Source: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS submitted to
NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION PROGRAM NRSP-3, COORDINATION & CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0214454
Grant No.
2008-39134-19508
Project No.
ILLU-483-633
Proposal No.
2010-04668
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
MG.2
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2008
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2013
Grant Year
2011
Project Director
Gay, D.
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
2001 S. Lincoln Ave.
URBANA,IL 61801
Performing Department
Illinois State Water Survey
Non Technical Summary
Acidic atmospheric deposition continues to be a serious environmental concern. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides emitted from industrial and transportation sources, utilities, and metropolitan areas enter the atmosphere and are transformed into acidifying compounds. These pollutants are transported in the atmosphere and are removed, in part, as acidic wet deposition. Ecological impacts from this deposition include changes to lake and stream chemistry, reduced forest growth, reduced soil fertility, and increased weathering and corrosion of exposed structures. Aerosols resulting from the emissions reduce visibility and alter the radiative balance of the climate system. Epidemiological studies link adverse human health with fine particles containing sulfate and nitrate. Deposition of atmospheric mercury has been identified as an important negative input to many ecosystems. Mercury deposition is a concern as toxic methyl mercury can accumulate in the food chain and impact human health. Scientists at State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAES) recognized the need for a national network to assess the magnitude, geographic extent, and temporal variations in the deposition of acidic substances and nutrients in precipitation. In 1977, the SAES's North Central Region established a regional project, NC-141, to address this need. NC-141 grew from a network of 22 stations in 1978, to a network with over 300 stations currently. SAES National Research Support Project-3 is the basis for the current monitoring program, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP). The goal of the NADP is to monitor the nation's precipitation for a range of chemical constituents, including mercury, to determine whether spatial and temporal trends in concentration and wet deposition are present. This project will provide for: (1) the management, coordination, chemical analysis, and site support of NADP's precipitation networks; and (2) quality assurance and quality control activities to ensure consistent operation and adherence to standard operational procedures. The NADP operates with guidance from an Executive Committee and from constituent subcommittees. Data collected from the network are available freely. Precipitation samples are collected using standard wet-dry precipitation collectors. Standard chemical methods are used to measure free acidity (as pH), conductance, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and ammonium. Total mercury is measured using EPA Method 1631. Most samples are collected on a weekly basis, every Tuesday morning. Expected outcomes include: a) freely available data; b) reports to site operators, supervisors, and sponsors of the precipitation chemistry data; c) site operator training; d) support of the field equipment; and e) progress reports to the NADP community. Anticipated benefits include monitoring the deposition of specific chemical constituents to the nation's ecosystems, and detection of trends in the deposition of these constituents.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
20%
Applied
80%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1120410200030%
1120410206030%
7230410200020%
7230410206020%
Knowledge Area
112 - Watershed Protection and Management; 723 - Hazards to Human Health and Safety;

Subject Of Investigation
0410 - Air;

Field Of Science
2060 - Geography; 2000 - Chemistry;
Goals / Objectives
The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) monitors the nation's precipitation for a range of chemical constituents, including mercury, to determine whether spatial and temporal trends in concentration and wet deposition are present. This project provides management and coordination of NADP's three nationwide networks: the National Trends Network (NTN), the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN), and the Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN). It also provides site support, chemical analysis, and data validation for 181 NTN, 7 AIRMoN, and 18 MDN sites directly supported through this agreement as well as quality assurance and quality control activities to ensure consistent network operation and adherence to standard operational procedures. The NADP operates with technical and administrative guidance from the NADP (NRSP-3) Executive Committee and from constituent subcommittees. All work described here is conducted in accordance with the NADP Quality Management Plan. NADP data are available freely to all users. The expected outputs for the project are specific, and relate to operation and management of the networks, including chemical analysis. These include: a) freely available data; b) reports to site operators, supervisors, and sponsors of precipitation chemistry data; d) operator training for each of the networks; e) support of field equipment (precipitation gages and collectors) to ensure continuous operation of the sites with minimal downtime; and f) progress reports to the NADP community at regularly scheduled meetings, to the SAES Regional Research Committees, to the Current Research Information System, and to the National Information Management and Support System. The two supporting laboratories are responsible for certain deliverables, including: a) providing supplies to all network sites; b) semi-annual reports to the NADP community; c) monthly reports of preliminary chemical analyses to the sites; d) monthly reports to the NADP Program Office detailing site operational problems, changes to site equipment, and persistent problems; e) electronic data to the NADP's Program Office; f) annual reports of internal Quality Assurance activities; g) updated Standard Operational Procedures; and h) presentation of accomplishments and activities to the NADP community at regular meetings.
