Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: One of the goals of our breeding program is develop a new improved Atlantic cultivar that is suitable for the chip industry in the south and eastern region of the US. Atlantic is the standard variety for chipping from the field or very short-term cold storage. It has traits desired by the chip industry such as uniformity, high specific gravity and high yield. However, this cultivar has high incidence of scab and suffers from internal defects especially when exposed to heat stress that is common in the south and eastern region. In contrast, the cultivar Superior has been reported as resistant to common scab and internal defects. Also, previous studies in our program revealed that Superior has high tuber calcium as compared to Atlantic. We have created F1 segregating populations from reciprocal cross between Atlantic and Superior to recombine the good qualities of both of these cultivars. About 300 clones from these have been evaluated for desired traits and about 12 elite clones have been selected that show promise. Evaluation of this population suggests that there is a genetic association between tuber internal quality and tuber calcium. This population was used by the SolCap project using a Illumina Infinium SNP chip that assesses 8300 SNPs. A tetraploid map was built using 600 simple SNP markers to identify molecular markers associated with traits important to the potato industry. The elite clones of this population are being evaluated in the US Potato Board National (USPB) Chip Trials at several locations including the southern and eastern US. We also participated in the national USPB french fry trials aimed at identifying new russet varieties with better fry quality (lower acrylamide contents). We entered 50 of our advanced clone in the National Chip Trials and 14 clones in the French Fry National Trial. Two of our clones showed promise of very low acrylamide contents in the fries. Three of our clones were named and released as new chip varieties. These were Nicolet (W2133-1), Tundra (W2310-3) and Lelah (W2717-5) as long storage chippers and Accumulator (W2324-1) as high yielding short storage chipper. In a related study, we developed a segregating F1 population from a cross between a russet and a chip variety, Tundra. This population is segregating for chip fry quality. We are using this population to develop molecular markers to screen for potato cold storage fry quality. PARTICIPANTS: Jiwan P. Palta, Sandra E. Vega, Felix M. Navarro, Cinthya Zorrilla, Bryan Bowen, Nese Okut, Fei Li, Liping Jin, Zunguo Lei, John B. Bamberg, Horia I. Groza, A. J. Bussan, Jiming Jiang, Kyle Rak, Justin Schabow. TARGET AUDIENCES: Potato breeders, geneticists and scientists. Potato growers and the potato industry, including chips and French fries. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The goal of our project is to develop potato cultivars with improved internal quality as well as improved yield, disease and pest resistance and attributes important to the potato industry. Potato growers are penalized for tuber internal defects (hollow heart, internal brown spot, brown center, etc.) and given incentives by the processing industry for improved quality. Our research has shown that tuber internal quality can be improved by increasing tuber calcium concentration. We have also shown that tuber calcium concentration is a genetic trait. We are selecting for improved tuber quality by selecting for tuber calcium concentration. This approach has yielded promising results. We have identified elite clones that are better quality then the standard variety, Atlantic. These clones are being tested for their performance by the US Potato Board in several regions of the US. We hope to release new cultivars with these desired traits in the near future. A major effort in our breeding program has been focused on developing potato variety suitable for the chip industry that can store for extended periods of time in cold and maintain chip quality during this storage. As a result of this effort, we recently named three varieties (Nicolet, Tundra, Lelah) that have better cold storage chip quality then the current industry standard variety, Snowden. These varieties are performing well and potato growers are showing interest in planting them. In cooperation with SolCap project, we are developing molecular markers for selecting for various production traits that are important to the potato industry including tuber quality (incidence of hollow heart, brown center, bruise, internal brown spot), tuber storage quality and potato fry quality. In addition, we are developing molecular markers for common scab, an important disease for the potato growers in the US. These markers will help in development of new varieties that are desired by the potato industry in the US.
