TRANSFORMING HORTICULTURAL MARKETS IN EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE MICHIGAN AGRIFOOD SECTOR

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 0216589
• Project Start Date: Oct 1, 2008
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2013
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
(N/A)
EAST LANSING,MI 48824

Performing Department
Agricultural, Food, & Resource Economics

Non Technical Summary
Horticultural product markets are growing extremely quickly in the Emerging Market countries - in particular in developing-Asia and Latin America, during the globalization period starting roughly in the late 1980s early 1990s. The growth is taking place both in demand and in supply. The demand side is transforming quickly with the rapid rise of supermarkets in these regions, as well as the modernization of the wholesale and processing sectors. These demand-side trends mean that the Emerging Markets have become growth opportunities for Michigan exporters of horticultural products. The supply-side trends also imply opportunities, this time for joint ventures with large and medium companies that are emerging. But the trends also imply challenges, as the Emerging Markets producers are becoming formidable competitors in the world market, including in the US market. The research will focus on understanding these trends, drawing the strategic implications for Michigan horticultural industry, and disseminating the results through workshops, bulletins, and other publications.

Animal Health Component

(N/A)

Research Effort Categories

Basic

(N/A)

Applied

(N/A)

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
604	1099	3010	10%
604	1199	3010	10%
604	1499	3010	10%
604	6120	3010	10%
604	6220	3010	10%
606	1099	3010	10%
606	1199	3010	10%
606	1499	3010	10%
606	6120	3010	10%
606	6220	3010	10%

Knowledge Area
604 - Marketing and Distribution Practices; 606 - International Trade and Development;

Subject Of Investigation
6120 - International economy and sectors thereof; 1499 - Vegetables, general/other; 1099 - Tropical/subtropical fruit, general/other; 1199 - Deciduous and small fruits, general/other; 6220 - Marketing, processing, and supply firms other than cooperatives;

Field Of Science
3010 - Economics;

Keywords

horticulture

international

exports

markets

asia

latin america

Goals / Objectives
The first objective of the work is to research the horticultural markets from the demand and supply sides primarily in developing-Asia and to a secondary extent in Latin America. The second objective of the work is to research and understand the entire supply chains of various horticultural products, thus covering every segment of the chain, from retail, food service, second stage processing, wholesale and other logistics and service providers, first stage processing, farms, and input suppliers. This will by implication mean the research will apply to procurement systems of food industry companies, for domestic and imported products, as well as export systems. The focus will be on the transformed or modernized/restructured parts of the segments, but will also include attention to the traditional parts, both because these are still in the majority in the Emerging Markets, but also because they also constitute opportunities and challenges. The third objective will be to research consumption changes, in particular in urban areas, in terms of products consumed and shopping formats used. The fourth objective is to research both temperate fruits and vegetables grown and/or consumed in the Emerging Market countries, as well as tropical products. While the justification for the temperate products is obvious, that of tropical products requires justification. The latter is that these present an excellent opportunity for joint ventures by Michigan firms. An example is that of North Bay Coop in Michigan, which is in joint venture with Argentine and Chilean firms for temperate products on off-season, and tropical products from joint venture partners in Brazil year round. This diversity of products is requested and desired by large retailers in the US and elsewhere and allows North Bay Coop to be competitive through being a "one stop shop." Helping them understand the tropical fruit industry in Emerging Markets contributes directly to that positioning. The fifth objective is to undertake outreach with the results of this field research to stakeholder groups in Michigan's agrifood sector (including both public and private actors) in order to derive strategic positioning implications for Michigan's agrifood industry; those implications include understanding the challenges and opportunities implied by the observed trends, and thinking about potential strategic business responses to trends. The outputs include activities, publications, and presentations. First, the activities include value chain analyses of various (to be decided) temperate and tropical produce items in developing-Asia (mainly) and Latin America (secondarily). This will involve surveys and key-informant interviews of firms/farms in each segment of the value chain, and consumers. Second, the publications include peer-reviewed academic journal articles, as well as briefs, bulletins, and news articles to inform industry. Third, the presentations will include talks at produce-related conferences in Michigan and in the US (where Michigan delegates attend), and workshops I organize.

