Progress 02/01/09 to 01/31/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Target audiences for disseminated findings included colleagues in the science community, sorghum producer groups, and consumers. Efforts included delivery of science-based knowledge through informal educational programs as a part of conferences and fairs. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The PI oversaw the activities of the project and coordinated the activities of the UNL collaborators and their students. Students and research personnel in the laboratories of collaborators performed chemical, metabolic and microbial analyses. Two graduate student completed their PhD programs and one undergraduate completed her research project while conducting collaborative inter-laboratory analyses as a part of the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Several outreach activities were undertaken to disseminate findings of the research to intended audiences of other scientists and consumers to encourage positive actions and changes in eating behavior. Included were presentations at local research fairs, regional sorghum meetings, and international cereal science conferences and publication of research findings in a chapter of a book about advances in cereal science and in refereed journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Accomplishments for the project were: 1) further development of an alternative health-impacting food source, 2) promotion of whole grain consumption so as to allow consumers to maximize their health benefit at low cost, 3) justification for use in the diet of United States citizens, a grain from a cereal crop that consumes less water and is more drought tolerant than corn, and is accepted in other parts of the world as a food crop, and 4) enhancement of the export marketing position for a United States' cereal grain.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Lee, B.H., T. Carr, C. Weller, S. Cuppett, I. Dweikat, and V. Schlegel. Grain sorghum whole kernel oil lowers plasma and liver cholesterol in male hamsters with minimal wax involvement. J. Functional Foods.
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Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Target audiences reached during this reporting period with results and progress in the project included scientists and nutritionists from around the world interested in grain sorghum and similar grains, sorghum producers primarily in the US and food consumers around the world. Efforts to deliver science-based knowledge and information included refereed journal publications, presentations at scientific and producer meetings, reports to producer groups and laboratory demonstrations. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A change in knowledge is expected as scientists, food processors and consumers become aware of the fundamental knowledge significant enough to be make positive food choices. A change in actions is expected through a change in behavior by food processors and consumers in adoption and greater use of sorghum as a food or food ingredient. A change in conditions is expected through reduced obesity rates and improved nutrition and health.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Mkandawire, N.L. 2013. Harnessing the benefits of sorghum: In vitro starch digestion, in vitro fermentation and processing of tannin and tannin-free sorghums. Ph.D. dissertation. Lincoln, NE. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Mkandawire, N.L., R.C. Kaufman, S.R. Bean, C.L. Weller, D.S. Jackson and D.J. Rose. 2013. Effect of condensed tannins from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) on in vitro starch digestibility and ?-amylase activity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61(18):4448-4454.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Rose, D.J., E. Williams, N.L. Mkandawire, C.L. Weller and D.S. Jackson. 2013. Use of whole grain and refined flour from tannin and non-tannin sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties in frybread. Food Science and Technology International. In press.
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Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Several outreach activities were undertaken to disseminate findings of the research to intended audiences of other scientists and consumers to encourage positive actions and changes in eating behavior. Included were presentations at local research fairs, regional sorghum meetings, and international cereal science conferences and publication of research findings in a chapter of a book about advances in cereal science. PARTICIPANTS: The PI oversaw the activities of the project and coordinated the activities of the UNL collaborators and their students. Students and research personnel in the laboratories of collaborators performed chemical, metabolic and microbial analyses. One graduate student completed her PhD program while conducting inter-collaborator laboratory analyses as a part of the project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences for disseminated findings included colleagues in the science community, sorghum producer groups, and consumers. Efforts included delivery of science-based knowledge through informal educational programs as a part of conferences and fairs. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
A change in knowledge is expected as scientists, food processors and consumers become aware of the fundamental knowledge significant enough to be make positive food choices. A change in actions is expected through a change in behavior by food processors and consumers in adoption and greater use of sorghum as a food or food ingredient. A change in conditions is expected through reduced obesity rates and improved nutrition and health.
