Progress 09/01/08 to 08/31/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Extension educators in SE USA. Scientists interested in Bt cotton. Scientists interested in insect ecology, especially competition, predation and landscape population dynamics. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? 1. A Ph.D. student was trained and completed a PhD. See products for the thesis title. 2. A second Ph.D. student learned how to do extensive data analysis through this project. 3. A statistics undergraduate major learned about the complexity of analysing real data. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? 1. Extension educators in SE USA. Two technical extension reports were published with the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station, which reaches many of the extension educators in the SE USA. Two talks were given to the Beltwide Cotton Conference, a conference that all cotton extension specialists and cotton researchers attend. 2. Scientists interested in Bt cotton. Two talks were given at the Beltwide Cotton Conference, which is attended by scientists in the public and private sectors interested in cotton. A talk was given at the Southeastern branch meeting of the Entomological Society of America. A talk was given at Embrapa Cenargen where scientists studying Bt cotton work. 3. Scientists interested in insect ecology, especially competition, predation and landscape population dynamics. Three talks were given to university audiences (University of Minnesota, University of California Riverside, Florida A & M). Three talks were given at the national meeting of the Entomological Society of America. A talk was given at a regional entomological meeting outside of the cotton growing area in the US (southern California). Four journal articles were published and two articles were submitted. 4. Research administrators. A technical report was written for USDA-ARS and a presentaton was given at the National Program Conference of ARS. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Confirm the sequence of habitats used by the stink bugs Nezara viridula and Euschistus servus in southern Georgia prior to colonization of cotton. We are preparing a manuscript for publication describing the sequence of crop habitats used by these two species in southern Georgia. We have shown in an earlier paper that non-crop habitats are important for the colonization of maize, but probably not for colonization of peanut, soybean or cotton. Previous ideas were that stink bugs did not reproduce in maize, that they did not colonize or reproduce in peanut, and that cotton was the last crop used in the season. We found that stink bugs reproduced in maize, that they colonized and reproduced in peanut, and that cotton was not the last crop used in the season. Colonization of cotton occurred around the same time as colonization of peanut and soybean, and soybean was the last crop used. 2. Estimate the parameters (net reproductive rate and interpatch movement) in the simple patch model that predicts stink bug colonization of cotton and evaluate the fit of the model to the data used to parameterize it. We have estimated crop preferences in a controlled field experiment and estimated adult survival rates on the different crops in another controlled field experiment. We are presently using a randomly selected half of the field data on the incidence and abundance of stink bugs in working landscapes to estimate net reproductive rate. Stink bugs have not been uniformly abundant during our study period, so there are many special cases that we have had to take into account before we could estimate this parameter. We have determined all of the special cases, have cleaned the data, and have estimated net reproductive rate for two species of stinkbugs in four crops over three years in two regions of Georgia each year. The estimates for brown stinkbug are better than for southern green stinkbug because they were more abundant during our study period. We also documented the role of natural enemies in stinkbug population dynamics. 3. Using the parameterized model, predict the effects of landscape structure on the colonization of cotton by these stink bugs and test the model predictions. We have randomly dividing the field data on the incidence and abundance of stink bugs in working landscapes, so that half is available for testing model predictions. 4. Demonstrate scramble and interference competition between these stink bugs and the boll-feeding Lepidoptera and estimate the magnitude of competitive release in Bt cotton. A PhD thesis was completed that addressed this objective. Two papers have been pubished and two more have been submitted for publication. One of the submitted papers describes a simple mathematical preference model that allows the use of movement behavior to infer preferences (attraction and leaving). The statistical properties of this model were also investigated, so that the influence of sample size, sampling intervals and sampling duration could be evaluated in terms of accuracy and bias of parameter estimates. In the second submitted paper, the model was used to estimate feeding preferences of immature stink bugs.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Olson, D. M., Ruberson, J. R. 2012. Crop-specific mortality of southern green stink-bug eggs in Bt- and non-Bt cotton, soybean and peanut. Biocontrol Science & Technology 22: 1417-1428.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Olson, D. M., Ruberson, J. R., Andow, D. A. 2012. Effects on stink bugs of field edges adjacent to woodland. Agric. Ecosystems & Environment 156: 94-98.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Hagenbucher, S., W�ckers, F. L., Wettstein, F. E., Olson, D. M., Ruberson, J. R., Romeis, J. 2013.