Publications
- Rak, K. and J. Palta. 2012. Molecular markers for cold chipping quality based on a candidate gene approach. . Proceedings of Annual Wisconsin Potato Meetings 25:32-35
- Bowen, B., LeMere, M., Navarro, F. and J. Palta. 2012. 2011 SPUDPRO Candidate Trial. Proceedings of Annual Wisconsin Potato Meetings 25:49-53.
- Navarro, F., Bowen, B. D., Groza, H.I., Bussan, A.J. Jiang J. and J.P. Palta. 2012. Accumulator: A new short storage potato chipping variety with exceptional yield potential. 96th Ann. Meeting Potato Assoc. Amer. Denver, CO. Abstr. 043, 46p.
- Navarro, F., B. D. Bowen, H.I. Groza, A.J. Bussan, J. Jiang and J.P. Palta. 2012. Lelah: A new potato chipping variety with excellent long storage ability. 96th Annual Meeting Potato Association of America. Denver, CO. Abstr. 045, 47p.
- Rak, K. and J.P. Palta. 2012. Evaluation of a potential molecular marker assay to screen for potato cold storage fry quality. 96th Annual Meeting Potato Association of America. Denver, CO. Abstr. 017, 33p.
- Zorrilla, C., Navarro, F., Vega, S., Bamberg, J. and J. Palta. 2012. Correlation among commercial traits and the possible maternal effects for these traits in a reciprocal populations of Atl and Sup. 96 Ann Mtg Potato Assoc of Amer. Denver, CO. Abs.089,69p.
- Bowen, B., Navarro, F., Groza, H., Jiang, J., Palta, J. Charkowski, A. Maatz, D. and E. Bauer. 2012. The Wisconsin idea: SPUDPRO. 96th Annual Meeting Potato Association of America. Denver, CO. Poster Abstr.-106, 77p.
- Navarro, F.M., Bowen, B.D., Vega, S., Rak, K., Zorrilla, C., Bamberg, J. and J. Palta. 2012. Trait selection in Potatoes: Finding the needle in the Haystack. Proceedings of Annual Wisconsin Potato Meetings 25:11-31.
- Navarro, F.M., Banks, E., Higgins, C., Bowen, B.D. and J. Palta. 2012. Varietal resistance to common scab. Proceedings of Annual Wisconsin Potato Meetings 25:103-113.
- Palta, J.P. 2013. Combating climate change: merging physiological and genetic approaches to improve abiotic stress resistance. In: Combating Climate Change and Agricultural Perspective. (eds. M. S. Kang and S.S.Banga). Taylor and Frances pp 238-263. In press.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: One of the goals of our breeding program is develop a new improved Atlantic cultivar that is suitable for chip industry in the south and eastern region of the US. Atlantic is the standard variety for chipping from the field or very short-term cold storage. It has traits desired by the chip industry such as uniformity, high specific gravity and high yield. However, this cultivar has high incidence of scab and suffers from internal defects especially when exposed to heat stress that is common in the south and eastern region. In contrast, the cultivar Superior has been reported as resistant to common scab and internal defects. Also, previous studies in our program revealed that Superior has high tuber calcium as compared to Atlantic. We have created F1 segregating populations from reciprocal cross between Atlantic and Superior to recombine the good qualities of both of these cultivars. About 300 clones from these have been evaluated for desired traits and about 12 elite clones have been selected that show promise. Preliminary evaluation of this population suggests that there is a genetic association between tuber internal quality and tuber calcium. This population is being used by the SolCap project to identify molecular markers associated with traits important to potato industry. The elite clones of this population are being evaluated in the US Potato Board National (USPB) Chip Trials at several locations including the southern and eastern US. We also participated in the national USPB french fry trials aimed at identifying new russet varieties with better fry quality (lower acrylamide contents). Two of our clones showed promise of very low acrylamide contents in the fries. Three of our clones were named and released as new chip varieties. These were Nicolet (W2133-1), Tundra (W2310-3) and Lelah (W2717-5) as long storage chippers and Accumulator (W2324-1) as high yielding short storage chipper. In related study, we are making progress in developing frost hardy potato cultivars. We are now developing molecular markers to screen for cold adaptation based on a desaturase