Publications
- Lee, B.H., C.L. Weller, S.L. Cuppett, T.P. Carr, J. Walter, I. Martinez and V.L. Schlegel. 2011. Grain sorghum lipids: Extraction, characterization, and health potential. P. 149-170. In: Advances in Cereal Science: Implications to Food Processing and Health Promotion, ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 1089, eds. J.M. Awika, V. Piironen and S. Bean, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
- Lee, B.H. 2012. Effects of grain sorghum wax and oil on cholesterol levels, gut microbiota, and liver/colon metabolites of a hamster model with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE.
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities included conducting and analyzing experiments to assess influence of treatments on chemical and functional properties of grain sorghum and its flours. Several outreach activities were undertaken to reach various audiences with the purpose of advancing their knowledge of the nutritional benefits of grain sorghum. Included were outreach activities such as educational seminar presentations and poster presentations at research conferences. Intended audience members included other researchers, interested consumers and students. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals who worked on the project include Curtis L. Weller who served as project director and Bo Hyun Lee who served as a graduate research assistant investigator. Partner Organizations include the United Sorghum Checkoff Program and the USDA-ARS CGAHR in Manhattan, KS. Collaborators at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln include Timothy P. Carr, Vicki L. Schlegel, Jens Walter, Ismail Dweikat, Susan L. Cuppett, and Devin J. Rose and Scott Bean at the USDA-ARS CGAHR. Training or Professional Development opportunities have been provided for Bo Hyun Lee (Ph.D. graduate program) and several undergraduate students employed in the collaborators' laboratories. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audience includes any consumer interested in finding a nutritionally beneficial alternative cereal grain from maize, wheat and rice that is gluten free. Efforts to disseminate knowledge gained through the project to the target audience include presentations at professional society research meetings and industry workshops, publications in research journals, and news releases. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The results of the project are on track to change the awareness of consumers and scientists about the health benefits of consuming grain sorghum. New fundamental knowledge has been included in a publication and in several presentations. This knowledge can be used in decision-making related to life skills of dietary choice to realize higher productivity of food provision, quantified changes in quality-of-life for consumers, and improved nutrition and health. Specifically, an understanding of the physiochemical and metabolic fate of grain sorghum lipids, capable of lowering cholesterol and influencing gut microbiota, is developing. Oily fraction of sorghum lipids appears to lower Coriobacteriaceae populations compared to control and atherogenic diets and to restore Bifidobacterium levels of subjects fed an atherogenic diet to control diet levels. Intake of whole grain sorghum subjected to different but typical manufacturing processes (e.g., milling, flaking, extruding and concentrating via fermentation)appears to be equal among subjects. Plasma and liver lipid concentrations of the subjects were not effected by the processing treatment yet sorghum in the diet increased fecal levels of phytosterols.
Publications
- Lee, B.H., C.L. Weller, S.L. Cuppett, T.P. Carr, J. Walter, I. M Martinez and V.L. Schlegel. 2012. Grain Sorghum Lipids: Extraction, Characterization, and Health Potential. In J. Awika (Ed), Advances in Cereal Science: Implications to Food Processing and Health Promotion. Washington, DC: ACS Books. In press.