Pest tradeoffs in technology: Reduced damage by caterpillars in Bt cotton benefits aphids. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280: 1471-2954.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2009
Citation:
Olson, D. M. and Ruberson, J. 2009. Fate of Southern Green Stink bug eggs in Bt-Cotton, RR-Cotton, Soybeans and peanuts. Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conference. 2009
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Ruberson, J. R., Ottens, R. J., Thompson, M. D., Shaw , S. R., Olson, D. M., Brown, S., Edwards, P., Harrison, E., and McGriff, E. 2011. Importance of natural enemies for stink bug control. University of Georgia Extension Service Report. (Technical Bulletin)
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Olson, D. M., Ruberson, J. R., Brown, S., Edwards, P., Harrison, E., and McGriff, E. 2011. Stink bug and predator population densities in corn, cotton, soybean and peanut: comparisons between two regions in southern Georgia. University of Georgia Extension Service Report. (Technical Bulletin)
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Ruberson, J. R., Olson, D. M., Harwood, J. D. and Athey, K. J. 2012. Biological control of stink bugs in cotton, Pp 1153-1158. Beltwide Cotton Conference (Proceedings)
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Olson, DM. 2012. Final Technical Report. Project No.: 6602-22000-041-02S, Specific Cooperative Agreement with Dr. John Ruberson, University of Georgia. Project Title: Landscape Effects and Underlying Mechanisms Associated with Stink bug Outbreaks on Bt Cotton
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2009
Citation:
Zeilinger, A. 2009. Causes of non-target pest outbreaks in transgenic Bt cotton. Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 2009.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2009
Citation:
Zeilinger, A. 2009. Mechanisms of non-target pest outbreaks in transgenic Bt cotton: Stink bugs in the southeast US and Midwest Brazil, on behalf of Embrapa Cenargen Research Center, Brasilia, Brazil, 2009.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Olson, DM. 2011. Insect ecology & sustainable systems for insect pest management in the SE region , sponsored by Frenatae graduate students at University of Minnesota, MN, 2011
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Olson, DM and Ruberson JR. 2011. Natural enemies of stink bugs at the symposia (stink bugs) at the Entomological Society of America meeting in Reno, Nevada, 2011.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Olson, DM 2012. Edge effects of stink bugs in corn, cotton, peanut and soybean. Southwestern and Southeastern Branch Meeting, Entomological Society of America (2012).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Olson, DM. 2013. Results of regional study on population dynamics of stink bugs on cotton. National Program web-conference (2013). Presented to USDA-ARS National Program Leaders.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Zeilinger, AR. Ecological causes of non-target pest outbreaks associated with transgenic Bt cotton. Entomology Department Seminar, UC Riverside, 14 January 2013.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Zeilinger, A.R., D.M. Olson, D.A. Andow. in review. A likelihood-based bio-statistical model for analyzing consumer movement between simultaneous choices. Submitted to Ecological Modeling
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Zeilinger AR, Olson DM, MacLean D, Andow DA. in review. Behavioral mechansisms of deterrence and attraction of frugivorous stink bugs through induced responses in cotton. Submitted to Ecological Entomology
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
The role of competitive release in stink bug outbreaks associated with transgenic Bt cotton. PhD Thesis, University of Minnesota
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Zeilinger AR, Olson DM, Andow DA (2011) Competition between stink bug and heliothine caterpillar pests on cotton at within-plant spatial scales. Entomol Exp Appl 141:5970.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Ruberson, JR, DM Olson, KJ Johansen, JD Harwood: Natural enemies of stink bugs (Invited; Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Reno, NV, 13 November 2011)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Athey, KJ, JD Harwood, JR Ruberson: The stink bug assassins: Exploring biological control options using molecular techniques (Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Knoxville, TN, 12 November 2012)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Zeilinger, A.R. 2011. Ecological causes of stink bug pest outbreaks in transgenic Bt cotton. Entomological Association of Southern California, Pasadena, CA. 6 December 2011.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Andow, D.A. 2013. Assessment if Bt crops on non-target species: The process and the data. Invited Roundtable Talk. 13th Siconbiol, Simposio de Controle Biologico. September 18, 2013. Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Andow, D.A. 2013. Assessment if Bt crops on non-target species: The process and the data. Department of Entomology, University of S�o Paolo, Piracicaba. September 26, 2013. Piracicaba, S�o Paolo, Brazil.
