Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Of the 73 proposals received in 2009, 38 were awarded partial or full funding. Of the 38, 14 were new and 24 were continuing projects. The Principal Investigators represented Agricultural Experiment Stations in nine states (Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Virginia, Minnesota and Iowa). Overall, funded research and extension programs carried out at land grant universities will benefit viticulture in 15 states. A total of $660,000 was available to fund proposals with requests totaling $1,839,327. Viticulture Consortium-East- funded research was presented to a wide variety of audiences, including, among many others: Ohio Winegrape Grower's Fall Meeting, Wooster, OH - 6 Nov 2009 - "New Wine Grape Varieties and Promising Selections from the NY Breeding Program" (Bruce Reisch); New England Vegetable and Berry Conference - 17 Dec 2009 - "Wine and Table Grape Varieties for New England". Vineyard mechanization. Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers Annual Meeting. Kennewick, WA, February 4; Bergmeier, E. 2010 "Impact of Mechanical Pruning and Shoot Thinning on Chardonel and Chambourcin Grapevines." (presentation on vineyard tour) 2010 Viticulture Field Day, Hermann, MO, June 8. Striegler K. 2010. "Mechanization of Vineyard Operations with Emphasis on Crop Control". Workshop on Recent Achievements in Viticulture Research and Vineyard Management Practices, Traverse City, MI, November 12; Striegler, K. 2011. Vineyard Mechanization for Improved Wine Quality. Indiana Horticultural Congress and Trade Show, Indianapolis, IN, January 19; Striegler, K. 2011. Mechanization in the Vineyard. Texas Wine and Grape Growers Association Grape Camp. TX, November 7; Viticulture 2010. Rochester, NY. 17 February 2010. PARTICIPANTS: Despite the elimination of federal funding for VC-E in 2010, industry organizations and states continue to support viticulture research with public and private dollars. This funding is generated in various ways; its availability is uncertain from year to year; and overall support is inadequate to meet the industry's research needs. Examples: The Ohio Grape Industries Committee (OGIC) was established to create viable, income-producing grape enterprises in the state of Ohio by providing research to improve the quality of grapes and profitability of grape growing as an agri-business. Funds for research and promotion are generated by excise taxes on gallons of wine sold. Starting in 2011, the New York State Wine Grape Growers, the New York Wine and Grape Foundation and the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program, Inc. initiated a process with New York's Department of Agriculture and Markets to establish a statewide 'Research and Development Order' that would provide a continuing funding source for viticulture research in New York. A Letter of Agreement between Penn State and the PA Wine Marketing and Research Program has been signed that will allow for the creation of a tenure-track viticulture faculty research position in the Plant Sciences Department in the College of Agricultural Sciences TARGET AUDIENCES: : The eastern component of the National Viticulture Consortium is dedicated to support the eastern viticulture and grape industry through coordinated research projects that address critical needs in the region. The objective of these projects is to improve the competitiveness of the grape industry and generate higher quality grape products for consumers. Research results are disseminated to growers via publications, grower meetings and internet web sites. The American Society for Enology and Viticulture-Eastern Section is an important mechanism for sharing research results among PIs and Cooperative Extension grape specialists. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
A sampling of 2009 VC-E outcomes and impacts gleaned from project reports: We have identified several key compounds in wild grape species that contribute to undesirable herbaceous off-aromas in these grapes and resulting wines. This work will facilitate the development of genetic markers for off aromas in grapes used by grape breeders. In the long term, we expect this work to expedite the process of breeding new grape cultivars that have good growing properties, i.e. cold hardiness and disease hardiness, while still possessing good flavor. Three new wine grapes, Noiret , Corot noir and Valvin Muscat , were released in July 2006. Varietal wines of all three are already being marketed, and demand for these new grapes is running high. Prior releases such as Cayuga White' (1972), Chardonel (1991), Traminette (1996) and GR 7 (2003) have gained widespread acceptance and account for many millions of dollars of wine production annually in New York and in other eastern states. New selections are under consideration for naming in the next few years.
Publications
- No new publications to report. Most projects were completed in 2011. Funding eliminated in 2010.
