Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/13
Outputs
OUTPUTS: All data for this project have been analyzed and final report completed and sent to funding agency. The results have bee discussed at the following venues: annual Turfgrass Field Days in Jay, Citra, Ft. Lauderdale; GI-BMP Educational trainings, turfgrass workshops statewide, CSSA annual meetings, FSHS annual meetings, Master Gardener trainings, agent In Service Trainings. FIndings from this project are to be used for the FDACS Urban Turf Fertilizer Labeling Rule and have been provided to county and city governments as information pertinent to local fertilizer ofdinances. PARTICIPANTS: Trenholm, L.E., Unruh, J.B., Sartain, J.B., Cisar, J.L. Florida Department of ENvironmental Protection, Florida Friendly Landscaping Program. A total of 4 Turfgrass Nutrient Management Symposia were provided in 2012 to agents, industry, government agencies. There were 4 field days where the research was discussed. TARGET AUDIENCES: Audiences include commercial lawn care, landscape maintenance, turfgrass, and pest control industries, regulatory agencies, homeowners, students, Master Gardeners, and state and local government officials. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Average increase in knowledge in programs related to this research is 16-17%. The research has validated the IFAS BMP fertilizer recommendations for lawn grasses and will lead to some minor modifications of these recommendations. Changes in actions that continue to occur are increased application of fertilizer at appropriate rates, timings and with more precise application, which should ultimately result in reduced nonpoint source pollution.
Publications
- Carey, R.O., G.J. Hochmuth, C.J. Martinez, T.H. Boyer, V.D. Nair, M.D. Dukes, G.S. Toor, A.L. Shober, J.L. Cisar, L.E. Trenholm and J.B. Sartain. 2012. A review of turfgrass fertilizer management practices: implications for urban water quality. Hort Tech 22(3):280-291.
- Carey, R.O., G.J. Hochmuth, C.J. Martinez, T.H. Boyer, V.D. Nair, M.D. Dukes, G.S. Toor, A.L. Shober, J.L. Cisar, L.E. Trenholm and J.B. Sartain. 2012. Regulatory and Resource Management Practices for Urban Watersheds: The Florida Experience. Hort Tech 22(4):418-429.
- Trenholm, L.E., J. B. Unruh and J.B. Sartain. 2012. Nitrate-N leaching from Floratam St. Augustinegrass and UltimateFlora zoysiagrass during winter months. J. Envir. Quality. Accepted, J. Envir. Qual.
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Experiments have been ongoing in this project since 2004 and continued through the reporting period. Specifically, for this reporting period, the project entitled "Effect of Nitrogen Source on Nitrate-N Leaching" has continued during this reporting period. Data analysis has been conducted on previous and current years projects, results summarized and manuscripts are in various stages of publication. The North Central Florida Commercial Turfgrass Field Day was held on the research site and this research was one of the projects discussed with attendees. Master Gardener and agent trainings were also conducted onsite. At these events, copies of the "Green Industries Best Management Practices" manual were disseminated to the audiences. Additional outreach activities relative to this research were conducted statewide through the Green Industries Best Management Practices Educational Program, a 6-hr Certificate class that is now required for all commercial fertilizer applicators. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: J. Bryan Unruh - Co PI, Basil Wetherington - Biological Scientist and QA Officer. Partner Organizations: Florida Dept of Environmental Protection Collaborators: Center for Florida Friendly Landscaping Training: Ronald Castillo - MS student TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include the commercial lawn care, landscape maintenance, turfgrass, and pest control industry, regulatory agencies, homeowners, students, Master Gardeners, and Extension agents. Efforts include Green Industry Best Management Practices Education Program, field days, seminars, classroom education, in-service trainings, and other informal educational opportunities. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: PARTICIPANTS: Laurie E. Trenholm, Associate Professor, Environmental Horticulture, UF IFAS. J. Bryan Unruh, Professor, West Florida REC, UF IFAS TARGET AUDIENCES: Pest control, lawn care, landscape, golf course industry workers and managers. Extension agents, Master Gardeners, regulators, homeowners. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Results of this research may be used to establish regulations for fertilization of commercial and residential turf.During this reporting period, we have specifically determined that 1) nitrate-N leaching following fertilization of newly planted turf is more dependent upon timing than N rates, with the exception of very high rates of applied N, that St. Augustinegrass shows little difference in nitrate-N leaching after planting regardless of N rate, but that fertilization should be postponed for 30-60 days following planting regardless of species. 2)nitrate-N leaching in St. Augustinegrass does not vary due to N rate, unless N is applied at excessive rates, while zoysiagrass may show increased nitrate-N leaching as N rate increases. 3) St. Augustinegrass maintains very low levels of nitrate-N leaching when fertilized during winter months, except when N is applied at very high rates, while zoysiagrass has higher rates of nitrate-N leaching through the winter. Both grasses leach more nitrate-N in the winter and early spring than in the fall. 4) when N is applied at the rates recommended by UF-IFAS to St. Augustinegrass, there is no difference in nitrate-N leaching between control plots, quick-release urea-treated plots, and various slow-release N sources. IN zoysiagrass, there was greater nitrate-N leaching from plots that received quick-release ammonium nitrate.
