Progress 08/01/08 to 07/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: OUTPUTS: Dried powders made from fruits, vegetables, and plant extracts are found in many nutraceutical products. The majority of puree powders on the market are low quality because they contain high amounts of additives (up to 80%) such as maltodextrin or cornstarch, are heat damaged, or oxidized. To address the need for high quality nutritional supplement powders, Ringer and colleague dried cranberry puree and juice concentrate, and raspberry puree (made from IQF fruit) with no to minimal amounts of carriers (cornstarch, maltodextrin). Pediococcus bacteria are generally regarded as being wine spoilage organisms. Osborne examined isolates to determine their impacts on wine quality. Pomace extracts (PE) were employed by Zhao to make edible films by incorporating into 3 different types of polysaccharides including low methyl pectin (LMP), sodium alginate (SA), and Ticafilm (TF), and the physiochemical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial functions of the films were investigated. All films had relatively low WVP, TF-PE films had high tensile strength, and SA-PE and TF-PE films showed large elongation. These films may be used as colorful food wraps. Oregon and Washington harvest over 60 million pounds of cranberries per year, with the majority of the Oregon fruit sent to the processed market. Due to the nature of the Oregon climate, cranberries can be harvested very late in the season - potentially into December, which may be advantageous to growers of fruit for the fresh market; however, growers need recommendations on when to harvest to optimize fruit quality. White found that nitrogen rate played a significant role in berry firmness, amount of physiological damage, berry weight and size on most harvest dates. The largest, firmest, and heaviest berries were seen at the 30lb./A nitrogen rates. Less physiological damage was also seen at the low nitrogen rates. Percentage of marketable fruit and percent decay showed significant differences based on the storage treatment. The percent of marketable fruit was higher in clamshells stored at 38 degrees F. Rot was significantly higher in fruit that was stored at room temperature. Skinkis and Strik produced valuable production physiology data for blueberries, blackberries and vineyards. In a study of red raspberry extracts (RE) and inhibition of the uptake of carcinogenic PAHs, Baird and Williams found RE decreased uptake of PAH by human cells in culture. Naidu's detailed assessment of the molecular diversity of field isolates provided a foundation for evaluating their role in the epidemiology of grapevine leafroll, rugose wood and fanleaf diseases, respectively, and developing strategies to contain their spread. PARTICIPANTS: Kerry Ringer and James Harbertson, School of Food Science, Washington State University; Dr. Jungmin Lee, USDA-ARS-HCRU, Parma ID; Yanyun Zhao, Alan Bakalinsky and James Osborne, Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University; Linda White, Patty Skinkis, Vaughn Walton, Amy Dreves and Bernadine Strik, Horticulture, Oregon State University; William M. Baird and David E. Williams, Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University; Naidu A. Rayapati, Washington State University Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center; Chad Finn and Robert R. Martin, USDA-ARS Horticulture Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR; TARGET AUDIENCES: Small fruit growers, geneticists, production physiologists, pest managers, fertizer and other chemical companies. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Ringer's research provides a use for damaged, bruised, or over-produced fruit that may not be suitable for sale in the fresh and frozen market as well as for berry waste streams from the juicing industry. Naidu's outputs have been incorporated in "clean" plant programs and disseminated to various stakeholders through extension and outreach programs for increased awareness of viruses and their impacts on sustainability of the wine grape industry in the region.
Publications
- Deng, Q. and Zhao, Y. 2010. Chemical composition of antioxidant dietary fiber in red and white wine grape pomace. IFT Annual Conference, Paper No. 183-04, July 18, Chicago, IL.
- Deng, Q. 2010. Characterization of Dietary Fibers and Phenolic Compounds in Wine Grape Pomace and Development of New Value-added Applications. M.S. thesis. Will defense in Aug. 2010.
- Chakraborty M, Savarese M, Harbertson E, Harbertson J, Ringer KL. 2010. Effect of the novel radiant zone drying method on anthocyanins and phenolics of three blueberry liquids. J Agric Food Chem 54(1):324-30.
- Lee, J., Subramanian, A., Savarese, M., Ringer, K.L. (manuscript in preparation) Comparison of different formulations for cranberry (Vaccinium marcocarpon Ait.) phenolic retention during Radiant Zone Drying. To be submitted to Journal of Food Science. Jarugula, S., Alabi, O.J., Martin, R.R. and Naidu, R.A. 2010. Genetic variability of natural populations of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 in Pacific Northwest vineyards. Phytopathology 100:698-707.
- Alabi, O.J., Martin, R.R. and Naidu, R.A. 2010. Sequence diversity, population genetics and potential recombination events in Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus in Pacific Northwest Vineyards. Journal of General Virology 91: 265-276.
- Mekuria, T. and Naidu, R.A. 2010. Genetically diverse isolates of Grapevine virus A are present in Washington vineyards. 2010 American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 7-11, 2010, Charlotte, NC. (Phytopathology 100:S81).
- Alabi, O.J., Mekuria, T.A., Jarugula, S., Gutha, L.R. and Naidu, R.A. 2010. Genetic diversity of grapevine viruses in own-rooted wine grape cultivars grown in Washington Vineyards. The 7th International Symposium on Cool Climate Viticulture and Enology, June 20-22, 2010, Seattle, Washington. (Outreach).
- Mekuria, T., Jarugula, S., Soule, M. and Naidu, R.A. 2010. Current status of grapevine viruses in Washington State vineyards. 7th International Symposium on Cool Climate Viticulture and Enology, June 20-22, 2010, Seattle, Washington. (Outreach).
- Mekuria, T.A., Gutha, L.R., Martin, R.R. and Naidu, R.A. 2009. Genome diversity and intra- and interspecies recombination events in Grapevine fanleaf virus. Phytopathology 99:1394-1402.
- Naidu, R.A., Mekuria, T.A., Alabi, O.J., Jarugula, S., Karthikeyan, G., Gutha, L.R. and Martin, R.R. 2009. Current status of grapevine viruses in the Pacific Northwest vineyards of the United States. 16th Meeting of the International Council for the study of virus and virus-like diseases of the grapevine. 31 August-September 4, 2009. (Outreach).
- Alabi, O.J., Martin, R.R. and Naidu, R.A. 2009. Molecular diversity and recombination in a foveavirus infecting grapevine. 2009 American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 1-5, 2009. Portland, OR (Phytopathology 99:S2).
- Mekuria, T.A., Soule, M.J., Jarugula, S. and Naidu, R.A. 2009. Current status of grapevine viruses in Washington State vineyards. 2009 American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 1-5, 2009. Portland, OR (Phytopathology 99:S83).
- Gutha, L.R., Mekuria, T.A. Martin, R.R. and Naidu, R.A. 2009. Molecular variability of Grapevine fanleaf virus in Washington State vineyards. 2009 American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 1-5, 2009. Portland, OR (Phytopathology 99:S49).
- Patricia A. Skinkis, Amy J. Dreves, Vaughn M. Walton, and Robert R. Martin, July 2009. Field Monitoring for Leafroll Virus and Mealybug in Pacific Northwest Vineyards. EM-8985. (OSU Extension Publication).
- V. Walton, A.J. Dreves, P. Skinkis, C. Kaiser, M. Buchanan, R. Hilton, B.R. Martin, S. Castagnoli and S. Renquist, October 2009. Grapevine Leafroll Virus and Mealybug Prevention and Management in Oregon Vineyards, EM 8990. (OSU Extension Publication).
- Amy J. Dreves and Vaughn M. Walton January 2010. Trapping and Identifying Mealybugs in Oregon Vineyards, EM 8998-E. (OSU Extension Publication).
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