Project Methods
The NADP uses straightforward, scientific methods for sample collection and analysis. Rigorous quality assurance methods for both field and laboratory activities are employed. Standard operating procedures are consistent throughout each network, and are well documented. All samples are collected in the same manner. Within the laboratories, the NADP uses basic wet-chemistry methods to perform the major analyses, including: pH and conductance; flow injection analysis for ammonium and phosphate; ion chromatography for sulfate, nitrate, and chloride; inductively-coupled plasma spectroscopy for calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium; and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry for mercury. Our extensive data quality program is overseen by an independent QA manager, and our system is tested by outside auditors (USGS) regularly. The QA program follows our Quality Assurance Plan. All data are well qualified for field, laboratory and data perspectives, with clear classification of final data values into three validity categories. All documents and procedures are peer-reviewed. As a National Research Support Project (NRSP-3), our principal effort is research support. Data is available freely from the NADP website. Since 1998, 60% of the data downloads are for research. NADP data have been used in M.S. and Ph.D. thesis research. Authors and publishers have used NADP figures and maps in undergraduate textbooks in biology, chemistry, ecosystem change and public health, geographic information systems (GIS), and meteorology. NAPD products are twofold: annual concentration and deposition maps, and the qualified dataset. Both are available through the NADP website. Each product is widely used in research. The website receives ~1.4M hits/yr. In 2007 there were 89,103 unique users who downloaded 24,538 data files. The data are used in approximately 100 publications (reports and journal articles) a year. All NADP information is available online without restriction. Since 2002, NADP staff members have participated in many extension service programs. In particular, NADP staff has been involved in outreach activities with Native American organizations relating to mercury concerns. Staff members have given presentations at the Institute of Tribal Environmental Professionals, National Tribal Air Association, and Tribal Monitoring Support Center. In response to the need for gaseous ammonia measurements on a nationwide basis, the NADP began a pilot network in late 2007 for the measurement of gaseous ammonia concentrations. The network includes sites in 13 states. Activities such as these indicate the breadth of support, and the Program's responsiveness to emerging needs of researchers and policy-makers. Every year, a scientific symposium is held where presenters summarize the results of their studies using NADP data. Over the last five years, attendance at these meetings has averaged 140. The typical number of oral presentations is 40 and the number of poster presentations is 35. Attendance at the 2007 meeting in Boulder, Colorado was 172, a new record for this 30-year-old program.

Progress 09/01/08 to 08/31/13

Outputs
Target Audience: The NADP provides fundamental measurements that support informed decisions on environmental and agricultural issues related to precipitation and deposition chemistry, as well as atmospheric mercury and ammonia. NADP data are relevant to a wide audience and freely available to all (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu). Data from our monitoring effort is used by a wide range of scientists for a number of research topic areas (see publications). Our data is used by policymakers to make informed decisions on agriculturally important topics. Our data is also used in many different education areas including chemical, agricultural, and environmental sciences; is used at many different education levels including elementary, secondary and post-secondary; and is used for many different theses and dissertations (see publication record). All data are available free of charge via the NADP website. Changes/Problems: There were no major changes/problems with the NADP approach. The NADP is an ongoing research support and monitoring project. A change in equipment (digital precipitation gages) did occur over the past five years, but this did not change the project approach, but it did improve the quality of the data collected. This change was discussed in the previous section. As discussed in other sections, the addition of bromide deposition measurements was completed during the past 5 years that adds data to the NADP project. The NADP is constantly discussing additional capabilities to add to the NADP standard measurements. Specific examples of this were the soybean rust measurements and the nuclear measurements associated with the Fukushima nuclear disaster (both discussed previously). What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? During the past five years, the NADP has converted from on-site, annual operator training sessions to online monthly training video conferences. The first video training was conducted in 2012 and this practice continues to date. The objective was to improve sampling techniques for site operators, to provide this training more often, and to save funding of travel support for attendees. An overall improvement of in the number of trainees did occur, and the financial savings have been realized. Additionally, at several of our annual meetings, we held onsite operator training sessions. These were reasonably well attended, but were discontinued in 2011 in favor of our video conferences. Additionally, during two separate fall meetings, we had two workshops for 1) “Total Deposition” to discuss specific methods and procedures that could be adopted for some of our data, and make new estimates of fluxes available, and 2) a workshop on “Atmospheric Nitrogen”, in support of the new interests in nitrogen compounds, and in organic nitrogen in particular. At both workshops, the attendees were a mix of policy professionals and scientists who would all use the information. These workshops gave these participants a forum to address what data would be most useful, and how the data would be developed. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Internet disbursement of data is the primary route of dissemination for the NADP project. Web statistics show annually that we are reaching our stakeholders and targeted populations, and that the percentage breakdown of these users remains relatively fixed: federal and state agencies (app. 40%), universities (36%), K to 12 schools (16%), and others (8%). During this five year period, download statisticshave shown increases in the number of registered data users each year. Note that the 2012 count is incomplete due to a server change, and that website improvements have in part reduced download numbers. From 2008 to 2013, NADP recorded 134,000 data downloads from our site, with 123,000 map downloads. Registered users of our data continue to be strong over all years, and demonstrate that NADP continues to be relevant to the scientific and educational communities. Distribution of our printed Map Summaries also is an important part of our dissemination of NADP information and data products (maps, all networks, etc.). During each of the past 5 years, the NADP printed 2,000 copies of our Map Summary (2008-2012). The NADP distributes annual map summaries online and (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/lib/dataReports.aspx) and mails approximately 1,500 hardcopies to members of the Technical Committee each year. During each year, we have very few map summaries remaining (distribution of 2012 continues). Additionally, the individual maps within the summary (discussed previously) are also available online. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? As stated previously, we met all of our goals for the year. However, we are always trying to add value to our data, and therefore add to the goals. During 2012, the NADP began to measure and report the concentration of bromide ion in all NADP samples as a routine analyte of the NTN and AIRMoN networks. Regular measurements are now available within the NADP database, and a national summary map was produced for 2012. A new litterfall mercury monitoring initiative (with approval as a network pending) began measurement on Sept 1, 2012, and continued through the end of the year. This network specifically measures mercury and methyl mercury in forest litterfall (leaves, twigs, etc.). These dry deposition estimates will complement the MDN and AMNet deposition monitoring. The network is to operate through 2016. Another improvement is to digitize all of the individual field precipitation records (back to 1978) and make them available to researchers via the NADP website, for a more complete site and sample collection record. This is ongoing and should be completed during 2014. We are also planning to continue to increase the rate of sample result reporting, so that data is finalized and distributed faster for website distribution. Additionally, NADP will seek to increase the number of network site locations, so that researchers have more data from more locations. Dry deposition estimates are planned for the gaseous measurements of the AMoN and AMNet networks using modelled estimates of deposition velocity. The Total Deposition Science Ad hoc Committee within NADP is charged with determining methods and protocols for the development of this dataset. This information will be very valuable to depositional researchers.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Since 1978, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) has provided fundamental measurements to support informed decisions on environmental and agricultural issues related to the ambient concentration and wet deposition of atmospheric pollutants in North America. From 2008 – 2013, NADP data were cited in over 600 peer-reviewed publications and book chapters. Data from the NADP’s five monitoring networks, namely the National Trends Network (NTN), Mercury Deposition Network (MDN), Atmospheric Mercury Monitoring Network (AMNet), Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN), and Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) were downloaded over 130,000 times by over 40,000 registered data users. These data users represent federal and state agencies (40% of users), universities (36%), K-12 students and educators (16%) and others (8%). Each year, NADP data are used by policy makers to make informed decisions on agriculturally important topics, including the impact of atmospheric pollutant fallout on the North American food supply. Data are also used in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) curricula on the elementary, secondary, and post-secondary level. All data are available free of charge (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu). Notable outcomes during the 2008 – 2013 reporting period are as follows: Wet deposition sample concentrations and fluxes were reported from 65,181 NTN, 5,225 AIRMoN, and 29,220 MDN samples. Ambient concentration data from 4,838 AMoN samples and over 200,000 hours of AMNet data were added to the NADP databases. All data are available on the NADP website, and were summarized in annual maps. The NADP hosted five annual technical committee meetings and scientific symposia to review data processing algorithms and to present and share data from stakeholders. Attendance was over 750 from academic, government, and tribal organizations. The NADP collaborated with scientists at the USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory (CDL) to measure soybean rust spores (SBR) in NTN samples. The U.S. Geological Survey supported a study with NADP to assess the impact and geographic extent of radioactive fallout from the March 2011 nuclear incident at Fukushima Dai-ichi in Japan. Within this national research support project (NRSP), there are three stated goals: 1) management and coordination of the five NADP monitoring networks; 2) site support, chemical analysis, and data validation for network sites directly supported by this agreement (176 NTN, 6 AIRMoN, 15 MDN, 4 AMNet sites, and 54 AMON sites); and 3) quality assurance and quality control activities to ensure consistent operation and standard operational procedures. During this annual period, all three of our goals were met. These same goals were repeated over the 5-year project period. Major Activity 1: Our principal output is the collection and analysis of precipitation chemistry and atmospheric chemistry samples. For all of these networks, 104,464 samples were collected of the four types, along with over 200,000 observations from the AMNet. Specifics are included in the products section of this report. Major Activity 2: The NADP makes our collected data available to support research and education. We do this through a web-available database, and through our annual map series and map summary. All of these analytical results, organized by site and date, are available here (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/data/). Each calendar year the NADP produces a series of 23 national maps of wet deposition concentration flux for all of our analytes and networks. For the gaseous networks, we produce similar types of summary figures. Each map summary for years 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 is available here (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/lib/dataReports.aspx). The map summary for 2013 will be produced in the fall of 2014 after all normal data processing. Objectives Met: Goals 2 and 3 are completed for each year before the data is released in final form and maps are generated. Therefore, all Objectives (goals) were met for each year of the project. Objectives Not Yet Met: None of