Publications
- 1. Trenholm, L.E., J. Bryan Unruh, and Jerry B. Sartain. 2012. Nitrate leaching and turf quality in established Floratam St. Augustinegrass and Empire Zoysiagrass. J. Envir. Qual. In press.
- 2. Trenholm, L.E., J. Bryan Unruh, and Jerry B. Sartain. 2012. Nitrate leaching and turf quality in newly sodded St. Augustinegrass. J. Plant Nutr. In press.
- 3. Dukes, M.D., L.E. Trenholm, E.F. Gilman, C.J. Martinez, J.L. Cisar, T.H. Yeager, A.L. Shober, and G. Denny. 2011. Frequently asked questions about landscape irrigation for Florida-friendly landscaping ordinances. ENH 1114. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wq142.
- 4. Trenholm, L.E., J.L. Cisar, and J.B. Unruh. 2011. ENH 6. Bahiagrass for Florida lawns. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/lh006.
- 5. Trenholm, L.E., J.L. Cisar, and J.B. Unruh. 2011. ENH 19. Bermudagrass for Florida lawns. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/lh007.
- 6. Trenholm, L. E., J.B. Unruh, and J.L. Cisar. 2011. St. Augustinegrass for Florida lawns. ENH 5. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/lh010.
- 7. Unruh, J.B., L.E. Trenholm, and J.L. Cisar. 2011. Centipedegrass for Florida lawns. ENH 8. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/lh009
- 8. Unruh, J.B., L.E. Trenholm, and J.L. Cisar. 2011. Zoysiagrass for Florida Lawns. ENH 11. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/lh011
- 9. Trenholm, L.E. 2011. Soil testing. Pest Pro. 7(11):24-30.
- 10. Trenholm, L.E. 2011 Nitrate leaching studies. 6 years of research. FL Pest Pro. 7(5): 8-12.
- 11. Trenholm, L.E., J.K. Kruse, J.B. Unruh. 2011. The fertilizer toolbox. FL Pest Pro. 7(1):16-17.
- 12. Trenholm, L.E. and D.P. Rainey. 2011. Floridas green industries best management practices education program. FL Turf Digest. 28(3):30-34.
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Experiments have been ongoing in this project since 2004 and continued through the reporting period. Specifically, for this reporting period, the project entitled "Effect of Nitrogen Source on Nitrate-N Leaching" has continued during this reporting period. Data analysis has been conducted on previous and current years projects, results summarized and manuscripts are in various stages of publication. The North Central Florida Commercial Turfgrass Field Day was held on the research site and this research was one of the projects discussed with attendees. Master Gardener and agent trainings were also conducted onsite. At these events, copies of the "Green Industries Best Management Practices" manual were disseminated to the audiences. Additional outreach activities relative to this research were conducted statewide through the Green Industries Best Management Practices Educational Program, a 6-hr Certificate class that is now required for all commercial fertilizer applicators. Approximately xx people were certified in this class statewide during the reporting period. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: J. Bryan Unruh - Co PI J.B Sartain - Co PI J. L. Cisar - Co PI Michael Thomas - FDEP project manager Basil Wetherington - Biological Scientist and QA Officer Partner Organizations: Florida Dept of Environmental Protection Collaborators: Center for Florida Friendly Landscaping Training: Amy Cai - MS student Ronald Castillo - MS student TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include the commercial lawn care, landscape maintenance, turfgrass, and pest control industry, regulatory agencies, homeowners, students, Master Gardeners, and Extension agents. Efforts include Green Industry Best Management Practices Education Program, field days, seminars, classroom education, in-service trainings, and other informal educational opportunities. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: J. Bryan Unruh - Co PI J.B Sartain - Co PI J. L. Cisar - Co PI Michael Thomas - FDEP project manager Basil Wetherington - Biological Scientist and QA Officer Partner Organizations: Florida Dept of Environmental Protection Collaborators: Center for Florida Friendly Landscaping Training Amy Cai - MS student Ronald Castillo - MS student Training opportunities include Green Industry Best Management Practices Education Program, field days, seminars, classroom education, in-service trainings, and other informal educational opportunities. TARGET AUDIENCES: TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include the commercial lawn care, landscape maintenance, turfgrass, and pest control industry, regulatory agencies, homeowners, students, Master Gardeners, and Extension agents. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
During this reporting period, 84% of attendees (3880 total) demonstrated increased knowledge of the Green Industries Best Management Practices and turf fertilization and nutrient leaching per pre and post class tests. 365 people involved in direct outreach activities at the research site reported increased knowledge related to turf fertilization and nutrient leaching. Of the attendees, approximately 50% percent of the class indicated that they already followed the BMPs. Of the remaining attendees, 50% of them reported that they have altered their fertilization habits as a result of the research and the knowledge gained in the class. During this reporting period, we have specifically determined that 1) nitrate-N leaching following fertilization of newly planted turf is more dependent upon timing than N rates, with the exception of very high rates of applied N, that St. Augustinegrass shows little difference in nitrate-N leaching after planting regardless of N rate, but that fertilization should be postponed for 30-60 days following planting regardless of species. 2)nitrate-N leaching in St. Augustinegrass does not vary due to N rate, unless N is applied at excessive rates, while zoysiagrass may show increased nitrate-N leaching as N rate increases. 3) St. Augustinegrass maintains very low levels of nitrate-N leaching when fertilized during winter months, except when N is applied at very high rates, while zoysiagrass has higher rates of nitrate-N leaching through the winter. Both grasses leach more nitrate-N in the winter and early spring than in the fall. 4) when N is applied at the rates recommended by UF-IFAS to St. Augustinegrass, there is no difference in nitrate-N leaching between control plots, quick-release urea-treated plots, and various slow-release N sources. There was greater nitrate-N leaching from plots that received quick-release ammonium nitrate.
Publications
- Trenholm, L.E., J. Bryan Unruh, and Jerry B. Sartain. 2010. Nitrate leaching and turf quality in established Floratam St. Augustinegrass and Empire Zoysiagrass. Crop Sci. Accepted.
- Trenholm, L.E. and J.B. Sartain. 2010. Turf nutrient leaching and best management practices in Florida. Hort Tech. 20(1):107-110.
- Trenholm, L.E., J.K. Kruse and J. Bryan Unruh. 2010. The Lawn Fertilizer Toolbox. ENH1174, EDIS Database.
- Trenholm, L.E. 2010. Warm Season Grass Growth. Florida Pest Pro 6(10):18-20.
- Trenholm, L.E., J.L. Cisar, J.B. Sartain, J.B. Unruh. 2010. Warm-Season Turfgrass BMP Verification: WM869 Year 4 Annual Report. SUbmitted to Florida Department of Environmental Protection.
