Progress 07/01/09 to 06/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The U.S. general public will be the immediate beneficiary of the investigation by using environmental-friendly and better-performance commodity products made from the soybean oil resins, which creates less pollution and have fewer harmful environmental impacts. The U.S. farmers will benefit from this study by growing raw materials, because agriculture plant oils, like soybean, are the feedstocks for the bionanocomposites. Besides, rural communities could benefit from the employment and business opportunities that would result from production of those products. In addition, the findings from this project will advance the plant oil based polymer knowledge base and stimulate future developments within the biobased polymeric materials industry. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The goal of this proposal is to convert soybean oil into latex for pressure sensitive adhesive applications. We presented our key findings at "The 22th Bioenvironmental Polymer Society Annual meeting" held in Kansas City MO Oct. 2014, and Pressure-Sensitive Tape Council Tape Summit 2014, April 28-May 2, 2014, poster presentation, Nashville, TN. We published two manuscripts in Journal of American Oil Chemistry Society. Outcomes We have optimized and simplified the procedures to synthesize dihydroxylated soybean oil (DSO). We studied how the solvent ratio, catalyst content, time, and temperature affect the reaction. The optimized conditions were identified. The usages of solvent, water, and catalyst and reaction time were significantly reduced compared with old method. We have developed necessary lab set-ups and work-up procedures to synthesize DSOs at much larger scale. We have been able synthesize DSO at ~500-1000g per batch. We have characterized the DSO for rheological and thermal behaviors and PSA performance. The DSO was found to possess the following physical characteristics: hydroxyl value of 100-300 mg KOH/g, water content of about 0.1 %, acid value < 1 mg KOH/g, viscosity of 2,000-45,000 cP, molecular weight > 1000 g/mol, glass transition temperature < -20 °C, melting temperature < 18 °C, and thermal decomposition temperature of about 400 °C. The PSA possess a peel strength of 1-6 N/inch, tack strength of 1-7 N/inch2, and peel value of >10000 mins. We studied DSO shelf life by evaluating viscosity, thermal properties, and PSA performance and found that DSO was stable for at least 6 months; We found that PSA from DSO should be less expensive comparing with acrylics PSA; Furthermore, we conducted research to synthesize DSOs of various hydroxyl values (OHV) and evaluated their physical properties and PSA performances. We found that OHVs could be controlled by adjusting either reaction time, solvent to ESO ratio, or catalysts ratio. We found that PSA performance was closely related to the OHV of DSO and DSO/ESO ratio; We also identified some potential approaches to increase the molecular weight of DSO polyols, which still needs further investigation. The molecular weight increasing of DSO is expected to benefit the PSA performance. We prepared two manuscripts. Overall, we have successfully completed all the objectives as listed on the Year 1 proposal and achieved some extra accomplishments.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Yonghui Li, Donghai Wang, Xiuzhi Susan Sun. 2014. Oxirane cleavage kinetics of epoxidized soybean oil by water and UV?polymerized resin adhesion properties. J Am Oil Chem Soc, DOI 10.1007/s11746-014-2564-5
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Yonghui Li, Xiuzhi Susan Sun. 2014. Di-hydroxylated soybean oil polyols with varied hydroxyl values and their influence on UV-curable pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Am Oil Chem Soc, DOI 10.1007/s11746-014-2474-6.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Cong Li, Jonggeun Sung, Xiuzhi Susan Sun. 2014. Flexibility improvement of soybean oil based coatings. 2014 Bio-environmental Polymer Society Annual Meeting. October 14-17, poster presentation, Kansas City, MO.
Jonggeun Sung, Yonghui Li, Xiuzhi Susan Sun. 2014. Soybean oil based resin for transparent flexible coating applications. Bio-environmental Polymer Society Annual Meeting. 2014 October 14-17. Oral presentation. Kansas City, MO.
Yonghui Li, Xiuzhi Susan Sun. Pressure-sensitive adhesives from vegetable oils. Pressure-Sensitive Tape Council Tape Summit 2014, April 28-May 2, 2014, poster presentation, Nashville, TN.
Yonghui Li, Xiuzhi Susan Sun. 2014. Synthesis of soybean oil polyols and pressure-sensitive adhesive applications. 2014 Bio-environmental Polymer Society Annual Meeting. October 14-17. Oral presentation. Kansas City, MO.
