Progress 08/15/08 to 08/14/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: 08-09-001 Buckley - Evaluation of Minor Crop Composite Species for Nutritional and Phytochemical Potential - During this project one graduate was trained. Project materials and information have been presented at the annual ARI Showcase at Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, CA for students, faculty, industry and the public as well as at the American Society of Biologist. These findings will be published in the peer reviewed journal. 08-09-002 Daley - Sustainable Feeding Strategies for Western Dairy Production - Ten industry, university, and professional presentations and extension outreach presentations have been completed to date throughout California and the United States for groups such as, but not limited to, the 2009 Applied Agricultural Economic Association Annual Meeting; Western Organic Dairy Producers Alliance Conference in Twin Falls Idaho; and the Organic Farming Conference, CSU Chico, College of Agriculture. Additionally, the project's student research assistant received a dual major in Agricultural Business and Animal Science related to her work on the project and was subsequently admitted into the University of California Davis Agriculture Economics Department graduate school at. 08-09-003 Gu - Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) To Enhance Color Development and Extractability in Red Winegrapes - All experiments were conducted as proposed. Results were disseminated through journal publication and professional presentations for scientific audiences as well as ARI reports and outreach-education presentations for the grape and wine industry. Nine professional presentations and seven extension and outreach presentations have been completed to date. 08-09-004 Humphrey/ Peterson - Acquisition of a Microcapillary Flow Cytometer for Animal Health Monitoring - Multidisciplinary experiments have been conducted across departments at California Polytechnic State University. Three senior projects have been associated with and benefited from the project's research activity. Four professional and industry presentations have been completed to date to groups such as the Poultry Science Association and the 2009 California Animal Nutrition Conference. - 08-09-005 Thornton - Quantification of rot in wine grapes - The research team have made twice yearly presentations to the California Wine Industry Advisory Board (CWIAB) during August and December in 2009 and 2010. - 08-09-006 Yildiz - Development and Optimization of Microalgae Cultivation in Photobioreactors - All lab scale photobioreactor models and experiments were completed. Full-size PBR was acquired but never put into full production due to extended technical difficulties with power supply. It was determined that the simplest way to reduce the solar gains is to provide shading with a shading cloth, curtain, or whitening the greenhouse glazing. PARTICIPANTS: 08-09-001 Nancy Buckley, Ph.D. Professor College of Biological Sciences Cal Poly, Pomona - PI project leader planned and supervised experimentation, oversaw research activities, and coordinated activities of the research team; Youngsook You, Ph.D. Senior Research Associate Co-PI grew all the plant materials and performed plant extraction, XTT, BrdU, GeXP, Chlorophyll, FC assays; David Still, Ph.D. Professor, College of Agriculture project coordinator was responsible for experimental design and conceived experiments. 08-09-002 Cynthia A. Daley, Ph.D. College of Agriculture, CSU Chico - project lead, data analysis, reports, project coordination, publications, presentations; Bahoui Song, Ph.D. Agriculture Economist, CSU Chico College of Agriculture - economic analysis, co-author; Darby Holmes, Staff, College of Agriculture, CSU Chico - field data collections. 08-09-003 Sanliang Gu, Ph.D. Ricchiuti Chair of Viticulture Research, Jordan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (JCAST), California State University, Fresno - PI initiatied research projects, monitored progress, prepared reports and manuscripts, and presented at professional and outreach meetings; Hemant Gohil. Postdoc Fellow, conducted research projects including setting up and running HPLC system, setting up vineyard trials, sampling, and analyzing fruit and wines. 08-09-004 Daniel Peterson, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Animal Science Dept., College of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo - PI assumed project directorship, instrumentation oversight and utilization, and faculty researcher and student research assistant training and supervision upon the departure from the University of the original PI, Brooke Humphrey. 08-09-005 Drs. Thornton and Rodriguez are both from the Dept. of Enology and Viticulture, JCAST, California State University, Fresno - Roy Thornton, Ph.D. Professor - PI initiated research projects, monitored progress, prepared reports and manuscripts, and presented at professional and outreach meetings; Susan Rodriguez, Ph.D. Research Fellow/Lecturer and Gary Takeoka, Ph.D. Research Scientist at USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, collected and analyzed field and laboratory data. 08-09-006 Drs. Yildiz, Kaminaka, Hampson and Kelly are faculty research scientists from the Bioresources & Agricultural Engineering Dept., Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo. Ilhami Yildiz Ph.D. Associate Professor - PI was responsible for supervising all project activities and ensuring that objectives were completed within the project budget; Stephen Kaminaka, Ph.D. Professor was responsible