Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: New pesticide applicators Licensed Restricted Use Pesticide applicators Natural area biologists Lake managers County Agents General public Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Findings from this project were incorporated into a presentation at eight professional society meetings and three workshops for invasive plant management professionals, including those whom earned continuing education units for renewing their Restricted Use Pesticide Applicator licenses. Ove 3,000 applicators and land managers were trained at these workshops. Alectronic database fact sheets (EDIS) that contain information and recommendations for management of Ardisia cranata and Lygodium microphyllum received 53,099 hits during the project. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Old World climbing (Lygodium microphyllum) (OWCF) fern and coral ardesia (Ardesia crenata) are two fo over 150 invasive plant species in Florida which detrimentally impact natural resources and cost $80 million/yr to manage. OWCF, first found in Florida 1958, spread at an alrming rate in southern Florida but it was not, widely, recognized as a problem until the late1970s and management methods were unknown. By 1993, 27,000 acres of OWCF were present natural ares of Florida and it was displacing native plant communities by its smothering growth habit. While large-scale, aerial herbicide applications were begun in 1999, the fern increased to 123,000 acres by 2005. OWCF is now considered one of the worst invasive plants ever in Florida. While biological control of OWCF is under study, effective herbicide recommendations are essential for immediate management, along with understanding of its biology and environmental impacts for development of a long range integrated management program. Coral ardesia is reported from natural areas and grazing lands in eleven Florida counties and there have been two cases where it was suspected to be the causal agent for the death of livestock. This project was undertaken to provide effective and environmentally acceptable control measures for OWCF and coral ardesia that can be implemented by land management agencies and benefit the public by helping protect natural areas of public lands form detrimental impacts of OWCF. Four herbicide active ingredients, This project resulted in integrated management recommendations for OWCF that include 4 herbicide active ingredients, alone or in combination for ground and/or aerial application methods. Because these herbicides have different effects on non-target vegetaion, vegetation managers have a choice of methods to optimize OWCF control and minimize detrimental damage to non-target vegetation. It was determined that native plant cover is reduced by un-managed OWCF but can increase when it is managed with the appropriate herbicde treatment. Over 4,000 acres (average) of OWCF are maintained on publc lands by each of four agencies. Nine refereed journal articles and one PhD dissertation were published on the effectiveness herbicides to control OWCF and one is in review. One refereed journal article was published on control of coral ardesia. Responses of non-target vegetation to herbicide application were reported in five published refereed journal articles, one in review, and one PhD dissertation. Impacts of un-managed OWCF were published in one refereed journal article and one PhD dissertation. Distribution and effects of freezing on OWCF are reported on one published refereed journal article and one that hase been accepted for publication.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: K. Langeland. Carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), an invader of Florida's coastal habitats. Seedling growth in response to salinity concentrations in rooting medium. 65th Annual Meeting of the Southern Weed Science Society, Auburn AL. Kenneth Langeland and Colette Jacono. Germination and growth characteristics of carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacardioides) seeds and seedlings. Florida Chapter of the Wildlife Society and Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Joint Spring Conference 2012, Ocala, FL. J. T. Hutchinson and K. Langeland. Effects of metsulfuron and prescribed fire for control of Lygodium microphyllum on tree islands of the A.R.M. Loxahatchee N.W.R. 65th Annual Meeting of the Southern Weed Science Society, Auburn, AL. J. T. Hutchinson and K. A. Langeland. Tolerence of Lygodium microphyllum and L. japonicum spores and gametophytes to freezing temperature. 65th Annual Meeting of the Southern Weed Science Society, Auburn, AL B.A. Sellers, N. Rana, and K. Langeland. Chemical control of Mikania micrantha: A new invasion in South Florida. 65 Annual Meeting of the Southern Weed Science Society, Auburn AL. Langeland, K. A. History, implementation and future of the IFAS Assessment of Non-native Plants in Natural Areas of Florida - Joint Meeting of the Southeastern Exotic Pest Plant Council and Alabama Exotic Pest Plant Council, May 2012, Auburn AL. Langeland, K. A. Field trials for herbicide control of coral ardisia (Ardisia crenata) in natural areas of north-central Florida". 2012 Florida Weed Science Society Meeting, Haines City FL. Langeland, K. A. Herbicide Control and Identification of Invasive Plants in North East Florida Natural Areas. East Central Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area 2012 Workshop, Deland, FLK. A. Langeland. Identification and control of invasive climbing fern species (Lygodium spp.). First Coast Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area Workshop, Jacksonville, FL. PARTICIPANTS: Jeffrey Hutchinson, Post Doctoral Associate. TARGET AUDIENCES: County Extension Agents Licensed Restricted Use Pesticide Applicators One In Service Training was conducted for County Natural Resource Agents with program responibilities in Natural Resources. Research results were presented during "IFAS CEU Day 2012", a Polycom based Restricted Use Pesticide Applicator re-certification workshop. East Central Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area 2012 Workshop, Deland, FLK. A. Langeland. First Coast Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area Workshop, Jacksonville, FL. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Research results are incorporated into 20 electronic publications available on the IFAS Electronic Data Information Source. Electronic hits on these publications totaled 42,269 in 2012. Research results were presented during "IFAS CEU Day 2012", a Polycom based Restricted Use Pesticide Applicator re-certification workshop. 533 participants at 39 host sites received up to six Continuing Education Units toward renewal of their Restricted Use Pesticide Applicator licenses. 299 participants who returned surveys reported on a scale of 1 to 5 (5=strongly agree, 4=agree) that they gained knowledge (4.27), would adopt at least one new practice (4.02) and knowledge gained would help their job performance (4.08).