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Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: The U.S. general public will be the immediate beneficiary of the investigation by using environmental-friendly and better-performance commodity products made from the soybean oil resins, which creates less pollution and have fewer harmful environmental impacts. The U.S. farmers will benefit from this study by growing raw materials, because agriculture plant oils, like soybean, are the feedstocks for the bionanocomposites. Besides, rural communities could benefit from the employment and business opportunities that would result from production of those products. In addition, the findings from this project will advance the plant oil based polymer knowledge base and stimulate future developments within the biobased polymeric materials industry. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Outputs The goal of this proposal is to convert soybean oil into latex for pressure sensitive adhesive applications. We presented our key findings at “The 21th Bioenvironmental Polymer Society Annual meeting” held in Coventry, UK Sep 2013, and American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers in Kanas City KS in July 2013. We published three manuscripts in Journal of Adhesion, Polymer International, and J of American Oil Chemistry Society. Outcomes / Impacts Industries are seeking biobased resins for pressure sensitive adhesive. Over decades, commercializing soybean oil polymer has been struggling because fundamental chemical reaction and structural study was lack. The most important achievement in the past three months is to generate deep chemical mechanisms of the soybean oil polymerization. We have designed the chemistry pathways. NMR and FTIR spectrum techniques were applied to characterized the samples. We have identified the back-bone structure of the soy oil polymers by using 1 dimensional and 2 dimensional COSY NMR techniques. This identification is extremely important to synthesize and control the quality and performance of soybean oil based polymers. Based on our characterization, one catalyst was identified to provide the best reactive results. The optimum formula was also identified. Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were synthesized in a few minutes in-situ and cured on the film in a few seconds manner to produce a tape. This soybean oil based PSA had comparable peel strength and shelf life obtained with reducing the amount of catalyst to be consumed during polymerization; this concept was achieved by quantitative integration study of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Ahn, B. Kollbe, Jonggeun Sung, Nassim Rahmani, George Wang, Namhoon Kim, Kevin Lease, and Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2013, UV-curable, high-shear pressure-sensitive adhesives derived from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil. J. Adhesion, 89: 1-16.
Ahn, B. Kollbe, Jonggeun Sung, Namhoon Kim, Stefan Kraft, and Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2012, UV-curable pressure-sensitive adhesives derived from functionalized soybean oils and rosin ester, Polymer International, DOI: 10.1002/pi.4420.
Ahn, Byung-Jun; Kraft, Stefan; Sun, Xiuzhi, 2012, Solvent-free acid-catalyzed ring opening of epoxidized oleochemicals using stearates/stearic acid, and its applications, J Agriculture and Food Chemistry 60:2179-2189
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Jonggeun Sung, Yonghui Li , Xiuzhi Susan Sun. soybean oil based resin for transparent flexible coatings in food packaging. 2013 ASABE International Meeting, July 21-24, 2013, oral presentation (Paper No. 131620877) Kansas City, MO.
Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Kollbe Ahn, Yonghui Li, Jonggeun Suang, 2013, Biobased resin from plant oils for transparent tapes and coatings, 21st Bioenvironmental Polymers Society Annual meeting, Sep 18-20, 2013, University of Warwick, UK
Jonggeun Sung, Yonghui Li, X. Susan Sun, 2013, Soybean oil based resin for transparent flexible coatings in food packaging"-poster, Farmers Day, July 9, MSU, Lewis Town, MT, and USDA BRDI Camelina Project 1st Annual Conference, July 8-9, Lewis Town, MT,
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: For the past year, we continue investigating reinforcement of biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with inorganic nanoparticles for bionanocomposites and their processing-structure-property relationships. We presented our key findings at The 20th Bioenvironmental Polymer Society Annual meeting held in Denton Taxas in Sep 2012. We published three manuscripts in Journal of Applied Polymer Science, and Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. We received additional funds from National Sorghum Producer Board to develop bionanocomposites using sorghum carbohydrates. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Xiuzhi (Susan) Sun, University Distinguished Professor of Grain Science and Industry, KSU. Mr. Yonghui Li, PhD student in Grain Science and Industry, KSU. Dr. Jun Li, Professor of Chemistry, KSU. Dr. Caihong Chen, visiting scholar of Chemistry, KSU. TARGET AUDIENCES: The U.S. general public will be the immediate beneficiary of the investigation by using environmental-friendly and better-performance commodity products made from the PLA bionanocomposites, which creates less pollution and have fewer harmful environmental impacts. The U.S. farmers will benefit from this study by growing raw materials, because agriculture carbohydrate products, like corn, sugarcane, cellulosic materials, are the feedstocks for the bionanocomposites. Besides, rural communities could benefit from the employment and business opportunities that would result from production of those products. In addition, the findings from this project will advance the polymer nanocomposites knowledge base and stimulate future developments within the biobased polymeric materials industry. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Biodegradable polymers derived from renewable resources are increasingly important due to acute concerns about the environmental issues and limited petroleum resources. PLA is such a polymer that has shown great potential to produce biodegradable plastics. However, PLA's thermal stability and mechanical properties are still key factors limiting its broader applications. We found that the structure, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties, and processing characteristics of PLA are greatly affected by the incorporation of low amount inorganic nanoparticles, including magnesium oxide (MgO) nanocrystals and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanowires. The PLA bionanocomposites exhibited enhanced thermal-mechanical properties compared with pure PLA. PLA bionanocomposites were synthesized through two approaches: (1) in situ polymerization of lactic acid and hydroxylated nanoparticles; and (2) thermal compounding of commercial PLA and hydrophobically modified nanoparticles. Covalent bonding and hydrogen bonding were formed in the bionanocomposites ascribed to the functional groups attached to lactic acid molecules, PLA chain, and nanoparticles surface. Thermal glass transition temperature of PLA was improved by 7˚C, and thermal stability of PLA was improved by 260 ˚C. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of PLA were increased by 14% and 26%, respectively. In 2012, particularly, we compounded low cost materials from food and corn ethanol processing into the newly developed bionanocomposites in 2011 to reduce overall raw materials costs. Research are in progress.