gene. Our previous studies have shown that an induction of this gene results in altering membrane lipid melting point and acquisition of frost hardiness in a wild potato species S. commersonnii. Using in vitro shoot cultures we are also making progress in developing screening method for salinity tolerance in potato. Our studies show that exposure of rooted cuttings to salinity in shoot cultures is better able to simulate the plant response to saline water irrigation. This procedure has the potential to be used as a rapid screening tool for salinity tolerance in potato. PARTICIPANTS: Jiwan P. Palta, Sandra E. Vega, Felix M. Navarro, Cinthya Zorrilla, Bryan Bowen, Nese Okut, Fei Li, Liping Jin, Zunguo Lei, John B. Bamberg, Horia I. Groza, A. J. Bussan, Jiming Jiang TARGET AUDIENCES: Potato breeders, geneticists and scientists. Potato growers and the potato industry, including chip and French fries. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The goal of our project is to develop potato cultivars with improved internal quality as well as improved yield, disease and pest resistance and attributes important to potato industry. Potato growers are penalized for tuber internal defects (hollow heart, internal brown spot, brown center, etc.) and given incentives by the processing industry for improved quality. Our research has shown that tuber internal quality can be improved by increasing tuber calcium concentration. We have also shown that tuber calcium concentration is a genetic trait. We are selecting for improved tuber quality by selecting for tuber calcium concentration. This approach is yielding promising results. We have identified elite clones that are better quality then the standard variety Atlantic. These clones are being tested for their performance by the US Potato Board in several regions of the US. We hope to release new cultivars with these desired traits in the near future. A major effort in our breeding program has been focused on developing potato variety suitable for the chip industry that can store for extended periods of time in cold and maintain chip quality during this storage. As a result of this effort we recently named three varieties (Nicolet, Tundra, Lelah) that have better cold storage chip quality then the current industry standard variety Snowden. These varieties are performing well and potato growers are showing interest in planting them. In cooperation with SolCap project, we are developing molecular markers for selecting for various production traits that important to the potato industry. These markers, when validated, are expected to speed up the progress in developing new varieties that are desired by the potato industry.
Publications
- Ozgen, S., Busse, J.S. and J.P. Palta. 2011. Influence of root zone calcium on shoot tip necrosis and apical dominance of potato shoot: simulation of this disorder by ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid and prevention by strontium. HortScience 46:1358-1362.
- Okut, N. and J.P. Palta. 2011. Genetic variation for the tolerance to NaCl stress in relation to CaCl2: rooted versus non-rooted in vitro studies. HortScience 46 (supplement): S196.
- Zorrilla, C., Palta, J.P., Navarro, F., Vega, S.E. and J. Bamberg. 2011. Breeding for Improved tuber quality by introgressing tuber calcium uptake trait. HortScience 46 (supplement): S205.
- Palta, J. and J. Bamberg. 2012. Addressing the impact of temperature stress on potato production: merging physiological and genetic approaches. PAA-2011 Annual meetings Abstract (05). Am. J. Pot. Res. in press.
- Zorrilla, C. and J.P. Palta. 2012. Over-expressing the vacuolar antiporter CAX1 in the potato variety Atlantic phenotypic variation of the transformed clones. PAA-2011 Annual meetings Abstract (46). Am. J. Pot. Res. in press.
- Okut, N., Vega, S., Navarro, F. and J. Palta. 2012. A comparison of the responses of five potato cultivars to chloride stress from either sodium chloride or calcium chloride. PAA-2011 Annual meetings Abstract (49). Am. J. Pot. Res. in press.
- Navarro, F.M., Bowen, B.D., Groza, H.I., Bussan, A.J., Jiang, J. and J.P. Palta. 2012. Nicolet: a new long storage potato chipping variety with high yield potential. PAA-2011 Annual meetings Abstract (63). Am. J. Pot. Res. in press.
