Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Target audience for this project includes the scientific community involved in bioactive food component investigations, the functional foods industries, and the consumers of fruits, vegetables, and other phytochemically-enriched plant foods Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This project provided opportunities for 2 graduate research students and one postdoctoral research associate. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? In a series of publications (previously reported) and multiple lectures and seminars both nationally and internationally What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goals and Objectives: Using cutting-edge technology and instrumentation, validate traditional indigenous knowledge regarding underappreciated or unknown non-domesticated, locally-harvested produce growing on sites throughout the world. Many wild plants traditionally-valued in Native American/Alaska Native populations, or by tribal groups in African or Asian communities, are subsistence staples used for health protection, yet these same food sources typically have not been subjected to scientific scrutiny. This project will 1) apply modern phytochemical separation and analysis tactics to standardize extracts of native plant materials and characterize composition 2) conduct proven in vitro and in vivo bioassays on the extracts, relevant to the purported health benefit, 3) validate (or counter) the traditional knowledge regarding the food source, and partner with local communities to further develop the indigenous food source as a potential commodity, while protecting the natural growing environments.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: OUTPUTS: We completed global survey and investigation of sweet potato phytochemical constituents (via Brazil, Europe, Australasia) and compiled a comprehensive meta-analysis which was presented to the NC Sweet Potato Commission - a compilation of health-relevant research on kumara/sweet potato/yam on a global scale. Recruited a Kannapolis Scholar candidate (Marcus Lawrence) in cooperation with Dr. Andrew Shanely (ASU) for analysis of phytoecdysteroids in Ajuga germplasm. Worked with a Kenan Fellows Scholar (Jeff Walter, a teacher at Pfeiffer College) to facilitate bioexploration of health relevant indigenous plant materials in Alaska and North Dakota. Completed analysis of health-relevant phytochemicals impacted by processing in wild blueberries composite samples. The first public scientific disclosures regarding our new functional food sorption technology were made during this time frame for blueberry and cranberry polyphenol stabilization and concentration on solid protein matrices. Completed our work on anti-malarial bioactives (alkaloids) from North American plants under the sponsorship of Medicines for Malaria Venture. PARTICIPANTS: Mary Ann Lila (PI), Mary H. Grace (research associate), Flaubert Mbeunkui (research associate), Andrew Shanely (collaborator). TARGET: Audiences reached via international and national presentations at Experimental Biology and SENESCYT conferences. MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
IMPACT: Results from our investigations of bioactive flavonoids in wildcrafted species were presented by invitation at the 2011 Annual Alaska Native Diabetes Conference in Anchorage (December 2011), and by invitation to the Dogwood Chapter IFT and American Chemical Societies (November 2011). Other media highlights include free-lance coverage of our work in COSMOS (the Australian Journal of all things Science) by free-lance reporter Jessica Wapner, and segments on NPR (The People's Pharmacy).
Publications
- PUBLICATIONS: not previously reported 2011/10/1-2012/9/30 Flint, Courtney, Josh Kellogg, Mallory Dolan, Lama BouFajreldin, Ewan Robinson, Gary Ferguson, Ilya Raskin, and Mary Ann Lila. 2011. Promoting wellness in Alaskan villages: Integrating traditional knowledge and science of wild berries. EcoHealth 8:199-209. Mbeunkui, Flaubert, Mary H. Grace, Carmen Lategan, Peter J. Smith, Ilya Raskin and Mary Ann Lila. 2011. Isolation and identification of antiplasmodial N-alkylamides from Spilanthes acmella flowers using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography and ESI-IT-TOF-MS. Journal of Chromatography B 879:1886-1892. Rojo, Leonel, David Ribnicky, Sithes Logendra, Alex Poulev, Patricio Rojas, Peter Kuhn, Ruth Dorn, Andrew Oren, Mary Grace, Robert Havenaar, Mary Ann Lila, and Ilya Raskin. 2012. In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic effects of anthocyanins from maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis). Food Chemistry 131:387-396. Lila, Mary Ann, David M. Ribnicky, Leonel E. Rojo, Patricio Rojas-Silva, Andrew Oren, Robert Havenaar, Elsa M. Janle, Ilya Raskin, Gad G. Yousef, and Mary H. Grace. 2012. Complementary approaches to gauge the bioavailability and distribution of ingested berry polyphenolics. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60:5763-5771 Mbeunkui, Flaubert, Mary H. Grace, Carmen Lategan, Peter J. Smith, Ilya Raskin and Mary Ann Lila. 2012. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of indole alkaloids from the stem bark of Geissospermum vellosii. J Ethnopharmacology 139:471-477. Roopchand, Diana E., Mary H. Grace, Peter Kuhn, Diana M. Cheng, Nathalie Plundrich, Alexander Poulev, Amy Howell, Bertold Fridlender, Mary Ann Lila and Ilya Raskin 2012. Efficient sorption of polyphenols in soybean flour enables natural fortification of foods. Food Chemistry 131: 1193-1200.