our stated goals were unmet during the year. Results Achieved: As a National Research Support Project, our results are the data and the database as described above. Research results are the journal articlesdescribed in the Products Section of this report (articles listed are only a subset of the 600+ articles that use or reference NADP data over the five year period). Other Important Outcomes During the past 5 years, several other very important results have occurred beyond our basic mission and goals in response to the needs of stakeholders. New Networks. NADP scientists initiated the low-cost Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN) with the intent of calculating ammonia dry deposition. Ammonia is causing great concern among agriculture and air pollution scientists. The network is currently operating with data available online (http://nadpweb.sws.uiuc.edu/nh3net/). Growth in the network has been very rapid (see annual sample counts in earlier table), and the passive measurements allow for deployment in remote locations. The Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) was initiated to estimate mercury dry deposition, as a complement to MDN wet deposition measurements. Scientists have determined that dry deposition may be the major mercury deposition contributor. Continuous analyzers measure elemental and gaseous oxidized mercury, along with mercury associated with particulates. Measurement began in 2010 and the AMNet is currently operating at 20 sites in the US, Canada, and Taiwan. The new Mercury Litterfall mercury monitoring initiative is measuring mercury and methyl mercury in forest litterfall (leaves, twigs, etc.). These dry deposition estimates will complement the MDN wet deposition mercury monitoring and the dry deposition estimates from the AMNet. The initiative is now in its second year, with analysis and field support provided by the USGS. This network has not yet received full network approval. New Analytes. The NTN and AIRMoN added the analysis of bromide ion to the routine analytes of all samples. This was added at some sites in 2009 and extended to all sites in 2011. Bromide is released into the environment via natural and anthropogenic processes, including agricultural fumigants and flame-retardants, and methyl bromide is classified as an ozone-depleting substance by the U.S. EPA. This new analyte record adds value to the NADP dataset. NADP has developed and tested methodology for routine analysis of organic nitrogen in wet deposition samples. The organic component of total nitrogen deposition is of particular interested for some scientists, including agriculture researchers. The methods are available now, and could begin with Executive Committee approval. Continued Quality Assurance Audits. NADP contract laboratories and the Program Office are each reviewed annually in rotation to identify problems, improve performance, and provide external checks to the program. These audits are a mix of external and NADP member scientists. The Central Analytical Laboratory (NTN lab) was audited in 2008 and 2011; The Mercury Analytical Laboratory (Frontier Global Sciences, Inc.) was audited in 2009 and 2012; and The Program Office of NADP was audited in 2010 and 2013. For each audit, results were reporting back to the Executive Committee at the respective Fall meetings. Equipment Upgrade: Originating with a Technical Committee decision in 2006, the NADP has converted the overwhelming majority of its older-style mechanical precipitation gages to digital-style precipitation gages. There are only about 40 sites remaining unchanged, representing < 15% of the network. The all-digital precipitation network will provide easier operation for site operators, provide better precipitation data (intensity and duration), and save funds for the program.

Publications

  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2008 Citation: A Listing of 7 textbooks that have used NADP maps and data: Millard, S. P. 2013. Probability, Statistics and Information. Also w/ compendium of methods. Springer Science+Business Media NY. ISBN 978-1-4614-8455-4. Withgott, J., Brennan, S. R. and Murck, B. W. 2011. Environment: The science behind the stories. Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-321-73936-0. Tro, N. J. 2010. Chemistry: A molecular approach. Pearson Education, Boston. ISBN 0-321-80924-6. Allen S.K. and J. M. Allen. 2008. Chemistry Matters. Kendall Hunt Pub., ISBN 978-0-7575-4380-7. Kelter, P. B., Mosher, M. D. and Scott, A. 2008. Chemistry: The practical science (Vol. 10). Houghton Mifflin Co., NY. ISBN 10:0-618-82860-5. Wolfson, R. 2008. Energy, environment, and climate. WW Norton & Co. ISBN978-0-393-92763-4. Harris, D.C. 2013. Exploring Chemical Analysis, (in Chinese), W. H. Freeman and Co.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: A Listing of Dissertations and Theses (2012-13) that have used NADP maps and data: Hale, R. L. 2013. Coupled Hydrology and Biogeochemistry in Social-Ecological Watersheds. Dissertation, Arizona State University. Jones, G. B. 2013. Nutrient Dynamics in Cool-Season Pastures, Masters Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University). Fleming, C. S. 2013. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Management in the Mid-Atlantic, Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Arundale, R. 2012. The higher productivity of the bioenergy feedstock Miscanthus x giganteus relative to Panicum virgatum is seen both into the long term and beyond Illinois. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois. Bruder, S. R. 2012. Prediction of spatial-temporal distribution of algal metabolites in Eagle Creek Reservoir, Indianapolis, IN. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University. Grenon, J. A. 2012. Epiphytic lichens, nitrogen deposition and climate in the US northern Rocky Mountain states, Doctoral dissertation, Montana State University. Hansen, J. 2012. Assessment of atmospheric nitrogen deposition: Possible effects on alpine ecosystems above 9000 feet in Grand Teton National Park. Masters thesis, Utah State University. Olson, J. R. 2012. The influence of geology and other environmental factors on stream water chemistry and benthic invertebrate assemblages. Doctoral dissertation, Utah State University.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2008 Citation: As a National Research Support Project (NRSP-3), our main mission is to support research, and in particular to provide data for research journal articles and reports. Each year, the NADP compiles a list of research articles, reports and theses/dissertations that used NADP data or compared their results to NADP data. For the project years, we can report 126 articles/reports for 2008, 147 articles/reports for 2009, 148 articles/reports for 2010, 173 articles/reports for 2011, and 170 articles/reports for 2012. The review is not complete for 2013 as of now, but there are at least 202 articles/reports for 2013. The annual bibliography of articles and reports can be found here: http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/lib/bibliography.aspx. In this report section, we have included example publications; two more agricultural-related publications for each year of the project.