Publications
- Jeffrey T. Hutchinson and Kenneth A. Langeland. 2012. Repeated herbicide application for control of Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) and the effects on nontarget vegetation on Everglades tree islands. Invasive Plant Science and Management 5:477-486.
- Hutchinson, J. T., A. Puri, M. Royuela, and K. A. Langeland. 2012. Biochemical assay on acetolactate synthase activity in Lygodium microphyllum exposed to metsulfuron. Florida Scientist 75:105-112.
- Hutchinson, J. T. and K. A. Langeland. 2013. Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) tolerance to metsulfuron. Invasive Plant Science and Management (accepted for publication).
- Stacia A. Hetrick and Ken Langeland. 2012. Hydrilla Management in Florida Lakes SS-AGR-361.
- K.A. Langeland and C.C. Jacono. 2012. Common Aquatic Plants of Lake Okeechobee: Identification, Biology, and Management SS-AGR-362.
- K. Langeland. 2012. Carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), an invader of Florida coastal habitats. Seedling growth in response to salinity concentrations in rooting medium. In: 2012 Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society, Volume 65 p. 97 (abstract).
- Kenneth Langeland and Colette Jacono. 2102. Germination and growth characteristics of carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacardioides) seeds and seedlings. In: Proceedings of Florida Chapter of the Wildlife Society and Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Joint Spring Conference 2012 p 32 (abstract).
- J. T. Hutchinson and K. Langeland. 2012. Effects of metsulfuron and prescribed fire for control of Lygodium microphyllum on tree islands of the A.R.M. Loxahatchee N.W.R. In: 2012 Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society, Volume 65 p. 198 (abstract).
- J. T. Hutchinson and K. A. Langeland. 2012. Tolerence of Lygodium microphyllum and L. japonicum spores and gametophytes to freezing temperature. In: 2012 Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society, Volume 65 p. 199 (abstract).
- B.A. Sellers, N. Rana, and K. Langeland. 2012. Chemical control of Mikania micrantha: A new invasion in South Florida. In: 2012 Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society, Volume 65 p. 196 (abstract).
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Studies were completed to determine the lowest rate of diquat dibromide that could be applied to prevent seed production by Wright's nutrush (Scleria lacustris), and have minimum impact on non-target native wetland vegetation. This information was dissiminated in an electronic publication on the IFAS EDIS system and by report and letter to the granting agence, St. Johns River Water Management District. Studies were conducted to determine seedbank regeneration of tropical American watergrass (Luziola subintegra). Germination was compared over time in response to dry vs. flooded condition. Results were disseminated by report to the South Florida Water Management District. PARTICIPANTS: Colette Jacono was a Post Doctoral Associate on the project and served as co- and Principal Investigator in different efforts. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
St. Johns River Water Management District manages over 41,000 acres of Old World climbing fern in their wetland habitats based on previous research conducted under this project (reported in previous AD-421). South Florida Water Management District and the National Park Service use this information for treating Old World climbing fern in Everglades habitats and coastal wetlands. When herbicide was applied late June to early July, no seed production was observed on Wright's nutrush within herbicide treated plots, but seed production was common in control plots. Treatments with Reward at concentrations between 0.025 to 0.10% product should be performed before the second or third week of July to inhibit seed development. The concentrations used in this study had no effect on the two most common native species (maidencane and beakrush) present in BCWMA, but did appear to impact herbaceous species such as swamp lily, duck potato, water-willow, and marsh fleabane. St Johns River Water Management District will be encouraged to impliment management of Wright's nutrush in using recommendations developed in this study.
