Progress 01/01/09 to 06/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Audiences that were impacted by my work are local stormwater planning departments, and watershed action groups comprised of local citizens, academics and agency personnel. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training activities - Nine undergraduate students, three graduate students, and a post doctoral scholar under my direct supervision and two other graduate students that I co-advised recieved training on how to measure and analyze hydrologic processes in coastal watersheds. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The results of this project have been disseminated through several talks, meetings and lectures primarily to stormwater agencies and local citizens. I have also published this work in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings directed towards the academic community. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Over five years, a significant knowledge base of the functioning of coastal hydrologic processes has accumulated under the aegis of this project. This knowledge has led to the implementation of several sustainable riparian management practices that have improved water quality and quantity in several miles of channelized streams. Much of this knowledge has also been presented at meetings and public forums, thereby increasing the level of awareness about the sustainable management of water resources in SC. The combination of improved awareness and on-the-ground implementation of this research has empowered the citizenry and improved the availability of clean and safe water in the state. Research and extension efforts carried out through this project have aimed to conserve the use of energy and finances related to managing water resources; efforts that will ultimately translate as cost savings to the average taxpayer. These low impact development approaches ensure that over time, the cost of water resource management is a fraction of the cost typically incurred by standard water management strategies. These approaches also rely on enhancing the resiliency of water management systems to weather and changing climate. Over the past five years, collaborative efforts partly funded through this project have ensured that 80 miles of channelized streams in Horry County, SC, are no longer subject to ‘ditch dipping' – a practice that has both high economic and ecological costs. Additionally, I have worked with local agencies on the restoration of 6,000 linear feet of urban streams, designed one in-stream sediment retaining structure, two rain gardens and one bioswale. Each practice is anticipated to improve water quality and the management of stormwater runoff. A “no dipping except for complete blockage” policy has been implemented by the Horry County Stormwater Management Program effective September 2010, across 8 watersheds in that county. Specific Research Objectives Research Objective 1: Develop a framework to quantify pre- and post-development flows in coastal watersheds: a) Major activities completed/experiments conducted: Two watersheds that represented the two ends of the development spectrum in coastal watersheds- an urbanizing watershed and a forested watershed were instrumented specifically for flow comparisons. Eighteen other watersheds in the Pee Dee drainage basin were also instrumented to measure flow rates. b) Data collected: Five years of flow data from the forested and urban watersheds. Three years of flow data from 18 sites in the Pee Dee drainage basin. c) Summary statistics and discussion of results: The work showed that urbanization in coastal watersheds results in a substantial increase in the amount of precipitation that shows up as runoff when compared to similar forested watersheds. Additionally, the elevation of the water table plays a significant role in determining what percentage of rainfall ended up as runoff in the stream. Land use was an important driver of stream flashiness, with streams having more wetlands in their riparian zones tending towards experiencing less flashy flows. d) Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: Over the period of the project three peer reviewed journals and several conference proceedings and talks have been presented. Research Objective 2: Model relative changes to instream hydraulics and sediment transport due to the urbanization of coastal plain watersheds. a) Major activities completed/experiments conducted: Sediment yield from an urbanizing watershed in Horry County, SC was quantified through this project and compared to sediment load from a similar but forested watershed. b) Data collected: Suspended sediment concentrations for five storms in a forested and urban watershed amounting to 240 storm samples. These storm sample were then classified in terms of organic or inorganic fractions. Turbidity data were collected over 5 years in both watersheds. Additionally, suspended sediment concentrations were collected at 18 sites in the Pee Dee drainage basin over a period of 3 years. c) Summary statistics and discussion of results: The data showed that specific sediment yield from the urban watershed was almost eight times that exported from a similar forested watershed. d) Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: The key outcome of this work was quantitfyng the significant influence that urbanization and channelization has coastal watersheds in terms of sediment exported to sensitive downstream receiving waters. Research Objective 3: Model alternative stormwater management strategies that incorporate natural ecosystem processes to enhance the management of stormwater on urbanizing watersheds. a) Major activities completed/experiments conducted: We developed a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model to simulate current hydrodynamic conditions in the urbanized channel, and how alternative channel configurations might affect these hydrodynamic conditions. b) Data collected: Channel bathymetric surveys, LiDAR and data, aerial imagery and GIS datafiles obtained from the the county stormwater department. Downstream flow and stage data obtained from the USGS. c) Summary statistics and discussion of results: Alternative two stage channels are capable of increasing stream stability by reducing in-channel shear stresses and decreased flow velocities. In terms of earthwork involved, the most value in terms of shear stress reduction per unit of earthwork removed would occur in the headwater reaches of the system as opposed to work carried out in the main stem. d) Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: Conversations with local stormwater agencies to retrofit existing stormwater ditches have begun. Several new ditches in Horry County are slated to be designed as two-stage ditches. The one-dimensional model that was developed will be further refined for flood inundation studies in the area.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Jayakaran, Anand D., Susan M. Libes, Daniel R. Hitchcock, Natasha L. Bell, and David Fuss, 2013. Flow, Organic, and Inorganic Sediment Yields from a Channelized Watershed in the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-20. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12148