for coordinating and facilitating activities and aiding in evaluating project progress, meeting agency requirements, and dissemination; Brian Hampson, Ph.D. Professor was responsible for algae microbiology and conducting biochemical analysese; Shaun F. Kelly, Ph.D. Associate was in charge of electronics, controls, and lighting; and Shikha Rahman, Ph.D. was in charge of hydrodynamics and visualization studies. Ten graduate and undergraduate students not listed due to space limitations also contributed to these projects. TARGET AUDIENCES: California State University Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) sub grants are exemplary illustrations of the California State University System (CSU) working for California and the nation through collaborative university-industry applied research partnerships. Its research, outreach-education, and technology transfer activities augment, enhance and extend the basic research conducted by the nation's land grant universities. Its project and program results are made widely available in the public domain in layperson terminology, and technology transfer assistance and information dissemination are provided directly to producers, processors, and consumers who need it most. All ARI program benefits extend well beyond farm gate receipts to include improvements in public health and safety, jobs creation and retention, regional economic development, environmental conditions, and/or international competitiveness. Participating faculty researchers and students benefit from expanded "real world" hands-on applied research that is directly applicable to industry priorities and is of high value to society. The resulting integration of research and academic curricula greatly enhances undergraduate and graduate student learning opportunities and professional leadership development. And the agricultural industry and consumers are afforded greater direct access to the wealth of CSU faculty and research staff expertise. This is of particular significance to the nation and its agricultural industry because the CSU annually graduates more than 52 percent of California's agriculture-related majors and more than 90 percent of its specialized majors in areas such as food and nutrition studies, agricultural engineering, plant sciences, and horticultural services. The ARI programs and sub grants also enables exploration of solutions for many of the strategic gaps in our knowledge base that otherwise might not be studied by for-profit companies and institutions because there is little or no specific monetary incentive to do so, despite their importance to the long-term sustainability and international competitiveness of our nation's agricultural industry. ARI research, information dissemination, and technology transfer activities will help ensure the continued vitality and long-term sustainability of the nation's agriculture industry well into the future. These six ARI sub grants are specifically targeting the nation's general agricultural community; specialty crop growers and processors; western regional dairy industry; national organic dairy industry; agricultural educators, university extension agents, and consultants; agricultural students interested in sustainable livestock feeding systems; winegrape growers; viticulture and plant growth researchers, teachers, and extension agents; wine grape growers, brokers, buyers, and winery operators; Algal biofuel industry; and state, local, and federal policy makers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: 08-09-001 Buckley - Evaluation of Minor Crop Composite Species for Nutritional and Phytochemical Potential - Unanticipated instrumentation frailer and lengthy repaired timelines resulted in the use of total phenol content to assess total antioxidant content. Studies have shown a high correlation between total phenols as assessed by the FC method and total antioxidants as assessed by ORAC for a wide variety of plant species. This indicates that the majority, but not all, of the antioxidant content of a plant is due to phenolic compounds. 08-09-002 Daley - Sustainable Feeding Strategies for Western Dairy Production - No project modifications were required. 08-09-003 Gu - Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) No project modifications were required. 08-09-004 Humphrey/ Peterson - Acquisition of a Microcapillary Flow Cytometer for Animal Health Monitoring - Daniel Peterson, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo - PI assumed project directorship, instrumentation oversight and utilization, and faculty researcher and student research assistant training and supervision upon the departure from the University of the original PI, Brooke Humphrey. 08-09-005 Thornton - Quantification of rot in wine grapes - The identified project technology was developed and technology transfer information was disseminated. However, after 18 months, the external funding body believed that the wine industry was not ready to use the technology presented. The imponderables such as timing of growth of each mold, and the quantity and speed of growth, all have an impact upon the quantities of end product present in the sample and ultimately in the gondolas during and after harvest. Until such time as these uncertainties are resolved the application may not be useful. 08-09-006 Yildiz - Development and Optimization of Microalgae Cultivation in Photobioreactors - The project was completed early due to the project director unexpectedly leaving the university. Continuation of additional post project research opportunities were not assigned to other faculty researchers.
