Progress 07/15/09 to 01/14/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: IPM diagnostic facilities at the University of Georgia, which are primarily the Digital Diagnostics through Digital Imaging (DDDI) program, the bugwood database, and the Homeowner Diagnostic Laboratory, were extensively utilized during the project period. The Bugwood database received 2 million hits to their web system. The diagnostic system received 2596 submissions throughout the year and was used to identify the foreign invader Megacopta cribraria, following homeowner complaints in October 2009. Research is continuing on Xylella fastidiosa in blueberries. During this project period, population dynamics including timing of emergence, development, and vector competence of leafhopper vectors were investigated. The aim is to create targeted management strategies aimed at reducing the number of required insecticide applications. Events: Cotton IPM team members conducted 68 educational programs at the county or local cotton production meetings, participated in and made six presentations at regional and national professional meetings, and conducted three field day extension events. Additionally, cotton team members maintained the Cotton Insect Hotline (1-800-851-2847) which provides up to date insect management information to cotton producers in Georgia. Cotton team members also conducted the Cotton Scout School which had 53 attendees. Vegetable IPM team members conducted 33 county or multi-county educational programs with an average of 30-50 participants at each event. Vegetable team members conducted 4 field day events reaching over 200 contatcts. Two additional presentations were made in cooperation with other southeastern state outreach programs. Vegetable team members served as organizers for the Vegetable Education Sessions at the Southeast Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference in Savannah, Georgia. Team members gave 8 presentations at this meeting. Vegetable team members also participated and made 8 presentations at regional or national professional meetings and 4 presentations at international meetings. All team members have active research/demonstration programs, with a total of 98 research demonstrations projects in vegetable IPM in 2009. Peanut IPM team members conducted 47 county or multi-county educational programs during this program period. Six presentations were given at regional or national professional meetings. Peanut team members conducted 5 field days, and a tri-state Peanut Diseases Tour with Alabama and Florida. In a collaborative effort with Fort Valley State University, an IPM Training in Organic Farming was conducted with approximately 30 participants. Products: The Profile kit, a self-contained resistance management system, was further developed and validated during this project period. The Profile kit can detect resistance to three major systemic fungicide classes used to control brown rot of peaches. These are the benzimidazoles, the demethylation inhibitors and the quinone outside inhibitors. An educational pollinator garden, a Hemlock Wooly Adeligid Field day, and a low income home IPM program were implemented as a result of minigrants funded through this program. PARTICIPANTS: L. Paul Guillebeau- This individual served as the IPM coordinator for the initial term of this project. Raymond Noblet- This individual provided administrative leadership and support to the Georgia IPM program. Phillip Brannen- This individual served as the primary UGA contact, and contributed significant effort for the collaborative peach project with Clemson University. Guido Schnabel- This individual served as the primary Clemson contact and contributed significant effort to the collaborative peach project. Dan Horton- This individual contributed significant effort and expertise for both the peach and blueberry IPM programs. Phillip Roberts- This individual is a member of the Cotton IPM team and provided entomologic expertise to the team, county agents, and the cotton producers of Georgia. Alton Sparks- This individual contributed significant effort and entomologic expertise to the Vegetable IPM program. Julia Gaskin- This individual served as the organizer and primary UGA contact for the collaborative Organic Farming Training conducted with Fort Valley State University. Marc Thomas- This individual served as the primary contact for Fort Valley State University and served as co-organizer for the Organic Farming Training. David Adams- This individual provided entomologic expertise to the Peanut IPM team Robert Kemerait-This individual served as the primary contact person and provided plant pathology expertise and effort to the Peanut IPM team. Byron Candole- This individual served as the plant pathology diagnostician for the Georgia IPM program. Lisa Ames- This individual served as the insect diagnostician for the DDDI program and the homeowner identification program. TARGET AUDIENCES: The efforts of the Georgia Integrated Pest Management program are primarily targeted at agricultural producers of agronomic, high input, and high value crops within the state of Georgia. These include cotton, peanut, blueberry, peach and vegetable producers. In addition to this primary group, the IPM program is making efforts to extend expertise and assistance to smaller scale organic producers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The diversity of commodities, producer groups, and scientists involved often necessitates evaluation on a commodity-by-commodity or project-by-project basis. More interactive systems are being developed and implemented such as the Georgia Extension Leadership System. Impact summary: Cotton: Elimination of the boll weevil and the use of transgenic Bt cottons have allowed growers to employ IPM, utilizing natural and cultural controls, thresholds, and insecticides on an as needed basis. Insecticide applications averaged 12-15 per year during the 1990s and early 2000s. Insecticide use averaged approximately 3 applications per acre during 2009. Nematodes are an important pest of Georgia cotton, infesting over 70 percent of the acres planted. During recent years efforts have included defining risk management zones which will allow the use of precision application of nematicides thus decreasing nematicide use allowing for increased profits and better environmental stewardship. Glyphosate resistant P. amaranth populations have spread in Georgia and have been confirmed in most production areas. Rather than relying on herbicides alone, research and education efforts for P. amaranth are focusing on a more integrated approach which includes the use of tillage, high residue cover crops, multiple herbicide chemistries, and hand weeding. Vegetables: Research and educational efforts within vegetable IPM have ongoing impacts with the vegetable industry. Identification of efficacious pesticides, aiding in registration of these pesticides, and integration into IPM programs are among the most notable and obvious impacts. As an example, six new herbicide labels for pepper, cole crops, and onions were received in 2009 and these products were successfully integrated into the production programs for these crops. Research and education with methyl bromide alternatives has aided growers in shifting to alternative practices, with over 70% of crop acreage previously reliant on methyl bromide now produced with alternative approaches. This work has also resulted in identification of a non-fumigant alternative to methyl-bromide which is currently being further evaluated. Peach: Introduction of the Profile Kit and the ensuing implementation in a fungicide resistance monitoring program in the peach growing regions of GA and SC are estimated to have saved $20 million in yield losses and wasted fungicide applications. Organic Farming Training: Pre- and post- tests administered during this training event indicated an overall 20% increase in knowledge for those participating in the training. County agent minigrants supplied through this program resulted in construction of a educational pollinator garden which has received nearly 300 guests since its construction. Dissemination of 650 cockroach bait stations and education materials for low income families resulted from a minigrant. A third mingrant project educated 85 citizen scientists about hemlock wooly adelgid infestations. 86% of attendees indicated that they had learned new information for management of hwa and planned to implement new management techniques on their own property.
Publications
- 14. Olatinwo, R.O., J.O. Paz, R.C. Kemerait, Jr., A.K. Culbreath, and G. Hoogenboom. 2010. El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Impact on tomato spotted wilt intensity in peanut and the implication on yield. Crop Protection: 29: 448-453.
- 1. Toews, M., E. Blinka, J. Van Duyn, A. Herbert, J. Bacheler, P. Roberts, and J. Greene. 2009. Fidelity of external boll feeding lesions to internal damage for assessing stink bug damage in cotton. J. Econ. Entomol. 102(3):1344-1351.
- 2. Medrano, E.G., J. Esquivel, A. Bell, J. Greene, P. Roberts, J. Bacheler, J. Marois, D. Wright, R. Nichols, and J. Lopez. 2009. Potential for Nezara viridula (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) to transmit bacterial and fungal pathogens into cotton bolls. J. Current Microbiology 59:405-412.
- 3. Culpepper, S., A. York, P. Roberts, and J. Whitaker. 2009. WideStrike 485 WRF cotton and glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth response to glufosinate in Georgia. Weed Tech. 23:356-362.
- 4. Herbert, A., E. Blinka, J. Bacheler, J. Van Duyn, J. Greene, M. Toews, P. Roberts, and R. Smith. 2009. Managing stink bugs in cotton: research in the southeast region. Publication 444-390, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Found online at http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/444/444-390/444-390.html.
