Progress 01/01/13 to 06/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Commercial berry producers, home gardeners, and professionals who work in berry pest management. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Professional development opportunities included a presentation on project results at the 95th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society, March 27-30, 2011 in Waikoloa, HI, and a seminar at the University of Arkansas, Department of Entomology, March 19, 2010 in Fayetteville, AK. Interactions with participating caneberry researchers and extension specialists contributed to the knowledge base that developed this project. Additionally, participation in annual Utah Berry Grower Association educational meetings and field tours in each 2009 to 2013 was valuable to learning about caneberry production in Utah and pest management challenges. The numerous caneberry farm and producer visits conducted over the course of the project were extremely helpful in supporting the research goals and expanding the PI’s understanding of caneberry and pest issues. Consultations with hymenopteran systematists regarding the raspberry horntail parasitoids provided diagnostic and life history biology support to the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Project results and related information were disseminated to Utah berry producers and home gardeners via 25 presentations and 1035 face-to-face contacts and over 28,000 radio listeners during the four-year project period (2009-13). The presentation venues included 1) Utah Berry Grower Association winter meetings (Brigham City, February 11, 2009; Provo, January 21, 2010, and Brigham City, January 20, 2011) and field tours (Alpine, July 15, 2009; Kaysville, July 16, 2009); 2) Utah Master Gardener entomology classes, workshops, and field days (Castledale, February 26, 2009; Salt Lake City, June 13, 2009; Cedar City, February 23, 2010; St. George, February 24, 2010; Kanab, February 25, 2010; Kaysville and Salt Lake City, November 27, 2012; Brigham City and Kaysville, March 2013); 3) Utah Public Radio Gardening Show (April 17 and June 8, 2009); 4) community gardening classes (Orem, July 18, 2009; Orem, April 16, 2011); 5) Utah Natural Resources Conservation Service IPM Training Workshop (Ogden, December 3, 2009); 6) Extension Agent In-Service Workshops (Logan, March 2, 2010); 7) Utah Diversified Agriculture Conference (Richfield, February 21, 2011); 8) Western Region Agricultural Agents Association Conference (Kinnewick, WA, October 12-13, 2011); 9) Pesticide Applicator Education Workshops (Logan and Provo, December 4 and 12, 2012); and 10) Utah Small Farms Conference (Salt Lake City, February 27, 2012). Information delivered to presentation audiences included raspberry caneborer identification, biology and management; monitoring; use of a degree-day model to accurately time management tactics; biological control of raspberry horntail; susceptibility of fall- and summer-bearing raspberry cultivars to raspberry horntail and raspberry crown borer; and insecticide efficacy against raspberry horntail. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? None. Project has concluded.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1 & 2: Monitoring raspberry horntail infestation in caneberries was best achieved by looking for canes with wilted tips based on the degree-day model developed, and dissecting canes to determine horntail life stage and status. 3: A degree-day model was developed to predict emergence of raspberry horntail adults from overwintering cells in raspberry canes. Emergence was initiated at 500 DD (base 50F) and ended at 1760 DD. Average dates for the adult emergence period were June 12 to August 3. 4: Two ecto-parasitoids of raspberry horntail were found in surveys: a solitary ichneumon, and a gregarious pteromalid. Parasitism of horntail larvae peaked in mid- to late-July. Late-season parasitism provided supplemental pest suppression, but not stand-alone control. 5: Fall-bearing raspberry cultivars that were least susceptible to horntail included Autumn Britten, Autumn Treasure, Polana, Polka, Jaclyn, Summit, and Vintage out of 16 cultivars evaluated. For summer-bearers, Cascade Dawn, Cascade Delight, Cascade Gold, Cowichan, Chemainus, Coho, Moutere, Octavia, and Royalty were the least attractive to the horntail of 24 cultivars evaluated. 6 & 7: Contact insecticides applied to target horntail adult emergence were the most effective: pyrethroids and organophosphates. The systemic insecticide, imidacloprid (Admire Pro) was ineffective in protecting canes from attack. A pheromone lure for the raspberry crown borer was evaluated in monitoring traps. The pheromone was highly volatile and released quickly. Pheromone trials for raspberry crown borer were not pursued further. Project results were presented to producers at the annual Utah Berry Growers Association meeting and at semi-annual field tours at the USU research farm in Kaysville, UT. Home gardeners received training on project results in Master Gardener classes delivered throughout the state. The new cultivars were promoted to consumers at the Kaysville Farmers’ Market during 2012 and 