Progress 04/01/09 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Information generated from this project targeted a variety of audiences. For objective1, this studydealt withdetermining the species of mosquitoes in northeast Arkansas. This information would be of importance to medical and veterinary entomologists and epidemiologists dealing with mosquito disease issues. Objective2 focused on heartworm and mosquitoes.This objective would be of interest to veterinarians, medical and veterinary entomologists and the general public who are pet owners.Objective 3 focused on trichomycete associations in larval mosquitoes. These fungi might result inthe potential control of mosquitoes in the future. This would be of importance to many individuals interested in the control of mosquitoes, such as scientists interested in developing alternative strategies to chemical control, as well as indiviudals working on controlling mosquito populations. Objective 4 dealt with dung beetles in northeast Arkansas. This study would be of interest to livestock entomologists andproducers who are lookingto improve the quality of their pasture ecosystems.Objective 5 examined insects associated with stored rice. The information generatedfromobjective 5 would be of value to rice mills, rice producers and researchers allowing them to have a better understanding on the spatial and temporal distributions of insects associated with stored rice.This data will allow rice producers and industry to implement effective insect monitoring techniques at their facilities. Important information needed to reduce yield loss during storage and milling. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This project provided training to three graduate students who have graduated with their MS degrees in biology at Arkansas State University.Italso provided training to approximately five undergraduate students working on their BS degress at Arkansas State University. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Yes, the results of this study have been dessiminated to various communities. Heartworm study: Veterinarians, pet owners and scientists Mosquito distribution studies: Veterinarians, pet owners and scientists Rice study: Rice mill personnel, rice industry, rice producers and scientists Dung beetle study: Livestock producers, general public and scientists Various venues: Presenations: Louisiana State University Veterinary School, Baton Rouge, LA; Dung Beetle Field Day, University of Missouri, University of Missouri’s Wurdack Farm, Cook Station, MO; Arkansas Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR; Arkansas Entomological Society Meeting, Fayetteville, AR; Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, San Diego, CA,Graduate Scholar’s Day Conference, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR; Entomological Society of America, Indianapolis, IN; USDA-RAMP Project Workshops – Crowley LA , Beaumont TX, Jonesboro AR; Joint meeting for the Livestock Insect Workers Conference, International Symposium on Ectoparasites of Pets, and the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, St. Louis, MO; Invited talk, Kansas State University Veterinary School, Manhattan, KS; Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Conference, San Diego,Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Reno, NV; Joint Meeting of the Southeastern and Southwestern Branches of the Entomological Society of America, Little Rock, AR; 2 presentations at the Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society 88th Annual Meeting, Jonesboro, AR; Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Conference, Orlando, FL. Media Contributions: TV, Discovery Channel, ”Dirty Jobs”, dung beetle research featured Nov. 10, 2009; Newspaper, Arkansas Democrat Gazette, 4 June 2009“Dirty Job’s host visits ASU to go elbow-deep in poo"; Jonesboro Sun, 4 Jan 2010., "ASU student awarded at scientific meeting", featuring graduate student work on dung beetles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1) To determine the primary species of mosquitoes in northeast Arkansas. During a mosquito survey study in 2010 and 2011, Aedes japonicus larvae were collected fromtwo sites in northeast AR. This is the first report of this species in the state of Arkansas. Thelarvae of this species were found in rock holes along tributaries to Rock Creek in the Harold Alexander Wildlife Management Area, a rural forested area with few inhabitants. The second collection site was in the city of Jonesboro, AR, in a forested residential area. Surveillance of this species is needed to determine its impacts on biodiversity of other mosquito species as well as potential threats of disease. A mosquito survey was conducted from April-October 2009 to identify which species of mosquitoes carry Dirofilaria immitis, dog heartworm, in northeast Arkansas. Sixteen mosquito species were identified. They included: Ae. albopictus, Ae. fulvus pallens, Ae. triseriatus, Ae. vexans, Anopheles crucians, An. punctipennis, An. quadrimaculatus, Culex erraticus, Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, Culiseta inornata, Psorophora columbiae, Ps. ciliata, Ps. ferox, Ps. howardii, Uranotaenia sapphirina and Toxorhychites. Ades vexans and An. quadrimaculatus were the two most abundant species, composing of 58.7 and 23.7% of the total mosquitoes collected. Aedes vexans was most abundant during April and May, with smaller numbers being observed in the summer months. Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Culex spp. were most abundant during July and August. A total of 309 larval mosquitoes were collected for a study to examine trichomycete fungal associations. Mosquitoes were collected from May to October 2010 and 2011 from a variety of natural habitats (i.e. ditches, tree stumps, rock holes) and artificial habitats. Fifteen mosquito species were collected. They included: An. quadrimaculatus, An. punctipennis, Cx. tarsalis, Cx. erraticus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. territans, Cx. restuans, Ae. albopictus, Ae. vexans, Ae. japonicus, Ae. epactius, Ae. triseriatus, Ps. columbiae, Ps. ferox and Toxorhynchites r. septentrionalis. 2) To examine Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy) (dog heartworm) associations in mosquitoes. A mosquito survey was conducted from April-October 2009 to identify which species of mosquitoes carry Dirofilaria immitis, dog heartworm, in northeast Arkansas. Using polymerase chain reaction, mosquitoes were analyzed for D. immitis. Sixteen mosquito species were collected. Dirofilaria immitis was identified in nine mosquito species. They included: Aedes vexans, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, An. punctipennis, Culex pipiens, Culex erraticus, Culiseta inornata, Psorophora columbiae, Psorophora ferox and Psorophora howardii. Of the 1,212 mosquito pools tested, 7.3% were positive for D. immitis. Mosquitoes were also collected from inside the kennel of a heartworm-positive dog. Of the 114 mosquitoes collected, 84 (73.7%) were positive for D. immitis. The frequency of D. immitis infected mosquitoes collected near a heartworm positive dog was considerably higher than in the original six collection sites. This suggests that any dog or cat that share mosquito exposure with an infected animal are at high risk for a heartworm infection. This is the first study to provide information on the seasonal distribution of dog heartworm in mosquitoes in northeast Arkansas. This data will provide information to help veterinary practitioners to more accurately determine when mosquitoes are more prone to harbor D. immitis and when they potentially can transmit this nematode. Objective 3) To examine nematode and trichomycete associations in larval mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae were collected from May to October 2010 and 2011. Of the 309 mosquitoe larvae collected, 10.4% were associated with a trichomycete fungus (Smittium culisetae). Fives species of mosquitoes were positive for atrichmycete fungus. They included: An. punctipennis (14.3%), Cx. pipiens (3.8%), Ae. vexans (25%), Ae. japonicus (2.1%) and Ae. epactius. Objective 4) To determine what dung beetle species are present in northeast Arkansas. The species composition and seasonal activities of dung beetles were monitored. Collections comprised of 236,880 dung beetles, representing 22 species. Colobopterus erraticus L. and Othophagus taurus Schreber were new state records. Labarrus pseudolividus Balthasar comprised 97.7% of the total trap capture. These findings provide baseline information on the assemblage of dung beetles in northeast AR and can be of value to the livestock producer who can therefore predict when dung beetle activity is at its highest. This information can lead to on-farm best practices, resulting in the potential for increasing the cattle carrying-capacity per unit of pasture. Objective 5) To monitor insects of stored rice in northeast Arkansas. The flight activity, seasonal and spatial distributions of the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), warehouse beetle (Trogoderma variable), cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne)and Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpuctella)were examined at a rice mill in Northeast Arkansas from June 2008 to October 2010. Stored-product insects were monitored using pheromone-baited glue traps on the exterior walls and fences around the perimeter and each major building on the property. The warehouse beetle was the most abundant species which comprised 72.3% of all stored-product insects captured. The warehouse beetle showed major seasonal peaks between May and August and was primarily captured in the processing, parboil and co-product areas of the facility. The lesser grain borer made up 12.3% of all stored-product species collected and showed major seasonal peaks between May and September and was captured along the perimeter of the facility and buildings containing rough rice. This study demonstrated that outdoor pheromone-baited traps are an effective monitoring technique for determining when rice facilities are most susceptible to infestations and where in the facility insects are originating.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2009