- 5. Guillebeau, P. (editor). 2009 Georgia Pest Management Handbook Commercial Edition. The Univ. of Georgia Coop. Ext. Ser. Special Bull. 28, 863 pp. Found online at http://www.ent.uga.edu/pmh.
- 6. Roberts, Phillip (Ed.), Stanley Culpepper, Glen Harris, Bob Kemerait, Don Shurley, and A. Smith. 2009 Georgia Cotton Production Guide. The Univ. of Georgia Coop. Ext. Ser., ENT 09-01. Found online at http://ugacotton.com.
- 7. Cotton Team, 2009. Georgia cotton newsletter, The Univ. of Georgia Coop. Ext. Ser., 9 issues. Found online at http://ugacotton.com.
- 8. Roberts, P.M. 2009. Cotton pest management newsletter. The Univ. of Georgia Coop. Ext. Ser., Entomology 09-PMR(1), 11 issues. Found online at http://ugacotton.com.
- 9. Toews, M, G. Ritchie, and A. Smith. 2009. Cotton Research-Extension Report 2008. UGA/CPES Research Extension Publication No. 6. Found online at http://ugacotton.com.
- 10. Angelella, G.M., Riley, D.G. 2010. Effects of pine pollen supplementation in an onion diet on Frakliniella fusca reproduction. Environmental Entomology 39: 505-512.
- 11. Boyhan, G.E., S. Culpepper, E.G. Fonsah, K.A. Harrison, G.L. Hawkins, W.C. Hurst, D.B. Langston, C. Li, D.D. MacLean, A.N. Sparks, P.E. Sumner. Commercial snap bean production in Georgia. 2010. UGA Extension Publication No. B1369.
- 12. The University of Georgia, The University of Florida, Auburn University. 2010. 2009 Peanut RX. http://www.caes.uga.edu/commodities/fieldcrops/peanuts/2009peanutupda te/peanutrx.html.
- 13. Culbreath, A. K., T.B. Brenneman, R.C. Kemerait, Jr., and G.G. Hammes. 2009. Effect of the new pyrazole carboxamide fungicide penthiopyrad on late leaf spot and stem rot of peanut. Pest Management Science 65:66-73.
|
Progress 07/15/09 to 07/14/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities: IPM diagnostic facilities at the University of Georgia, which are primarily the Digital Diagnostics through Digital Imaging (DDDI) program, the bugwood database, and the Homeowner Diagnostic Laboratory, were extensively utilized during the project period. The Bugwood database received more that 2 million hits to their web system. The diagnostic system received numerous submissions throughout the year and was used to identify the foreign invader Megacopta cribraria, which was identified following homeowner complaints in October 2009. Research is continuing on Xylella fastidiosa in blueberries. During this project period, population dynamics including timing of emergence, development, and vector competence of leafhopper vectors were investigated. This research will continue in order to gain a better understanding of disease transmission in this system. The aim is to create targeted management strategies aimed at reducing the number of required insecticide applications. Events: Cotton IPM team members conducted 68 educational programs at the county or local cotton production meetings, participated in and made six presentations at regional and national professional meetings, and conducted three field day extension events. Additionally, cotton team members maintained the Cotton Insect Hotline (1-800-851-2847) which provides up to date insect management information to cotton producers in Georgia. Cotton team members also conducted the Cotton Scout School which had 53 attendees. Vegetable IPM team members conducted 33 county or multi-county educational programs with an average of 30-50 participants at each event. Vegetable team members conducted 4 field day events reaching over 200 contatcts. Two additional presentations were made in cooperation with other southeastern state outreach programs. Vegetable team members served as organizers for the Vegetable Education Sessions at the Southeast Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference in Savannah, Georgia. Team members gave 8 presentations at this meeting. Vegetable team members also participated and made 8 presentations at regional or national professional meetings and 4 presentations at international meetings. All team members have active research/demonstration programs, with a total of 98 research demonstrations projects in vegetable IPM in 2009. Peanut IPM team members conducted 47 county or multi-county educational programs during this program period. Six presentations were given at regional or national professional meetings. Peanut team members conducted 5 field days, and a tri-state Peanut Diseases Tour with Alabama and Florida. In a collaborative effort with Fort Valley State University, an IPM Training in Organic Farming was conducted with approximately 30 participants. Products: The Profile kit, a self-contained resistance management system, was further developed and validated during this project period. The Profile kit can detect resistance to three major systemic fungicide classes used to control brown rot of peaches. These are the benzimidazoles, the demethylation inhibitors and the quinone outside inhibitors. PARTICIPANTS: L. Paul Guillebeau- This individual served as the IPM coordinator for the initial term of this project. Raymond Noblet- This individual provided administrative