- Navarro, F.M., Bowen, B., Groza, H.I., Bussan, A.J., Jiang, J. and J.P. Palta. 2012. Tundra: A new long storage potato chipping variety with consistently high specific gravity. PAA-2011 Annual meetings Abstract (65). Am. J. Pot. Res. in press.
- Ahmed, Z.F.R. and J.P. Palta. 2011. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine, may promote ripening while reducing senescence in banana fruit. HortScience 46 (supplement): S273.
- Palta, J., McCue, K., Jayanty, S., Daniels-Lake, B., Vander-Zaag, P. and C. Yancho. 2012. Breeding for sustainable production in a changing climate Understanding the physiological basis of genetic by environmental interactions. PAA-2011 Annual meetings Abstract (01). Am. J. Pot. Res. in press.
- Li, F., Jin, L., Lei, Z., Vega, S.E., Bamberg, J.B. and J.P. Palta. 2012. Development of markers for Δ9-stearoyl-ACP-desaturase (SAD) to screen for cold acclimation. PAA-2011 Annual meetings Abstract (66). Am. J. Pot. Res. in press.
- Navarro, F. Bowen, B. and J. Palta. 2011. Progress in breeding for processing chips, russets and fresh market potatoes. Proceedings of the Wisconsin Annual Potato Meeting. 24:53-74.
- Navarro, F. Bowen, B. and J. Palta. 2011. New Wisconsin potato varieties and elite breeding lines in 2011. Proceedings of the Wisconsin Annual Potato Meeting. 24:75-90.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Atlantic is the standard variety for chipping from the field or very short-term cold storage. It has traits desired by the chip industry such as uniformity, high specific gravity and high yield. However, Atlantic tubers are susceptible to common scab and internal defects such as internal brown spot, black spot bruise and hollow heart. In contrast, Superior has been reported as resistant to common scab and internal defects. Also, previous studies in our program revealed that Superior has high tuber calcium as compared to Atlantic. The F1 segregating populations of a reciprocal cross between Atlantic and Superior was evaluated for specific gravity, yield, common scab, internal quality and external appearance. The characteristics of these populations suggest that: (i) the clones from this 4X-4X population can be adapted to commercial production in a shorter time than introducing traits from exotic germplasm; (ii) the maternal effect on the evaluated traits can be studied and the best female parent to improve a specific trait can be identified for future crosses; (iii) these populations can be used to map traits of commercial interest and identify molecular markers linked to them; (iv) and the desired traits of the two parents might be combined to develop a new improved Atlantic. We are also continuing to explore the genetic variation for salinity stress (NaCl) among the cultivated potatoes. Basic thrust of this project is to develop a rapid screening method for salinity tolerance. Common scab of potato, caused by Streptomyces scabies, is an important disease in the US. The best method of controlling this disease is the use of disease-resistant cultivars. For this purpose, four years ago, we initiated a collaborative study that included selection at three locations. At each location, 160 breeding lines were screened. From this effort, a number of lines exhibiting consistent resistance have been identified. Late blight of potato is a destructive disease in field and storages. In our breeding program, we also have made systematic efforts to select for resistance to the US8 genotype. Advanced lines were evaluated at different locations of the US including PA, MN, ID, MI and OR. Ten breeding lines with resistance to late blight have been identified. Two of these lines, W5015-5 (chipper) and W6360-1rus (russet) have had consistent resistance to the US8 genotype of late blight. Efficient characterization of processing traits in early generation selection provides an important tool to increase genetic gains. Four years ago, we initiated a study in collaboration with the USDA-ARS group at East Grand Forks, MN to screen lines in early years for fry quality and specific gravity and desired agronomic traits. For this purpose about 1000 lines from early years of selection were screened. Regression analyses show that specific gravity in year 3 lines explained up to 65% of the variation for the same trait in following years. Results suggest that specific gravity and fry color can be efficiently predicted in year 3 and used as selection criterion later in following generations. PARTICIPANTS: Jiwan P. Palta, Sandra E. Vega, Felix M. Navarro, Cinthya Zorrilla, Bryan Bowen, Nese Okut, Isabel Vales, Solomon Yilma, Eugenia Banks, Marty Glynn. TARGET AUDIENCES: Potato breeders, geneticists and scientists. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The goal of our project is to develop potato cultivars with improved internal quality as well as improved yield, disease and pest resistance and attributes important to potato industry. Potato growers are penalized for tuber internal defects (hollow heart, internal brown spot, brown center, etc.) and given incentives by the processing industry for improved quality. Our research has shown that tuber internal quality can be improved by increasing tuber calcium concentration. We have also shown that tuber calcium concentration is a genetic trait. Thus, we are aiming at developing potato cultivars with improved internal quality by genetically improving the tuber calcium. By screening early generation selections we are making important progress towards selecting potato cultivars with improved resistance to scab and late blight. We hope to release new cultivars with these desired traits in the near future.