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Complete phytochemical characterizations were complete for cranberries (fresh, freeze-dried, and cranberry products such as NFC juice, pasteurized juice from concentrate, and sweetened dried cranberries). In addition, comparitive analyses were conducted on individual tissues from the berry fruit separately - seeds, skins, and flesh. Similarly, comparative phytochemical analyses were conducted for wild blueberry fruits subjected to a range of postharvest handling, storage, and culinary preparation steps prior to consumption The International Workshop on Anthocyanins (IWA2011) was hosted here at the North Carolina Research Campus for the first time in North America. This conference brought 90 participants from around the globe to concentrate on late breaking research in one bioactive food component - the anthocyanin red pigments inherent in fruits, vegetables, and herbal botanicals. PARTICIPANTS: Project goals were pursued by the PI (Mary Ann LIla), Senior Research Associate Mary H. Grace, and Postdoctoral Research Associate Sally Gustafson. Support was provided through the Wild Blueberry Association of North America and the Cranberry Network. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences were both scientific (reached through refereed journal publications and national and international venues such as the Experimental Biology annual meetings, and the audiences were lay, including community members who benefitted from extension reports and flyers produced in the wake of the research results. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Our comparative analyses of processed versus fresh and frozen fruit tissues revealed for the first time that while stovetop cooking is only mildly detrimental to fruit bioactive potential, the microwave process is very quickly destructive to bioactive compounds (in particular, flavonoid compounds). These outcomes were presented in two venues (The Berry Health Benefits Symposium in WestLake CA June 2011) and the IWA2011 conference (September 2011). Other outcomes born out of this work include the adoption of the microwave processing bioactivity assessments by our Market-Ready team and distribution of the information in public media.
Publications
- Barnes, Stephen, Jeevan Prasain, Tracy DAlessandro, Ali Arabshahi, Nigel Botting, Mary Ann Lila, George Jackson, Elsa Janle, and Connie Weaver. 2011. The metabolism and analysis of isoflavones and other dietary polyphenols in foods and their biological systems. Food and Function 2:235-244.
- Kellogg, Joshua, Clyde Higgs, and Mary Ann Lila. 2011. Prospects for commercialization of an Alaska Native wild resource as a commodity crop. Journal of Entrepreneurship 20:77-101.
- Lila, Mary Ann. 2011. Impact of bioflavonoids from berryfruits on biomarkers of metabolic syndrome. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2:13-24.