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2008 Citation: Stephen, K. and Aneja, V.P. 2008. Trends in agricultural ammonia emissions and ammonium concentrations in precipitation over the Southeast and Midwest United States. Atmospheric Environment 42:3238-3252. Nitrogen deposition from southeast North Carolina confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) has a very large impact on local areas. Their results followed NADP ammonium wet deposition patterns, and an emissions/deposition model suggested that much of the local ammonia emission is transported only a short distance before it is re-deposited. Therefore, local ammonia sources have a large impact on the local nitrate deposition.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2008 Citation: Krupa, S., Booker, F., Bowersox, V., Lehmann, C. and Grantz, D. 2008. Trace gases associated with U.S. agriculture: A review. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 58:986-993, DOI:10.3155/1047-3289.58.8.986. Krupa and others investigated uncertainties in emissions of agriculturally emitted gases, focusing on nitrogen species and other semi-volatile organic compounds. Here the authors gather information about atmospheric ammonia and nitrate emission trends from NADP wet deposition measurements since no routine atmospheric measurements are made.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: Barnes, C.W., Szabo, L.J. and Bowersox, V.C. 2009. Identifying and quantifying Phakopsora pachyrhizi spores in rain. Phytopathology 99:328338. Following from our ASR work, Barnes et al. discussed the early years of NADP sampling, showing that 2006 was a year of heavy deposition for ASR. The paper also discusses how the genetic techniques for the identification of the disease were furthered and are now available for future research.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: Sobota, D.J., Harrison, J.A. and Dahlgren, R.A. 2009. Influences of climate, hydrology, and land use on input and export of nitrogen in California watersheds. Biogeochemistry 94:4362. Sobota et al. used wet and dry estimates of nitrogen deposition (NADP, Clean Air Status and Trends Network) to examine the factors leading to nitrogen export from 23 California watersheds to rivers and streams. Manure and fertilizer application was indicated to be an important nitrogen source even with little agricultural application in the watersheds.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Skogen, K.A., Holsinger, K.E. and Cardon, Z.G. 2010. Nitrogen deposition, competition and the decline of a regionally threatened legume, Desmodium cuspidatum. Oecologia, online publication, doi: 10.1007/s00442-010-1818-7. Skogen et al. investigated the impact that anthropogenic and agricultural nitrogen deposition could have on mid-latitude forests and native species (e.g., legumes). They estimated that N deposition is having a detrimental effect on these legumes through increased biomass in other species that out-compete them. As other species more strongly assimilate N, legumes become more dependent on other limited nitrogen sources.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Bohl-Bormann , N.L., Baxter, C.A., Adraski, T.W., Good, L.W. and Bundy, L.G. 2010. Source water effects on runoff amount and phosphorus concentration under simulated rainfall. Soil Science Society of America Journal 74: 612618. Bohl-Bormann et al. studied the effect of ion losses in cropping systems (corn and alfalfa), specifically studying the method of using "simulated rainfall versus actual rainfall (as provided by NADP) to determine leaching. They concluded that simulated rainfall does have significant differences from real rainfall. Here, NADP provided regional values of Na, K, Mg, Ca deposition, rainfall samples, and information on orthophosphate ions.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Dietze, M.C. and Moorcroft, P.R. 2011. Tree mortality in the eastern and central United States: Patterns and drivers. Global Change Biology 17: 3312-3326, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02477.x. Dietze and Moorcroft studied tree mortality to determine what forcings were important across the eastern two-thirds of the U.S. The authors concluded that the two most important factors are forest stand characteristics and air pollution. NADP information for nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, and acid ions was used extensively to define air pollutant inputs to these systems.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Faulkner, J.W., Zhang, W., Geohring, L.D. and Steenhuis, T.S. 2011. Nutrient transport within three vegetative treatment areas receiving silage bunker runoff. J. Environ. Man. 92: 587-595. Faulkner et al. investigated the changes in animal waste water after treatment using silage bunker impoundment areas. The authors were looking at ammonium, nitrogen, chloride, and phosphorus removal efficiencies, which were quite high in some cases. Chemical input to the bunkers from precipitation was defined using NADP nitrate, ammonium, and chloride information for the New York area.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Qi, Z., Bartling, P. N., Ahuja, L. R., Derner, J. D., Dunn, G. H. and Ma, L. 2012. Development and evaluation of the carbon - nitrogen cycle module for the GPFARM-Range model. Computers & Electronics in Agriculture 83: 1 - 10. Qi et al. (USDA-ARS scientists) developed a carbon-nitrogen cycle module for use in the Great Plains Framework for Agriculture Resource Management model (GPFARM-Range, simulations of forage growth and cowcalf production). This module predicts crop carbon and soil carbon and nitrogen over time. The model was verified against measurements in Wyoming. The model was developed to be used directly with NADP data; observations of ammonium and nitrate are N inputs to the module and system being evaluated.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Han, H. and Allan, J. D. 2012. Uneven rise in N inputs to the Lake Michigan Basin over the 20th century corresponds to agricultural and societal transitions. Biogeochemistry 109(1): 175 - 187. Han and Allen estimated the input of nitrogen to the Lake Michigan Basin from 1880 through 2000, showing six-fold increases until about 1980, and stable levels since that point. This increase corresponds to large increases in nitrogen fertilizers and atmospheric deposition. Nitrogen deposition was the dominant input early (66% of a modest amount), and is still a very significant input (48% currently). The authors used nitrate and ammonium NADP observations from about 40 sites and 25 years to make their estimates.