Publications
- Li, Yonghui, X. Susan Sun, 2012, Synthesis and properties of poly(lactic acid) bionanocomposites, 20th Annual Symposium, Building Toward a Sustainable Future, Bioenvironmental Polymer Society, Denton, TX, Sep 18-21, 2012
- Li, Yonghui, Caihong Chen, Jun Li, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2012, Isothermal Crystallization and Melting Behaviors of Bionanocomposites from Poly(lactic acid) and TiO2 Nanowires, J of Applied Polymer Science, 124:2968-2977
- Li, Yonghui, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2011. Mechanical and thermal properties of biocomposites from poly(lactic acid) and DDGS Blends, J. of Applied Polymer Science, 121: 589-597
- Li, Yonghui, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2011, Nanocomposites of poly(lactic acid) and surface grafted MgO nanoparticles: preparation and characterization, J. Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 5:452-459.
- Li, Yonghui, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2012, Thermal and mechanical properties of soybean oils plasticized poly(lactic acid), 20th Annual Symposium, Building Toward a Sustainable Future, Bioenvironmental Polymer Society, Denton, TX, Poster presentation, Sep 18-21, 2012
- Li, Yonghui, X. Susna Sun, 2012, Controlling photodegradability/photostability of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites using different TiO2 nanofillers, 20th Annual Symposium, Building Toward a Sustainable Future, Bioenvironmental Polymer Society, Denton, TX, Sep 18-21, 2012
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: For the past year, we focused on investigating reinforcement of biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with inorganic nanoparticles for bionanocomposites and their processing-structure-property relationships. We presented our key findings at The Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research (CPBR) Annual Symposium held in Washington D.C. in March. We published three manuscripts in Polymer, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, and Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Xiuzhi (Susan) Sun, University Distinguished Professor of Grain Science and Industry, KSU. Mr. Yonghui Li, PhD student in Grain Science and Industry, KSU. Dr. Jun Li, Professor of Chemistry, KSU. Dr. Caihong Chen, visiting scholar of Chemistry, KSU. TARGET AUDIENCES: The U.S. general public will be the immediate beneficiary of the investigation by using environmental-friendly and better-performance commodity products made from the PLA bionanocomposites, which creates less pollution and have fewer harmful environmental impacts. The U.S. farmers will benefit from this study by growing raw materials, because agriculture carbohydrate products, like corn, sugarcane, cellulosic materials, are the feedstocks for the bionanocomposites. Besides, rural communities could benefit from the employment and business opportunities that would result from production of those products. In addition, the findings from this project will advance the polymer nanocomposites knowledge base and stimulate future developments within the biobased polymeric materials industry. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Biodegradable polymers derived from renewable resources are increasingly important due to acute concerns about the environmental issues and limited petroleum resources. PLA is such a polymer that has shown great potential to produce biodegradable plastics. However, PLA's thermal stability and mechanical properties are still key factors limiting its broader applications. We found that the structure, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties, and processing characteristics of PLA are greatly affected by the incorporation of low amount inorganic nanoparticles, including magnesium oxide (MgO) nanocrystals and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanowires. The PLA bionanocomposites exhibited enhanced thermal-mechanical properties compared with pure PLA. PLA bionanocomposites were synthesized through two approaches: (1) in situ polymerization of lactic acid and hydroxylated nanoparticles; and (2) thermal compounding of commercial PLA and hydrophobically modified nanoparticles. Covalent bonding and hydrogen bonding were formed in the bionanocomposites ascribed to the functional groups attached to lactic acid molecules, PLA chain, and nanoparticles surface. Thermal glass transition temperature of PLA was improved by 7 degrees C, and thermal stability of PLA was improved by 260 degrees C. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of PLA were increased by 14% and 26%, respectively.