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Jayakaran, Anand D., Tom M. Williams, Herbert Ssegane, Devendra M. Amatya, Bo Song, Carl C. Trettin [Accepted as a discussion paper on 9/12/13]. Hurricane impacts on a pair of coastal forested watersheds: Implications of selective hurricane damage to forest structure and streamflow dynamics. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussion Paper (hess-2013-383), 10, 11519-11557, doi:10.5194/hessd-10-11519-2013
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities: Efforts to quantify the impacts of urbanization on sediment and runoff continued. A comparative study of an urban stream and forested stream was concluded during the period. Flow and sediment data from both watersheds were analyzed and in process for submittal to peer-review. The work documents the impacts of urbanization on coastal watersheds in terms of flow and sediment changes, and proposes alternatives for stream management (Jayakaran et al., 2012a). Research to support restoration efforts in degraded stream systems (Mecklenburg and Jayakaran, 2012) were expanded to a stream in Florence, SC that has seen severe impairment by bank failure and high fecal contamination. A two-stage ditch approach was designed for the stream system and efforts to secure funding were undertaken. In 2012, a study on 17 sites in the Pee Dee watershed continued to provide important instream flow conditions within mixed use watersheds. Based on this research, two journal manuscripts are currently in preparation. In 2012, I successfully obtained funds to assess ecohydrologic functioning of bioretention cells - a key component to effective management water of resources in urbanizing watersheds. The project enables co-P.I. Daniel Hitchcock and I to evaluate hydrologic efficiencies of bioretention cells. Five bioretention practices were equipped with rain gauges, groundwater sampling wells, soil moisture arrays, inflow and outflow sampling devices. As a basis for comparison, I helped develop a research study to examine groundwater dynamics, soil moisture variation, and sap flow flux from selected trees in an unmodified wetland. Thirty groundwater wells, 8 soil moisture plots, and 12 trees were instrumented as part of this project. We collected data over the entire growing season and are currently analyzing the data. We anticipate a greater understanding of soil-water dynamics in natural wetland ecosystems through this research, an understanding that will help to guide the management of water resources in the face of coastal development. Events: Over the year of reporting, I attended several professional meetings to present work on the impacts of urbanization on coastal water resources. Services: I continue to serve on the Crabtree Canal Restoration Initiative as an advisory member. I mentored three undergraduate students over the summer of 2012. Recruited a new graduate student to begin work on a master's thesis to examine efficiencies of bioretention cells installed in coastal urbanizing watersheds. In collaboration with other faculty and extension personnel, a "Stream Restoration" team was formed to address issues related to stream management in SC. Products: A database comprising flow and sediment observations for streams in 1 urban, 17 mixed use, 1 agricultural, and 1 undeveloped watershed. A database comprising groundwater and soil moisture dynamics in 5 urban bioretention practices. A database comprising groundwater, soil moisture, and sap flux dynamics from a natural wetland ecosystem. One journal manuscript for review, and collaborated on two published manuscripts. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Daniel Hitchcock, Asst. Professor, Clemson University- CoPI on two projects to collect water quality information on urban, mixed and forested watersheds. Dr. Susan Libes, Professor of Marine Chemistry, Coastal Carolina University - CoPI on a study to measure rates of sediment transport in a stream in an urbanizing watershed. Dr. Tom Williams, Emeritus Professor, Forestry, Clemson University collaborator in a stream restoration project in the city of Conway. Dr. Dara Park, CoPI on a project to determine minimum instream flows in the Pee Dee River basin. Dr. Erik Smith, National Estuarine Research Reserve - Collaborator on marsh dynamics study. Tom Garigen and Dave Fuss - Horry County Stormwater. Tracy Jones - Georgetown County, Stormwater division manager. Paul Conrads - United States Geological Survey. Dr. Devendra Amatya, Dr. Carl Trettin, USDA Forest Service - Collaborators on manuscript and proposal writing efforts targeted at understanding forested hydrology in coastal watersheds. Dr. Herbert Ssegane, University of Georgia - manuscript writing efforts. TARGET AUDIENCES: Local stormwater planning departments, and watershed action groups comprised of local citizens, academics and agency personnel. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Change in knowledge: The impacts on flow and sediment transport in coastal landscapes brought about by ditching and stream modification has become more relevant through my research and extension efforts. Efforts to rehabilitate degraded streams in the region now include a site in Florence County as well as previously reported sites in Horry County. In Horry County, an additional site (Jenkins Property Site) in the Crabtree Canal drainage network has been identified for restoration by the county stormwater management program. In all cases, we were approached by local agencies to provide input. The reconnection of the channelized stream to a constructed wetland has been the restoration measure chosen for all sites. Change in actions: As an outcome of work carried out on this project, 80 miles of channelized streams in Horry County, SC, are no longer subject to "ditch dipping" - a practice that has both high economic and ecological costs (Jayakaran et al., 2012b). Change in conditions: Nothing to report in this category as yet.