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Experiments have been ongoing in this project and continued through the reporting period. Specifically, for this reporting period, the projects entitled "Fertilization of Dormant and Semi-dormant Grasses" and "Effect of Nitrogen Source on Nitrate-N Leaching" have continued during this reporting period. Data analysis has been conducted on previous and current years projects. The North Central Florida Commercial Turfgrass Field Day and the Master Gardener Turfgrass Field Day were held on the research site and this research was one of the projects discussed with attendees. Additional Master Gardener trainings were also conducted onsite. At these events, copies of the "Green Industries Best Management Practices" manual were disseminated to the audiences. Additional outreach activities relative to this research were conducted statewide through the Green Industries Best Management Practices Educational Program, a 6-hr Certificate class that is now required for all commercial fertilizer applicators. Approximately xx people were certified in this class statewide during the reporting period. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: J. Bryan Unruh - Co PI J.B Sartain - Co PI J. L. Cisar - Co PI Michael Thomas - FDEP project manager Basil Wetherington - Biological Scientist and QA Officer Partner Organizations: Florida Dept of Environmental Protection Collaborators: Center for Florida Friendly Landscaping Training: Shweta Sharma - MS student Jinbae Yong - MS student Amy Cai - MS student Ronald Castillo - MS student TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include the commercial lawn care, landscape maintenance, turfgrass, and pest control industry, regulatory agencies, homeowners, students, Master Gardeners, and Extension agents. Efforts include Green Industry Best Management Practices Education Program, field days, seminars, classroom education, in-service trainings, and other informal educational opportunities. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Through the reporting period, XX people demonstrated increased knowledge of the Green Industries Best Management Practices and turf fertilization and nutrient leaching per pre and post class tests. 164 people involved in direct outreach activities at the research site reported increased knowledge related to turf fertilization and nutrient leaching. XX percent of the class attendees reported that they have altered their fertilization habits as a result of the research and the knowledge gained in the class. During this reporting period, we have specifically determined that 1) nitrate-N leaching following fertilization of newly planted turf is more dependent upon timing than N rates, with the esception of very high rates of applied N, that St. Augustinegrass shows little difference in nitrate-N leaching after planting regardless of N rate, but that fertilization should be postponed for 30-60 days following planting regardless of species. 2)nitrate-N leaching in St. Augustinegrass does not vary due to N rate, unless N is applied at excessive rates, while zoysiagrass may show increased nitrate-N leaching as N rate increases. 3) St. Augustinegrass maintains very low levels of nitrate-N leaching when fertilized during winter months, except when N is applied at very high rates, while zoysiagrass has much higher rates of nitrate-N leaching through the winter. 4) when N is applied at the rates recommended by UF-IFAS to St. Augustinegrass, there is no difference in nitrate-N leaching between control plots, quick-release urea-treated plots, and various slow-release N sources. There was greater nitrate-N leaching from plots that received quick-release ammonium nitrate.
Publications
- Liu, M. J. B. Sartain, L. E. Trenholm, and W. G. Harris. 2009. Comparison of soil test P procedures for St. Augustinegrass. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 40:2234-2247.
- Trenholm, L.E. and J.B. Sartain. 2009. Turf nutrient leaching and best management practices in Florida. Hort Tech. In press.
- Rainey, D.P. and L.E. Trenholm. 2009. The value of the best management practices Outreach education program. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc.
- Trenholm, L.E. 2009. Best management practices for home lawns. Florida Turf Digest 26(5):12-19.
- Trenholm, L.E. 2009. Extra! All fertilizer ordinances now repealed! Florida Pest Pro. 5(1):5-7.
- Trenholm, L.E. 2009. New law requires fertilizer application certification.. 2009. Florida Pest Pro 5(7):5-8.
- Trenholm, L.E. 2009. Lawn mowing basics. Florida Pest Pro. 5(10):19-21.
- Trenholm, L.E. 2009. Some of my favorite turf mythconceptions. Florida Pest Pro. 5(2):10-11.
- Trenholm, L.E., E.F. Gilman, G. Denny, and J.Bryan Unruh. 2009. Fertilization and Irrigation Needs for Florida Lawns and Landscapes. UF/IFAS EDIS database; http.edis.ifas.ufl.edu. EP110. Trenholm, L.E. and K. Kenworthy. Captiva St. Augustinegrass. 2009. UF/IFAS EDIS database; http.edis.ifas.ufl.edu. EP398.
- Sartain, J.B., L.E. Trenholm, E.F. Gilman, T.A. Obreza, and G. Toor. 2009. Frequently asked questions about landscape fertilization for Florida-friendly landscaping ordinances. UF/IFAS EDIS database; http.edis.ifas.ufl.edu. WQ14300.
- Sharma, S., L.E. Trenholm, J.B. Unruh, and J.B. Sartain. 2009 Effect of fertilizer leaching rates and mowing heights on nitrate leaching from St. Augustingrass. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. OGL-14.
- Trenholm, L.E. and J.B. Unruh. 2009. Central Florida fertilizer trials on Empire zoysiagrass and Pensacola bahiagrass. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. OGL-12.
- Trenholm, L.E., J.B. sartain, and J.B. Unruh. 2009. Nitrate-N leaching from newly sodded St. Augustinegrass (abstract). CSSA Conference Proceedings, Pittsburgh, PA. Nov, 2009.
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