Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: We completed two experiments as part of this project. The first experiment was designed to estimate the correlation coefficients among a commercially available BVDV antibody ELISA (Idexx), serum neutralization 1, and serum neutralization 2. The second experiment tested for an association between polymorphisms in two candidate genes (leptin and CR-2) and humoral BVDV vaccine response in beef cattle. Dissemination primarily targeted the animal science research community. Results have been disseminated to the research community at the Federation of Animal Science Societies Annual Meeting in 2010 and to SDSU researchers at seminar presentations. In addition, we plan to disseminate results 1) in at least two peer-reviewed publications, 2) American Society of Animal Science Midwest Meeting, and 3) Beef Improvement Federation Annual Meeting. PARTICIPANTS: 1) Xin Fang, M.S. student, South Dakota State University 2) Dr. George Perry, Associate Professor, South Dakota State University 3) Dr. Christian Maltecca, Assistant Professor, North Carolina State University 4) Dr. Julie Walker, Associate Professor, South Dakota State University 5) Dr. Ken Olson, Assistant Professor, South Dakota State University 6) Dr. Jixiang Wu, Assistant Professor, South Dakota State University 7) Laura Hoff, B.S. student, South Dakota State University 8) Sara Olenich, B.S. student, South Dakota State University TARGET AUDIENCES: Our target audience was the animal science research community. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
As a result of this research, we found that the ELISA could be used as a surrogate for both serum neutralization types 1 and 2. The correlation was strongest between the ELISA and serum neutralization type 1. The correlation was weaker between the ELISA and both serum neutralization tests when antibody levels were low. Our future research will continue to use the ELISA to measure BVDV-specific antibodies produced in response to vaccines. A secondary result is that we did not find an association between either leptin or CR-2 polymorphisms and humoral BVDV vaccine response.
Publications
- Gonda, M.G., Fang, X., Perry, G.A., and Maltecca, C. 2011. Comparison of a commercially available Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay with serum neutralization for measuring Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus specific antibodies. Vaccine. In preparation.
- Fang, X., Walker, J.A., Perry, G.A., Olson, K.C., Wu, J.X., Maltecca, C., and Gonda, M.G. 2011. No evidence for association between Leptin polymorphism C.73 C>T and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) humoral vaccine response. Animal Genetics. In preparation.
- Gonda, M.G. 2011. Exploring the genetics of vaccine response in cattle. American Society of Animal Science Midwestern Section Annual Meeting, Des Moines, IA. Accepted.
- Fang, X., L.A. Hoff, J.A. Walker, K.C. Olson, G.A. Perry, J.X. Wu, C. Maltecca, and M.G. Gonda. 2010. No evidence for association between leptin polymorphism c.73 C>T and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) vaccine response. J Anim Sci 88(E-Suppl. 2):42.
- Olenich, S.A., X. Fang, L.A. Hoff, J.A. Walker, K.C. Olson, G.A. Perry, and M.G. Gonda. 2010. Partial characterization of bovine Complement Receptor-2 (CR2) in Angus cattle. J Anim Sci 88(E-Suppl. 2):42.
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Our first objective was to assess whether bovine humoral immune response to Bovine Diarrhea Virus (BVD) vaccination varied among calves. Angus and Angus cross calves (N = 85) housed at the SDSU cow-calf unit were vaccinated with Bovi-Shield GOLD-5 (Pfizer, Inc.), which includes modified live BVD type 1 and 2 viruses. At time of vaccination (d = 0), calves were tested for a BVD persistent infection and BVD maternal antibodies present in serum were measured by ELISA. BVD serum antibodies present 41 and 72 d post-vaccination were measured and vaccine response was calculated by subtracting d 0 maternal antibodies from d 41 and d 72 antibodies. Our second objective was to estimate the correlation between 3 measures of BVD antibody titers: ELISA, serum neutralization (SN) 1, and SN 2. BVD antibody titers from 373 plasma or serum samples (187 calves) at the SDSU Cow Camp and Cow-Calf Unit were measured by ELISA, SN 1, and SN 2. Objective 1 results were presented at the Federation of Animal Science Society (FASS) Annual Meeting in Montreal, Canada. One B.S. and one M.S. student majoring in Animal Science worked on this project. The B.S. student worked on this project for an undergraduate research project and some of this data will be part of the M.S. student's thesis. In addition to the FASS meeting, results were disseminated at 3 SDSU seminars (Veterinary Immunology Seminar, Beef Cattle Seminar, and Plant Molecular Genetics Seminar). Results have also been disseminated to Dr. Christian Maltecca, a collaborator at NC State University, who presented this data at a regional conference on functional traits in dairy cattle in France. PARTICIPANTS: Michael G. Gonda is the PI on the project, responsible for overall project execution and direction. Xin Fang is a M.S. student assigned to the project as part of his thesis research. Fang completed laboratory experiments and wrote the abstract and a poster for the FASS meeting. Theresa Henrickson is a B.S. student assigned to the project as part of her undergraduate research project. Henrickson completed laboratory experiments and wrote the abstract and a poster for the FASS meeting (with Fang). North Carolina State University (PI: Dr. Christian Maltecca) is partnering with us on this research and helped complete statistical analysis of the data. Dr. Jiaxiang Wu, Assistant Professor SDSU, has also been added as an in-house collaborator to assist with data analysis. Dr. George Perry, Associate Professor SDSU, assisted with blood collection. Dr. Chris Chase, Professor SDSU, is advising on vaccination protocol and phenotyping. The SDSU Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory completed serum neutralizations. Dr. Julie Walker, Associate Professor SDSU, also will assist with blood draws for Year 2. This project has helped train 1 B.S. student and 1 M.S. student in Animal Science. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Our second objective was to identify candidate genes associated with vaccine response, by measuring lymphocyte gene expression changes at several time points post-vaccination using microarrays. This experiment has already been attempted by Dr. Chris Chase (SDSU) and he reported difficulty identifying gene expression changes because of the small number of lymphocytes that recognize the BVD virus. We have thus changed our focus to examine whether known polymorphisms within Leptin and BoLA-DRB3.2 genes affect BVD vaccine response. We are also searching for polymorphisms within CD21, CD40, and CD150, which are all genes that encode proteins associated with pathways affecting vaccine response. If we find polymorphisms in these genes, we will also test for an association between these polymorphisms and BVD vaccine response.
Impacts
We learned that BVD vaccine response did vary among calves, even if the same vaccine was given to each individual. We also learned that the correlation between the ELISA and SN types 1 and 2 was high. The correlation coefficient between the ELISA and SN 1 or SN 2 was 0.817 and 0.659, respectively. The correlation coefficient between SN 1 and SN 2 was 0.715. Based on these results, we will continue to use the cheaper ELISA to measure BVD antibody titers, even though SN is a more biologically meaningful phenotype.
Publications
- Fang, X., Henrickson, T.A., Maltecca, C., and Gonda, M.G. 2009. Evidence for a genetic contribution to Bovine Viral Diarrhea vaccine response in beef calves. J. Anim. Sci. 87(E-Suppl. 2):20.
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