Publications
- Epps, T. H., D. R. Hitchcock, A. D. Jayakaran, D. R. Loflin, T. M. Williams, and D. M. Amatya. 2013a in press. Curve Number Derivation for Watersheds Draining Two Headwater Streams in Lower Coastal Plain South Carolina, USA. Journal of American Water Resources Association.
- Epps, T. H., D. R. Hitchcock, A. D. Jayakaran, D. R. Loflin, T. M. Williams, and D. M. Amatya. 2013b. Characterization of Storm Flow Dynamics of Headwater Streams in Lower Coastal Plain South Carolina. Journal of American Water Resources Association. 49(1):76-89. JAWRA-12-0087-P.R1
- Hitchcock D. R., A.D. Jayakaran, T.H. Epps, T.M. Williams, W.H. Conner, B. Song, K. Giacalone and C. B. Sawyer. 2012. Guiding Sustainable Land Use Strategies: Green Infrastructure Research and Education for Coastal Communities. 2012 Land Grant and Sea Grant National Water Conference, Portland, Oregon (May 2012)
- Mecklenburg, D. E. and A.D. Jayakaran. 2012. Dimensioning the Sine-Generated Curve Meander Geometry. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 48(3): 635-642. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00638.x
- Jayakaran A.D., S.M. Libes, D. R. Hitchcock, and D. Fuss. 2012a. Comparing flow and sediment dynamics in an urban and forested stream in the Lower Coastal Plains of South Carolina. Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina (October 2012).
- Jayakaran A.D., S.M. Libes, D. R. Hitchcock, and D. Fuss. 2012b. Managing modified Coastal Plain streams in South Carolina. American Ecological Engineering Society's 12th Annual Meeting. Syracuse, New York (June 2012).
- Jayakaran A.D., S.M. Libes, D. R. Hitchcock, and D. Fuss. 2012c. Managing modified Coastal Plain streams in South Carolina. 2012 Land Grant and Sea Grant National Water Conference, Portland, Oregon (May 2012).