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Progress 09/01/10 to 08/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Of the 73 proposals received in 2009, 38 were awarded partial or full funding. Of the 38, 14 were new and 24 were continuing projects. The Principal Investigators represented Agricultural Experiment Stations in nine states (Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Virginia, Minnesota and Iowa). Overall, funded research and extension programs carried out at land grant universities will benefit viticulture in 15 states. A total of $660,000 was available to fund proposals with requests totaling $1,839,327. Viticulture Consortium-East- funded research was presented to a wide variety of audiences, including, among many others: Ohio Winegrape Grower's Fall Meeting, Wooster, OH - 6 Nov 2009 - "New Wine Grape Varieties and Promising Selections from the NY Breeding Program" (Bruce Reisch); New England Vegetable and Berry Conference - 17 Dec 2009 - "Wine and Table Grape Varieties for New England". Vineyard mechanization. Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers Annual Meeting. Kennewick, WA, February 4; Bergmeier, E. 2010 "Impact of Mechanical Pruning and Shoot Thinning on Chardonel and Chambourcin Grapevines." (presentation on vineyard tour) 2010 Viticulture Field Day, Hermann, MO, June 8. Striegler K. 2010. "Mechanization of Vineyard Operations with Emphasis on Crop Control". Workshop on Recent Achievements in Viticulture Research and Vineyard Management Practices, Traverse City, MI, November 12; Striegler, K. 2011. Vineyard Mechanization for Improved Wine Quality. Indiana Horticultural Congress and Trade Show, Indianapolis, IN, January 19; Striegler, K. 2011. Mechanization in the Vineyard. Texas Wine and Grape Growers Association Grape Camp. TX, November 7; Viticulture 2010. Rochester, NY. 17 February, 2010. PARTICIPANTS: A number of industry organizations and VC-E member states supplement federal funding with state and private sector dollars for viticulture research. For example, the Ohio Grape Industry Council uses $700,000 annually from excise taxes on wines sold in Ohio to pay the salary of the state viticulturist and fund research and promotion projects. The Virginia Wine Board receives funding from the Virginia Wine Promotion Fund and dispenses it for wine-related projects and initiatives, including $182,000 in 2009-10 for eight viticulture and enology research projects. In August 2010, the Missouri state legislature established the Wine Marketing and Research Council to administer funds for promotion and research from the state's wine marketing and research development fund. Michigan, North Carolina, and Kentucky also supplement VC-E efforts by targeting financial support in various ways to viticulture and enology research programs. Despite significant reductions in state support, all VC-E proposals from New York are considered for funding from the New York Wine and Grape Foundation, as well as the Dyson Fund, the Long Island Grape Growers, National Grape Cooperative and the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program. TARGET AUDIENCES: The eastern component of the National Viticulture Consortium is dedicated to support the eastern viticulture and grape industry through coordinated research projects that address critical needs in the region. The objective of these projects is to improve the competitiveness of the grape industry and generate higher quality grape products for consumers. Research results are disseminated to growers via publications, grower meetings and internet web sites. The American Society for Enology and Viticulture-Eastern Section is an important mechanism for sharing research results among PIs and Cooperative Extension grape specialists PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
A sampling of 2009 VC-E outcomes and impacts gleaned from project reports. We have identified several key compounds in wild grape species that contribute to undesirable. herbaceous off-aromas in these grapes and resulting wines. This work will facilitate the development of genetic markers for off aromas in grapes used by grape breeders. In the long term, we expect this work to expedite the process of breeding new grape cultivars that have good growing properties, i.e. cold hardiness and disease hardiness, while still possessing good flavor. Three new wine grapes, `Noiret', `Corot noir' and `Valvin Muscat', were released in July 2006. Varietal wines of all three are already being marketed, and demand for these new grapes is running high. Prior releases such as Cayuga White' (1972), `Chardonel' (1991), `Traminette' (1996) and `GR 7' (2003) have gained widespread acceptance and account for many millions of dollars of wine production annually in New York and in other eastern states. New selections are under consideration for naming in the next few years.
Publications
- Bergmeier,E. and K.Striegler. 2011. Preparations for Successful Vineyard Mechanization. University of Missouri Extension Publication WG3001. 8 pp http://extension.missouri.edu/explorepdf/winegrape/wg3001.pdf
- Berg G. and Striegler, K. 2011. Economics of Balanced Cropping with the Oxbo System - A Case Study. In Vineyard Mechanization: Development and Status in the US and in Major Grape Growing Regions of the World. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA. Cadle-Davidson, L., Wakefield, L., Seem, R.C., and Gadoury, D.M. 2010. Specific isolation of RNA from the grape powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe necator, an epiphytic, obligate parasite. Journal of Phytopathology 158:69-71.
- Cadle-Davidson, L., Mahanil, S., Gadoury, D.M., Kozma, P., and Reisch, B.I. 2011. Natural infection of Run1-positive vines by naive genotypes of Erysiphe necator. Vitis 50:173-175
- Frenkel, O., Portillo, I., Brewer, M.T., Peros, J.-P., Cadle-Davidson, L. and Milgroom, M.G. 2011. Development of microsatellite markers from the transcriptome of Erysiphe necator for analyzing population structure in North America and Europe. Plant Pathology, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02502.x.
- Fuchs, M., Loeb, G.M. Martinson, T.E. and Hoch, H.C. 2009. Diversity of ampeloviruses in mealybug and soft scale vectors and in grapevine hosts from leafroll-affected vineyards. Phytopathology 99:1177-1184.
- Landers, A.J. and Muise, B. (2010) The development of an automatic canopy sprayer for fruit crops. In: Aspects of Applied Biology 99. International advances in pesticide application. pp. 29-34
- Sun Q, Gates MJ, Lavin EH, Acree TE, Sacks GL. Comparison of odor-active compounds in grapes and wines from Vitis vinifera and non-foxy American grape species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2011; 59(19):10657-64.