Project Methods
The research methods are well known and standard. The main tool is the value chain analysis. This takes each segment of the supply chain, noted above, and examines the segments from macro, meso, and micro perspectives. For the macro perspective, the industrial-organization characteristics of the industry area studied, such as the growth and concentration of the sector. For the meso perspective, the industrial-organization characteristics of each segment of the supply chain are studied. For the micro perspective, the variation over actors in a segment, their evolution, and the patterns, determinants, and effects of their behavior (consumption, production, marketing, input acquisition, organization) are assessed. For each segment of the supply chain, volumes, costs, profits, technology, industrial organization structure, and institutions (such as standards and contracts) and organization (such as associations and existing joint ventures) are assessed. A key point is that it is, in the very great majority of cases, impossible to do the above work "from the desk" in East Lansing. That is because extremely few secondary data are available on these sectors, the way the might in the US or Europe, and so extensive field work is necessary. The methods used for the value chain analysis are three: use of secondary data where available, interviews with key informants, and semi-structured and structured surveys using formal questionnaires. Typically one wants to do the latter with moderate to large samples of the actors in the segment in order to have statistical robustness of the analysis. Moreover, it is standard to undertake either fully random sampling for the latter, or stratified random sampling. The evaluation of the work will be done by key informants evaluating the work in seminar presentations in the Emerging Market countries, Michigan stakeholders evaluating the relevance of the results, and the academic community evaluating the work via the peer-reviewed publications.

Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Policymakers and businesses in Michigan, US and international academics and US policymakers Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Three Ph.D students and 1 masters student How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Articles, speeches, and direct discussions with businesses and policymakers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Numerous speeches in US and Asia to business and policy audiences; the publications listed in this form; incorporating insights from Asia markets work in my teaching at MSU; informing Michigan businesses that participate in my undergraduate course as speakers (about their export work) of Asian markets.

Publications

• Type: Books Status: Accepted Year Published: 2012 Citation: Reardon, T., K.Z. Chen, B. Minten, and L. Adriano. 2012. The Quiet Revolution in Staple Food Value Chains in Asia: Enter the Dragon, the Elephant, and the Tiger. Asian Development Bank and IFPRI, December.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Wang, H., F. Yu, T. Reardon, J. Huang, and S. Rozelle. 2013. Social Learning and Parameter Uncertainty in Irreversible Investments: Evidence from Greenhouse Adoption in Northern China, China Economic Review, (27): 104-120.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Masters, W.A., A. Andersson Djurfeldt, C. De Haan, P. Hazell, T. Jayne, M. Jirstr�m, T. Reardon. 2013. Urbanization and farm size in Asia and Africa: Implications for food security and agricultural research, Global Food Security, (2) September: 156-165.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Yang, J., Z. Huang, X. Zhang, T. Reardon. 2013. The Rapid Rise of Cross-Regional Agricultural Mechanization Services in China, American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 95(5), October: 1245-1251.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Minten, B., KAS Murshid, and T. Reardon. 2013. Food quality changes and implications: Evidence from the rice value chain of Bangladesh, World Development, 42, February: 100-113.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Reardon, T., C.P. Timmer, and B. Minten. 2012. The Supermarket Revolution in Asia and Emerging Development Strategies to Include Small Farmers, PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA. 109(31), July 31: 12332-12337.

Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The outputs include research activities, publications, and presentations. First, the activities include value chain analyses of various temperate and tropical produce items in developing-Asia (mainly) and Latin America (secondarily). This involved surveys and key-informant interviews of firms/farms in each segment of the value chain, and consumers. Second, the publications included peer-reviewed academic journal articles, as well as briefs, bulletins, and news articles to inform industry. Third, the presentations include talks at produce-related conferences in the US (where Michigan delegates attend). PARTICIPANTS: International Food Policy Research Institute Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies Asian Development Bank Central American University Kevin Chen Bart Minten Lourdes Adriano Khan Murshid Peter Timmer Francisco Perez Hope Michelson TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
The research was disseminated to particular businesses as well as general audiences. Several impacts are noted. First, I was able to inform about Asian markets several Michigan firms with which I had interaction via my teaching. Second, I was able both to inform and to inspire to international food industry careers students in my undergraduate teaching. Third, the results of my research were presented and discussed to USAID and USDA audiences in India, China, Philippines, and Indonesia, thus aiding American policymakers, technical assistance, and businesses to formulate their strategies for market engagement in Asia. Fourth, my written reports and articles were used and cited by USDA, USAID, and other American groups formulating strategies for market development in Asia.