leadership and support to the Georgia IPM program. Phillip Brannen- This individual served as the primary UGA contact, and contributed significant effort for the collaborative peach project with Clemson University. Guido Schnabel- This individual served as the primary Clemson contact and contributed significant effort to the collaborative peach project. Dan Horton- This individual contributed significant effort and expertise for both the peach and blueberry IPM programs. Phillip Roberts- This individual is a member of the Cotton IPM team and provided entomologic expertise to the team, county agents, and the cotton producers of Georgia. Alton Sparks- This individual contributed significant effort and entomologic expertise to the Vegetable IPM program. Julia Gaskin- This individual served as the organizer and primary UGA contact for the collaborative Organic Farming Training conducted with Fort Valley State University. Marc Thomas- This individual served as the primary contact for Fort Valley State University and served as co-organizer for the Organic Farming Training. David Adams- This individual provided entomologic expertise to the Peanut IPM team Robert Kemerait-This individual served as the primary contact person and provided plant pathology expertise and effort to the Peanut IPM team. Byron Candole- This individual served as the plant pathology diagnostician for the Georgia IPM program. Lisa Ames- This individual served as the insect diagnostician for the DDDI program and the homeowner identification program. TARGET AUDIENCES: The efforts of the Georgia Integrated Pest Management program are primarily targeted at agricultural producers of agronomic, high input, and high value crops within the state of Georgia. These include cotton, peanut, blueberry, peach and vegetable producers. In addition to this primary group, the IPM program is making efforts to extend expertise and assistance to smaller scale organic producers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The broad scope of the Georgia Integrated Pest Management program makes evaluation of the program as a whole very difficulty. The diversity of commodities, producer groups, and scientists involved often necessitates evaluation on a commodity-by-commodity or project-by-project basis. To date, program evaluation has primarily been based on crop production and pesticide usage estimates, however more interactive systems are being developed and implemented such as the Georgia Extension Leadership Service and various grower interview and survey systems. A brief overview of some of the major impacts of the Georgia IPM program are given below. Cotton: Over the last several years, elimination of the boll weevil and the use of transgenic Bt cottons have allowed growers to truly employ IPM, utilizing natural and cultural controls, thresholds, and insecticides on an as needed basis. Prior to these events, it was not uncommon for insecticide applications to average 12-15 per year. Insecticide use averaged approximately 3 applications per acre during 2009. Nematodes are an important pest of Georgia cotton, infesting over 70 percent of the acres planted. During recent years efforts have included defining risk management zones which will allow the use of precision application of nematicides which will decrease nematicide use allowing for increased profits for growers and better environmental stewardship. Glyphosate resistant P. amaranth populations have rapidly spread in Georgia and have been confirmed in most production areas. Rather than relying on herbicides alone, research and education efforts for P. amaranth are focusing on a more integrated approach which includes the use of tillage, high residue cover crops, multiple herbicide chemistries, and hand weeding. To date, primary evaluation of this program has been based on Vegetables: Research and educational efforts within vegetable IPM have ongoing impacts with the vegetable industry. Identification of efficacious pesticides, aiding in registration of these pesticides, and integration of these pesticides into IPM programs are among the most notable and obvious impacts. As an example, six new herbicide labels for pepper, cole crops, and onions were received in 2009 and these products were successfully integrated into the production programs for these crops. Research and education with methyl bromide alternatives has aided growers in shifting to alternative practices, with over 70% of crop acreage previously reliant on methyl bromide now produced with alternative approaches. This work has also resulted in identification of a non-fumigant alternative to methyl-bromide which is currently being further evaluated. Peach: Introduction of the Profile Kit and the ensuing implementation in a fungicide resistance monitoring program in the peach growing regions of GA and SC are estimated to have saved $20 million in yield losses and wasted fungicide applications. Organic Farming Training: Pre- and post- tests administered during this training event indicated an overall 20% increase in knowledge for those participating in the training.