- Fuchs, M., Martinson, T.E., Loeb, G.M. and Hoch, H.C. 2009. Survey for the three major leafroll disease-associated viruses in Finger Lakes vineyards in New York. Plant Disease 93:395-401.
- Landers, A.J. (2010) Blowing the cobwebs off spray drift research. Resource - engineering and technology for a sustainable world. July/Aug pp. 19-21
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Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Of the 73 proposals received in 2009, 38 were awarded partial or full funding. Of the 38, 14 were new and 24 were continuing projects. The Principal Investigators represented Agricultural Experiment Stations in nine states (Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Virginia, Minnesota and Iowa). Overall, funded research and extension programs carried out at land grant universities will benefit viticulture in 15 states. A total of $660,000 was available to fund proposals with requests totaling $1,839,327. Viticulture Consortium-East- funded research was presented to a wide variety of audiences, including, among many others: The 2010 American Society for Enology and Viticulture, Eastern Section, at Hobart & William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY; the 2010 Symposium on Advances in Vineyard Pest Management for Midwestern Vineyards, Osage Beach, Missouri; NY Wine Industry Workshop in 2009, Wineries Unlimited 2009, Recent Advances in Viticulture at the Kliewer Symposium in Davis, Viticulture 2010 Conference in Rochester, NY; Winter Symposium of the Minnesota Grape Growers Association (MGGA) in January 2009, and the MGGA Cold Climate Grape and Wine Conference. PARTICIPANTS: A number of industry organizations and VC-E member states supplement federal funding with state and private sector dollars for viticulture research. For example, the Ohio Grape Industry Council uses $700,000 annually from excise taxes on wines sold in Ohio to pay the salary of the state viticulturist and fund research and promotion projects. The Virginia Wine Board receives funding from the Virginia Wine Promotion Fund and dispenses it for wine-related projects and initiatives, including $182,000 in 2009-10 for eight viticulture and enology research projects. In August 2010, the Missouri state legislature established the Wine Marketing and Research Council to administer funds for promotion and research from the state's wine marketing and research development fund. Michigan, North Carolina, and Kentucky also supplement VC-E efforts by targeting financial support in various ways to viticulture and enology research programs. Despite significant reductions in state support, all VC-E proposals from New York are considered for funding from the New York Wine and Grape Foundation, as well as the Dyson Fund, the Long Island Grape Growers, National Grape Cooperative and the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program. TARGET AUDIENCES: The eastern component of the National Viticulture Consortium is dedicated to support the eastern viticulture and grape industry through coordinated research projects that address critical needs in the region. The objective of these projects is to improve the competitiveness of the grape industry and generate higher quality grape products for consumers. Research results are disseminated to growers via publications, grower meetings and internet web sites. The American Society for Enology and Viticulture-Eastern Section is an important mechanism for sharing research results among PIs and Cooperative Extension grape specialists. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
A sampling of 2009 VC-E outcomes and impacts gleaned from project reports: Dormant applications of lime sulfur or copper will provide some degree of Phomopsis control but will not reduce the need for the standard recommended fungicide sprays for Phomopsis control during the growing season. We have no evidence to indicate that the dormant applications are effective against any of the other grape diseases. Our two experiments showed that subsoil drainage can increase vine size even in a fairly well-drained soil, and that the customary drain-line spacing of every third vineyard row is probably sufficient to maximize vine size and survival in vineyard sites with adequate surface and subsurface permeability. With respect to irrigation, vine establishment was greatly improved by supplemental irrigation during a relatively dry planting year, and these benefits persisted over subsequent years, producing larger vines and greater fruit yields without loss in berry quality - even during years with adequate rainfall. Potential benefits to the NY wine-grape industry include improved vine establishment and survival, more control over vine vigor during wet growing seasons, and increased yields in newly established vineyards. The LERGP web specialist was provided with content by the Project Leader as an outline for the extension webpages, and these were then organized and uploaded to the LERGP website. This page is located at the following link (http://lergp.cce.cornell.edu/Grape%20Cultural%20Practices/Home.htm) Project collaborators wrote factsheets for topics assigned/selected, and the topics range from vineyard management to planning a business to maintaining the vines. Factsheets will link to research conducted at Cornell University, Penn State University, and other Universities in the Eastern United States on grape production, as well as basic vineyard knowledge. A collection of videos are currently available on http://www.youtube.com/LERGPvids In 2009, 38 separate crosses were successful resulting in a total of 6,138 seeds. (Several additional crosses were initiated but were destroyed by high winds or animal predation.) Nineteen crosses were intended to produce potential red wine varieties (some white seedlings will also appear in these crosses), nine crosses were for white wine, eight for table grapes, and two for rootstocks. Winter injury was evaluated both in the vineyard and in the lab. Red and white wines were produced according to the standard, respective lab protocols. Cultivars from our breeding program are being widely adopted in cold climate grape growing regions of the Midwest and Northeast US. Reported sales from nurseries, though incomplete at this time, were at least 148,000 vines in 2009.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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