Source: NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
EVALUATING GENETIC VARIABILITY AND ENHANCING THE BREEDING POTENTIAL OF VALENCIA PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) FOR CULTIVATION IN NEW MEXICO
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0216351
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2008
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2013
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY
1620 STANDLEY DR ACADEMIC RESH A RM 110
LAS CRUCES,NM 88003-1239
Performing Department
Ag Sci Center At Clovis
Non Technical Summary
Using both conventional and molecular approaches, genetically diverse germplasm with beneficial traits will be identified that will be crossed with locally adapted Valencia peanut cultivars. A shuttle breeding approach, using an off-season nursery facility in Puerto Rico, has been adapted for rapid generation advance. The advanced lines are subjected to agronomic traits evaluation (including yield) and the promising lines are tested multi-locationally to assess to select the best performing lines are tested multi-locationally to assess and select specific characteristics. Using this approach, few advanced yield potential have already been developed that will be cycled in the current breeding program to recover the preferred Valencia traits (3-4 seeded pods and red-skin kernels with sweet taste). To achieve this end, recurrent backcross breeding approaches will be followed.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2021830108040%
2031830108030%
2041830108030%
Goals / Objectives
GOAL: Our long term goal is to provide peanut growers in New Mexico the Valencia peanut cultivars that exhibit good pod quality, early maturity, low allergen content, higher production per unit of irrigation water (high water use water use efficiency), and tolerance to environmental stresses. We also endeavour to apply genetic marker technology to assist in crop breeding. OBJECTIVE: 1.To breed for drought and heat stress tolerance in Valencia peanut cultivar. 2. Gel - based proteomics for genotyping and differentiating peanut market types for allergen contents in seeds and to develop hypoallergenic Valencia peanut cultivar. 3. To evaluate accessions from the Valencia peanut core collection for agronomic/seed quality traits, and resistance to drought, pod rot and aflatoxin and to study the genetic structure of Valencia peanut core collection using high throughput marker systems. 4. Identification of markers for abiotic stress tolerance by association mapping.
Project Methods
OBJECTIVE 1: Characterization of the U. S. peanut minicore collection for abiotic stress tolerance has been completed. Tolerant accessions have been identified in peanut, ICGV-87157 and ICGS-76 combine several traits associated with tolerance. We have made crosses during 2006 involving Valencia - C with ICGS-76 as it belongs to the same subspecies of fastigiata. About 31 single plant selections were made based on the SPAD chlorophyll meter reading. OBJECTIVE 2: Four peanut cultivars, NM Valencia C, Tamspan 90, Georgia Green and NC-7, representing the four major market types, will be used in this study. Approximately 100 mg of homogenized material will be used for protein extraction with phenol. A standardized protocol will be used to compare our phenol protein extraction method to a previously published protein extraction protocol (hexane/tca-acetone., Liang et al., 2006). The peptides will be used for mass spectral analysis on a LCQ Deca linear ion trap mass spectrometer (nESI-LC-MS/MS; Thermo Electron) through a nanoelectrospray ionization source. Using the protein sequences of previously identified Ara h3/Ara h4 and published sequences of Ara h1, Ara h2 and Ara h3 allergens (Kang and Gallo., 2007), monoclonal antibodies will be developed. These four antibodies will be used to screen both Valencia peanut core collection (about 100 accessions involving Valencia core collection + a few Valencia peanuts from other parts of the world) and Spanish cultivars including Tamspan 90. OBJECTIVE 3 We have already characterized 720 Valencia germplasm accessions from USDA peanut germplasm collections for various morphophysiological and reproductive traits. In addition, geographical information is being developed (Dwivedi et al., 2008). A core collection (10% of the 720 accessions) of 77 accessions specific to Valencia peanut representing the maximum genetic diversity present in the USDA Valencia peanut germplasm has been identified. In addition, we plan to include some of the other Valencia peanut cultivars/germplasm lines from other parts of the world to represent higher diversity in materials to be used in this study. We plan to use 100 SSRs to generate marker data to dissect the genetic structure of the Valencia peanut core collection (about 100 accessions involving Valencia core collection + a few Valencia peanuts from other parts of the world). The marker data will be generated using ABI Prism 3100 DNA Analyzer at Cropping System Laboratory, USDA-ARS located in Lubbbock, Texas. Multiplexing of three differentially-labeled PCR products per well will be used to increase the efficiency. OBJECTIVE 4 An initial genetic characterization of the mincore has been performed using 72 SSR markers. We will expand this to the 300 published sets of SSR markers available, and will use SNP markers developed from resequencing candidate genes across ca. 10 accessions to sample polymorphism in the minicore. Association of markers will be performed after assessment of population structure using mixed model methods.

Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Growers in Eastern New Mexico andWest Texas in USA,Nampula region in Mozambique, Hoopstad region in South Africa and Saroti region in Uganda. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This project has trained one post doc and two graduate students to complete the goals of the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? We have conducted on farm testing of the two new varieties in comparison to the grower's variety on three farms. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Variety Releases: We had two varieties that were released in 2013 namely: a)"NuMex 01"- It is a high oleic Valencia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata) cultivar, developed by the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and released on September 17, 2013. NuMex 01 originated from a cross made between ‘New Mexico Valencia A’ (NM Valencia A) and ‘Brantley’. NM Valencia A has predominantly 3 to 4-seeded pods, while Brantley has mostly two-seeded large Virginia pods. Pedigree selection was practiced based on oil quality as determined by high oleic (O)/linoleic (L) fatty acid ratio), pod size and shape, seeds per pod, seed size, testa color, market type (Valencia), maturity, yield, and grade characteristics. The selected segregants with these characteristics were advanced by single seed descent method until F4. Phenotypically uniform progenies were bulk harvested to conduct yield trials in F5. Performance tests in replicated trials across eastern New Mexico and west Texas began in 2010 and continued until 2012. NuMex 01 was tested under identity as NM083092. It matures in 130 days, similar to the control cultivar, NM Valencia A. Averaged across fifteen season-locations, NuMex 01 has produced 13% higher pod yield and showed 4% greater 100-seed weight than NM Valencia A (average pod yield 3068 kg ha-1; 100 seed weight 46.5 g). NuMex 01 is the first high oleic Valencia peanut cultivar released (O/L ratio 23.3 compared to 1.1 in NM Valencia A). It has better taste and good roasted flavor attributes. b. "Schubert" - Itis a high yielding, high oleic, early-maturing spanish-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris) cultivar, with improved shellout. Schubert was tested under the experimental designation TxL054520-34. Replicated line yield tests began in the F8 generation in 2007 and ran through 2010. Schubert matures approximately one to two weeks earlier than OLin. Yield averaged 526 kg/ha higher than for OLin, and shellout was 2.2 percentage points higher. Seed size was slightly larger than for the checks, 51.8 g/100 sound mature kernels, compared to 50.2 and 48.1 g/100 SMK for OLin and Tamspan 90, respectively. Schubert produces a higher proportion of medium seed than does either check cultivar, and a smaller proportion of split seeds. Resistance to Sclerotinia minor Jagger was not different from OLin or Tamspan 90. The objectives of releasing this line are to provide growers with a higher-yielding, high-oleic cultivar for the spanish market, with better maturity,.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Puppala, N. and S.P. Tallury. 2013. Registration of High Oleic Valencia Peanut Cultivar. J. of Plant Registration.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Burow, M.D., M. R. Baring, N. Puppala, C. E. Simpson, J. L. Ayers, J. Cason, A. M. Schubert, A. Muitia, and Y. L�pez. 2013. Registration of Schubert Peanut Cultivar. J. of Plant Registration.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Ligeon, C., C. Jolly, N. Bencheva, S. Delikostadinov and N. Puppala. 2013. Production efficiency and risks in limited resource farming: The case of Bulgarian peanut industry. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics. http://www.academicjournals.org/JDAE/PDF/pdf2013/Apr/Ligeon%20et%20al.pdf
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Responses of Peanut Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes to N2-Fixation Under Terminal Drought And Their Contributions to Peanut Yield. W. Htooni, W. Kaewpradit, S. Jogloy, N. Vorasoot, B. Toomsan, C. Akkasaeng, N. Puppala and A. Patanothai. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 45 (2) 296-310, 2013
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Relationships Between Root Traits And Nutrient Uptake And Nitrogen Fixation In Peanut Under Terminal Drought. W. Htooni, W. Kaewpradit, S. Jogloy, N. Vorasoot, B. Toomsan, C. Akkasaeng, N. Puppala and A. Patanothai. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 45 (2) 311-322, 2013
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Sensing the Moisture Content of Dry CherriesA Rapid and Nondestructive Method. Chari Venkatkrishna Kandala, Ramesh Avula, Vijayasaradhi Settaluri, Ronda Srinivasa Reddy, Naveen Puppala. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2013, 4, 38-42.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Productivity Gaps Among Smallholder Groundnut Farmers: A Comparative Analysis For Uganda And Kenya. 4th Conference of the African Association of Agricultural Economists.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Peanuts for improved human nutrition. Sangam Dwivedi, Naveen Puppala, Soheila Maleki, Peggy Ozias-Akins and Rodomiro Ortiz. In Plant Breeding Reviews.


Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A) We have made few crosses involving Valencia-C with Brantley release cultivar from North Carolina State University which is a Virginia type peanut that has disease resistance and are high oleic in oil content. The F4 materials that were selected with high yield and Valencia type pods were evaluated for oil content and two of the promising lines are showing high oleic ratio of 26 compared to non-high oleic variety Valencia-C of 1.0. The Oleic acid (18:1) was 80% and linoleic acid (18:2) was 3% in the newly selected F4 material. B) Collaborative research was initiated between NMSU and USDA, ARS, to develop SSRs for high throughput genotyping. We have generated SSR-enriched libraries, sequenced them using Roche 454 platform, and designed 879 SSR primer sets. We are testing the first 288 primer sets to find polymorphism on some of the populations that are being developed at NMSU. C) We assessed genetic diversity, a key component to the success of developing improved cultivars with desirable agronomic and quality traits. Seventy-eight U.S. Valencia core collection accessions together with 36 Valencia accessions representing the global peanut mini-core collection were used to study population structure and diversity and identify genetically diverse Valencia germplasm for use in peanut breeding. Neighbor-joining clustering, principal coordinate analysis, and STRUCTURE analysis consistently separated the Valencia germplasm into five clusters with two distinct major groups. The first major group consisted of genotypes from South America (64%) with few accessions from Africa, North America, Caribbean, and European regions. The second group consisted of accessions mostly from diverse regions of Africa, North and South America, Asia, and the Caribbean. However, the structuring was not related to the geographic origin and several admixtures were observed. D) Two advanced lines will be tested this year for early maturity along with the check cultivar Valencia-A and Valencia-C in eastern New Mexico and west Texas. We plan to test for maturity by digging at two digging dates (a) normal digging dates around 125 to 130 days. (b) Early digging dates will be dug between 115 to 120 days. We also plan to do flavor analysis to maintain Valencia taste and red skin color. E) Three mapping populations of cultivated x cultivated Valencia peanuts have been initiated in collaboration with ICRISAT. At present they are in F5 generation and we plan to do parental polymorphism using SSR markers that were developed above in objective (B). PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
We are planning to release two Valencia cultivars with high oleic content. We have generated SSR-enriched libraries, sequenced them using Roche 454 platform, and designed 879 SSR primer sets. The information generated in this study and phenotyping of this material for biotic and abiotic stress responses and yield-quality traits will facilitate selection of trait-specific, genetically diverse parents for developing Valencia peanut cultivars with a broad genetic base.

Publications

  • Rowland,D., N. Puppala, J. Beasley, Jr., M. Burow, D. Gorbet, D. Jordan, H. Melouk, C. Simpson, J. Bostick and J. Ferrell. 2012. Variation in carbon isotope ratio and its relation to other traits in peanut breeding lines and cultivars from U.S. trials. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science Vol. 4(9), pp. 144-155.
  • Singkham, N., Sanun Jogloy, Bhalang Suriharn, Thawan Kesmala1, Prasan Swatsitang, Prasit Jaisil, Naveen Puppala and Aran Patanothai. 2012. Types of gene effects governing the inheritance of oleic and linoleic acids in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(67), pp. 13147-13152.
  • Kandala, C. V., Sundaram, J., Puppala, N., Settaluri, V. 2013. NONDESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 55(4), 1583-1587.
  • Sanogo, S., Puppala, N. (2012). Microorganisms Associated with Valencia Peanut Affected by Pod Rot in New Mexico. Peanut Science., Vol. 39(2), pp. ????. (In Print)
  • Chari Kandala and Naveen Puppala. 2012. Capacitance Sensors for Nondestructive Moisture Determination in Grain, Nuts and Bio-fuel materials. In: Smart Sensing Technology for Agriculture and Environmental Monitoring. Editor: S. C. Mukhopadhyay. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Volume 146. ISSN 1876-1100. Published Springer.


Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: We have made few crosses involving Valencia-C with Brantley release cultivar from North Carolina State University which is a Virginia type peanut that has disease resistance and are high oleic in oil content. The F4 materials that were selected with high yield and Valencia type pods were evaluated for oil content and two of the promising lines are showing high oleic ratio of 26 compared to non-high oleic variety Valencia-C of 1.0. The Oleic acid (18:1) was 80% and linoleic acid (18:2) was 3% in the newly selected F4 material. Peanut being an under represented crop in terms of genome sequencing and physical mapping that needs a comprehensive markers in genotype selection for genetic mapping population. A collaborative research was initiated between NMSU peanut breeding program and National Peanut Research Scientist Dr. Renee Arias at USDA, ARS, Dawson lab to develop SSRs for high throughput genotyping. We have generated SSR-enriched libraries, sequenced them using Roche 454 platform, and designed 879 SSR primer sets. We are in the process of testing the first 288 primer sets to find polymorphism on some of the populations that are being developed at NMSU. Seventy-eight U.S. Valencia core collection accessions together with 36 Valencia accessions representing the global peanut mini-core collection were used to study population structure and diversity and to identify genetically diverse Valencia germplasm for use in peanut breeding. Fifty-two simple sequence repeats loci amplified 683 alleles, with an average of 13 alleles per locus. The mean polymorphism information content and gene diversity, respectively, were 0.270 and 0.335. The pairwise genetic distance ranged from 0.143 to 0.474, with an average of 0.631. Neighbor-joining clustering, principal coordinate analysis, and STRUCTURE analysis consistently separated the Valencia germplasm into five clusters with two distinct major groups. The first major group consisted of genotypes from South America (64%) with few accessions from Africa, North America, Caribbean, and European regions. The second group consisted of accessions mostly from diverse regions of Africa, North and South America, Asia, and the Caribbean. However, the structuring was not related to the geographic origin and several admixtures were observed. Six mapping populations of cultivated x cultivated Valencia peanuts have been initiated in collaboration with ICRISAT. At present they are in F4 generation and will be tested for parental polymorphism using SSR markers that were developed above in objective (B). PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The information generated in this study and phenotyping of this material for biotic and abiotic stress responses and yield-quality traits will facilitate selection of trait-specific, genetically diverse parents for developing Valencia peanut cultivars with a broad genetic base. This project will contribute to the overall development of Valencia peanuts and enhanced market opportunities for American peanut producers.