Citation:
Fiene, J. G. 2009. Species composition, seasonal activity, and aggregations of dung beetles on cattle pastures in Arkansas. Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, M.S. Thesis.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
White, A.L. 2011. Population dynamics of stored-product insects at a rice mill in northeast Arkansas. Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, M.S. Thesis.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Gaspar, J. P. 2013. Observational and experimental studies of trichomycete fungi associated with mosquito larvae. Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, M.S. Thesis.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
McKay, T. Integrated Pest Management in Rice Mills. RiziCulture Series, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 10 April 2013.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
McKay, T. Potential Mosquito Vectors of Heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, in Arkansas. North American Veterinary Conference. Orlando, FL, 22 January 2013.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Gaspar, J., T. McKay and M. Huss. Trichomycete fungi associated with mosquito larvae in northeastern Arkansas. 88th Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society Annual Meeting, 7 April 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
White, A. L., T. McKay, J. F. Campbell, and F. Arthur. Population dynamics of stored-product insects at a rice mill in northeast Arkansas. The 59th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. Reno, NV, 15 November 2011.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
McKay, T. and T. Bianco. Potential vectors of dog heartworm(Dirofilaria immitis) in northeast Arkansas. The 58th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. San Diego, CA, 14 December 2010. 2010.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Gaspar, J., T. McKay and M. Huss. Trichomycete fungi associated with mosquito larvae in northeastern Arkansas. The 58th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. San Diego, CA, 13 December 2010.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Gaspar, J., T. McKay and M. Huss. Trichomycete fungi associated with mosquito larvae in Northeastern Arkansas. Arkansas Entomological Society Annual Meeting, Fayetteville, AR, 8 October 2010.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Gaspar, J., T. McKay and M. Huss. Trichomycete fungi associated with mosquito larvae in Northeastern Arkansas. Fall Conference, Arkansas Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 30 September 2010.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
McKay, T. Arkansas dung beetle study The biodiversity of dung beetles in Arkansas. Dung Beetle Field Day, University of Missouri, Hugo Wurdack Farm, Cook Station, MO, 18 August 2010.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2009
Citation:
Fiene, J. and McKay, T. Aggregation mechanisms influencing spatial distributions of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scrabaeinae and Aphodiinae). The 57th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. Indianapolis, IN, 14 December 2009.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
McKay, T. Integrated Insect Pest Management in Rice Mills. Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. Orlando, FL, 7 November 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Hampton, R., J. Gaspar, T. McKay and M. Huss. Behavioral and developmental effects of trichomycete fungi (Smittium culisis) on Culicidae (Culex pipiens) larvae. 88th Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society Annual Meeting, Jonesboro, AR, 7 April 2012.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
McKay, T., T. Bianco, L. Rhodes and S. Barrnet. 2013. Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Mosquitoes from Northeast Arkansas, USA. Journal of Medical Entomology 50: 871-878.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Gaspar, J., T. McKay and M. Huss. 2012. First report of Aedes japonicus in natural and artificial habitats in northeast Arkansas. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 28: 38-42.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Brown, H., L. Harrington, P. E. Kaufman, T. McKay, D. D. Bowman, C. T. Nelson, D. Wang and R. Lund. 2012. Key factors influencing canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, in the United States. Parasites & Vectors 5: 245.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Wang, Dongmei, Dwight. D. Bowman, Heidi Brown, Laura C. Harrington, Philip E. Kaufman, Tanja McKay, C. Thomas Nelson, Julia L. Sharp and Robert Lund. Factors influencing U.S. canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) prevalence. Parasites & Vectors (In Review).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Fiene, J. G., M. B. Connior, R. Androw, B. Baldwin and T. McKay. 2011. Surveys of Arkansas dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae): Phenologies, mass occurrences, state and distributional records. American Midland Naturalist 165: 319-337.