2013. Surveys of berry grower perceptions and impacts were conducted in each 2010 and 2012. In 2012, 50% of respondents reported that caneberry acreage on their farm had increased in the last three years. Sixty-three percent planted new berry acreage in 2011 and 25% planned to do so in 2012. The most popular raspberry varieties planted in 2011 were Polana and Polka, and growers planned to plant Autumn Bliss and Autumn Britten in 2012. The most problematic berry pest reported in the survey was the raspberry horntail (by 75% of respondents). Thirty-eight percent of respondents said they had increased their management intensity of horntail in the last three years as a result of training about its biology and management. One hundred percent of survey respondents said that they had increased their knowledge about pest management in the last three years, and 88% reported improvements in pest management on their farm. The increased interest in planting raspberry acreage, selection of new varieties, and improved pest management reflects that producers have learned from the information generated in this project and delivered by project leaders with the Utah berry industry over the last three years.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Black, B. L., Lindstrom, T., Heflebower, R. F., Hunter, B., Olsen, S. H., Alston, D. G. (2013). Adaptability of primocane raspberry cultivars to a high-elevation arid climate. Journal of Amercian Pomological Society, 67(1), 47-56. http://www.pubhort.org/aps/
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Heflebower, R. F., Hunter, B., Olsen, S. H., Black, B. L., Alston, D. G., Lindstrom, T. (2013). A comparison of ten fall bearing raspberry cultivars for northern Utah (Horticulture/Fruit/2013-01PR ed., pp. 6 pp.). Logan, UT: Utah State University Extension. http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/Horticulture_Fruit_2013n-01pr.pdf
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Alston, D. G., Utah Pesticide Safety Education Program, "Insect pest management for ornamentals," Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, Clearfield, Ogden, and Logan, UT. (November 26, 2013 - December 3, 2013)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Alston, D. G. (Invited Lecture), Urban Small Farms Conference, "Berry-feeding insects," Utah Diversified Agriculture, Salt Lake City, UT. (February 27, 2013)
|
Progress 07/01/09 to 06/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Commercial berry producers, home gardeners, and professionals who work in berry pest management. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Professional development opportunities included a presentation on project results at the 95th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society, March 27-30, 2011 in Waikoloa, HI, and a seminar at the University of Arkansas, Department of Entomology, March 19, 2010 in Fayetteville, AK. Interactions with participating caneberry researchers and extension specialists contributed to the knowledge base that developed this project. Additionally, participation in annual Utah Berry Grower Association educational meetings and field tours in each 2009 to 2013 was valuable to learning about caneberry production in Utah and pest management challenges. The numerous caneberry farm and producer visits conducted over the course of the project were extremely helpful in supporting the research goals and expanding the PI’s understanding of caneberry and pest issues. Consultations with hymenopteran systematists regarding the raspberry horntail parasitoids provided diagnostic and life history biology support to the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Project results and related information were disseminated to Utah berry producers and home gardeners via 25 presentations and 1035 face-to-face contacts and over 28,000 radio listeners during the four-year project period (2009-13). The presentation venues included 1) Utah Berry Grower Association winter meetings (Brigham City, February 11, 2009; Provo, January 21, 2010, and Brigham City, January 20, 2011) and field tours (Alpine, July 15, 2009; Kaysville, July 16, 2009); 2) Utah Master Gardener entomology classes, workshops, and field days (Castledale, February 26, 2009; Salt Lake City, June 13, 2009; Cedar City, February 23, 2010; St. George, February 24, 2010; Kanab, February 25, 2010; Kaysville and Salt Lake City, November 27, 2012; Brigham City and Kaysville, March 2013); 3) Utah Public Radio Gardening Show (April 17 and June 8, 2009); 4) community gardening classes (Orem, July 18, 2009; Orem, April 16, 2011); 5) Utah Natural Resources Conservation Service IPM Training Workshop (Ogden, December 3, 2009); 6) Extension Agent In-Service Workshops (Logan, March 2, 2010); 7) Utah Diversified Agriculture Conference (Richfield, February 21, 2011); 8) Western Region Agricultural Agents Association Conference (Kinnewick, WA, October 12-13, 2011); 9) Pesticide Applicator Education Workshops (Logan and Provo, December 4 and 12, 2012); and 10) Utah Small Farms Conference (Salt Lake City, February 27, 2012). Information delivered to presentation audiences included raspberry caneborer identification, biology and management; monitoring; use of a degree-day model to accurately time management tactics; biological control of raspberry horntail; susceptibility of fall- and summer-bearing raspberry cultivars to raspberry horntail and raspberry crown borer; and insecticide efficacy against raspberry horntail. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? None. Project has concluded.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1 & 2: Monitoring raspberry horntail infestation in caneberries was best achieved by looking for canes with wilted tips based on the degree-day model developed, and dissecting canes to determine horntail life stage and status. 3: A degree-day model was developed to predict emergence of raspberry horntail adults from overwintering cells in raspberry canes. Emergence was initiated at 500 DD (base 50F) and ended at 1760 DD. Average dates for the adult emergence period were June 12 to August 3. 4: Two ecto-parasitoids of raspberry horntail were found in surveys: a solitary ichneumon, and a gregarious pteromalid. Parasitism of horntail larvae peaked in mid- to late-July. Late-season parasitism provided supplemental pest suppression, but not stand-alone control. 5: Fall-bearing raspberry cultivars that were least susceptible to horntail included Autumn Britten, Autumn Treasure, Polana, Polka, Jaclyn, Summit, and Vintage out of 16 cultivars evaluated. For summer-bearers, Cascade Dawn, Cascade Delight, Cascade Gold, Cowichan, Chemainus, Coho, Moutere, Octavia, and Royalty were the least attractive to the horntail of 24 cultivars evaluated. 6 & 7: Contact insecticides applied to target horntail adult emergence were the most effective: pyrethroids and organophosphates. The systemic insecticide, imidacloprid (Admire Pro) was ineffective in protecting canes from attack. A pheromone lure for the raspberry crown borer was evaluated in monitoring traps. The pheromone was highly volatile and released quickly. Pheromone trials for raspberry crown borer were not pursued further. Project results were presented to producers at the annual Utah Berry Growers Association meeting and at semi-annual field tours at the USU research farm in Kaysville, UT. Home gardeners received training on project results in Master Gardener classes delivered throughout the state. The new cultivars were promoted to consumers at the Kaysville Farmers’ Market during 2012 and 2013. Surveys of berry grower perceptions and impacts were conducted in each 2010 and 2012. In 2012, 50% of respondents reported that caneberry acreage on their farm had increased in the last three years. Sixty-three percent planted new berry acreage in 2011 and 25% planned to do so in 2012. The most popular raspberry varieties planted in 2011 were Polana and Polka, and growers planned to plant Autumn Bliss and Autumn Britten in 2012. The most problematic berry pest reported in the survey was the raspberry horntail (by 75% of respondents). Thirty-eight percent of respondents said they had increased their management intensity of horntail in the last three years as a result of training about its biology and management. One hundred percent of survey respondents said that they had increased their knowledge about pest management in the last three years, and 88% reported improvements in pest management on their farm. The increased interest in planting raspberry acreage, selection of new varieties, and improved pest management reflects that producers have learned from the information generated in this project and delivered by project leaders with the Utah berry industry over the last three years.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Black, B. L., Lindstrom, T., Heflebower, R. F., Hunter, B., Olsen, S. H., Alston, D. G. (2013). Adaptability of primocane raspberry cultivars to a high-elevation arid climate. Journal of Amercian Pomological Society, 67(1), 47-56. http://www.pubhort.org/aps/
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Heflebower, R. F., Hunter, B., Olsen, S. H., Black, B. L., Alston, D. G., Lindstrom, T. (2013). A comparison of ten fall bearing raspberry cultivars for northern Utah (Horticulture/Fruit/2013-01PR ed., pp. 6 pp.). Logan, UT: Utah State University Extension. http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/Horticulture_Fruit_2013n-01pr.pdf
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Alston, D. G., Utah Pesticide Safety Education Program, "Insect pest management for ornamentals," Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, Clearfield, Ogden, and Logan, UT. (November 26, 2013 - December 3, 2013)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Alston, D. G. (Invited Lecture), Urban Small Farms Conference, "Berry-feeding insects," Utah Diversified Agriculture, Salt Lake City, UT. (February 27, 2013)
|
Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: "Activities: Objective 1. Determine the life history and behavior of raspberry horntail in red raspberry and blackberry. Raspberry horntail life stages were monitored in six raspberry cultivars at two commercial farms during 2012. Raspberry canes with suspect horntail infestation (wilted cane tips) were collected from May through July. Canes were dissected and the size of larvae, tunnel length and height above the cane base, and presence of parasitoid wasps were recorded. 2. Develop and refine monitoring methods and thresholds for the three species of caneboring insects. Continued validation of horntail monitoring methods through sampling conducted for Objective 1. 3. Develop phenology models to predict timing of life stages (egg, larva, pupa, and adult emergence) in relation to degree days for the three species of caneborers in Utah. Fifty raspberry canes from each of two commercial farms were collected on May 8, 14, 22, 30, and June 5 and 13, and placed in emergence cages in the laboratory to allow for adult horntail emergence. Emergence cages were checked three times each week and the number of newly emerged adults recorded. After adult emergence, canes with exit holes were dissected to measure tunnel length and height above the cane base. A degree-day model to predict adult emergence will be developed during the winter of 2012-13 and validated in 2013. Parasitoids attacking raspberry horntail larvae were counted and collected during raspberry cane sampling conducted as part of Objectives 1 and 3. The 2006 raspberry planting at the USU Kaysville research farm was removed in spring 2012. Commercial growers were advised on timing of insecticides to control raspberry horntail based on adult emergence data from cane sampling. Information on insecticide efficacy and other management practices was collected from commercial growers through a survey in February 2012. Events: Presentations on project results were made at the following conferences, workshops, and field days (number of face-to-face contacts given in parentheses) during 2012: Northern Utah Fruit Grower Meeting, Feb 16 (45); Utah Berry Grower Association Winter Conference, Feb 23 (65); Salt Lake City Horticulture Spotlight Lecture, Apr 23 (25); Central Utah Gardens Lecture, May 12 (50); USU Kaysville Research Farm Field Day, Aug 16 (25); and Master Gardener In-Depth Plant Pest Diagnostic Training, Nov 27 (50). Total face-to-face contacts for 2012 where results from this project were shared = 260 people. Products: During 2012 and related to this project, two call-in radio show programs included information on caneberry pests that reached a total of 28,000 listeners; two new Extension fact sheets were written (one each on summer- and fall-bearing raspberry cultivars and pests; both fact sheets have undergone external peer review and are under final revision for publication on the USU Extension web site); and one research article was written and accepted for publication in 2013 in the Journal of American Pomological Society." PARTICIPANTS: "Individuals: Principal Investigator: 1. Diane Alston, Department of Biology, Utah State University (USU) - designed, conducted, and supervised the research, and led the outreach efforts on berry caneborer education Research Collaborators: 1. Brent Black, Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, USU - provided the summer- and fall-bearing raspberry research plots at the Kaysville research farm Research Assistants: 1. Thor Lindstrom, Research Associate, USU Agricultural Experiment Station, Kaysville, UT - provided research assistance and supervised caneberry plot maintenance 2. Marion Murray, IPM Project Leader, USU - provided research assistance Grower Cooperators: 1. Merv Weeks, Weeks Berry Farm, Paradise, UT 2. Craig Floyd, Laketown, UT 3. Roger Bennett, Alpine, UT 4. David Cornaby, Salem, UT Partner Organizations: 1. Utah State University Agricultural Experiment Station - provided land, infrastructure, and personnel support of orchard research plots 2. Utah Berry Growers Association - a state berry industry organization 3. Natural Resources Conservation Service - a partner in education and delivery of research information to the fruit industries of the state 4. Utah Department of Agriculture and Food - a partner in education and delivery of research information to the fruit industries of the state 5. Utah berry growers" TARGET AUDIENCES: Berry growers, home gardeners, USU Extension County Agents, state and federal agency personnel who work with the berry industry (e.g., UDAF, NRCS), and the community of research and extension faculty who work with fruit pest management PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No caneborers have been detected in blackberry canes in the first two years of the project, and so blackberry sampling has been discontinued.
Impacts
Raspberry growers and home gardeners learned new insect pest monitoring methods and pest timing recommendations from project outputs, and were able to properly time insecticide applications and reduce the number of total applications from three to one or two for the year. For the 80 acres of raspberries monitored in 2011, the average increase in profitability from horntail control was approximately $325 per acre for a total increase in profits of $26,000.
Publications
- Heflebower, R. F., Hunter, B., Olsen, S. H., Black, B. L., Alston, D. G., Lindstrom, T. (2012) Selecting fall-bearing raspberry cultivars. Utah State University Extension:(Horticulture/Fruit/2012-03PR): 6 pp.. (Accepted).