Impacts
08-09-001 Buckley - Evaluation of Minor Crop Composite Species for Nutritional and Phytochemical Potential - Project experiments demonstrated a specific target of the extract and that the induction of apoptosis was species specific and not a general response despite the close phylogenetic relationship among plants. Thirty species representing seven genera from the Compositae family were evaluated. Extracts with no effect on cell death did not show significant changes in apoptotic gene expression. However, genes involved regulation of the cell cycle was down-regulated by the extract which strongly induced cell death in the HL60 cells. Apoptotic events were consistent with the down-regulation of the key anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2. 08-09-002 Daley - Sustainable Feeding Strategies for Western Dairy Production - The objective of this research was to determine the economic impact of reduced grain feeding systems under intensive grazing management. It has shown that higher net profit per cow can be achieved by decreasing the concentrate supplementation levels from 24 to 12 percent of dry matter intake (DMI) with no impact on milk yield and little impact on milk quality in an intensively managed, pastured based dairy with high forage quality. Therefore, forages may be a suitable substitute for grain inputs under intensive grazing management where pastures provide ample high quality vegetation. 08-09-003 Gu - Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) To Enhance Color Development and Extractability in Red Winegrapes - This project demonstrated the effectiveness and potential of Abscisic Acid (ABA) application to enhance color development and extractability in red winegrapes. ABA application enhanced fruit and wine color up to 85% in the warmer regions for winegrape production, where more than 50% of the tonnage is produced in the US. ABA treatments were effective in enhancing skin anthocyanins in all years. 08-09-005 Thornton - Quantification of rot in wine grapes - An increasing number of VOCs were detected over the time span of the experiment. The type and size of the VOCs also varied with time of incubation. Some VOCs, primarily present in the grapes declined over time, whereas some of those produced by microbial action increased. The data was subjected to detailed analysis by time of elution on the column. The range from 3.75 to 9.5 minutes 2 - and 3-methyl butanal, 2-pentanone declined, ethyl acetate, 2-methyl propanol, propyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-butene -1-ol, 2-and2-methylbutanol all increased. The concentrations of monoterpene hydrocarbons, alpha-pinene, limonene and gamma-terpinene increased. The concentrations of 2-methyl-2-bornene, 1-methylcamphene and 2-methylenebornane increased rapidly during the inoculation time. These compounds have been postulated to be dehydration or degradation products of 2-methylisoborneol but further studies are needed to clarify their origin. 08-09-006 Yildiz - Development and Optimization of Microalgae Cultivation in Photobioreactors - Full scale industry conditions for optimization of temperature control were calculated for horizontal closed-loop photobioreactors under any temperature and weather condition.
Publications
- Daley, Cynthia. 2009. Northeastern Organic Dairy Producers Alliance Newsletter.
- Daley, Cynthia. 2011. Western Organic Dairy Producers Alliance Newsletter.
- Gu, S., S. Jacobs, and G. Du. 2011. Efficacy, rate and timing of applications of abscisic acid to enhance fruit anthocyanin contents in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 86:505-510.
- Gohil, H. and S. Gu. 2011. Effect of temperature and abscisic acid on profile of skin anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon berries. American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Conference. Waikoloa, Hawaii.