Publications
- Yonghui Li, Caihong Chen, Jun Li, and Xiuzhi Susan Sun. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of bionanocomposites of ploy(lactic acid) and TiO2 nanowires by in situ polymerization. Polymer, 52, 2367-2375.
- Yonghui Li, Caihong Chen, Jun Li, and Xiuzhi Susan Sun. 2011. Isothermal crystallization and melting behaviors of bionanocomposites from ploy(lactic Acid) and TiO2 nanowires. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, doi: 10.1002/app.35326.
- Yonghui Li, and Xiuzhi Susan Sun. 2011. Nanocomposites of PLA and surface grafted MgO: preparation and characterization. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, doi:10.1166/jbmb.2011.1181.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: For the past year, the investigation was focused on the synthesis of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based bio-nanocomposites from lactic acid and inorganic nanoparticles, including MgO nanocrystals and TiO2 nanowires. The structure, molecular weight, morphology, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The investigation was also focused on protein peptides and the compatibility of soy protein isolate (SPI), soy flour (SF), and wood flour (WF) with poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and the influence of modifier sodium bisulfite and coupling agent methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and morphology of these biocomposites. The research activity and results from this project were presented at six international conferences. Six manuscripts based on the results were published. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Xiuzhi (Susan) Sun, Professor of Grain Science and Industry at KSU. Mr. Yonghui Li, PhD student, Grain Science and Industry at KSU. Dr. Caihong Chen, visiting scholar, Chemistry Department at KSU. Dr. Jun Li, Professor of Chemistry Department at KSU. TARGET AUDIENCES: U.S. is the world's largest corn producer. U.S. corn growers will benefit from this study because the corn-based lactic acid is the main starting material of the PLA nanocomposites. The general public will benefit from this study, because the PLA nanocomposites are biodegradable and environmentally friendly, as well as showing improved properties. In addition, the findings from this project will advance the bio-nanocomposites knowledge base and stimulate future developments within the biobased plastic materials industry. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No modification to this project at this time.
Impacts
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), derived from renewable sugar based resources, has shown great potential as a biodegradable plastic. However, the low glass transition temperature around 60 degrees C and slow biodegradation rate have severely limited its broad applications. Bio-nanocomposites from PLA and inorganic nanoparticles are of great interest for emerging materials due to their unique combination of properties and enhanced physical, thermal, mechanical, and degradation characteristics. The two challenges of synthesizing PLA based nanocomposites with targeted properties are the difficulties in achieving nanoscale homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial interaction between nanoparticles and polymer matrix. In this project, the nanoscale dispersion of MgO nanocrystals and TiO2 nanowires in the PLA nanocomposites was achieved via in situ melt polycondensation of lactic acid with MgO and TiO2, and specific interfacial interactions were obtained through covalent bonding between carboxyl groups from lactic acid and hydroxyl groups from inorganic nanoparticle surfaces. Significantly increased molecular weight was observed for nanocomposites with 0.01% MgO nanocrystals and 2% TiO2 nanowires, respectively, compared with that of pure PLA. FTIR spectra showed that PLA chains were successfully grafted onto nanoparticle surfaces. Formation of hydrogen bonding between PLA chains and surface hydroxyl groups from MgO was also detected by FTIR. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) results showed that strong interfacial interaction and homogeneous distribution were achieved between inorganic nanoparticles and organic PLA matrix in the bulk nanocomposites. Bulk nanocomposites with TiO2 nanowires exhibited elevated glass transition temperature and decreased crystallization ability as the TiO2 nanowire concentrations were increased from 0 to 2%. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that PLA nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal stability compared with pure PLA. Calculations based on TGA results revealed that more than 42.5% PLA chains was successfully grafted onto MgO nanocrystals and more than 30% PLA chains were grafted onto TiO2 nanowire surface. One of the most important research concepts in this project is to improve the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA. By grafting PLA chains onto TiO2 nanowire surface, we observed a 7 degrees C increment of Tg, which is a significant progress.
Publications
- Hongzhou Huang and Xiuzhi S. Sun. 2010, Rational design of responsive self-assembling peptides from native protein sequences, Biomacromolecules 11(12):3390-3394.