|
Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Identifying mosquitoes of northeast AR, - field collections complete. Examining Dirofilaria immitis associations, - study complete. Nematode and trichomycete associations in larval mosquitoes, study ongoing - part of a MS Biol research. Dung beetle species present in northeast AR, - field studies complete. Monitoring of stored rice insects - first field study complete, second field study ongoing -part of MS Biol research. Mentoring related to CRIS: Advisor for ASU, 2 MS students, 5 undergraduate students. Presentations: Joint Meeting of the Southeastern and Southwestern Branches of the Entomological Society of America, Little Rock, AR 5 March; 2 presentations at the Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society 88th Annual Meeting, Jonesboro, AR 7 April; Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Conference, Orlando, FL 7 November. PARTICIPANTS: Nematode/trichomycete associations, Jason Gaspar (ASU) - providing analyses and field work. Dr. Martin Huss (ASU) - providing trichomycete/fungal expertise and techniques. Dr. Sandra Allan (USDA, Ctr. for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL) - providing mosquito cultures. Stored-rice insects, Brook Hale (ASU Graduate student), Rachel Hampton, Jonathan Wagner, Melissa Bailey, Samantha Davis, Aaron Cato (ASU undergraduate students) - providing analyses and field work. Dr. Keith Morris (ASU) providing Geographic Information Systems analysis. Drs. Frank Arthur and James Campbell (USDA, Grain Marketing, Manhattan, KS) - providing insect expertise and data analyses. TARGET AUDIENCES: Data from the mosquito / dog heartworm project is intended for veterinary practitioners, pet owners and research scientists to better understand the vectors of dog heartworm in northeast Arkansas. Data from nematode/trichomycete mosquito associations will be of importance to research scientists who are looking towards finding biological control strategies for mosquito control. Data from the dung beetle research will be used by livestock producers and research scientists to address management issues such as cattle carrying capacity per unit of pasture. Data from the stored-rice insect research will allow rice producers and industry to implement effective insect monitoring techniques at their facilities. It will also allow researchers to have a better understanding on the spatial and temporal distributions of stored-product insects associated with rice. Important information needed to reduce yield loss during storage and milling. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
During a mosquito survey study in 2010 and 2011, Aedes japonicus larvae were collected from 2 sites in northeast AR. This is the first report of this species in the state of Arkansas. The immatures of this species was found in rock holes along tributaries to Rock Creek in the Harold Alexander Wildlife Management Area, a rural forested area with few inhabitants. The second collection site was in the city of Jonesboro, AR, in a forested residential area. Surveillance of this species is needed to determine its impacts on biodiversity of other mosquito species as well as potential threats of disease. A mosquito survey was conducted from April-October 2009 to identify which species of mosquitoes carry Dirofilaria immitis, dog heartworm, in northeast Arkansas. Using polymerase chain reaction, mosquitoes were also analyzed for D. immitis. Sixteen mosquito species were collected. Dirofilaria immitis was identified in nine mosquito species. They included: Aedes vexans, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, An. punctipennis, Culex pipiens, Culex erraticus, Culiseta inornata, Psorophora columbiae, Psorophora ferox and Psorophora howardii. Of the 1,212 mosquito pools tested, 7.3% were positive for D. immitis. Mosquitoes were also collected from inside the kennel of a heartworm-positive dog. Of the 114 mosquitoes collected, 84 (73.7%) were positive for D. immitis. The frequency of D. immitis infected mosquitoes collected near a heartworm positive dog was considerably higher than in the original six collection sites. This suggests that any dog or cat that share mosquito exposure with an infected animal are at high risk for a heartworm infection. This is the first study to provide information on the seasonal distribution of dog heartworm in mosquitoes in northeast Arkansas. This data will provide information to help veterinary practitioners to more accurately determine when mosquitoes are more prone to harbor D. immitis and when they potentially can transmit this nematode. Monitoring of stored-product insects continued in 2012 with the implementation of a new study funded by the USDA-NIFA Methyl bromide transition program. This study focuses on the red flour beetle and integrated pest management in rice mills. The objectives of this study include the evaluation of the spatial distribution and movement patterns of red flour beetle populations at rice mill locations and to evaluate factors that influence the capture of red flour beetles inside rice mills and develop optimized pheromone based monitoring programs.