- Gu, S., S. Jacobs, E. Mallea, and Y. Fang. 2010. Efficacy of ABA application to enhance fruit and wine color in warm region Syrah and Merlot grapes. National Conference of American Society for Enology and Viticulture. Seattle, Washington.
- Gu, S., E. Mallea, and Y. Fang. 2010. Effect of temperature and ABA on skin anthocyanin, tannin, and phenolics in Cabernet Sauvignon berries. National Conference of American Society for Enology and Viticulture. Seattle, Washington.
- Mallea, E. B., Y. Fang, and S. Gu. 2010. Development of tannin and phenolics in skins and seeds of Syrah berries in a warm region. National Conference of American Society for Enology and Viticulture. Seattle, Washington.
- Mallea, E. B., Y. Fang, and S. Gu. 2010. Effect of ABA on tannin and phenolics in skins and seeds of Syrah berries. National Conference of American Society for Enology and Viticulture. Seattle, Washington.
- Gu, S., E. Mallea, Y. Fang, S. Jacobs, G. Du, and R. Wample. 2009. Effect of ABA application to enhance fruit color on vine vigor, yield components, and fruit composition in Cabernet Sauvignon grape in a warm region. Annual Meeting of American Society for Enology and Viticulture. Napa, California.
- Gu, S., S. Jacobs, G. Du, X. Guan, and R. Wample. 2008. Efficacy of ABA application to enhance fruit color of Cabernet Sauvignon grape in a warmer growing region. Annual Meeting of American Society for Enology and Viticulture. Portland, Oregon.
- Gu, S., K. Kaigas, M. Kaigas, G. Du, S. Jacobs, and R. Wample. 2008. Efficacy of ABA application to enhance wine color of Cabernet Sauvignon in a warmer growing region. Annual Meeting of American Society for Enology and Viticulture. Portland, Oregon.
- Gu, S. and X. Guan. 2006. Effect of ABA application on berry color development in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Merlot grapevines. Annual Meeting of American Society for Enology and Viticulture. Sacramento, California.
- Mallea, E.B. 2010. Effect of ABA on tannin development in Syrah berries. Department of Viticulture and Enology, California State University, Fresno.
- D Amato, J. and Humphrey, B.D. (2010) Dietary arginine levels alter markers of arginine utilization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and thymocytes in young broiler chicks. Poultry Science 89(5):938-947.
- Mehlitz, Thomas 2009 Temperature Influence and Heat Management Requirements of Microalgae Cultivation inPhotobioreactor. Department of Agricultural Enginering Technology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
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Progress 08/15/09 to 08/14/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Buckley- Evaluation of Minor Crop Composite Species for Nutritional and Phytochemical Potential This project experienced a significantly delayed start and has therefore not completed any dissemination activity to date. Daley-Sustainable Feeding Strategies for Western Dairy Production results to date have been presented at the Acres Conference in Minnesota; a 2009 Applied Agricultural Economic Association meeting; Western Organic Dairy Producers Alliance Conference in Twin Falls, Idaho; and as part of the Grazing School 101 academic curriculum. Gu- Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) TO Enhance Color Development and Extractability in Red Winegrapes results to date has been presented at National Conference of American Society for Enology and Viticulture. Humphrey-Acquisition of a Microcapillary Flow Cytometer for Animal Health Monitoring instrumentation purchased with this funding has allowed for the completion of industry funded research examining the effects of feed additives and dietary nutrients on leukocyte populations; training of graduate and undergraduate students in this specialty science not previously possible; and supported Cal Poly, SLO university honors program projects. Thornton- Quantification of Rot in Winegrapes results to date has been presented to the 2009 and 2010 California Wine Industry Advisory Board. Yildiz- Development and Optimization of Microalgae Cultivation in Photobioreactors results to date have been presented at the Bio Energy Awareness Days II conference in Washington, DC; 2008 Sustainability Conference at San Luis Obispo, CA; Fifth California Climate Conference in Sacramento, CA; Focus the Nation event at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA, AND AT THE Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo campus open house event. PARTICIPANTS: 08-09-001 Evaluation of Minor Crop Composite Species for Nutritional and Phytochemical Potential: Nancy Buckley, Ph.D. Project Director and Professor in the Dept. of Biological Sciences at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Co-Investigator: Youngsook You Ph.D. Research Associate in the Dept. of Biological Sciences at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Collaborator: David Still Ph.D. Professor in the Depat. of Plant Science at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; 08-09-002 Sustainable Feeding Strategies for Western Dairy Production: Cynthia Daley Ph.D. Project Director and Animal Science Professor in the College of Agriculture at California State University, Chico, Co-Investigators: Bahoui Song Ph.D. Assistant Professor in the College of Agriculture at California State University, Chico and Ms. Stephanie Horton Senior Student in Agricultural Business at California State University, Chico, Cooperators: Western Organic Dairy Producers Alliance and Sierra Nevada Brewery industry partners and supplemental match donors; 08-09-003 Sanliang Gu, Ph.D. Professor of Viticulture and Ricchiuti Chair of Viticulture in the Dept. of Viticulture and Enology at California State University, Fresno; Co-Investigator: Robert Wample Ph.D. Director of the Viticulture and Enology Research Center at California State University, Fresno; 08-09-004 Acquisition of a Microcapillary Flow Cytometer for Animal Health Monitoring: Brooke Humphrey Ph.D. Project director and Associate Professor in the Dept. of Animal Sciences at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Adisseo, Alltech: BioResource International, Danisco, Degussa, DMS Nutrition Products, and Sygenta industry partners and external supplemental match donors; 08-09-005 Researchers seek rapid, accurate protocol for evaluating rot at wine grape sugar stands: Roy Thornton Project Director and Professor of Enology in the Dept. of Viticulture and Enology at California State University, Fresno, Co-Investigators: Susan Rodriguez Ph.D. Director, Wine Sensory Lab, Dept. of Viticulture and Enology at California State University, Fresno, Gary Takeoka Research Chemist at U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, American Vineyard Foundation industry external supplemental match donor; 08-09-006 Development and Optimization of Microalgae Cultivation in Photobioreactor: Ilhami Yildiz, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Dept. of BioResource and Agricultural Engineering at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Collaborators: Shaun F. Kelly, Ph.D. Associate Professor Dept. of BioResource and Agricultural Engineering at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Brian C. Hampson, Ph.D. Professor Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Shikha Rahman Ph.D. Assistant Professor Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Collaborator: Murat Kacira Ph.D. Associate Professor Dept. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering at the University of Arizona. TARGET AUDIENCES: The California State University Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) is an exemplary illustration of the California State University System (CSU) working for California and the nation through collaborative university-industry applied research partnerships. It is a diverse multi-campus applied agricultural and environmental research program that annually leverages public funding with external resources at least one-to-one to fund research on high-priority issues challenging the sustainability and international competitiveness of the nation's agriculture industry, environmental sustainability, and consumer health and safety. It focuses the collective expertise of the CSU's colleges of agriculture and environmental and natural resources at California State University, Fresno; California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; California State University, Chico; California State University, Humboldt; and California State University, Monterey Bay collaboratively with that of qualified faculty and research scientists from other universities and appropriate research organizations on finding immediate and practical solutions for priority state and national issues. Its research, outreach-education, and technology transfer activities augment, enhance and extend the basic research conducted by the nation's land grant universities. Its project and program results are made widely available in the public domain, and technology transfer assistance and information dissemination are provided directly to producers, processors, and consumers who need it most. ARI program benefits extend well beyond farm gate receipts to include improvements in public health and safety, jobs creation, regional economic development, environmental conditions, and international competitiveness. ARI research, information dissemination, and technology transfer activities will help ensure the continued vitality and long-term sustainability of the nation's agriculture industry well into the future. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Buckley-Evaluation of Minor Crop Composite Species for Nutritional and Phytochemical Potential-this project's start date was delayed almost eighteen months as the project director struggled to find qualified external match to meet the California State University Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) external match requirements. However, the project will be completed within USDA-ARI master grant timelines. Daley-Sustainable Feeding Strategies for Western Dairy Production-the project team changed the project's feeding emphasis from alternative grains to an economic assessment of reduced grain feeding under the advisement of the project's producer advisory group. A resulting key finding deminstarted that decreasing the concentrate supplementation levels from 24 to 12 percent of DMI had no impact on milk yield and little impact on milk quality in an intensively managed pasture-based dairy with high forage which resulted in higher net profit per cow. Gu-Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) to Enhance Color Development and Extractability in Red Winegrapes-the project has not required any major modifications to date. Humphrey-Acquisition of a Microcapillary Flow Cytometer for Animal Health Monitoring-the project has not required any major modifications to date. Thornton-Quantification of Rot in Winegrapes-the project has not required any major modifications to date. However, clean grapes were difficult to access as the season in California was very wet and promoted mold growth. Yildiz-Development and Optimization of Microalgae Cultivation in Photobioreactors- there were project delays as a result of significant difficulty experienced in acquiring an adequate power supply for the commercial photobioreactor installed in the Cal Poly, SLO greenhouse. It took approximately six months to acquire an appropriate power supply.
Impacts
Buckley-Evaluation of Minor Crop Composite Species for Nutritional and Phytochemical Potential - an outdoor nursery of Composite taxa representing 30 species, seven genera and four tribes, which specifically include 12 Echinacea species, three Helianthus species, two Cichorrium species, a Carthamus species and 48 Lactuca accessions from four wild lettuce progenitors was successfully established. Daley-Sustainable Feeding Strategies for Western Dairy Production - This project established the economic impact of reduced grain feeding systems under intensive organic pasture grazing management. Gu-Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) to Enhance Color Development and Extractability in Red Winegrapes - project experiments demonstrated the effectiveness and potential of ABA in enhancing fruit and wine color up to 85 percent in warmer regions for winegrape production, where more than 50 percent of the tonnage is produced in the United States. Humphrey-Acquisition of a Microcapillary Flow Cytometer for Animal Health Monitoring - instrumentation purchased with this funding has allowed the research team to develop protocols for analysis of avian leukocytes using fluorescently labeled antibodies. It also provided for the completion of industry funded research examining the effects of feed additives and dietary nutrients on leukocyte populations; training of graduate and undergraduate students in this specialty science not previously possible; and supported the Cal Poly, SLO University honors program mission projects. Thornton-Quantification of Rot in Winegrapes -the project seeks to identify the production of mold metabolites that are different from constituents naturally occurring in grapes. Therefore, the initial study using z-Nose was followed by a more intensive study by GC-MS, which is still on-going. When the analysis is complete, key VOCs will be identified for training the z-Nose. The sensitivity of this instrument may be valuable in detecting rot in the vineyard and permitting remedial measures to be taken at an early detection stage. To date, the following data has been learned a significant number of new VOCs produced my mold have been detected and identified; different molds may produce different VOCs; winegrape varieties may influence the amount and type of VOC produced; some VOCs decrease in quantity over time while others increase or remain constant; large amounts of sesquiterpenes are produced and could be very important markers since they are not found in grapes; and a large amount of VOC has been tentatively identified as a dimethylhexahy-dronapthalene. Yildiz- Development and Optimization of Microalgae Cultivation in Photobioreactors-large-scale photobioreactors have been running to perform research; a commercial photobioreactor, which arrived in December 2008, is operational in a greenhouse on the Cal Poly, SLO campus; a dynamic mathematical heat management model was developed and tested to establish heating and cooling loads of photobioreactors; lab-scale photobioreactors were run successfully; and first research results, which resulted in a master's thesis and the University's Outstanding Graduate Student Award, have been published.