Publications

• Reardon, T., K.Z. Chen, B. Minten, and L. Adriano. 2012. The Quiet Revolution in Staple Food Value Chains in Asia: Enter the Dragon, the Elephant, and the Tiger. Book, Asian Development Bank and IFPRI, November.
• Reardon, T., C.P. Timmer, and B. Minten. 2012. The Supermarket Revolution in Asia and Emerging Development Strategies to Include Small Farmers. PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA. 109(31), July 31: 12332-12337.
• Minten, B., KAS Murshid, and T. Reardon. 2012. Food quality changes and implications: Evidence from the rice value chain of Bangladesh. World Development. Online version appeared August.
• Reardon, T. and C.P. Timmer. 2012. The Economics of the Food System Revolution. Annual Review of Resource Economics. 14: 225-264.
• Michelsen, H., T. Reardon, and F. Perez. 2012. Small Farmers And Big Retail: Trade-Offs of Supplying Supermarkets In Nicaragua. World Development, 40(2): 342-354.
• Reardon, T., and B. Minten. 2012. The Quiet Revolution in India Food Supply Chains. In M. Ferroni, editor. Transforming Indian Agriculture, India 2040: Productivity, Markets, and Institutions. New Delhi: SAGE.

Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The key outputs in 2011 include, first, research on Asian horticultural economies and markets in India,Indonesia, China, Nicaragua. Second dissemination of the results from 2011 research and prior research to US audiences in general, and Michigan stakeholders. Third speeches and other interactions I undertook in foreign countries that were, inter alia, the occasion of strategic learning by me to pass along to US stakeholders. Fourth, dissemination to undergraduates at Michigan State University of insights on Asian and Latin American produce markets to form future generation of leaders. Fifth, I put in substantial effort as codirector of the Michigan State University and International Food Policy Research Institute joint program on Markets in Asia especially on research on supermarkets, rural business hubs, and trade. Sixth, I deepened link with Wholesale Markets Association of the Asia Pacific and their China chapter in particular. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The research was disseminated to particular businesses as well as general audiences. Several impacts are noted. First, I was able to inform about Asian markets several Michigan firms with which I had interaction via my teaching. Second, I was able both to inform and to inspire to international food industry careers students in my undergraduate teaching. Third, the results of my research were presented and discussed to USAID and USDA audiences in India, China, ERS, Nicaragua, and Indonesia, thus aiding American policymakers, technical assistance, and businesses to formulate their strategies for market engagement in Asia. Fourth, my written reports and articles were used and cited by USDA, Produce Marketing Association, USAID, and other American groups formulating strategies for market development in Asia and Latin America.

Publications

• Reardon, T. and B. Minten. 2011. Surprised by Supermarkets: Diffusion of Modern Food Retail in India. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 1(2). October: 134-161
• Gomez, M.I., C. B. Barrett, L. E. Buck, H. De Groote, S. Ferris, H.O. Gao, E. McCullough, D.D. Miller, H. Outhred, A.N. Pell, T. Reardon, M. Retnanestri, R. Ruben, P. Struebi, J. Swinnen, M. A. Touesnard, K. Weinberger, J.D.H. Keatinge, M.B. Milstein, R.Y. Yang. 2011. Research Principles for Developing Country Food Value Chains. Science 332(6034), 3 June: 1154-1155
• Reardon, T. and M. Dillon. 2011. Crossfire: Is the growth of supermarkets in developing countries to the detriment of small-scale producers Food Chain 1(1)
• Reardon, T. and B. Minten. 2011. The Quiet Revolution in India Food Supply Chains. IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 01115. September. Washington, DC: IFPRI.

Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The key outputs in 2010 include, first, research on Asian horticultural economies and markets in India,Indonesia, China, Philippines. Second dissemination of the results from 2010 research and prior research to US audiences in general, and Michigan stakeholders. Third speeches and other interactions I undertook in foreign countries that were, inter alia, the occasion of strategic learning by me to pass along to US stakeholders. Fourth, dissemination to undergraduates at Michigan State University of insights on Asian produce markets to form future generation of leaders. Fifth, I put in substantial effort as codirector of the Michigan State University and International Food Policy Research Institute joint program on Markets in Asia especially on research on supermarkets, rural business hubs, and trade. Sixth, I established link with Wholesale Markets Association of the Asia Pacific and gave keynote speech in China at their third annual conference. PARTICIPANTS: Reardon, Thomas TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The research was disseminated to particular businesses as well as general audiences. Several impacts are noted. First, I was able to inform about Asian markets several Michigan firms with which I had interaction via my teaching. Second, I was able both to inform and to inspire to international food industry careers students in my undergraduate teaching. Third, the results of my research were presented and discussed to USAID and USDA audiences in India, China, ERS, Philippines, and Indonesia, thus aiding American policymakers, technical assistance, and businesses to formulate their strategies for market engagement in Asia. Fourth, my written reports and articles were used and cited by USDA, Chicago Global Affairs Council, USAID, and other American groups formulating strategies for market development in Asia.

