule motility. Biomed. Microdevices 11(2):313-322.
  • Mears, D., J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Quantification of Casein and Cellulose Binding Affinity. 2010 ASABE Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, PA. June 20-23. Paper No. 1008882.
  • Guo, J., M. Tien, T. H. Kao, and J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Screening for cellulose nanowhiskers binding peptides by phage display. 2010 ASABE Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, PA. June 20-23. Paper No. 1009575.
  • Guo, J. and J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Thermodynamics of Family 1 Cellulose-Binding Modules from T. reesei Cel7A and Cel6A. 2010 ASABE Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, PA. June 20-23. Paper No. 1009577.
  • Fang, L. and J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Comparison of cellulose production of two different Gluconacetobacter xylinus strains using both glucose and galactose as carbon sources. 2010 ASABE Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, PA. June 20-23. Paper No. 1009531.
  • Gu, J., J. M. Catchmark, D. Archibald, and E. Q. Kaiser. 2010 Determination of Sulfate Esterification Levels in Cellulose Nanocrystals by Attenuated Total Reflectance - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. 2010 ASABE Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, PA. June 20-23. Paper No. 1000008.
  • Hu, Y. and J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Incorporation of cellulosic degrading enzymes into bacterial cellulose for controlled degradation in wound care applications. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Pittsburgh, PA. June 20-23. Paper No. 1008696.
  • Hu, Y. and J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Sphere-like bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum under agitated culture. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Pittsburgh, PA. June 20-23. Paper No. 1008697.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, J. M. Catchmark, and V. M. Puri. 2010. Modeling of pullulan fermentation by using a color variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Pittsburgh, PA. June 20-23. Paper No. 1008676.
  • Ruffing, T. M. 2010. Formaldehyde Emissions Regulations: Implications for the North American Interior Wood Composite Panel Resin Industry. M.S. Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 94 pp.
  • Fares, E., M. Goebel, and D. Archibald. 2010. Sample preparation techniques for infrared analysis of lignin in very small root specimens. In 2010 Undergraduate Exhibition Poster Sessions: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park. PA. April 7, 2010. p. 18.
  • Ruffing, T. C., P. M. Smith, and N. R. Brown. 2010. Resin Suppliers Perspectives on the Greening of the North American Interior Wood Composite Panel Market. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Wood Adhesives 2009. South Lake Tahoe, NV. Sept. 28-30. p. 8-10.
  • Ruffing, T. C., N. R. Brown, P. M. Smith, and W. Shi. 2010. CARB Formaldehyde Emission Standards: An International Perspective. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Wood Adhesives 2009. South Lake Tahoe, NV. Sept. 28-30. p. 30-34.
  • Iver, P., S. M. Geib, J. M. Catchmark, T. H. Kao, and M. Tien. 2010. Genome sequence of a cellulose-producing bacterium, Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769. J. Bacteriol. 192(16):4256-4257.
  • Cheng, K. C., J. M. Catchmark, and A. Demirci. 2010. Enhanced pullulan production in a biofilm reactor by using response surface methodology. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Pittsburgh, PA. June 20-23. Paper No. 1008675.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, J. M. Catchmark, and V. M. Puri. 2010. Modeling of bacterial growth, pullulan production and sucrose consumption during batch fermentation by Aureobasidium pullulans. J Food Eng. 98:353-359.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, and J. M. Catchmark. 2009. Effects of plastic composite support and pH profiles on pullulan production in a biofilm reactor. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 86:853-861.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, and J. M. Catchmark. 2009. Effects of plastic composite support and pH profiles on pullulan production in a biofilm reactor. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2332-x).
  • Cheng, K. C., J. M. Catchmark, and A. Demirci. 2009. Effect of different additives on bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum and analysis of material property. Cellulose 16:1033-1045.
  • Cheng, K., J. M. Catchmark, and A. Demirci. 2009. Enhanced production of bacterial cellulose production by using biofilm reactor and its material property analysis. J Biol. Eng. 3:12.
  • Ozeki, T., V. Verma, M. Uppalapati, Y. Suzuki, M. Nakamura, J. M. Catchmark, and W. O. Hancock. 2009. Casein modulates both the nature of kinesin binding to surfaces and the activity of surface-immobilized kinesin, Biophys. J. 96(8):3305-3318.
  • Cheng, K. C., A. Demirci, and J. M. Catchmark. 2010. Effects of plastic composite support and pH profiles on pullulan production in a biofilm reactor. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Pittsburgh, PA. June 20-23. Paper No. 1008674.