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Progress 09/01/11 to 08/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The primary objective this year was to continue data collection and publicize the results of the project to academic audiences. In addition to the three published presentations, which were given to the annual meetings of the Entomological Society of America and the Ecological Society of America, several oral presentations were given to regionally relevant audiences. None of these talks were published. These included 1)University of Georgia, Department of Entomology, Athens, GA; 2) University of Minnesota, Program on Conservation Biology; 3) University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology; University of California Riverside, CA. PARTICIPANTS: PD: David Andow, University of Minnesota. PIs: Dawn Olson, USDA, Tifton; John Ruberson, University of Georgia. PhD Student: Adam Zeilinger, University of Minnesota. TARGET AUDIENCES: 1. Peanut, cotton, corn and soybean farmers in SE US. 2. Professional entomologists and ecologists. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Change in Knowledge: 1) We educated several farmers via our direct interactions while conducting the research. Specifically we informed several farmers of immanent pest outbreaks, which enabled them to implement controls and avoid several million dollars in crop loss. Notable findings: 1)We found that stink bugs colonize and oviposit in peanut, settling a long standing debate to the affirmative. 2) We found that stink bugs and heliothine caterpillars weakly compete for food resources when confined to single branches of a flowering cotton plant. This contrasts with our previous findings and suggest that direct competition is weak. 3) We found that damage by heliothine caterpillars substantially reduced stink bug oviposition, suggesting that indirect competition may be strong. Some of these results are reported in the publications below.
Publications
- Olson, D. M., J. R. Ruberson, A. R. Zeilinger and D. A. Andow. 2011. Colonization preference of Euschistus servus and Nezara viridula in transgenic cotton varieties, peanut and soybean. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 139: 161-169.
- Zeilinger, A. R., D. M. Olson and D. A. Andow. 2011. Competition between stink bug and heliothine caterpillar pests on cotton at within-plant spatial scales. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 141: 59 - 70.
- Zeilinger, A.R., D.M. Olson and D.A. Andow. 2011. Stink bug pests are released from competition with Helicoverpa zea larvae in transgenic Bt cotton. Oral presentation at the 2011 Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America. November 2011.
- Zeilinger, A.R., D.M. Olson and D.A. Andow. 2011. Stink bug pests are released from competition with Helicoverpa zea larvae in transgenic Bt cotton. Oral presentation at the 2011 Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 2011.
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Progress 09/01/10 to 08/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: One of the primary objectives of this year was to continue data collection and publicize the results of the project to academic audiences. Eight oral presentations were given to regionally relevant audiences, including schools with predominantly minority student bodies, academic societies, and commodity-related audiences. None of these talks were published. These included 1) Coastal Plain Experiment Station seminar series, on the ecological causes of stink bug pest outbreaks associated with transgenic Bt cotton, Tifton, GA; 2) Ecological Society of America Meeting, contributed presentation on competition among agricultural pest insects and its role in pest outbreaks in transgenic Bt cotton, Pittsburgh, PA; 3) National Cotton Council Beltwide Cotton Conference, the largest meeting on cotton in the world, on the fate of Southern green stinkbug egg masses in Bt-cotton, RR-cotton, soybeans and peanuts, New Orleans, LA; 4) Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America, contributed paper on temperature and host stage suitability for the parasitoid Aridelus rufotestaceus, Indianapolis, IN; 5) Entomological Society of America Meeting, contributed paper on competition between herbivore feeding guilds on cotton plants is species specific and likely plant-mediated, Indianapolis, IN; 6) Ecological Society of America, contributed paper on competitive release of an agricultural insect pest: The case of stink bug outbreaks in transgenic Bt cotton in the southeast US, Albuquerque, NM; 7) Center for Biological Control, Florida A&M University, invited talk on competitive release may contribute to stink bug outbreaks in Bt cotton, Tallahassee, FL; 8) Embrapa Cenargen, invited talk on competition between stink bugs and caterpillars in cotton, Cenargen Embrapa research station in Brasilia, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: PD: David Andow, University of Minnesota. PIs: Dawn Olson, USDA, Tifton; John Ruberson, University of Georgia. Students: Adam Zeilinger, University of Minnesota; J Ransom, University of Georgia TARGET AUDIENCES: 1. Minority undergraduate students who are interested in research opportunities. 2. Peanut, cotton, corn and soybean farmers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Change in Knowledge: 1) We employed one minority intern, who conducted independent research. She produced a poster which she presented at the Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students in Charlotte, NC. 2) We educated several farmers via our direct interactions while conducting the research. Specifically we informed several farmers of immanent pest outbreaks, which enabled them to implement controls and avoid several million dollars in crop loss. Notable findings: 1) We found that colonization rates of stink bugs are substantially higher in soybean than Bt- and Round-up (RR) cotton, which are themselves higher than peanuts. There was no difference in colonization rate between Bt- and RR cotton. The colonization rates obtained will be used as required parameters in our landscape model. 2) Predation rates of southern green stink bug eggs by long-horned grasshoppers are very high in soybean and egg predation rates by fire ants are very high in peanut. Stink bug egg predation rates are low overall in cotton. These predation rates have the potential to substantially affect stink bug populations in the region and will need to be included in our landscape model. 3) We found that stink bugs and heliothine caterpillars directly compete for food resources when confined to single bolls. Large caterpillars of H. zea suppressed growth rates of N. viridula, but none of the other pair-wise interactions exhibited resource competition. 4) We found that stink bugs preferred to oviposit on cotton that had not be previously damaged by caterpillars compared to cotton on which caterpillars had previously fed on a leaf. This interference competition of caterpillars on stink bugs is more prevalent than direct resource competition. We are characterizing the chemical differences that caterpillar feeding induces. 5) Nymphs of southern green stink bug preferred to feed on Bt cotton compared to non-Bt cotton. This preference occurred because nymphs stayed on Bt cotton longer than on non-Bt cotton. Nymphs of brown stink bug exhibited slight, but statistically insignificant preference for Bt cotton compared to non-Bt cotton.