Progress 09/01/11 to 08/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Our principal output is the collection and analysis of precipitation chemistry samples, and the NADP collected a total of 13,252 weekly samples (and 150 quality assurance {QA} samples) from the 255 site NTN. Each observation was for 10 analyte concentrations and precipitation volume, allowing for analyte-specific deposition fluxes. The 7 site AIRMoN network collects daily precipitation samples, and during this project period collected and processed 1,064 samples (111 QA samples). The 110 site MDN collected and processed 4,693 (~1,000 QA) weekly mercury in precipitation samples. The Ammonia Monitoring Network has 57 sites which collected and quality assured 2,883 atmospheric ammonia measurements (1,365 QA samples). The Atmospheric Mercury Network quality assured and produced over 31,000 valid hourly and 2 hourly atmospheric mercury averages over its 18 sites through April. Continuous modeling of dry deposition fluxes is being planned. Our second most important output is making our collected data available to support research and education. Scientists, policymakers, educators, and students are encouraged to access data at no charge (nadp.isws.illinois.edu). Our website offers online retrieval of individual data points, seasonal and annual averages, trends, concentration and deposition maps, reports, and other information. As of today, 2011 data are complete and online, with data through March of 2012 available shortly. Internet disbursement of this data continues. Data downloads exceeded 27,800 in the past 12 months. Web statistics show that we are reaching our expected audience: federal and state agencies (app. 40%), universities (36%), K to 12 schools (16%), and others (8%). During FY11, annual maps of atmospheric pollutants, concentrations, and depositions were developed for 2010 measurements and were made public in September, 2011. This map set constitute a major network product (nadp.isws.illinois.edu/data/annualiso.aspx). Individual maps are compiled into annual Map Summary reports and distributed. Currently, the 2011 maps are being finalized, with the summaries completed, printed, and distribution will begin about September 15th, 2012. Scientific Meeting (Fall 2011). Every year, a scientific meeting is held that showcases some of the latest deposition research. In October (Providence, RI), the meeting focused on 'NADP at the Nexus: Cross System Connections', with a goal of determining new directions for the program. The meeting attracted 130 participants, 6 speaking sessions and 30 posters. All presentations, posters, and proceedings are available (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/conf/2011/). Scientific Meeting (Fall 2012). The next scientific meeting on October 2 to 5, 2012 will be held in Portland, ME. It is entitled 'The NADP Cooperative: State, Local and Tribal Perspectives' with a goal of increasing participation of state-level cooperators. Meeting information, registration, payment, and other details are now available, and registration is open (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/meetings/fall2012/a/). All are encouraged to attend. PARTICIPANTS: The NADP is National Research Support Project 3: A Long Term Monitoring Program in Support of Research on the Effects of Atmospheric Chemical Deposition. More than 250 sponsors support the NADP, including private companies and other nongovernmental organizations, universities, local and state government agencies, State Agricultural Experiment Stations, national laboratories, Native American organizations, Canadian government agencies, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture, under agreement no. 2008-39134-19508. TARGET AUDIENCES: The NADP provides fundamental measurements that support informed decisions on environmental and agricultural issues related to precipitation and deposition chemistry, as well as atmospheric mercury and ammonia. NADP data are relevant to a wide audience and available to all. Data from our monitoring effort is used by a wide range of scientists for a number of research topic areas (see publications). Our data is used by policymakers to make informed decisions on agriculturally-important topics. Our data is also used in many different education areas including chemical, agricultural, and environment science, is used at many different levels including elementary, secondary and post secondary, and is used for many different theses and dissertations (see publication record). All data are available free of charge via the NADP website (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu). PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