- Shera, Jeanne, Daisuke Takahashi, Alvaro I. Herrera, Om Prakash, and Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2010, Morphology and structural properties of pH-responsive amphiphilic peptides, J Nanoseci Nanotechnol. 10(12):7981-9-7987.
- Li, Yonghui, Karthik venkateshan, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2010, Mechanical and Thermal Properties, Morphology, and Relaxation Characteristics of Poly (lactic acid) and Soy Flour/Wood Flour Blends, Polymer International, 59(8), 1099-1109.
- Li, Yonghui, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2010, Preparation and Characterization of Polymer-Inorganic Nanocomposites by in situ Melt Polycondensation of L-lactic acid and Surface-Hydroxylated MgO, Biomacromolecules, 11(7), 1847-1855.
- Qi, G. Y. and X. S. Sun, 2010, Peel Adhesion Properties of Modified Soy Protein Adhesive on Glass Panel. Journal of Industrial Crops and Products 32, (3), 208-212.
- Zhang, Lu, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2010, Sodium bisulfite-induced changes in physicochemical, surface and adhesive properties of soy β-conglycinin, J of AOCS.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: For the past year, the investigation was focused on the compatibility of soy protein isolate (SPI), soy flour (SF), and wood flour (WF) with poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and the influence of modifier sodium bisulfite and coupling agent methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and morphology of these biocomposites. Flowability of PLA was also investigated and improved with nano particles. Three manuscripts based on the results were published in Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, Polymer International, and Journal of Applied Polymer Science. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Xiuzhi (Susan) Sun, Professor of Grain Science and Industry. Ms.Kun Fang, exchange student in Grain Science and Industry at KSU, Dr. Bioabing Wang, Postdoc Research associate, in Grain Science and Industry at KSU, Mr. Yonghui Li, PhD student in Grain Science and Industry at KSU, Dr. Karthik Venkateshan, Postdoc Research associate, in Grain Science and Industry at KSU. TARGET AUDIENCES: U.S. soybean growers will be the immediate beneficiaries of the investigation by finding new applications of soy meal in a market dominated by petroleum-based plastics. The United States is the world's largest soybean producer, producing almost half of the world soybean production. SM or SF, the residual from oil crushing, is abundantly available and is mainly used for low-value animal feeds. U.S. corn growers will also benefit from this study because the corn-based PLA is used in the blends. The general public will benefit from the results, because biocomposites are environmentally friendly and energy efficient. In addition, the findings from this project will advance the bioplastics knowledge base and stimulate future developments within the biobased plastic materials industry. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The compatibility between biobased polymeric protein and cellulosic fibers and PLA greatly affects the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and morphology of PLA based biocomposites. Pure PLA had a tensile strength of about 64.6 MPa, but will be reduced by 50% after incorporating SPI, SF, and or WF. With the addition of 0.5% sodium bisulfite (based on the total blend) as modifier during the melt mixing of SPI, SF, WF and PLA, respectively, the tensile strength was increased up to 80%. Soy protein molecular is globular and has intramolecular disulfide bonding, which is a disadvantage for plastic material, since it lacks intermolecular interaction and chain entanglements. The cleavage of disulfide bond and unfolding of soy protein molecules by sodium bisulfite exposes some hydrophobic groups and also increases the flexibility. With the addition of both sodium bisulfite and MDI at low concentration into composite system, the tensile strength was further increased by another 20%, and the blend displayed more uniform morphology. Block or graft copolymers of PLA and sodium bisulfite unfolded SPI were formed through urethane linkages in the presence of reactive MDI. Those copolymers carrying the neighboring SPI chains readily diffused into the PLA matrix, which resulted in a thicker interface between SPI and PLA, and the concentration of gradient of each component at the interface decreased. PLA become viscous at melting temperature, which was significantly improved by incorporating less than 1% of MgO nano particles. One of the most important research concepts in this project is to improve the compatibility of biobased polymeric materials with PLA composites, respectively. Results showed that addition of sodium bisulfite as reducing agent and MDI as coupling agent in the PLA biocomposites are effective ways. The reduced viscosity of PLA at melt will improve processibility of PLA composites.
Publications
- Kun, Fang, Biaobing Wang, Kuichuan Sheng, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, 2009, Properties and Morphology of Poly(lactic acid) / Soy Protein Isolate Blends, J of Applied Polymer Science 114(2), 754-759.
- Biaobing Wang, Xiuzhi Susan Sun，and Kenneth Klabunde, 2009. Poly(lactic acid)/multi-hydroxyl magnesium oxide nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding, J. Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 3: 130-138.
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