- Hunter, B., Heflebower, R. F., Olsen, S. H., Black, B. L., Alston, D. G., Lindstrom, T. (2012) Selecting summer-bearing raspberry cultivars for Utah. Utah State University Extension:(Horticulture/Fruit/2012-02PR): 6 pp.. (Revising to Resubmit).
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities: The following experiments were conducted in 2011 (the relevant project objectives are given in parentheses): 1) a third year of data collection on the evaluation of the susceptibility of 17 summer- and 10 fall-bearing cultivars of raspberry to raspberry horntail infestation (Obj. 5), 2) survey of parasitoid wasps attacking raspberry horntail larvae in research and commercial raspberry plantings (Obj. 4), 3) establishing the life history, phenology, and behavior of raspberry horntail throughout the season and continued validation of horntail sampling methods (Objs. 1, 2, and 3), and 4) determining the timing of spring emergence of adult raspberry horntail and construction of a degree-day model to predict adult emergence and optimal pest control timing (Objs. 3 and 6). Events: Presentations on project results were made at the following conferences, workshops, and field days (number of face-to-face contacts given in parentheses) during 2011: Utah Berry Growers Association Winter Meeting, Jan 20 (45); 95th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society of America, Mar 27-30 (30); Central Utah Gardens Lecture, Apr 16 (80); Utah Berry Growers Association Summer Farm Tour, Aug 11 (12); Master Gardener State Conference, Sep 23-24 (35). Total face-to-face contacts for 2012 where results from this project were shared = 202 people. Products: During 2011 and related to this project, one newsletter article was published that reached 3,144 subscribers; eight call-in radio show programs included information on caneberry pests that reached a total of 112,000 listeners; and two IPM advisory newsletters with information on caneberry insect activity and management reached 4,297 subscribers (distributed by email and online June 16 and July 29). PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: Principal Investigator: 1. Diane Alston, Department of Biology, Utah State University (USU) - designed, conducted, and supervised the research Research Collaborators: 1. Brent Black, Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, USU - provided the summer- and fall-bearing raspberry research plots at the Kaysville research farm 2. Gary Judd, Research Scientist, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada - provided the raspberry crown borer pheromone lures for experimental testing Research Assistants: 1. Thor Lindstrom, Research Associate, USU Agricultural Experiment Station, Kaysville, UT - provided research assistance and supervised caneberry plot maintenance 2. Marion Murray, IPM Project Leader, USU - provided research assistance Grower Cooperators: 1. Merv Weeks, Weeks Berry Farm, Paradise, UT 2. Craig Floyd, Laketown, UT 3. Roger Bennett, Alpine, UT 4. David Cornaby, Salem, UT Partner Organizations: 1. Utah State University Agricultural Experiment Station - provided land, infrastructure, and personnel support of orchard research plots 2. Utah Berry Growers Association - a state berry industry organization 3. Natural Resources Conservation Service - a partner in education and delivery of research information to the fruit industries of the state 4. Utah Department of Agriculture and Food - a partner in education and delivery of research information to the fruit industries of the state 5. Utah berry growers TARGET AUDIENCES: Berry growers, home gardeners, USU Extension County Agents, state and federal agency personnel who work with the berry industry (e.g., UDAF, NRCS), and the community of research and extension faculty who work with fruit pest management PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
1. Raspberry growers and home gardeners learned new insect pest monitoring methods and pest timing recommendations from project outputs, and were able to properly time insecticide applications and reduce the number of total applications from three to one or two for the year. For the 80 acres of raspberries monitored in 2011, the average increase in profitability from horntail control was approximately $325 per acre for a total increase in profits of $26,000. 2. During 2011, optimal caneborer control timing recommendations were provided by this project and accessed by 4,297 people via the Utah Small Fruit and Vegetable IPM Advisory, a free subscription newsletter. These recommendations helped raspberry growers reduce their insecticide use and obtain better control of pests with properly timed sprays. Growers reduced their use of higher toxicity insecticides and conserved beneficial insects and mites; thus, improving biological control of raspberry horntail and spider mites.
Publications
- UTAO+0633 Alston, D. G., 2011. Raspberry cane damage abundant in 2011, Utah Pests News, Utah State University Extension, 5(Fall). (Published).