Publications

  • Puangbut, D., Jogloy, S., Kesmala, T., Vorasoot, N., Akkasaeng, C., Patanothai, A., Puppala, N. 2011. Heritability of early season drought resistance traits and genotypic correlation of early season drought resistance and agronomic traits in peanut. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 43(2): 165-187.
  • Cho, Y., Kodjoe, E., Puppala, N., Wood, A. J. 2011. Reduced trigonelline accumulation due to rhizobial activity improves grain yield in peanut (Arachis hypogae L.). To appear in Acta Agriculture Scandinavica, 61(5): 395-403.
  • Kottapalli, P., Upadhyaya, H., Kottapalli, R. K., Payton, P., Dwivedi, S., Burrow, M., David, K. O., Sanogo, S., Puppala, N. 201). Population Structure and Diversity in Valencia Peanut Germplasm Collection. Crop Science, 51(3): 1089-1100.
  • Selvaraj, M. G., Burow, G., Burke, J. J., Belamkar, V., Puppala, N., Burow, M. D. 2011. Heat stress screening of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings for acquired thermotolerance. Plant Growth Regulator, 65: 83-91.
  • Belamkar, V., Selvaraj, M. G., Ayers, J. L., Payton, P. R., Puppala, N., et al. 2011. A first insight into population structure and linkage disequilibrium in the US peanut minicore collection. Genetica, 139(4): 411-429.


Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The molecular characterization of 114 Valencia peanuts (78 accessions from US Valencia core and 35 accessions from global mini core and 1 control cultivar from ICRISAT) representing various geographical regions of the world was performed using microsatellite markers. Out of 100 primer pairs tested, 52 polymorphic primers amplified a total of 683 alleles. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 28 per locus with a mean of 13.13 alleles per primer pair. Mean gene diversity and PIC value for all the alleles were 0.3496 and 0.2805, respectively. Based on Jaccard's coefficient of genetic similarity, accessions were clustered using unweighted pair group and the dendrogram was generated in the NTSYS-pc 2.20e. Two major clusters A and B sharing 30% similarity were obtained. Cluster A consisted of accessions predominantly from South American region. The cluster B consisted of an intermix of accessions from North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Caribbean regions. A single accession ICG6201 from the Caribbean region separated from rest of all the accessions and shared a similarity of only 10 %. Principal component analysis (PCA) depicted two major clusters with few accessions scattered apart in minor groups. In our study 41.18% of variation was explained by the first three PCs. The genetic diversity observed in Valencia core and global mini core could be used in breeding Valencia cultivars. From the global peanut core collection we have selected 3 accessions namely, JUG 3 for drought, ICGV 92267 for early maturity and ICG 7243 with high SPAD chlorophyll. We have made crosses of all these three accessions with our local check variety namely Valencia - C to develop three mapping populations. At present these are in F3 stage and we will be advancing these populations in 2011 growing season. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The information generated in this study and phenotyping of this material for biotic and abiotic stress responses and yield quality traits will facilitate selection of trait-specific, genetically diverse parents for developing Valencia cultivars with a broad genetic base.

Publications

  • Singkham, S., S. Jogloy, T. Kesmala, P. Swatsitang, P. Jaisil and N. Puppala. 2010. Genotypic Variability and Genotype by Environment Interactions in Oil and Fatty Acids in High, Intermediate and Low Oleic Acid Peanut Genotypes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:6257-6263.
  • Singkham, S., S. Jogloy, T. Kesmala, P. Swatsitang, P. Jaisil, N. Puppala and A. Patanothai. 2010. Estimation of heritability by parent-offspring regression for high-oleic acid in peanut. Asian J. of Plant Sci. 9(6):358-363.