Publications

• Reardon, T., C.P. Timmer, and B. Minten. 2010. The Supermarket Revolution in Asia and Emerging Development Strategies to Include Small Farmers. PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. December 6 (officially posted online by PNAS before print edition).
• Dentoni, D. and T. Reardon. 2010. Small Farms Building Global Brands through Social Networks. Journal of Chain and Network Science, December.
• Minten, B., T. Reardon, and R. Sutradhar. 2010. Food Prices and Modern Retail: The case of Delhi. World Development, 38(12): 1775-1787.
• Haggblade, S., P.B.R. Hazell, and T. Reardon. 2010. The Rural Nonfarm Economy: Prospects for Growth and Poverty Reduction. World Development. 38(10): 1429-1441
• Reardon, T., S. Henson, and A. Gulati. 2010. Links between Supermarkets and Food Prices, Diet Diversity and Food Safety in Developing Countries. Chapter 7 in C. Hawkes, C. Blouin, S. Henson, N. Drager, and L. Dube (editors). Trade, Food, Diet and Health: Perspectives and Policy Options. Wiley-Blackwell. January. Pages 111-130.
• Reardon, T., K. Chen, Z. Kan, D. Hu. 2010. The Transforming Rice Value Chain in China: The Rice Road from Heilongjiang to Beijing. Report of Value Chains Component of Asian Development Bank RETA (13th) IFPRI Project on Policies For Ensuring Food Security In South And Southeast Asia. November.
• Reardon, T., K. Chen, X. Guo, D. Hu. 2010. The Transforming Potato Value Chain in China: Potato Pathways from Poor Areas in Gansu to Beijing. Report of Value Chains Component of Asian Development Bank RETA (13th) IFPRI Project on Policies For Ensuring Food Security In South And Southeast Asia. December.
• Das Gupta, S., T. Reardon, B. Minten, S. Singh. 2010. The Transforming Potato Value Chain in India: From a Commercialized-Agriculture Zone (Agra) to Delhi. Report of Value Chains Component of Asian Development Bank RETA (13th) IFPRI Project on Policies For Ensuring Food Security In South And Southeast Asia. October.
• Das Gupta, S., T. Reardon, B. Minten, S. Singh. 2010. The Transforming Rice Value Chain in India: From a Commercialized-Agriculture Zone in Western Uttar Pradesh to Delhi. Report of Value Chains Component of Asian Development Bank RETA (13th) IFPRI Project on Policies For Ensuring Food Security In South And Southeast Asia. December.
• Minten, B., T. Reardon, K.M. Singh, R. Sutradhar. 2010. The Potato Value Chain and Benefits of Cold Storages: Evidence from Bihar (India). Report of IFPRI Project for IFAD and the National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) of India. December
• B. Minten, T. Reardon, K. Chen, in collaboration with S. Das Gupta, Z. Kan, X. Guo, and M. Punjabi. 2010. The Quiet Revolution of "Traditional" Agricultural Value Chains in Asia: Evidence from Staple Food Supply to Four Mega-Cities. Report of Value Chains Component of Asian Development Bank RETA (13th) IFPRI Project on Policies For Ensuring Food Security In South And Southeast Asia. December.
• Reardon, T., B. Minten, A. Gulati, M. Punjabi, S. DasGupta, S. Rajendran, and A. Sarawgi. 2010. Rural Business Hubs: Business Catalysts for Rural Competitiveness with Inclusiveness: Findings of Farm Household, Trader, and Input Retailer Surveys in Madhya Pradesh, with Implications for Agribusiness Innovations and Government Policies. Report of IFPRI/USAID-PIKA Project, December.
• Reardon, T., B. Minten, A. Gulati, M. Punjabi, S. DasGupta, S. Rajendran, and S. Singh. 2010. Rural Business Hubs: Business Catalysts for Rural Competitiveness with Inclusiveness: Findings of Farm Household, Trader, and Input Retailer Surveys in Uttar Pradesh, with Implications for Agribusiness Innovations and Government Policies. Report of IFPRI/USAID-PIKA Project, December.
• Suudi, HWP, R. Natawidjaja, H. Harahap, DM Yusuf. 2010. Inception Plan Document for Mango Trader Survey in West Nusatenggara. Report of IFPRI/MSU/CAPAS to ACIAR in Project Smallholder Participation in Indonesian Mango and Mangosteen Value Chain.
• Lopez, MLT, L. Digal, T. Reardon, R. Hernandez, N. Laorden. 2010. The Impact of Modern Retail on Traditional Retail in the Philippines: Focus on Produce in Metro Manila. Report of MSU to Asian Development Bank Under Project Strengthening Institutions For Investment Climate And Competitiveness. May.
• Romo, GD, L Digal, and T. Reardon. 2010. Transformation of Food Retail in the Philippines. Report of MSU to Asian Development Bank under Project Strengthening Institutions For Investment Climate And Competitiveness, June.
• Hernandez, R., ML Fang-Asan, L. Digal, T. Reardon, and B. Minten. 2010. Lettuce Farmers, Product Cycles, Technology Change, and Modern Market Participation in Benguet and Mountain Province, the Philippines: Evidence and Implications. Report of MSU to Asian Development Bank under Project Strengthening Institutions For Investment Climate And Competitiveness. June.
• Dela Cruz, A., R. Hernandez, L. Digal, T. Reardon, S. Qanti, and B. Minten. 2010. Mango Farmers, Sprayer-Traders, and Modern Market Channel Participation in Pangasinan Province, Philippines: Survey-based Evidence and Implications. Report of MSU to Asian Development Bank under project Strengthening Institutions for Investment Climate and Competitiveness. April. Reardon, T., A. Gulati, and B. Minten. 2010. The Transformation of Food Retail in India and its Impact Downstream and Upstream in the Food System. Report of IFPRI/MSU Joint Program to IFPRI.
• Das Gupta, S. and T. Reardon. 2010. Economics of Fresh Potato Value Chains in India: A Review of the Literature. Report submitted January 4 under the Value Chains Component of the IFPRI Project under ADB RETA 13th, Policies for Ensuring Food Security in South and Southeast Asia.
• Natawidjaja, R., H. Harahap, Dea, M. Yusuf, H. Suudi, and T. Reardon. 2010. Mango Value Chains in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: Key-Informant Study Report, February.

Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The key outputs in 2009 include, first, research on Asian horticultural economies and markets (India, Indonesia, and the Philippines); second, dissemination of the results from 2009 research and prior research to US audiences in general, and Michigan stakeholders; third, speeches and other interactions I undertook in foreign countries that were, inter alia, the occasion of strategic learning by me to pass along to US stakeholders; fourth, dissemination to undergraduates at Michigan State University of insights on Asian produce markets to form future generation of leaders; fifth, I put in substantial effort as codirector of the Michigan State University and International Food Policy Research Institute joint program on Markets in Asia; sixth, I attended five high level summits of the World Economic forum including the meeting in Davos, the Global Alliance Council on Food Security, and summits in India, Africa, and Latin America. PARTICIPANTS: The main collaborator in the overall Asia work is the International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi Office in India. My department at MSU has a long-term Joint Program on Markets in Asia with IFPRI that I set up in 2007. The main collaborator in the Indonesia work in Indonesia is the Universitas Padjadjaran. The main collaborators in the Philippines work is the University of the Philippines at Diliman and Central Luzon State University. The main collaborators in the China work are the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main Indian collaborators are in the University of Allahabad, Madhya Pradesh, and the Indian Center for International Economic Research in Delhi. Students and faculty from the universities noted above, and graduate students at Michigan State University, were trained in these collaborative projects. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences include the following: first, Michigan food and agribusiness companies, commodity groups, and Michigan government and extension; second, United States agrifood companies, commodity groups, and USDA; third, US and foreign academia, donors, foundations; fourth, collaborator countries research organizations and farmers and agribusinesses. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The research was disseminated to particular businesses as well as general audiences. Several impacts are noted. First, I was able to inform about Asian markets several Michigan firms with which I had interaction via my teaching. Second, I was able both to inform and to inspire to international food industry careers students in my undergraduate teaching. Third, the results of my research were presented and discussed to USAID and USDA audiences in India and Indonesia, thus aiding American policymakers, technical assistants, and businesses to formulate their strategies for market engagement in Asia. Fourth, my written reports and articles were used and cited by USDA and other American groups formulating strategies for market development in Asia.

Publications

• Davis, B., P. Winters, T. Reardon, and K. Stamoulis. (Guest Editors). 2009. "Rural Nonfarm Employment and Farming: Household-level Linkages," Agricultural Economics 40(2).
• Reardon, T., C.B. Barrett, J.A. Berdegue, and J.F.M. Swinnen. (Guest Editors), 2009. "Agrifood Industry Transformation and Farmers in Developing Countries", World Development. 37(11), November.
• Reardon, T., C.B. Barrett, J.A. Berdegue, J. Swinnen. 2009. "Agrifood Industry Transformation and Farmers in Developing Countries," World Development. 37(11), November.
• Davis, B., P. Winters, T. Reardon, and K. Stamoulis. 2009. "Rural Nonfarm Employment and Farming: Household-level Linkages," Agricultural Economics 40(2): 119-123. Wang, H., X. Dong, S. Rozelle, J. Huang, and T. Reardon. 2009. "Producing and Procuring Horticultural Crops with Chinese Characteristics: The Case of Northern China", World Development. 37(11), November.
• Neven, D., M. Odera, T. Reardon, and H. Wang. 2009. "Kenyan Supermarkets and Emerging Middle-Class Horticultural Farmers, and Employment Impacts on Rural Poor," World Development. 37(11), November.
• Reardon, T., S. Henson, and A. Gulati. 2009. "Links between Supermarkets and Food Prices, Diet Diversity and Food Safety in Developing Countries," Chapter 7 in C. Hawkes, C. Blouin, S. Henson, N. Drager, and Laurette Dube (editors). Trade, Food, Diet and Health: Perspectives and Policy Options. Wiley-Blackwell.
• DasGupta, S., T. Reardon, S. Singh, M. Punjabi, B. Minten, and A. Gulati. 2009. Input Retail in Uttar Pradesh: comparing the categories of traditional, government, and private modern input retailers: Rural Services Survey Results Note 4. Report by IFPRI/NDO for USAID/Delhi in the PIKA Project.
• Minten, B., T. Reardon, A. Vandeplas. 2009. Linking Urban Consumers and Rural Farmers in India: A Comparison of Traditional and Modern Food Supply Chains. IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 00833. August. Washington, DC: IFPRI.
• Reardon, T. 2009. "Theme 1, Evaluative Report and Summary on Supply/Value Chains, Market Access, and Linkages," annex in the Final Report of the UNIDO International Conference on Sharing Innovative Agribusiness Solutions: From Farms to Markets: Providing Know-how and Finance, Cairo, Egypt, November 26-27, 2008, Vienna: UNIDO, May 2009.
• Reardon, T. 2009. Value Chain Research to Improve "Efficiency with Equity" for Asian Food Security: Research Issues, Concepts, and Methodology to Open the Black Box of the Market, report submitted to Asian Development Bank via IFPRI New Delhi Office for Value Chains Component, IFPRI project for ADB RETA 13th. "Policies for Ensuring Food Security in South and Southeast Asia". April.
• Haggblade, S., P. Hazell, and T. Reardon. 2009. "Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World." IFPRI Issues Brief no. 58. February.