NADP's principal outcomes and impacts on the broader scientific and educational communities are reflected in the value and usefulness of our network and data. This is suggested by the download statistics, and the publications using our network and data (172 journal articles in 2011, abbreviated list attached). NADP's fifth network, the Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN) has agricultural scientists in mind. Ammonia is of great concern to agriculture and air pollution. AMoN currently operates 57 sites, and has approximately 10,500 observations of atmospheric ammonia. AMoN's cost efficient passive measurements can be used to estimate ammonia dry deposition (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/AMoN/). Since 2006, the NADP has converted its precipitation gages to an all digital network. In mid FY12, 82 percent of our sites were using and reporting digital precipitation data on 15 minute intervals. The Central Analytical Laboratory has begun to measure the concentration of bromide ion in all NADP samples as a routine analyte of the NTN and AIRMoN sites. Regular measurements will be released for the 2012 year. Bromide is important to agricultural users, given its fumigant usage. The USGS and NADP collaborated on tracking radionuclides wet deposition (131I, 134Cs, 137Cs) from the Japanese nuclear incident resulting from the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. Precipitation samples from the NTN, AIRMoN, and MDN were used during the project, and the resulting studies (Wetherbee et al., 2012) can be found through the NADP website. By using the existing infrastructure of the NADP's networks, important measurements were made that greatly added to the body of information causing the impact of this accident on the U.S. lands and population. At the Spring 2011 Meeting, the NADP committees voted to modify the maps from an earlier discrete contour map style to a new continuous color gradient map. The new maps are now available going back to 1994, and the older-style maps are also still available through 2010. These maps provide much more information to the depositional community by adding in adjustments for elevation and locations not measured. U.S. EPA scientists, with NADP, continued special studies to determine whether organic nitrogen deposition can be measured reliably and accurately. The results indicated that the measurements are reliable, and that organic N can be differentiated from the inorganic N in our samples. This will add much needed information to the understanding of N deposition patterns and sources. A new litterfall mercury monitoring initiative will measure mercury and methyl mercury in forest litterfall (leaves, twigs, etc.). These dry deposition estimates will compliment the MDN wet deposition mercury monitoring. Initiation of the trial is beginning in 2012. Analysis and field support will be provide through the USGS. Conferences: NADP was represented at the 'World Acid Rain Conference', Beijing China, and presented a paper on 15-year trends in precipitation chemistry. Also, NADP attended the 'Mercury 2011' meeting in Halifax Canada, a biannual global meeting where we had a booth, posters, and a special session from AMNet data.

Publications

  • Chen, L. and Dick, W.A. 2011. Gypsum as an Agricultural Amendment: General Use Guidelines, Ohio State University Extension Document, 36 pp.
  • Choi, H.-S. and Rom, C.R. 2011. Estimated nitrogen use efficiency, surplus, and partitioning in young apple trees grown in varied organic production systems. Scientia Horticulturae 129: 674-679.
  • Clair, T.A., Burns, D., Rosas Perez, I., Blais, J. and Percy, K. 2011. Chapter 6: Ecosystems. In: Technical Challenges of Multipollutant Air Quality Management. G.M. Hidy, et al. (eds.), Springer Science and Business Media, 553 pp., doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0304-9_10.
  • Clark, C.M. 2011. Chapter 11: Great Plains. In: Assessment of Nitrogen Deposition Effects and Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen for Ecoregions of the United States. Pardo, L.H., Robin-Abbott, M.J., Driscoll, C.T., eds., Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-80. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 291 pp.
  • Coburn, S., Dix, B., Sinreich, R. and Volkamer, R. 2011. Development and characterization of the CU ground MAX-DOAS instrument: Lowering RMS noise and first measurements of BrO, IO, and CHOCHO near Pensacola, FL. Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. 4: 247-284.
  • Committee on the Evaluation of Chesapeake Bay Program Implementation for Nutrient Reduction to Improve Water Quality, 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. The National Academy Press, Washington DC, ISBN 978-309-21079-9, 247 pp.
  • Compton, J.E. and Church, M.R. 2011. Salt additions alter short-term nitrogen and carbon mobilization in a coastal Oregon Andisol. J. Environ. Qual. 40: 1601-1606.
  • Compton, J.E., Harrison, et al. 2011. Ecosystem services altered by human changes in the nitrogen cycle: A new perspective for U.S. decision making. Ecology Letters 14: 804-815.
  • Cusack, D.F., Silver, W.L., Torn, M.S., Burton, S.D. and Firestone, M.K. 2011. Changes in microbial community characteristics and soil organic matter with nitrogen additions in two tropical forests. Ecology 92: 621-632.
  • Gilliam, F.S., Goodale, C.L., Pardo, L.H., Geiser, L.H. and Lilleskov, E.A. 2011. Chapter 10: Eastern temperate forests. In: Assessment of Nitrogen Deposition Effects and Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen for Ecoregions of the United States. Pardo, L.H., et al., eds., Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-80. Newtown Square, PA: USDA, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 291 pp.
  • Gratz, L.E. and Keeler, G.J. 2011. Sources of mercury in precipitation to Underhill, VT. Atmos. Environ. 45: 5440-5449.