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities: I furthered research related to the impacts of urbanization on flow and sediments in coastal watersheds. Building upon previous years' efforts to quantify the effects of restoring 2400ft of floodplain in a section of urban ditch, this year we established 10 monumented transects on the restored floodplain that were surveyed and tied into a benchmark for spatial reference. Additionally, stage data were analyzed to determine inundation frequency. Stage loggers were deployed for 160 days at either end of the restored reach. Data showed that the constructed floodplain was inundated frequently offering the potential for sediment deposition, nutrient cycling and improved habitat. For comparison, an experiment to relate turbidity in an undeveloped coastal stream was completed. An undergraduate student analyzed flow/sediment data and wrote an undergraduate honors thesis. This work provided material for a journal manuscript in preparation. A study to measure water quality and quantity at 4 sites on the Edisto Research and Education Center was also completed in 2011. Measurements of flow and sediment dynamics in three streams and a pond that drains an agricultural watershed were obtained. These data are being analyzed and prepared for a journal manuscript. In 2011, a study on 17 sites in the Pee Dee watershed continued to provide important instream flow conditions within mixed use watersheds. Seventeen streams were surveyed for channel form, bed material, and instream flow and temperature information; flow and temperature were measured continuously. Based on this research, a graduate student completed and successfully defended his masters research. His thesis is the basis of two journal manuscripts currently in preparation. Finally, a study to examine sediment dynamics in a coastal marsh initiated during the previous reporting period was repeated in 2011. The study refined a previous study on sediment dynamics on the marsh platform. Funding for one summer undergraduate student was obtained; sediment accumulation rates and particle size distribution of sediment accumulating over marker tiles were measured over two months. The previous year's work involved quantifying sediment dynamics in the spatial domain. This year we examined sediment deposition in the temporal domain. Results from this work were presented at a conference on the importance of tidal creeks in the face of landscape development. Services: I continue to serve on the Crabtree Canal Restoration Initiative as an advisory member. I mentored and advised an undergraduate student who completed her undergraduate honors thesis in May 2011. Successfully mentored a graduate student who successfully defended his masters thesis and graduated in December 2011. Products: A flood inundation map showing inundation frequency in a restored stormwater canal. A database comprising flow and sediment observations for streams in 1 urban, 17 mixed use, 1 agricultural, and 1 undeveloped watershed. 1 masters graduate student and 1 undergraduate honors student thesis in Biosystems Engineering. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Daniel Hitchcock, Asst. Professor, Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University- CoPI on a project to collect water quality information on an undeveloped watershed that I had instrumented to measure stream flow rates. Dr. Susan Libes, Professor of Marine Chemistry, Coastal Carolina University - CoPI on a study to measure rates of sediment transport in a stream in an urbanizing watershed. Dr. Tom Williams, Emeritus Professor, Forestry, Clemson University collaborator in a stream restoration project in the city of Conway. Dr. Dara Park, CoPI on a project to determine minimum instream flows in the Pee Dee River basin. Dr. Erik Smith, National Estuarine Research Reserve - Collaborator on marsh dynamics study. Tom Garigen and Dave Fuss - Horry County Stormwater. Tracy Jones - Georgetown County, Stormwater division manager. Paul Conrads - United States Geological Survey TARGET AUDIENCES: Audiences that were impacted by my work are local stormwater planning departments, and watershed action groups comprised of local citizens, academics and agency personnel. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Change in knowledge: The impact of restoring a very artificial drainage canal to one that incorporates more natural fluvial function has led to interest from other stormwater agencies in the region. Currently, restoring floodplain to channelized streams is underway at two other locations. The current level of sediments exported by an urbanizing watershed that was once channelized has been shown to be an order of magnitude greater than sediment exported by a similar forested watershed. Based on research conducted in the Pee Dee River, the function of floodplain wetlands in dampening the flashiness of flow can be quantified. The above information collectively has strong implications for the management of South Carolina's surface water resources. Change in actions: As an outcome of work carried out on this project, the maintenance of ditches by dipping out sediments at the ditch bottom has stopped completely in Horry County, SC.
Publications
- Smoot Z. T., A. D. Jayakaran, D. M. Park and D. R. Hitchcock. 2011. Evaluating the relationship between stream stability and land use proximity within the lower Pee Dee watershed, SC. American Ecological Engineering Society's 11th Annual Meeting. Asheville, North Carolina (May 2011).