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Anti-infective antiadhesion principles present in cranberry were quantified in fruit skins, juice extract concentrate, whole fruits, and extracted flavonoids. Antimalarial principles were characterized from Cannella, Spilanthes, Liriodendron, and Cornus genotypes. Radiolabeling of isoflavonoids from kudzu and of flavonoids from grape were tracked in animal models into bone and brain. PARTICIPANTS: Field training in Kenya and Uganda were provided to graduate students under the bioexploration mission. Joshua Kellogg (PhD candidate), Diana Cheng (PhD candidate), Jon Mun (MSc candidate) Partnership with USDA ARS under Tribal Colleges Research Grant, and with United Tribes Technical College in Bismarck, ND TARGET AUDIENCES: Medicines for Malaria Venture Science Advisory Committee Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The alkaloid principles extracted from Spilanthes proved to be efficacious and non toxic in vivo, and evidence was accumulated that suggested that mixed extracts were more efficacious than isolated purified compounds which lent credence to the hypothesis that potentiating interactions between co-occuring phytochemicals contribute to health impacts. A large scale high throughput and non-intrusive extraction and fractionation protocol utilizing counter current chromatography, HPLC, LC-MS and NMR in sequence was developed to allow rapid isolation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids without concurrent losses in chemical integrity; this procedure is now the standard in our laboratory.
Publications
- Grace, Mary H., Carmen Lategan, Flaubert Mbeunkui, Rocky Graziose, Peter J. Smith, Ilya Raskin, and Mary Ann Lila. 2010. Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of drimane sesquiterpenes from Canella winterana. Natural Product Communications 5:1869-1872.
- Cheng, Diana M., Gad G. Yousef, and Mary Ann Lila. 2010. Variation in phytoecdysteroid accumulation in seeds and shoots of Spinacia oleracea L. accessions. HortScience 45:1-5
- Cuevas-Rodrigues, Edith, V. Dia, G. Yousef, P. Garcia-Saucedo, J. Lopez-Medina, O. Paredes-Lopez, E. de Mejia, and M.A. Lila. 2010. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory responses and antioxidant capacity of Mexican blackberry (Rubus spp.) extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58:9542-9548.
- Engelmann, Nancy, J. Campbell, S. Rupassara, R. Rogers, P. Garlick, M.A. Lila, and J. W. Erdman, Jr. 2010. Screening and selection of high carotenoid producing in vitro tomato cell culture lines for [13C]-carotenoid production. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58:9979-9987.
- Schreckinger, Maria Elisa, J. Wang, G. Yousef, M.A. Lila, and E. de Mejia. 2010. Antioxidant capacity and in vitro inhibition of adipogenesis and inflammation by phenolic extracts of Vaccinium floribundum and Aristotelia chilensis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58:8966-8976.
- Mun, Jonathan G, Michael D. Grannan, Pamela J. Lachcik, Randy B. Rogers, Gad G. Yousef, Mary H. Grace, Elsa M. Janle, Qing Li Wu, James E. Simon, Connie M. Weaver, and Mary Ann Lila. 2010. Tracking deposition of a 14C-radiolabeled hairy root-derived isoflavone-rich fraction into bone. Experimental Biology and Medicine 235:1224-1235.
- Cuevas-Rodriguez, Edith O., Gad G. Yousef; Pedro A. Garcia-Saucedo; Jose Lopez-Medina; Octavio Paredes-Lopez; and Mary Ann Lila. 2010. Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in wild and domesticated Mexican blackberries (Rubus spp.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58:7458-7464.
- Janle, Elsa M., Mary Ann Lila, Michael Grannan, Lauren Wood, Aine Higgins, Gad. G. Yousef, Randy B. Rogers, Helen Kim, George S. Jackson, Lap Ho, and Connie Weaver. 2010. Bioavailability, distribution and pharmacokinetics of 14C labeled grape polyphenols in the periphery and in the central nervous system following oral administration. Journal of Medicinal Food 13: 1-8.