Publications
- DAmato, J.L. and Humphrey, B.D.(2009) Poultry Science Association July/19/2009
- Moulds, M., Kong, S. Tomlinson, V., DAmato, J.L. and Humphrey, B.D. (2009) Effects of low caloric density broiler diets on peripheral blood T cell, B cell and monocyte abundance. California Animal Nutrition Conference. May/20-21/2009
- Moulds, M. and Humphrey, B.D. (2010) Nitric oxide synthesis by chicken macrophages results in coordinated change in the mRNA abundance of multiple arginine transporters. ADSA-PSA-AMPA-CSAS-ASAS Joint Annual Meeting July/11-15/2010
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Progress 08/15/08 to 08/14/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Buckley: Experiments and progress to date have been slower than anticipated because of lengthy delays in funding availability. Dr. Buckley's project entitled Evaluation of minor crop Composite species for nutritional and phtyochemical potential, for example, has no significant activity to report during this period because funding was not available for fifteen months due to additional support issues.Daley: Experiments demonstrated that forages can be a suitable substitute for grain inputs in dairy rations under intensive grazing management where pastures provide ample high quality vegetation. Producers are being encouraged to provide less grain supplementation under ad libitum grazing conditions to maximize profitability. Results were disseminated to the Western Dairyman's Conference and California State University Agricultural Advisory Council on March 17-19 and March 26, 2010.Humphrey: A Microcapillary flow cytometer was purchased from Guava Technologies. The instrument contains an argon laser that permits detection of up to three different colors in a given sample. A laptop computer containing the software for operation of the instrument and data analysis was also provided and is in use. Protocols for analysis of avian leukocytes using fluorescently labeled antibodies have been established. Protocols for analysis of cell populations using commercial dyes have been established.Yildiz: Lab-scale photobioreactors have been running to perform research. A commercial photobioreactor arrived at Cal Poly, SLO in December 2008, and is currently operational in a greenhouse on campus. The project director has secured a USDA Grand Challenge Award to fund on-going research activities. Poster presentations and/or displays have been presented or exhibited at Bio Energy Awareness Days II in Washington, D.C.; San Luis Obispo County Sustainability Conference 2008, San Luis Obispo, CA; the Fifth California Climate Change Conference in Sacramento, CA; Focus the Nation event at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA (Poster and Display Presentation). Gu: Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of abscisic acid (ABA) applications to enhance fruit and wine color of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot and Zinfandel grapes grown in California's warm regions. To identify the most effective ABA concentration and timing, clusters of mature Syrah and Merlot were sprayed with ABA until runoff at 600 ppm in 2009. ABA was applied either once or twice at various berry coloring stages.Thornton: Experiments using a variety of instruments are being conducted to find reliable differences in the spectra and/or VOCs that can be used to distinguish sound grapes from moldy grapes. The focus is to find a rapid, precise and accurate protocol that requires minimal technical expertise by personnel at the sugar-stand to provide quantitative and qualitative rot evaluation of wine grapes. Experiments are comparing, contrasting and evaluating the use of the NIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy, flow cytometry, hand-held gas chromatography, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, two types of Near Infra-Red (NIR) instruments, the Raman Spectroscopy and UV-VIS. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Nancy Buckley is an Associate Professor in the Dept of Biological Sciences of the College of Agricultural Sciences at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Dr. Young Sook You is a research associate in the Dept of Biological Sciences of the College of Agricultural Sciences at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona;Dr. Cynthia Daley is a Professor of Animal Science in the College of Agricultural Sciences at California State University, Chico; Dr. Celina Johnson is an Assistant Professor of nutrition in the College of Agricultural Sciences at California State University, Chico in Chico, California; Mr. Tony Azevedo is a organic dairyman/industry cooperator and president of Western Organic Dairy Producers Alliance in Stevinson, California;Dr.Sanliang Gu is a Professor of winegrape production, viticulture and vine physiology and the Ricchiuti Chair of Viticulture Research in the Viticulture and Enology Research Center/Dept of Viticulture and Enology of the Jordan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology at California State University, Fresno; Dr. Robert Wampl is a Professor of viticulture irrigation and vine physiology andthe Center Director/Chairman of the Viticulture and Enology Research Center/Dept of Viticulture and