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Findings and conclusions that have been reached in the project to date have been disseminated to communities of interest (e.g. grain sorghum producers, food manufacturing companies, ingredient supplies, fellow scientists and other interested parties)through presentations made at grain sorghum workshops and professional meetings, and through refereed journal publications. PARTICIPANTS: Eric Newgard, a PhD candidate, assisted in preparation of sorghum samples. Ration formulation has been directed by collaborator, Dr. Timothy Carr from Nutrition and Health Sciences. Compositional analyses were performed by collaborator, Dr. Vicki Schlegel from Food Science and Technology. Fecal analyses were performed by collaborator, Dr. Jens Walter of Food Science and Technology. Grain samples for use have been provided by Dr. Ismail Dweikat, a collaborator from Agronomy and Horticulture. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audience for use of outputs are sorghum producers, grain processors, and consumers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Fatty acid profiles, major lipid classes and sterol profiles for oily and waxy fractions of lipids extracted from Macia grown in Nebraska during the 2005 and 2006 crop years were determined. As expected, the majority of fatty acids and sterols were observed to be contained in the oily fractions. Long-chained polymers with high melting points (policosanols) were observed to be primarily in the waxy fractions. High-throughput sequencing of the hypervariable regions V1-V3 of the 16S rRNA gene was performed to characterize the colonic microbial community in the hamsters and to identify the changes driven by the oily and waxy fractions of grain sorghum lipid (GSL) extracts. Previous research had shown that GSL extracts exerts a 'prebiotic effect' on the microbiota of Syrian hamsters, increasing cell numbers of bifidobacteria in the gut. It was also revealed that Coriobacteriaceae proportions were significantly decreased through GSL. Most importantly, the shifts in the structure of the bacterial community in the previous research did correlate with the improvements in cholesterol metabolism induced through GSL (HDL improvement associated with the bifidobacteria population and LDL lowering with decreases in Coriobacteriaceae). The determinations revealed that it was the oily GSL fraction that increased the bifidobacteria proportions and decreased Coribacteriaceae, while the waxy fraction did not exert these bacterial modulations. This is clearly interesting, as the oily fraction was also associated with improvements in cholesterol metabolism. Observations to date have included: 1) plasma non-HDL (i.e., the fraction containing >90% LDL cholesterol) was significantly decreased in hamsters fed the oily fraction; 2) liver esterified cholesterol (i.e., the storage form of cholesterol) was significantly decreased in hamsters fed the oily fraction; 3) fecal neutral sterol (i.e., cholesterol) excretion was significantly increased in hamsters fed the oily fraction whereas hamsters fed the waxy fraction also increased excretion, but not to the same extent as those fed the oily fraction, finding the increased fecal excretion represented endogenous (biliary) cholesterol excretion because both groups of hamsters consumed approximately the same amount of cholesterol; 4) fecal plant sterol excretion was significantly increased in hamsters fed the oily fraction, indicating that the oily fraction contains relatively high amounts of plant sterols (to be confirmed by direct analysis of the oily fraction); 5) inverse correlation between fecal cholesterol excretion and liver total cholesterol concentration; and 6) gallbladder bile cholesterol, phospholipid, and bile acid concentrations were not significantly different among treatment groups.
Publications
- Zbasnik, R., T. Carr, C. Weller, K.T. Hwang, L. Wang, S. Cuppett and V. Schlegel. 2009. Antiproliferation properties of grain sorghum dry distiller's grain lipids in Caco-2 cells. J. Ag. Food Chem. 57(21):10435-10441.
- Hoi, M., C.L. Weller, V.L. Schlegel, S.L. Cuppett, J.Y. Lee and T.P. Carr. 2009. Sorghum distillers dried grain lipid extract increases cholesterol excretion and decreases plasma and liver cholesterol concentration in hamsters. J. Functional Foods 1(4):381-386.
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Outputs for Task 1 to date are prepared sorghum samples that are now being analyzed for compositional profiles and yields of grain sorghum lipids. This information and other baseline information from previous complementary studies will be used to assess the fate of these compounds during processing of whole grains within selected unit operations. Unit operations employed were grinding, flaking and ethanol fermentation with subsequent drying. Task 2 outputs to date have been limited to preparation of hamster rations in anticipation of initiation of feeding trials. Dissemination of limited, specific results to date from the project have been shared with other collaborators within the Great Plains sorghum utilization research community at recent symposia and during conference calls. Complementary research results have been shared at national professional meetings and through refereed publications. PARTICIPANTS: Eric Newgard, a PhD candidate, assisted in prepartion of sorghum samples. Ration formulation has been directed by collaborator, Dr. Timothy Carr from Nutrition and Health Sciences. Compositional analysis has begun in lab of collaborator, Dr. Vicki Schlegel from Food Science and Technology. Grain samples for use have been provided by Dr. Ismail Dweikat, a collaborator from Agronomy and Horticulture. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audience for use of outputs are sorghum producers, grain processors, and consumers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Outcome from the project's research is very limited at this time due the limited time since approval and initiation of project.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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