Publications
- Zorrilla, C., Navarro, F., Vega, S., Bowen, B., Bamberg, J. and Palta, J. 2010. Breeding for tuber internal quality: Searching for a new improved Atlantic. Proceedings of Wisconsin Annual Potato Meeting 2010, 11-19p.
- Navarro, F., Bowen, B. and Palta, J. 2010. Potato Breeding Program Research Update Field Year 2009. Proceedings of Wisconsin Annual Potato Meeting 2010, 21-41p.
- Navarro, F., Bowen, B., Glynn, M. and Palta, J. 2010. Predictability of processing traits based on early years selection in potatoes. The 94th Ann. Mtg. Potato Assoc. Amer. Corvallis, OR, p 82.
- Okut, N. and Palta, J. 2010. Genetic variation for the tolerance to NaCl stress in relation to CaCl2. The 94th Ann. Mtg. Potato Assoc. Amer. Corvallis, OR, p 84-85.
- Navarro, F., Bowen, B., Vales, I., Yilma, S. and Palta, J. 2010. Identification of Wisconsin breeding lines with foliar resistance to late blight. The 94th Ann. Mtg. Potato Assoc. Amer. Corvallis, OR, p 130-131.
- Navarro, F., Banks, E., Bowen, B. and Palta, J. 2010. Genetic correlation of common scab resistance in potatoes evaluated across location and years. The 94th Ann. Mtg. Potato Assoc. Amer. Corvallis, OR, p 100-101.
- Zorrilla, C., Navarro, F., Vega, S., Bowen, B., Bamberg, J. and Palta, J. 2010. Searching for a new improved Atlantic in Atlantic and Superior reciprocal cross populations. The 94th Ann. Mtg. Potato Assoc. Amer. Corvallis, OR, p 83-84.
- Palta, J. P., Vega, S.E. and Bamberg, J. 2010. Breeding for frost tolerance in potato: Merging physiological and genetic approaches. Paper presented at the European Assoc. Potato Res. Meetings: Potato Breeding after the Completion of the DNA Sequence of Potato Genome. Wageningen, NL June 2010. Page 38.