Publications
- Ransom, J.R. et al. 2010. What Are the Effects of Transgenic Bt Cotton on Stink Bug Development and Feeding Preference Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students. Charlotte, NC. 11 November, 2010. (Poster)
- Olson DM et al. 2010 Crop specific mortality of Southern Green stink bug eggs at the Entomological Society of America Annual Southeastern Branch Meeting in Atlanta, GA on March 6- March 10, 2010.
- Olson DM et al. 2010 Colonization preference and egg survival of stink bugs in Georgia crops at the USDA-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Arthropods and Nematodes Biology and Management Programs Awardee Workshop in Washington D.C., 2010.
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Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: We disseminated results from this project through four talks. All of the talks covered results from studies on ecological factors within Bt cotton fields that may contribute to increased stink bug infestations in Bt cotton: -20 March 2009, at Cenargen Embrapa research station in Brasilia, Brazil -7 July 2009, at the Center for Biological Control, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL -4 August 2009, Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM -14 December 2009, Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN We also disseminated results through two poster presentations. Dawn Olson attended and presented a poster on stink bug egg predation rates relative to various host crops at the National Cotton Council Beltwide Cotton Conference in San Antonio, Texas, and The International Entomophagous Insect Workshop in Minneapolis, Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS: The main participants are David Andow (PD, University of Minnesota), Dawn Olson (PI, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA), John Ruberson (PI, University of Georgia), and Adam Zeilinger (Graduate Student, University of Minnesota). Partner Organizations. University of Minnesota, University of Georgia, USDA-ARS. Collaborators. Professor Felix Wackers is conducting analysis of terpenoid induction in cotton boll samples from this summer. This supplements the goals of the grant. Training or professional development. We provided a seminar on agricultural ecology to undergraduates at Florida A & M, and 1890 College. TARGET AUDIENCES: 1. Entomologists in Brazil who specialize in stink bug biology or study and extend research on Bt cotton. 2. Undergraduates in biology at the 1890 College, Florida A&M 3. Professional ecologists at the Ecological Society of America 4. Professional entomologists at the Entomological Society of America 5. Cotton researchers world-wide 6. Professional biologists specializing in parasitoids and predators of arthropod herbivores PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
1. We found that colonization rates of stink bugs are substantially higher in soybean, than Bt- and Round-up(R) cotton and peanuts. The colonization rates obtained will be used as required parameters in our landscape model. 2. Predation rates of southern green stink bug eggs by long-horned grasshoppers are very high in soybean and egg predation rates by fire ants are very high in peanut. Stink bug egg predation rates are low overall in cotton. These predation rates have the potential to substantially effect stink bug populations in the region and will need to be included in our landscape model.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 09/01/08 to 08/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Produced a poster for the USDA NRI meeting of PDs held December 2008 in Reno, Nevada. The poster presented the theoretical motivation for the project and described the research plan, which will begin in 2009. PARTICIPANTS: David Andow, University of Minnesota (PD) Dawn Olson, Researcher, ARS, Tifton, GA (PI and primary subcontractor) John Ruberson, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA (PI and secondary subcontractor) Adam Zeilinger, graduate student, University of Minnesota TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences in include extension entomologists in Georgia and nearby states, and crop management personnel. Extension entomologists were informed of the proposed work prior to submission of the grant. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Set up subcontract with ARS
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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