Publications
- Gaspar, J., T. McKay and M. Huss. 2012. First report of Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in natural and artificial habitats in Northeast Arkansas. J. Amer. Mos. Cont. Assoc. 28 (1): 38-42.
|
Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Identifying mosquitoes of northeast AR, study ongoing. Examining Dirofilaria immitis associations,- study complete. Nematode and trichomycete associations in larval mosquitoes, study ongoing - part of a MS Biol research. Dung beetle species present in northeast AR, - field studies complete. Monitoring of stored rice insects - first field study complete, second field study ongoing -part of MS Biol research. Mentoring related to CRIS: Advisor for ASU, 3 MS students, 1 undergraduate student. Presentations: USDA-RAMP Project Workshops - Crowley LA 10 May, Beaumont TX 11 May, Jonesboro AR 13 May; Joint meeting for the Livestock Insect Workers Conference, International Symposium on Ectoparasites of Pets, and the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, St. Louis, MO, 19 July; Invited talk, Kansas State University Veterinary School, Manhattan, KS 20 October; Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Conference, San Diego, CA 1 November; Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Reno, NV 13-16 November. PARTICIPANTS: Nematode/trichomycete associations, Jason Gaspar (ASU) - providing analyses and field work. Dr. Martin Huss (ASU) - providing trichomycete/fungal expertise and techniques. Dr. Sandra Allan (USDA, Ctr. for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL) - providing mosquito cultures. Stored-rice insects, Amanda White (ASU) - providing analyses and field work. Dr. Keith Morris (ASU) providing Geographic Information Systems analysis. Drs. Frank Arthur and James Campbell (USDA, Grain Marketing, Manhattan, KS) - providing insect expertise and data analyses. TARGET AUDIENCES: Data from the mosquito / dog heartworm project is intended for veterinary practitioners, pet owners and research scientists to better understand the vectors of dog heartworm in northeast Arkansas. Data from nematode/trichomycete mosquito associations will be of importance to research scientists who are looking towards finding biological control strategies for mosquito control. Data from the dung beetle research will be used by livestock producers and research scientists to address management issues such as cattle carrying capacity per unit of pasture. Data from the stored-rice insect research will allow rice producers and industry to implement effective insect monitoring techniques at their facilities. It will also allow researchers to have a better understanding on the spatial and temporal distributions of stored-product insects associated with rice. Important information needed to reduce yield loss during storage and milling. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
A survey of mosquito-trichomycete associations has been conducted over the last 2 years, to determine the prevalence of trichomycete fungi in mosquito larvae in northeast Arkansas. This study suggests a possible trichomycete host shift from its local endemic host into a new invasive mosquito host, Aedes japonicus. In this study, five species of mosquito have been found in Arkansas associated with trichomycete fungi. They include Aedes epacticus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. vexans, Anopheles punctipennis and Culex pipiens. Over all mosquito larvae and exuvae, 10.4% were associated with a trichomycete. Aedes japonicus is a new invasive species in northeast Arkansas and larvae inhabit the same rockholes as the endemic rockhole species, Ae. epactius and An. punctipennis. Of the 24 dissected Ae. epactius dissected, 95.8% were infested with trichomycete symbionts. One Ae. japonicus larva was positive for trichomycete fungi. However, 46 of them were found negative and one individual was in the same rockhole as a positive sample of Ae. epactius. The high prevalence of positive endemic mosquitoes and the low prevalence of positive invasive mosquito may suggest the start of a host shift from an endemic to an invasive species. White, A. MS thesis 2011 (ASU). The flight activity, seasonal and spatial distributions of the lesser grain borer, warehouse beetle, cigarette beetle and Indianmeal moth were examined at a rice mill in Northeast Arkansas from June 2008 to October 2010. Stored-product insects were monitored using pheromone-baited glue traps on the exterior walls and fences around the perimeter and each major building on the property. The warehouse beetle was the most abundant species which comprised 72.3% of all stored-product insects captured. The warehouse beetle showed major seasonal peaks between May and August and was primarily captured in the processing, parboil and co-product areas of the facility. The lesser grain borer made up 12.3% of all stored-product species collected and showed major seasonal peaks between May and September and was captured along the perimeter of the facility and buildings containing rough rice. This study demonstrated that outdoor pheromone-baited traps are an effective monitoring technique for determining when rice facilities are most susceptible to infestations and where in the facility insects are of concern. Monitoring of stored-product insects will continue in 2012 with the implementation of a new study funded by the USDA-NIFA Methyl bromide transition program that will focus on the red flour beetle and integrated pest management in rice mills.
Publications
- Fiene, G., Connior, M.B., Androw,R., Baldwin, B. and McKay, T. (2011). Surveys of Arkansas dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae): Phenologies, mass occurrences, state records, and a checklist and distribution record of the species of Arkansas. Am. Mid. Nat. 165: 319-337.