- Palta, J.P.,Zorilla, C., Vega, S.E., Navarro, F.M. and Bamberg, J.B. 2010. Breeding for improved tuber internal quality and processing quality traits. Paper presented at the European Assoc. Potato Res. Meetings: Potato Breeding after the Completion of the DNA Sequence of Potato Genome. Wageningen, NL, p.51.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Potato tuber tissue is naturally deficient in calcium. Lack of adequate calcium is associated with tuber defects such as internal brown spot, hollow heart, and storage rot. We found that potato chip quality can be improved by increasing tuber calcium concentration. The popular chipping cultivars (e.g. Atlantic, Snowden) accumulate low calcium in the tuber (100-150ppm) and are prone to tuber defects and bruising. However other cultivars such as Superior can accumulate significantly higher calcium in the tuber (250-300ppm) and have many fewer internal defects and bruise problems. From reciprocal crosses between Atlantic and Superior we have created two segregating progenies. Over 500 genotypes were evaluated for specific gravity, tuber yield and tuber number, and a sub-sample were evaluated for tuber calcium accumulation. Duplicate plants from each genotype were grown in controlled greenhouse environment. For both crosses, the progeny's average tuber yield per plant was closer to the Superior parent. However, average tuber number and specific gravity of the progeny were closer to the Atlantic parent. Many individuals with enhanced tuber yield, tuber number and specific gravity than either of the parents were recovered in the two-way reciprocal crosses. Mean tuber calcium concentration for the progeny was closer to mid-parent value. Many genotypes with tuber calcium concentration greater than either of the parents were recovered. These results provide evidences that it is possible to improve tuber calcium concentration using cultivated germplasm. We plan to use these progenies for developing chipping cultivars with improved tuber quality, as well as for understanding genetic associacions between tuber calcium, tuber internal quality and tuber storage quality. In another study, we investigated the genetic variation for salinity stress (NaCl) as well as mitigation of this stress by calcium using in vitro shoot cultures among major cultivars namely Russet Burbank, Atlantic, Dark Red Norland, Snowden and Superior. For this purpose shoot cultures were grown in MS media supplemented with 30, 40 or 50mM NaCl in the presence and absence of CaCl2 up to 10mM. In general, NaCl presence in the media reduced both root and shoot growth. However, there were significant cultivar variations for this NaCl response. Dark Red Norland and Atlantic were much more sensitive to NaCl stress than the cultivars Superior, Russet Burbank and Snowden. The presence of CaCl2 reduced injury due to NaCl. However, this mitigation of NaCl-induced injury by CaCl2 was cultivar dependent. Our results suggest that there are genetic variations among major cultivars for: (i) injury by NaCl stress; and (ii) mitigation of NaCl injury by CaCl2.These results suggest that it is possible to select for tolerance to NaCl stress and furthermore, it appears possible to select for ability to mitigate NaCl injury by CaCl2. The fact that CaCl2 mitigated NaCl induced-injury, demonstrates that toxic effect of Cl- on plant is cation dependent. PARTICIPANTS: Jiwan P. Palta, Sandra E. Vega, Felix M. Navarro, Cinthya Zorrilla, Ayman Badran, Bryan Bowen, John B. Bamberg TARGET AUDIENCES: Potato Breeders and Geneticists and Scientists PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The goal of our project is to develop potato cultivars with improved internal quality. Potato growers are penalized for tuber internal defects (hollow heart, internal brown spot, brown center, etc.) and given incentives by the processing industry for improved quality. Our research has shown that tuber internal quality can be improved by increasing tuber calcium concentration. We have also shown that tuber calcium concentration is a genetic trait. Thus, we are aiming at developing potato cultivars with improved internal quality by genetically improving the tuber calcium.
Publications
- Badran, Ayman E. and Jiwan P. Palta. 2009. Genetic variations for tolerance to salinity stress and for the mitigation of salinity-induced injury by calcium in potato cultivars. Potato Association of America, annual meeting abstract.
- Navarro, F.M. and Palta, J.P. Estimation of optimal sample size for detecting tuber internal defects inpotato using a bootstrap method. 91st annual meetings of the Potato Association of America 2008, Buffalo, New York. Am. J. Potato Res. 86: 153.
- Navarro, F.M., Banks, E., Higgins, C., Bowen, B. and Palta, J.P. Selection for resistance to common scab in Wisconsin potato breeding lines. 91st annual meetings of the Potato Association of America 2008, Buffalo, New York. Am. J. Potato Res.86: 153.
- Palta, J.P., Navarro, F.M., Bowen, B. and Vega, S.E. 2009. UW Potato Breeding Program progress and update. Proceedings of Annual Wisconsin Potato Meetings 22:47-60.
- Navarro, F.M., Bowen, B., Vega, S.E. and Palta, J.P., 2009. Potato Breeding Program Research update. Proceedings of Annual Wisconsin Potato Meetings 22:61-79.
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