Publications
- Hutchinson, J. T., E. A. Gandy, and K. A. Langeland. 2011. Herbicide management of umbrella dracaena [Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC.] in a Florida State Park. Invasive Plant Science and Management 4: 349-355.
- Hutchinson, J. T., K. A. Langeland and M. Meisenburg. 2011. Field trials for herbicide control of Ardisia crenata in natural areas of north-central Florida. Invasive Plant Science and Management 4:234-238.
- Hutchinson, J. T. and K. A. Langeland. 2011. Tolerance of Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) spores to herbicides. Invasive Plant Science and Management. 4:411-418.
- Aquatic Weeds: Crested Floating Heart (Nymphoides cristata), EDIS publication SS-AGR-344. Leif N Willey and Kenneth A. Langeland. 2011. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag354
- Wrights nutrush: An Invader of Seasonal Wetlands in Florida, EDIS Publication SS-AGR-342. Colette C. Jacono, Kenneth A. Langeland, and Jeffrey T. Hutchinson. 2011 (Revised (2011). http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag352.
- Hutchinson, Jeffrey and Kenneth Langeland. 2011. Tolerance of Lygodium microphyllum and L. japonicum Spores and Gametophytes to Freezing Temperatures. In: Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC) Annual Symposium May 17-20, 2011.
- Jacono, Colette, W. Mark Whitten, and Kenneth Langeland. 2011. Marsilia Ferns (Water Clover): Endemism and Invasion in Florida. In: Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC) Annual Symposium May 17-20, 2011.
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities: Studies were conducted to determine minimum dosage of diquat dibromide necessary to prevent seed production of Scleria lacustris. To determine the identity and origin of a Marsilia species found in expanding populations in waters of Central Florida, DNA sequencing was conducted on worldwide sampling of species. Growth studies were conducted to provide information that will help develop a management stratagy of Luziola subintegra on Lake Okeechobee and the East Everglades. A four year study to determine herbicide recommendations for controling Ardesia crenata was completed. A six year study of the effects of herbicide application to manage Lygodium micropgyllum on Everglades tree islans was completed. One PhD student and one Post Doctoral Associate were mentored. Activities: Hutchinson, J.T. and K. A. Langeland. 2010. Control of invasive vines in Florida natural areas. Florida Aquatic Plant Management Society's Annual Meeting. Daytona Beach, FL; Hutchinson, J.T. and K. A. Langeland. 2010. Evaluation of annual herbicide application for control of Lygodium microphyllum on tree islands in A.R.M. Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Greater Everglades Ecosystem Restoration (GEER) Meeting. Naples, FL; Langeland, Kenneth A. 2010. Emerging issues in aquatic plant management. Lee County Urban Pond and Aquatic Plant Management Workshop, Ft. Myers, FL;Seed bank dynamics in the invasion ecology of Scleria lacustris, an annual sedge in seasonal wetlands. C.C. Jacono*, K.A. Langeland, and A.M. Fox. 2010 Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. January 25-27 2010, Little Rock, AR.; Weeds in Florida: new invasive, potentially expanding, and often times confused species. C.C. Jacono, IFAS Statewide Pesticide Applicators Polycom Training, 30 March 2010. Understanding invasive plants: scleria lacustris as a case study in florida marshes Invited Lecturer, Botany 2800C Plants in Human Affairs, 8 April 2010, Biology Department, Univ. of FL, Gainesville, FL.; Workshop: hands-on identification of new invasive plants. C.C. Jacono and K.A. Langeland. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Symposium, 5-8 April 2010, Crystal River, FL.;Workshop: practical field identification of invasive upland plants. C. Jacono and M. Bodle. IFAS Aquatic Weed Short Course, May 4-6 2010, Coral Springs, FL. Applied plant identification of aquatic applicators. C.c. jacono. Mrec ceu day, June 10 2010, Apopka, Florida.; Recent controversies involving invasive plants. C.C. Jacono. Summer Journalism Visitation Program, 19 June 2010, Lake Alice, Gainesville, FL.; Understanding characteristics of invasive plants using twelve species in florida. Invited Lecturer, Botany 2800C Plants in Human Affairs, 23 November 2010, Biology Department, Univ. of FL, Gainesville, FL. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: Colette Jacono is Post Doctoral Associate who serves as Principal Investigator on grant that provides support for this project and Co-Principal Investigator on another. Jeffrey Hutchinson was a PhD student who received his degree working on this project. Partner organizations: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District, US Fish and Wildlife Service. Training: Licensed Restricted Use Pesticide Applicators. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences: Land Managers, Licensed Restricted Use Pesticide Applicators, land managers. Efforts: Presentations and workshops proveded at the IFAS aquatic Weed Control Short Course and Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Annual Meeting. Polycom CEU meeting provided to 50 Florida and Georgia counties and 800 participants. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Land managers, licensed pesticide applicators and students can recognize Luziola subintegra, Scleria lacustris, and other invasive plant species for early detection and rapid responce of new infestations. US Fish and Wildlife Service and their contractors will use cost effective methods to manage Lygodium microphyllum on Everglade tree islands and other areas. Land managers and commercial herbicide applicators will use management practices developed from this research and made available via http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wg209.