- Smoot Z. T. 2011. Relating land cover and channel morphology to stream flow function in the lower Pee Dee watershed, South Carolina. Masters Thesis in Biosystems Engineering. Clemson University.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: I continue research efforts to manage a stormwater canal that drains the City of Conway, SC. In collaboration with the City of Conway, Horry County Stormwater, and Coastal Carolina University, a series of monitoring and modeling activities were accomplished. These studies seek to quantify the effects of constructing 2400 feet of floodplain in a section of the Canal. Two hydrodynamic models: one for the canal main stem, and one for a tributary were refined based on updated flow data. An experiment to relate turbidity in an undeveloped coastal stream to the levels of suspended sediments was initiated. An undergraduate student was recruited to analyze data, to write an undergraduate honors thesis and co-author a peer reviewed publication. A new study to measure water quality and water quantity at four sites on the Edisto Research and Education Center was initiated. The project is a part of the larger Intelligent River Project led by Dr. G. Eidson (Clemson). Flow stage, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, conductivity, oxidation reduction potential and turbidity are measured every 10 minutes in three streams and a pond. A research study on 17 sites in the Pee Dee watershed led by project PI Dr. D. Park (Clemson) continues to provide for important instream flow conditions within the major streams that drain the watershed. A graduate student was recruited by myself during the period of reporting to facilitate meeting the project objectives. I serve as the student's primary advisor. In addition to maintaining water level loggers at each site, stream morphology and bed sediment surveys were conducted at some of the project sites during the reporting period. Remaining surveys will be completed the following year. As part co-instructing a class offered by the Biosystems Engineering department, I pioneered the dissemination of instruction and class material to students located on campus from our off-campus research facility. A study to examine sediment dynamics in a coastal marsh was initiated during the reporting period. The study was carried out in collaboration with Dr. E. Smith, North Inlet - National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR). Funding for one summer undergraduate student was provided by NERR. Sediment accumulation rates and particle size distribution of marsh platform sediment cores were obtained over two months. The study will be repeated and refined in following years. Services: I continue to serve on the Crabtree Canal Restoration Initiative as an advisory member. I mentored and advised an undergraduate student who is currently working on her undergraduate honors thesis to graduate in May 2011. Successfully recruited a graduate student to work on a project, he is expected to graduate in December 2011. Products: A hydrodynamic model for a tributary of the Crabtree Canal was used as a preliminary design tool for a channel restoration of a stream located close to a site that was targeted for development. The model was delivered to the City of Conway to aid in developing alternative stormwater management strategies within this watershed. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Daniel Hitchcock, Asst. Professor, Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University- CoPI on a project to collect water quality information on an undeveloped watershed that I had instrumented to measure stream flow rates. Dr. Susan Libes, Professor of Marine Chemistry, Coastal Carolina University - CoPI on a study to measure rates of sediment transport in a stream in an urbanizing watershed. Dr. Tom Williams, Emeritus Professor, Forestry, Clemson University collaborator on multiple projects. Dr. Dara Park, CoPI on a project to determine minimum instream flows in the Pee Dee River basin. Dr. Erik Smith, National Estuarine Research Reserve - Collaborator on marsh dynamics study. Joe Dignam - City of Conway Stormwater manager. Tom Garigen - Horry County Stormwater. David Fuss - Horry County Stormwater. Tracy Jones - Georgetown County, Stormwater division manager. Paul Conrads - United States Geological Survey TARGET AUDIENCES: Audiences that were impacted by my work are local stormwater planning departments, and watershed action groups that comprise of local citizens, academics and agency personnel. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Change in knowledge: The need to establish more natural fluvial function over channel dredging has become an important aspect of restoring the functioning of Crabtree Canal. The creation of a floodplain, and its efficacy in attenuating peak flows, and acting as a net sink for sediments has clearly demonstrated the benefits of our intervention. Change in actions: As an outcome of work carried out on this project, justification of additional restoration activities are being considered in other locations of this drainage network.
Publications
- Smoot, Z. T., A. D. Jayakaran, D. M. Park, D. R. Hitchcock, A. T. Chow, and E. Ossier. 2010. Determining environmental flow regime in the Pee Dee watershed, SC. South Carolina Water Resources Conference 2010. Columbia, South Carolina (October 2010).