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: 1. Research results on caneborers were presented to approx. 60 growers and home gardeners at the USU Kaysville Fruit and Vegetable Research Field Day on August 17, 2010. 2. Two Extension fact sheets on caneberry pests were written: A. Raspberry Horntail by D. G. Alston, B. Black and M. Murray B. Spotted Wing Drosophila by R. S. Davis, D. Alston and C. Vorel 3. A pre-project survey was conducted at the 2010 Utah Berry Growers Assoc winter educational meeting (10 respondents). Survey results found that the three most popular raspberry varieties are Caroline, Joan J and Polana. A majority of the growers planted new acreage in 2009, and plan to again in 2010 (56% response rate for each). Thirty percent of the respondents had visited the raspberry variety trial at the USU Kaysville research station. Raspberry horntail, spider mites, and grasshoppers were listed as the top three insect pests. The majority of growers use insecticides (67%) and pruning (56%) to manage insect pests, while 33% use ground covers and 11% rely on natural enemies. 4. Research progress on raspberry caneborers: A. Raspberry horntail phenology: Infestation levels were similar among summer- and fall-bearing varieties between 2009 and 2010. Larvae were first detected in canes about one week earlier in 2009 (June 24) than in 2010 (July 1). Densities peaked in early July in both years, and then declined through mid August. B. Biological control: Parasitism of horntail larvae by several species of parasitic wasps ranged from 0 to 100% during 2009 and 2010. Parasitism peaked in late July in both years, and was slightly higher in 2009 than 2010. Parasitism of horntail larvae infesting summer-bearing raspberry canes was higher than for fall-bearing raspberries in both years. C. Raspberry vareity susceptibility: Royalty, Cascade Dawn and Cascade Delight were the most resistant summer-bearing varieties, and Polana, Caroline and Summit were the most resistant fall-bearing varieties in 2009-10. D. Insecticide control: Five treatments were set up in a randomized complete block design in 'Himbo Top' raspberries: 1)Untreated check, 2) Grower Standard, Sevin XLR @ 2 qt per acre, 3) Movento 240SC @ 5 oz per acre, 4) Movento 240SC @ 8 oz per acre, and 5) Admire Pro @ 14 oz per acre. Treatments 2-4 were applied to canes and foliage soon after vigorous growth of new canes began and repeated twice. Foliar treatments (Trts 2-4) were applied with a Solo Mistblower backpack sprayer @ 50 gpa. Application dates: May 5 and 20, and June 2. Admire (Trt 5) was applied post-bloom as a soil drench with a directed spray nozzle @ 500 gpa on July 7. Cane infestation peaked at 2.25 larvae per 10-ft plot during July, but then declined to zero in late July and early August. There were differences in infestation levels among dates, but there were no differences among treatments, nor were there treatment X date interactions. The cool, wet spring conditions delayed the horntail population in 2010 as compared to 2009. Horntail densities were low, and differences among treatments were not discernable. PARTICIPANTS: Utah Berry Growers Association Utah Department of Agriculture and Food Dr. Brent Black, USU Fruit Specialist Marion Murray, USU IPM Project Leader TARGET AUDIENCES: Berry growers USU Extension County Agents and Horticulture Specialists State and federal agency personnel who work with the berry industry (e.g., UDAF, NRCS) PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
1. Northern Utah raspberry growers applied one or two insecticide applications to reduce raspberry horntail adult population densities when adults were first detected in the region based on field sampling. Accurate timing of insect control reduced horntail infestation levels by an average of 50% on approx. 76 acres of raspberry. The average increase in profitability from horntail control was approx. $300 per acre for a total increase in profits of $22,800.
Publications
- Alston, D., Kopp, K. 2010. Turgrass cultural practices and insect pest management. Utah State University Cooperative Extension, Logan, UT. Issue ENT-138-10, pg. 1-4.
