Source: UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT submitted to NRP
ENVIRONMENTALLY-SAFE PRODUCTS, VT
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0218714
Grant No.
2009-34430-19852
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
2009-04094
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2009
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2011
Grant Year
2009
Program Code
[PE]- Environmentally-Safe Products, VT
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT
(N/A)
BURLINGTON,VT 05405
Performing Department
Administration
Non Technical Summary
This proposed project will develop a natural and safe wood adhesive for plywood manufacture that can commercially replace the toxic volatile chemical resins currently used in the industry. The project will contribute to improvement of human health and will improve our economic future through development of commercially-viable, environmentally-safe alternatives. This research uses an existing low end of agricultural byproduct cheese whey proteins, thereby enhancing the economic vitality and opportunities for the dairy industry, to produce an adhesive product with higher safety and higher quality than the current market standards.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
50%
Developmental
25%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
5113470100090%
5115320100010%
Goals / Objectives
The goals of this research are to develop safe adhesives for plywood manufacture using whey proteins. Whey is a byproduct from cheese making, and more than one third of the whey (total 90 billion lb) generated by the cheese industry is disposed to the environment every year in the US. This impact can be eliminated by profitable use of whey for commercial purposes. In particular, the use of polymerized whey for plywood manufacture will also reduce the use of synthetic petroleum-based polymer products such as urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, pheonl-formaldehyde (PF) resin, resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin, and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) resin, which are highly toxic to humans and have the negative impact of releasing volatile organic solvents. Our preliminary work has demonstrated that whey proteins can be used for formulating safe adhesives, but to utilize these globular proteins for this purpose, their molecular structure must modified using physical, chemical, and/or enzymatic means. We will develop formulations of whey adhesives optimal for plywood manufacture, analyzed and tested in the lab, and if successful, the prototypes will also be tested in commercial settings. This proposed project will address many of the goals USDA and the State of Vermont strive for as we continue to improve our economic future through development of commercially-viable, environmentally-safe alternatives. This research uses an existing low end of agricultural byproduct cheese whey proteins, thereby enhancing the economic vitality and opportunities for the dairy industry, to produce an adhesive product with higher safety and higher quality than the current market standards.
Project Methods
The objectives of this project are to further optimize the whey-protein based API adhesive for structural use that meet the demands of commercial standards (JIS K6806-2003), to develop a whey-protein based plywood adhesive and optimize the key technological parameters for manufacturing plywood. Our proposed efforts for this year are to: I. Characterize and further optimize the current formulations of API adhesives by means of GPC, SEM, FTIR and tests of bond strength and bond durability. II. Develop and optimize plywood adhesive formulations for increased bonding strength and improved durability, particularly as adapted for the hot-press process. III. Conduct commercial scale testing of constructed plywood in association with the UMaine AEWC; refine and optimize plywood adhesive formulations appropriate for commercial-scale use.

Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Paper glue and sticks have been developed. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Households with children PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
The binding strength, chemical composition, shelf-life, and mold resistance were studied. The results show that the child safe glue products are stable and better than commercial control products. The whey protein based safe plywood adhesives were developed and tested for water resistance, binding strength, and VOC emissions. The results indicated that the new environmentally safe adhesive for exterior plywood manufacture are better or equally good to the commercial products. A scale-up studies for the wood adhesives were also carried out.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Whey is a byproduct of cheese making. The main objective is using whey protein as a major ingredient to develop environmentally safe wood adhesives and safe paper glues. Adhesives for both interior and exterior plywood board have been developed and analyzed for bonding strength and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission. Chemical structure of the adhesives was also characterized. Prototypes of paper glue sticks and liquid blue were also developed. PARTICIPANTS: Zhenhua Gao, Senior Researcher, hired to work on adhesive formation (9-months). TARGET AUDIENCES: Dairy industry, wood industry, furniture manufacturers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The results show that the whey protein based adhesives are equal or better than commercial petroleum based adhesives in terms of bonding strength, water resistant ability. The emission of VOCs is only 0.05 ppm compared with the standard of 0.5 ppm. The new technology for preparing whey protein based plywood adhesives is ready to be transferred to the industry. The binding strength of paper glues (liquid form and sticks) were equal or better compared with commercial controls. Shelflife evaluation of the paper glues is underway.

Publications

  • Wang, J., J. Cheng, and M.R. Guo. 2010. Physicochemical properties of whey protein-based safe paper glue. Journal of Dairy Science. 93, E-Suppl. 339
  • Gao, Z.H., W. Wang, and M.R. Guo. 2010. Novel whey-protein based Aqueous Polymer-Isocyanate (API) adhesive for Glulam. Journal of Applied Polymer Science (in press)
  • Gao, Z.H., W. Wang, and M.R. Guo 2010. Environmentally safe aqueous adhesive prepared using whey proteins for water-resistant plywood. Adhesion (in press)
  • Gao, Z.H., W. Wang, and M.R. Guo. 2011. Whey-protein based environmentally friendly wood adhesives. Pigment and Resin Technology (in press)