Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: We identified influenza A viruses that transmit readily between turkeys and swine (TK04) and others that do not transmit between the species (SW03). In an attempt to define the molecular basis for interspecies transmission, we utilized the 12-plasmid reverse genetics (RG) system to switch the HA and NA genes between the two above viruses. We cued 4 viruses that were tested for interspecies transmission potential and replication in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that the RG created TK04 replicated more efficiently than the SW03. Of note, the created SW03 virus with the TK04 HA gene, gained the ability to replicate in turkeys although less efficiently. These findings indicated that the HA protein is essential for virus transmission, but it is not the sole player contributing to the efficient replication in pigs and turkeys. The results also highlight the polygenic nature of influenza virus pathogenesis. Based on newly-developed statistical methods, the probability of a field in Ohio having at least one stem-rust infection was estimated to be between 0.02 and 0.03 when no infections were observed. In contrast, Fusarium head blight prevalence was 67% and 95% at the site scale in 2009 and 2010, respectively; at the field scale, prevalence was 95% and 100% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. PARTICIPANTS: Veterinarians, Ohio Dept of Health, animal health agencies TARGET AUDIENCES: State and federal public health agencies, animal health agencies, researchers, and producers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Delineating the molecular basis of interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses is an important step for understanding the pathogenesis of the virus and for control of the infection. The plant research aims at integrating survey methods for plant diseases with meta-analysis and decision theory to estimate the risks of disease introductions and the risks of yield reduction.
Publications
- Paul, P. A., Hershman, D. E., McMullen, M. P., and Madden, L. V. 2010. Meta-analysis of the effects of triazole-based fungicides on wheat yield and test weight as influenced by Fusarium head blight intensity. Phytopathology 100: 160-171.
- Kriss, A. B., Paul, P. A., and Madden, L. V. 2010. Relationship between yearly fluctuations in Fusarium head blight intensity and environmental variables: A window-pane analysis. Phytopathology 100: 784-797.
- Madden, L. V., and Paul, P. A. 2010. An assessment of mixed-modeling approaches for characterizing profiles of time-varying response and predictor variables. Phytopathology 100: 1015-1029.
- Yassine, H., C.W. Lee, R. Gourapura and Y.M. Saif. 2010. Interspecies and intraspecies transmission of influenza viruses: viral, host and environmental factors. Animal Health Research Review 11:53-72, 2010.
- Yassine, H., M. Khatri, C.W. Lee, and Y.M. Saif: Characterization of an H3N2 triple reassortant influenza virus with mutation at the receptor binding domain (Asp190Ala) that occurred upon virus transmission from turkeys to pigs. Virol J. 7:258, 2010.
- Yassine, H.M., M. Khatri, C.W. Lee and Y.M. Saif: Potential role of viral surface glycoproteins in the replication of H3N2 triple reassortant influenza A viruses in swine and turkeys. Vet Microbiol. Sep 16, 2010. [Epub ahead of print].
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