Enology in the Jordan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology at California State University, Fresno;Dr. Brooke D. Humphrey is an Assistant Professor of nutritional immunology in the Animal Science Dept of the College of Agriculture at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo;Dr. Roy Thornton is a Professor of enology and microbiology in the Viticulture and Enology Research Center/Dept of Viticulture and Enology of the Jordan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology at California State University, Fresno; Dr. Susan Rodriguez is a Research Scientist/Lecture of microbiology and sensory evaluation in the Viticulture and Enology Research Center/Dept of Viticulture and Enology in the Jordan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology at California State University, Fresno;Dr. Ilhami Yildiz is an Associate Professor of energy and controlled environments in agriculture in the BioResource and Agricultural Engineering Dept of the College of Agriculture at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (SLO); Dr. Shaun Kelly is an assistant professor of electronics, controls, and instrumentation in the BioResource and Agricultural Engineering Dept of the College of Agriculture at California Polytechnic State University, SLO; Dr. Brian Hampson is a Professor of aquaculture, food composition science and microbiology in the Food Science and Nutrition Dept of the College of Agriculture at California Polytechnic State University, SLO; Dr. Stephen Kaminaka is a Professor of agriculture engineering and microprocessor controls in the BioResource and Agricultural Engineering Dept of the College of Agriculture at California Polytechnic State University, SLO; Dr. Shikha Rahman is an Assistant Professor of hydrodynamics and visualization in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept of the College of Agriculture at California Polytechnic State University, SLO; TARGET AUDIENCES: This project's applied research results; outreach-education, information dissemination, and technology transfer assistance will be provided directly to the California producers, processors, and consumers who need it most. It is intended to augment, enhance and extend the basic research conducted by the nation's land grant universities and will therefore also be made widely available in layperson terminology in the public domain. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Sub grant research experiments and progress to date have been slower than anticipated because of lengthy initial delays in overall funding availability and extended funding delays for specific sub grant projects. Additionally, because some sub grant projects are seasonally oriented and cultural practice specific, actual sub grant project start dates were delayed by nearly a full year.
Impacts
Buckley: There are no reportable outcomes to date.Daley: Preliminary research results show that the income over feed costs and feed costs/cwt of milk produced can be significantly greater for low grain concentrate supplementation dairy herd groups, making intensive grazing a potential solution for dairy farmers with access to high quality pastures.Humphrey: Acquisition of the flow cytometer has allowed Cal Poly, SLO faculty research scientists an opportunity not previously available to conduct industry funded research projects examining the effect of feed additives and dietary nutrients on leukocyte populations. It is also enhancing and extending graduate and undergraduate student training and job readiness expertise as well as providing an opportunity for several of them to completion of their research and senior projects, respectively.Yildiz: A dynamic mathematical heat management model was developed and tested to estimate heating and cooling loads of photobioreactors. Lab-scale photobioreactors were run successfully. First research results (Master's Thesis) have been published. Thomas Mehlitz has graduated with M.S. degree, and received the Outstanding Graduate Student Award.Gu: All ABA treatments were effective in enhancing skin anthocyanin content and wine color. When applied only once, ABA at 80-100% berry coloring was the most effective in both years. Double ABA applications were more effective Merlot in 2009. ABA could be applied during 80-100% berry coloring for significant color enhancement for Syrah or Merlot in warm growing regions. Another application one week before or after 80-100% berry coloring may also offer additional benefit.Thornton: NIR,and UV-VIS spectroscopy can be used to distinguish moldy from non-moldy grapes. NIR,and UV-VIS spectroscopy cannot quantify the amount of mold/rot. Flow cytometry distinguishs mold, but the method needs to be developed and it may take too long and be too expensive. VOCs have been detected by and identified by GC-MS. A model is being tested to check on reproducibility and quantification prior to calibration of a zNose hand-held GC. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are producing spectra that have been used for PCA regression and prediction models following analysis with "The Unscrambler". Models are being enhanced.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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