- Davis, R., Alston, D., Vorel, C. . 2010. Spotted wing drosophila. Fact Sheet-Extension, Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory, Logan, UT. Issue ENT-140-10, 3 pp.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Research Studies: 1. Determination of raspberry horntail biology and behavior in raspberry in northern Utah (Alston). We followed the phenology of the raspberry horntail in 17 summer-bearing and 10 fall-bearing varieties of raspberry. We learned that eggs are laid near the base of canes, that young larvae tunnel upwards in a spiral pattern feeding in the cambium, that larvae feed heavily near the cane tip that may cause leaf necrosis and tip wilt, and that older larvae make a U-turn at the tip and tunnel with their head facing downwards in the center pith of the cane to 10-30 cm from the cane base and then make another U-turn with their head upwards and construct an overwintering chamber, that mature larvae spend the winter in this silk-lined chamber and then pupate and emerge the following spring. Future studies will determine the degree-day (temperature) requirements for pupation and adult emergence. 2. Evaluation of susceptibility of raspberry varieties (summer- and fall-bearing) to caneboring insects (Alston and Black). These results were reported in the joint-project with Brent Black, UTA618. 3. Evaluation of mating disruption (MD) for management of currant borer (Murray and Alston). Capture of currant borer adults in pheromone-baited traps was almost completely shut down in the MD plot, whereas, several hundred moths were caught in the non-MD plot. Currant borers were found in similar densities within currant canes of both MD and non-MD plots. We speculate that more than one year of MD will be required to lower currant borer populations adequately to reduce cane injury. A second year of the study will be conducted in 2010. Publications Related to Project: 1. Alston, D., B. Black, and M. Murray. 2009. Raspberry horntail (Hartigia cressonii). Utah Pests Fact Sheet ENT-132-09 (4 pp.), Utah State University Extension, Logan, UT. 2. Alston, D. 2009. New fruit fly pest rapidly expands its distribution in the West during 2009. Utah Berry Growers Association Newsletter Vol. 3, Issue 2: 3-4. Utah State University Extension, Logan, UT. 3. Alston, D. 2009. Raspberry horntails severe in 2009. Utah Pests News Vol. 3, Issue 4 (Fall 2009): 5-6. Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory and Utah State University Extension, Logan, UT. 4. Alston, D. 2009. The right trap for the right wasp. Utah Pests News Vol. 3, Issue 3 (Summer 2009): 6. Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory and Utah State University Extension, Logan, UT. Grants Related to the Project (Submitted and Awarded): 1. Utah Department of Agriculture and Food (UDAF)-Specialty Crop Block Grant (SCBG) for $5,909 (2010) (Murray and Alston to study a second year of currant borer mating disruption. 2. SCBG-UDAF for $9,510 (2010) (Black and Alston) to study the susceptibility of raspberry varieties to caneborers and effects on fruit yield and quality. (Also reported in UTA618 report). PARTICIPANTS: Utah Berry Growers Association Utah Department of Agriculture and Food Dr. Brent Black, USU Fruit Specialist Marion Murray, USU IPM Project Leader TARGET AUDIENCES: Berry growers USU Extension County Agents and Horticulture Specialists State and federal agency personnel who work with the berry industry (e.g., UDAF, NRCS) PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Outcomes and impacts of caneborer research have been promoted through presentations to the berry industry and through publications (outreach). 1. New information on raspberry horntail biology and behavior is helping berry growers better time control tactics. Current studies are assessing their overwintering behavior and survival in canes, and will support predictions of adult emergence in the spring based on degree-days (temperature-based phenology). This information will be invaluable to berry growers because there are no effective traps to monitor adult emergence and determine optimal timing to prevent egg-laying and cane infestation. 2. Studies in the raspberry variety plots managed by Dr. Brent Black at the Kaysville research station found variation in susceptibility of summer- and fall-bearing varieties to the raspberry horntail (RHT). These results were delivered to berry growers at summer meetings and published in the raspberry horntail fact sheeet. The traditional Utah summer variety,'Canby', is highly susceptible to RHT, while 'Cascade Dawn' and 'Cascade Delight' were the least susceptible. The traditional Utah fall variety, 'Heritage', was the most suscepbile fall variety to RHT included in the test. In contrast, 'HimboTop', 'Polana', and 'JoanJ' were significantly less suseptible to RHT. These results will allow Utah berry growers to select more tolerant raspberry varieties for planting that will reduce their pest management costs and loss crop loss to RHT. 3. 2009 studies on currant borer mating disruption (MD) were variable, most likely because the size of the currant field treated with MD was too small and in too close of proximity to distinguish differences with untreated fields. Application of curant borer MD dispensers to the field completely shut down trap catch of currant borer moths, suggesting efficacy of the technique if plot size and position issues can be corrected. A second year of funding was obtained for this study and experiments in 2010 will correct the plot interference issues. These results will help currant growers move to an insect management technique that does not rely on application of pesticides. This will reduce the release of pesticides into the environement, and protect ecoystem and human health.
Publications
- Alston, D. 2009. Raspberry Horntails Severe in 2009. Utah Pests News 3, Fall 2009:5-6.
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