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The antidiabetic properties of anthocyanin-enriched edible plants (primarily berry fruits) were explored in both in vitro and in vivo research models. The results of these explorations were covered in 10 local (NCRC) presentations, four national and two international conferences, and were reported in two scientific outlets including Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, and Phytomedicine. Field-deployable bioassay screens specific to antidiabetic and anti-metabolic syndrome properties (alpha glucosidase, amylase and protease assays)were introduced into 4 tribal communities (3 in Alaska and 1 in North Dakota) and used to train students and community members to proactively evaluate local traditional food plants, both wild and cultivated. PARTICIPANTS: Mary Ann Lila, Mary H. Grace, Flaubert Mbeukui (NCSU) Ilya Raskin (Rutgers University) Courtney Flint and Joshua Kellogg (UIUC) Training sessions are an integral part of the Screens to Nature sessions which are the subject of this Hatch proposal, and were conducted with students (high school and junior college level) as well as community elders at each of the 4 test sites. TARGET AUDIENCES: Native American and Alaska Native communities were initially targeted with the science based validation of traditional ecological knowledge. Follow up with the communities indicated that the bioassays were incorporated into school curricula in the communities. The larger scientific community was reached via scientific publications that ensued subsequently. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The techniques for isolation of phenolic rich extracts (PRE) anthocyanin-rich fractions (ARF) and proanthocyanidin rich fractions (PAC)have been validated and have now been adopted by partnering laboratory teams to produce uniform extracts for analysis in bioassays. The suite of complementary mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy instrumentation recently installed in the laboratory were able to validate findings on bioactive product composition. Preliminary bioassay results determined using field bioassays (in partnership with local community members) were sufficient incentive to foster further laboratory evaluation and secondary screening of prioritized plant candidates.
Publications
- Mun, J., Michael Grannan, Pamela Lachcik, Adam Reppert, Gad G. Yousef, Randy B. Rogers, Elsa M. Janle, Connie M. Weaver, Mary Ann Lila. 2009. In vivo metabolic tracking of 14C-labeled isoflavones in kudzu and red clover extracts. British Journal of Nutrition 102: 1523-1530
- Engelmann, Nancy J., Adam Reppert, Gad Yousef, Randy Rogers and Mary Ann Lila. 2009. In vitro production of radiolabeled red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones. Plant Cell Tissue & Organ Culture 98:147-156.
- Molan, Abdul, Mary Ann Lila, John Mawson, and Shampa De. 2009. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the prebiotic activity of water-soluble blueberry extracts. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 25:1243-1249.
- Grace, M., David M. Ribnicky, Peter Kuhn, Alex Poulev, Sithes Logendra, Gad G. Yousef, Ilya Raskin, and Mary Ann Lila. 2009. Hypoglycemic activity of a novel anthocyanin-rich formulation from lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton. Phytomedicine 16:406-415. Engelmann, Nancy J., Randy Rogers, Mary Ann Lila, and John Erdman, Jr. 2009. Herbicide treatments alter carotenoid profiles for 14C tracer production from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cell cultures. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57:4614-4619.
- Lu, Chi-Hua, Nancy J. Engelmann, Mary Ann Lila, and John W. Erdman, Jr. 2008. Optimization of lycopene extraction from tomato cell suspension culture by response surface methodology. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56:7710-7714.
- Reppert, Adam, Gad G. Yousef, Randy B. Rogers, and Mary Ann Lila. 2008. Isolation of biolabeled isoflavones from kudzu (Pueraria lobata) root cultures. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56:7860-7865.
- Grace, Mary, Diana Cheng, Ilya Raskin, and Mary Ann Lila. 2008. Neo-Clerodane diterpenes from Ajuga turkestanica. Phytochemistry Letters 1:81-84.
- Gorelick-Feldman, Jonathan, David MacLean, Nebojsa Ilic, Alexander Poulev, Mary Ann Lila, Diana Cheng, and Ilya Raskin. 2008. Phytoecdysteroids increase protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry 56:3532-3537.
- Cheng, Diana, Gad. G. Yousef, Mary H. Grace, Randy B. Rogers, J. Gorelick-Feldman, I. Raskin, and Mary Ann Lila. 2008. In vitro production of metabolism-enhancing phytoecdysteroids from Ajuga turkestanica. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 93:73-83.
- Lila, Mary Ann. 2008. Interactions between flavonoids that benefit human health. P. 305-324. In: (K. Gould, K. Davies & C. Winefield, eds.) Anthocyanins: Biosynthesis, Function and Applications. Springer LCC, New York.
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