Publications
- Toews, M., E. Blinka, J. Van Duyn, A. Herbert, J. Bacheler, P. Roberts, and J. Greene. 2009. Fidelity of external boll feeding lesions to internal damage for assessing stink bug damage in cotton. J. Econ. Entomol. 102(3):1344-1351.
- Medrano, E.G., J. Esquivel, A. Bell, J. Greene, P. Roberts, J. Bacheler, J. Marois, D. Wright, R. Nichols, and J. Lopez. 2009. Potential for Nezara viridula (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) to transmit bacterial and fungal pathogens into cotton bolls. J. Current Microbiology 59:405-412.
- Culpepper, S., A. York, P. Roberts, and J. Whitaker. 2009. WideStrike 485 WRF cotton and glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth response to glufosinate in Georgia. Weed Tech. 23:356-362.
- Herbert, A., E. Blinka, J. Bacheler, J. Van Duyn, J. Greene, M. Toews, P. Roberts, and R. Smith. 2009. Managing stink bugs in cotton: research in the southeast region. Publication 444-390, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Found online at http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/444/444-390/444-390.html.
- Guillebeau, P. (editor). 2009 Georgia Pest Management Handbook Commercial Edition. The Univ. of Georgia Coop. Ext. Ser. Special Bull. 28, 863 pp. Found online at http://www.ent.uga.edu/pmh.
- Roberts, Phillip (Ed.), Stanley Culpepper, Glen Harris, Bob Kemerait, Don Shurley, and A. Smith. 2009 Georgia Cotton Production Guide. The Univ. of Georgia Coop. Ext. Ser., ENT 09-01. Found online at http://ugacotton.com.
- Cotton Team, 2009. Georgia cotton newsletter, The Univ. of Georgia Coop. Ext. Ser., 9 issues. Found online at http://ugacotton.com.
- Roberts, P.M. 2009. Cotton pest management newsletter. The Univ. of Georgia Coop. Ext. Ser., Entomology 09-PMR(1), 11 issues. Found online at http://ugacotton.com.
- Toews, M, G. Ritchie, and A. Smith. 2009. Cotton Research-Extension Report 2008. UGA/CPES Research Extension Publication No. 6. Found online at http://ugacotton.com.
- Angelella, G.M., Riley, D.G. 2010. Effects of pine pollen supplementation in an onion diet on Frakliniella fusca reproduction. Environmental Entomology 39: 505-512.
- Boyhan, G.E., S. Culpepper, E.G. Fonsah, K.A. Harrison, G.L. Hawkins, W.C. Hurst, D.B. Langston, C. Li, D.D. MacLean, A.N. Sparks, P.E. Sumner. Commercial snap bean production in Georgia. 2010. UGA Extension Publication No. B1369.
- The University of Georgia, The University of Florida, Auburn University. 2010. 2009 Peanut RX. http://www.caes.uga.edu/commodities/fieldcrops/peanuts/2009peanutupda te/peanutrx.html.
- Culbreath, A. K., T.B. Brenneman, R.C. Kemerait, Jr., and G.G. Hammes. 2009. Effect of the new pyrazole carboxamide fungicide penthiopyrad on late leaf spot and stem rot of peanut. Pest Management Science 65:66-73.
- Olatinwo, R.O., J.O. Paz, R.C. Kemerait, Jr., A.K. Culbreath, and G. Hoogenboom. 2010. El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Impact on tomato spotted wilt intensity in peanut and the implication on yield. Crop Protection: 29: 448-453.
|