- Gaspar, J., McKay, T. and Huss, M. (2011). Trichomycete fungi associated with mosquito larvae in northeastern Arkansas. Entomological Society of America Program and Abstract, 59th Annual Meeting, Reno, NV (http://esa.confex.com/esa/2011/webprogram/Paper57571.html).
- Gaspar, J., McKay, T. and Huss, M. (2012). First report of Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in natural and artificial habitats in Northeast Arkansas. J. American Mosquito Control Association(in press).
- McKay, T. 2011. Potential vectors of dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in northeast Arkansas. Annual Meeting Proceedings of the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, Livestock Insect Workers Conference, and the International Symposium on Ectoparasites of Pets, Abstract p. 90. White, A., McKay,T., Campbell, J. and Arthur, F. (2011). Population dynamics of stored-product insects at a rice mill in northeast Arkansas. Entomological Society of America Program and Abstract, 59th Annual Meeting, Reno, NV (http://esa.confex.com/esa/2011/webprogram/Paper56923.html).
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Identifying mosquitoes of northeast AR, study complete. Examining Dirofilaria immitis associations, study continued - part of MS Biol research. Nematode and trichomycete associations in larval mosquitoes, study ongoing - part of a MS Biol research. Dung beetle species present in northeast AR, - field studies complete, 1 MS student complete, 1 undergraduate student, final publications currently in progress. Monitoring of stored rice insects - field study complete, part of MS Biol research. Mentoring related to CRIS: Advisor for ASU, 3 MS students, 1 undergraduate student, Grad committee 1 PhD (U of A). Presentations: Louisiana State University Veterinary School, Baton Rouge, LA 20 May; Dung Beetle Field Day, University of Missouri, University of Missouri's Wurdack Farm, Cook Station, MO, 18 Aug.; Arkansas Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 30 Sept.; Arkansas Entomological Society Meeting, Fayetteville, AR, 8 October; Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, San Diego, CA1 12-15 Dec. PARTICIPANTS: Mosquito distributions and dog heartworm, Tracy Bianco (ASU) - providing analysis and field work. Drs. Carol Cramer and Maureen Dolan (ASU) - provided instrumentation for molecular diagnostics. Lisa Rhodes, Zach Marsh (ASU) providing student analyses and field work. Vector Disease Control (Jonesboro, AR) providing adult mosquitoes. Nematode/trichomycete associations, Jason Gaspar (ASU) - providing student analyses and field work. Dr. Martin Huss (ASU) - providing trichomycete/fungal expertise and techniques. Dr. Sandra Allan (USDA, Ctr. for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL) - providing mosquito cultures. Dung beetle research, Justin Fiene (ASU), Justin Stewart (ASU), Matt Connior - providing student analyses and field work. Drs. Donald Kennedy & Bill Humphrey (ASU) and Mike Johnson (ASU) - collaborators providing field plots and access to cattle. Brian Baldwin (Mena, AR) and Robert Androw (Carnegie Museum of Natural History) - collaborators providing dung beetle specimens. Dr. Paul Skelley (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services - Division of Plant Industry) and Dr. Ed Riley (Texas A & M University) for confirmation of dung beetle identifications. Stored-rice insects, Amanda White (ASU) - providing student analyses and field work. Drs. Frank Arthur and James Campbell (USDA, Grain Marketing, Manhattan, KS) - providing insect expertise and data analyses. Lisa Rhodes, Zach Marsh (ASU), providing student analyses and field work. TARGET AUDIENCES: Data from the mosquito/dog heartworm project is intended for veterinary practitioners, pet owners and research scientists to better understand the vectors of dog heartworm in northeast Arkansas. Data from nematode/trichomycete mosquito associations will be of importance to research scientists who are looking towards finding biological control strategies for mosquito control. Data from the dung beetle research will be used by livestock producers and research scientists to address management issues such as cattle carrying capacity per unit of pasture. Data from the stored-rice insect research will allow rice producers and industry to implement effective insect monitoring techniques at their facilities. It will also allow researchers to have a better understanding on the spatial and temporal distributions of stored-product insects associated with rice. Important information needed to reduce yield loss during storage and milling. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Adult mosquitoes were collected in northeast Arkansas to determine their seasonal distribution and abundance. Seventeen species of mosquitoes were collected with numbers peaking in mid-August. Anopheles quadrimaculatus was the most prevalent species. DNA extractions were performed on adult mosquitoes to determine the presence of D. immitis (dog heartworm). A total of 13 mosquitoes were tested for D. immitis, of which nine were found to be positive. They included: Ae. vexans, An. punctipennis, An. quadrimaculatus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. erraticus, Culiseta inornata, Ps. columbiae, Ps. ferox and Ps. howardii. This information allows veterinary practitioners to better understand the seasonality of dog heartworm in mosquito populations and will allow them to better predict when to prescribe prophylactic treatments. A survey is being conducted to examine the nematode and trichomycete associations with mosquito larvae in natural and artificial habitats. In 2010, the larvae of ten mosquito species were collected and examined for associations, with 3.0% of larvae infected with trichomycetes. No nematodes were discovered. This survey will be continued in summer 2011. Fiene et al. 2009. MS thesis (ASU). The species composition and seasonal activities of dung beetles were monitored. Collections comprised of 236,880 dung beetles, representing 22 species. Colobopterus erraticus L. and Othophagus taurus Schreber were new state records. Labarrus seudolividus Balthasar comprised 97.7% of the total trap capture. These findings provide baseline information on the assemblage of dung beetles in northeast AR and can be of value to the livestock producer who can therefore predict when dung beetle activity is at its highest. This information can lead to on farm best practices, resulting in the potential for increasing the cattle carrying-capacity per unit of pasture. The seasonal and spatial distribution of insects associated with a rice mill has been documented. The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne, was the most abundant stored-product insect. This project is on-going. It will provide information that will allow rice mills to have a better understanding on insect invasion rates and to more accurately predict where and when invasion from outside is important.
Publications
- Gaspar, J, T. McKay, and M. Huss. 2010. Trichomycete fungi associated with mosquito larvae in northeastern Arkansas. ESA Program and Abstract, Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA (http:// esa.confex.com/esa/2010/webprogram/Paper50652.html).
- McKay, T. and T. Bianco. 2010. Potential vectors of dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in northeast Arkansas, ESA Program and Abstract, Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA (http:// esa.confex.com/esa/2010/webprogram/Paper50023.html).
- McKay, T., T. Bianco and S. Barnett. 2010. Potential vectors of dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in Jonesboro, Arkansas, 13th Triennial State of the Heartworm Symposium, American Heartworm Society, Abstract (p. 25) Memphis, TN.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Identifying mosquitoes of northeast AR and examining Dirofilaria immitis associations, study continued. Nematode and trichomycete associations in larval mosquitoes, study ongoing - part of a MS Biol research. Dung beetle species present in northeast AR, - field study complete, 1 MS student complete, final publications currently in progress. Monitoring of stored rice insects - project continued, part of MS Biol research. Mentoring related to CRIS: Advisor for ASU, 3 MS students, 4 undergraduate students, Grad committee 1 PhD (U of A). Conferences: Graduate Scholar's Day Conference, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 12 March; Entomological Society of America, Indianapolis, IN 13-16 Dec. Media Contributions: TV, Discovery Channel, "Dirty Jobs", dung beetle research featured, 10 Nov.; Newspaper, Arkansas Democrat Gazzette, 4 June "Dirty Job's host visits ASU to go elbow-deep in poo"; Jonesboro Sun, 4 Jan., "ASU student awarded at scientific meeting", featuring Justin Fiene's graduate work on dung beetles. PARTICIPANTS: Mosquito distributions and dog heartworm, Tracy Bianco (ASU) - providing analysis and field work. Drs. Carol Cramer and Maureen Dolan (ASU) - provided instrumentation for molecular diagnostics. Lisa Rhodes, Jake Owens, Zach Marsh (ASU), Zoe Teague (U of A) providing student analyses and field work. Vector Disease Control (Jonesboro, AR) providing adult mosquitoes. Nematode/trichomycete associations, Jason Gaspar (ASU) - providing student analyses and field work. Dr. Martin Huss (ASU) - providing trichomycete/fungal expertise and techniques. Dr. Sandra Allan (USDA, Ctr. for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL) - providing mosquito cultures. Dung beetle research, Justin Fiene (ASU), Matt Connior - providing student analyses and field work. Drs. Donald Kennedy & Bill Humphrey (ASU) and Mike Johnson (ASU) - collaborators providing field plots and access to cattle. Brian Baldwin (Mena, AR) and Robert Androw (Carnegie Museum of Natural History) - collaborators providing dung beetle specimens. Dr. Paul Skelley (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services - Division of Plant Industry) and Dr. Ed Riley (Texas A & M University) for confirmation of dung beetle identifications. Stored-rice insects, Amanda White (ASU) - providing student analyses and field work. Drs. Frank Arthur and James Campbell (USDA, Grain Marketing, Manhattan, KS) - providing insect expertise and data analyses. Lisa Rhodes, Jake Owens, Zach Marsh (ASU), Zoe Teague (U of A) providing student analyses and field work. TARGET AUDIENCES: Data from the mosquito / dog heartworm project is intended for veterinary practitioners, pet owners and research scientists to better understand the vectors of dog heartworm in northeast Arkansas. Data from nematode/trichomycete mosquito associations will be of importance to research scientists who are looking towards finding biological control strategies for mosquito control. Data from the dung beetle research will be used by livestock producers and research scientists to address management issues such as cattle carrying capacity per unit of pasture. Data from the stored-rice insect research will allow rice producers and industry to implement effective insect monitoring techniques at their facilities. It will also allow researchers to have a better understanding on the spatial and temporal distributions of stored-product insects associated with rice. Important information needed to reduce yield loss during storage and milling. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Adult mosquitoes were collected in northeast Arkansas to determine their seasonal distribution and abundance. Fifteen species of mosquitoes were collected with numbers peaking in mid-August. Anopheles quadrimaculatus was the most prevalent species. DNA extractions were performed on adult mosquitoes to determine the presence of D. immitis (dog heartworm). To date Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Aedes vexans are the only two species of mosquitoes found to carry D. immitis in northeast Arkansas. This information allows veterinary practitioners to better understand the seasonality of dog heartworm in mosquito populations and will allow them to better predict when to prescribe prophylactic treatments. Fiene et al. 2009 & Fiene 2009. The species composition and seasonal activities of dung beetles were monitored. Collections comprised of 236,880 dung beetles, representing 22 species. Colobopterus erraticus L. and Othophagus taurus Schreber were new state records. Labarrus pseudolividus Balthasar comprised 97.7% of the total trap capture. These findings provide baseline information on the assemblage of dung beetles in northeast AR and can be of value to the livestock producer who can therefore predict when dung beetle activity is at its highest. This information can lead to on farm best practices, resulting in the potential for increasing the cattle carrying-capacity per unit of pasture. The seasonal and spatial distribution of insects associated with a rice mill has been documented. The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne, was the most abundant stored-product insect associated with stored rice in northeast Arkansas. This project is on-going. It will provide information that will allow rice mills to have a better understanding on insect invasion rates and to more accurately predict where and when invasion from outside is important.
Publications
- Fiene, G.,Connior, M.B., R. Androw, B. Baldwin, and T. McKay. 2009. Surveys of Arkansas dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae): Phenologies, mass occurrences, state records, and a checklist and distribution record of the species of Arkansas. Am. Mid. Nat.(pending).
- Fiene, G. and T. McKay. 2009. Aggregation mechanisms influencing spatial distributions of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae), ESA Program and Abstract, Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN(http://esa.confex.com/esa/2009/webprogram/Paper44682.html).
- White, A. L. T. McKay, F. H. Arthur, J. F. Campbell. 2009. Population dynamics of stored-product insects at a rice mill in northeast Arkansas. ESA Program and Abstract, Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN(http://esa.confex.com/esa/2009/webprogram/Paper43051.html).
- Fiene, J. 2009. Species composition, seasonal activity, and aggregations of dung beetles on cattle pastures in AR. Arkansas State University, M.S. thesis, Jonesboro, Arkansas.
- Gaspar, J., T. McKay and M. Huss. 2009. Controlling mosquito larvae using fungi. The Jonesboro Sun 106(326).
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