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities: Successfully completed a South Carolina Water Resources Center funded project that characterized suspended sediment loadings in the Crabtree Canal in the City of Conway. An estimate of annual suspended sediment yield was determined using suspended sediment data and continuous measurements of turbidity. Additionally, a hydrodynamic model was validated and completed to simulate alternate management strategies in Crabtree Canal. A project to model the hydrology of a tributary to Crabtree Canal was also initiated in this reporting period. The Conway Recreational Center is currently scheduled to be renovated, and as part of this effort, a highly degraded stream flowing through the project site is slated to be reconnected to its original floodplain with the construction of an impoundment structure. I successfully obtained funds from the City of Conway to carry out a hydrodynamic modeling of storm events in the watershed, and to simulate the effects of the construction of an impoundment. Flow data from three flumes located on a first order stream in an undeveloped watershed continue to be collected, ensuring that a continuous record of flow in this stream system was maintained. Twelve stream sites were identified in the Pee Dee River watershed as part of a project funded by the Pee Dee Endowment Fund. These twelve sites were instrumented with continuously logging stage and temperature monitoring sensors. These sites and 5 additional sites gaged by the USGS comprise 17 sites that are being monitored for water quantity, water quality, channel morphology, and fish community composition. The goal of this project is to determine minimum instream flows in the Pee Dee watershed so as to ensure that basic ecosystem functioning is preserved. Events: Presented the work done in the Crabtree Canal by myself and my graduate student at the Annual International meeting of the Association of Agricultural and Biological Engineers in Reno, NV in June 2009. Services: I have served on the Crabtree Canal Restoration Initiative as an advisory member for the past 27 months, providing expertise on restoration alternatives to manage the Crabtree Canal. I mentored and advised a graduate student who successfully defended her Masters thesis. The hydrodynamic model she developed was delivered to the Horry County Stormwater Department to model alternative channel configurations and their implications. Products: The hydrodynamic model for the Crabtree Canal was used as a preliminary design tool for a channel reconfiguration the City of Conway, SC. The model will be used to plan the restoration of other sections of Crabtree Canal, the primary artery for stormwater flow management in Conway. This output addresses the project objective of modeling alternative stormwater management strategies within urbanizing watersheds. Dissemination: Results from the stormwater sampling, and hydrodynamic modeling results and implications are disseminated to a group of concerned citizens, academics and agency personnel on a regular basis. The group is called the Crabtree Restoration Initiative, which meets monthly to discuss the restoration of the Crabtree Canal and its watershed. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Daniel Hitchcock, Asst. Professor, Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University- CoPI on a project to collect water quality information on an undeveloped watershed that I had instrumented to measure stream flow rates. Dr. Susan Libes, Professor of Marine Chemistry, Coastal Carolina University - CoPI on a study to measure rates of sediment transport in a stream in an urbanizing watershed. Dr. Tom Williams, Emeritus Professor, Forestry, Clemson University- collaborator in a stream restoration project in the city of Conway. Dr. Dara Park, CoPI on a project to determine minimum instream flows in the Pee Dee River basin. Joe Dignam - City of Conway Stormwater manager Tom Garigen - Horry County Stormwater Tracy Jones - Georgetown County, Stormwater division manager Paul Conrads - United States Geological Survey TARGET AUDIENCES: Audiences that were impacted by my work are local stormwater planning departments, and watershed action groups that comprise of local citizens, academics and agency personnel. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Change in knowledge: The rate of suspended sediment exported from the Crabtree Canal watershed was presented at the Annual International Meeting of the ASABE in Reno, NV. The rate of sediment export suggested that the Canal exported sediments at a rate consistent with degraded or unstable Coastal Plain streams. This knowledge has added to the perception that alternative stormwater and ditch management techniques are essential. The importance of floodplains in dissipating high energy associated with large flow events, and introducing stability to stream banks as a function of results obtained through modeling efforts has become a well known issue among local planning agents. Change in actions: As an outcome of work carried out on this project, justification for additional funds for the continued restoration of Crabtree Canal have been sought.
Publications
- Jayakaran A. D., S. R. Libes, D. R. Hitchcock, J. T. Bennet, and K. J. Owens. 2009. Managing streams in coastal plain watersheds. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2009. Reno, Nevada. (June 2009)
- Owens K. J., and A. D. Jayakaran. 2008. Modeling Channel Maintenance Strategies in a Coastal Plain Watershed. South Carolina Water Resources Conference 2008. North Charleston, South Carolina (October 2008).
- Rogers, D. M., D. R. Hitchocock, and A. D. Jayakaran. 2008. A Study of Coastal Headwater Stream Hydrology: Bannockburn Plantation, Georgetown County, SC. South Carolina Water Resources Conference 2008. North Charleston, South Carolina (October 2008).
- Hitchcock D. R., W. H. Conner, S. Esswein, C. Post, T. M. Williams, A. D. Jayakaran, B. Song, W. Mikhailova, and R. Baldwin. 2008. Creating Digital Coastal Watersheds: The Remote Data Acquisition Network at Bannockburn Plantation. South Carolina Water Resources Conference 2008. North Charleston, South Carolina (October 2008).
- Hitchcock, D. R., A. D. Jayakaran, T. M. Williams, B. Song, and W. H. Conner. 2008. Coastal Development in South Carolina: Stormwater Research and Education Opportunities at Bannockburn Plantation. Building Sustainable Communities for the 21st Century, Charleston, South Carolina. (August 2008).
- Jayakaran, A. D., D. E. Mecklenburg, J. Witter, A. D. Ward, and G. E. Powell. 2010. Fluvial processes in agricultural ditches in the North Central Region of the United States and implications for their management. Chapter 9 In Agricultural Drainage Ditches: Mitigation Wetlands for the 21st Century. Editors: Matthew T. Moore and Robert Kroger. Research Signpost Publishing, Trivandrum, India.
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