Publications
- Hutchinson, J. T. and K. A. Langeland. 2010. Monitoring of applied management techniques to control Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) in disturbed habitat. Florida Scientist 73: 262-273.
- Hutchinson, J. T. 2010. Physiological characteristics of herbicides and management of Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville.
- Hutchinson, J. T. and K. A. Langeland. 2010. Review of two non-native, invasive climbing ferns (Lygodium japonicum and L. microphyllum), sympatric records and additional distribution records from Florida. American Fern Journal 100: 57-66.
- Hutchinson, J. T. and K. A. Langeland. 2010. Evaluation of aerial herbicide application for reduction of woody vegetation in a floodplain marsh. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 48: 40-46.
- Hutchinson, J. T., K. A. Langeland, G. E. MacDonald, and R. Querns. 2010. Absorption and translocation of glyphosate, metsulfuron methyl, and triclopyr in Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum). Weed Science 58: 118-125.
- Seed bank dynamics in the invasion ecology of Scleria lacustris, an annual sedge in seasonal wetlands. C.C. Jacono*, K.A. Langeland, and A.M. Fox. 2010 Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society, Vol 63. January 25-27 2010, Little Rock, AR.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 01/02/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Studies were completed to evaluate herbicide for management of Clematis terniflora and published. Experimental research initiated in Jan 2009 on the invasive tropical watergrass, Luziola subintegra , has revealed important baseline information for understanding the regeneration and spread of this aggressive new aquatic grass occurring within and outside of Lake Okeechobee, in southern Florida. Data support our hypothesis that freshly produced seed is an effective mechanism for population establishment of this rapidly spreading species. The large quantities of seed produced in early winter under deep water conditions in the Lake were found to be highly viable and to quick to germinate on moist as well as flooded substrates. Seedling establishment, however, only occurred outside of flooding, although data indicates that shallow dynamics may also ensure establishment. Studies were conducted to identify the best timing for foliar herbicide treatment of Scleria lacustris (Wright's nutrush) while maintaining low dosage rates to minimize non-target damage on native vegetation. Our focus was on testing applications during the seedling and juvenile stage in attempt to prevent plants from developing seed. The complete destruction of individual plants was not desired because Scleria is an annual species that will die on its own directly after seed maturation, around October. Instead, our goal of preventing seed production would alleviate augmentation of the presumably large seed bank currently existing in the marsh substrate. Such a method might be recommended as a management practice for reducing future populations without impacting the associating perennial plants that define the native community of the seasonal marsh habitat. We implicated the influence of naturally occurring water level fluctuation in the study by conducting foliar herbicide treatments under both dry and flooded conditions. We attempted to capture variations in water level by placing plots along the natural hydrologic gradient created by tree island regions within the marsh. Research was conducted at field sites within the upper St. Johns Water Management District at Blue Cypress Water Management Area, Ansin East tract. A second proposed site, the Fish and Wildlife Commission just south of Ansin could not be used due to invasive pig disturbance. Supporting work was provided, however, by conducting a container trial in Gainesville to test dosage for minimizing application rates. Results were reported to the St Johns River Water Management District in an annual project report. Studies were conducted to evaluate herbicides for effective management of coral ardisia (Ardisia crenata). Results were reported to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Studies were conducted to evaluate herbicides and application methods for management of Old World climbing fern (OWCF) (Lygodium microphyllum), environmental impacts management and unmanaged OWC. Results were reported granting agencies FWC and USFWS. PARTICIPANTS: Jeff Hutchinson is a PhD student who has worked on the project from its beginning. Colette Jacono was added as a Post Doctoral Associate on the project. Cooperation and funding has been provided by the Florida Wildlife Conservation Commission, St Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. TARGET AUDIENCES: Public land managers and licensed herbicide applicators PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Results of studies are incorporated in control recommendations that are published as manuals and fact sheets available on the IFAS Public Information Website. These recommendations are adopted by licensed restricted use pesticide applicators, which number in excess of 2,000 in Florida.
Publications
- Langeland, Kenneth and Michael Meisenberg. 2009. Herbicide evaluation to control Clematis terniflora invading natural areas in Gainesville, Florida. Invasive Plant Science and Management 2:70-73.
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