  • Greaver, T.L., Liu, L. and Bobbink, R. 2011. Chapter 17: Wetlands. In: Assessment of Nitrogen Deposition Effects and Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen for Ecoregions of the United States. Pardo, L.H., et al., eds. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-80. Newtown Square, PA: USDA, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 291 pp.
  • Hansen, A.M. and Corzo Juarez, C. 2011. Evaluation of the pollution of hydrological river basins: Priorities and needs. In: Water Resources in Mexico, Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, Volume 7, Part 3, 201-215, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-05432-7_15.
  • Hendricks, G.S. and Shukla, S. 2011. Water and nitrogen management effects on water and nitrogen fluxes in Florida flatwoods. J. Environ. Qual. 40: 1844-1856.
  • Herndon, E.M., Jin, L. and Brantley, S.L. 2011. Soils reveal widespread manganese enrichment from industrial inputs. Environ. Sci. Tech. 45: 241-247.
  • Hidy, G.H., Brook, J.R. and Demerjian, K.L. 2011. Chapter 12 Past examples of multipollutant air quality: Management and accountability. In: Technical Challenges of Multipollutant Air Quality Management. G.M. Hidy, et al. (eds.), Springer Science+Business Media, 553 pp., doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0304-9_10.
  • Holland, A. and Sorkin, J. 2011. Air Quality Analysis Technical Support Document For the White River Oil and Gas Leasing Environmental Impact Statement In Support of Forest Service Contract AG-3187-C-06-0051, Modifications 0010 and 0024, ftp://ftp.air-resource.com/WhiteRiverNF/WRNF-TSDReport_070111.pdf.
  • Huang, W., Wang, K., Breidt, F.J. and Davis, R.A. 2011. A class of stochastic volatility models for environmental applications. J. Time Ser. Anal. 32: 364-377 doi:10.1111/j.1467-9892.2011.00735.x.
  • Inglett, P.W., Rivera-Monroy, V.H. and Wozniak, J.R. 2011. Biogeochemistry of nitrogen across the Everglades landscape. Critical Reviews in Environ. Sci. Tech. 41: 187-216.
  • Karouna-Reiner, N.K., Snyder, et al. 2011. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) as vectors of contaminants to human consumers in northwest Florida. Marine Environ. Res. 72: 96-104.
  • Kaushal, S.S., Groffman, P.M., Band, L.E., Elliott, E.M., Shields, C.A. and Kendall, C. 2011. Tracking nonpoint source nitrogen pollution in human-impacted watersheds. Environ. Sci. Tech. 45: 8225-8232, dx.doi.org/10.1021/es200779e.
  • Ketterings, Q., Miyamoto, C., Mathur, R.R., Dietzel, K. and Gami, S. 2011. A comparison of soil sulfur extraction methods. Soil Science Soc. America 75: 1578-1583, doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0407.
  • Knapp, K.R., Ansari, S., et al. 2011. Globally gridded satellite observations for climate studies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 92: 893-907.
  • Johnson, D.R., Ebert-May, D., Webber, P.J. and Tweedie, C.E., 2011. Forecasting alpine vegetation change using repeat Sampling and a novel modeling approach. AMBIO 40: 693-704.
  • Jones, R.O. and Chapman, S.K., 2011. The roles of biotic resistance and nitrogen deposition in regulating non-native understory plant diversity. Plant Soil 345: 257-269, doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0778-y.
  • Leibensperger, E.M., Mickley, et al. 2011. Climatic effects of 1950-2050 changes in U.S. anthropogenic aerosols - Part 1: Aerosol trends and radiative forcing. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 11: 24085-24125, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-24085-2011.
  • Lin, J. and Li, J., 2011. Nutrient response modeling in falls of the Neuse Reservoir. Environ. Man. 47: 398-409, doi:10.1007/s00267-011-9617-4.
  • Liu, J., Vogelmann, et al. 2011. Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000. Ecological Modeling 222: 2333-2341.
  • Lottig, N.R., Stanley, E.H., Hanson, P.C. and Kratz, T.K. 2011. Comparison of regional stream and lake chemistry: Differences, similarities, and potential drivers. Limnol. Oceanogr., 56: 1551-1562, doi:10.4319/lo.2011.56.5.1551.
  • Lucas, R.W., Klaminder, J., Futter, et al. 2011. A meta-analysis of the effects of nitrogen additions on base cations: Implications for plants, soils, and streams. Forest Ecology and Man. 262: 95-104.
  • Luo, C.L., Wang, Y., Mueller, S. and Knipping, E. 2011. Diagnosis of an underestimation of summertime sulfate using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Atmos. Environ. 45: 5119-5130.
  • Lobdell, D.T., Jagai, J.S., Rappazzo, K. and Messer, L.C. 2011. Data sources for an environmental quality index: Availability, quality, and utility. Am. J. Public Health. 101: S277-S285, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300184.
  • Lombard, M.A.S., Bryce, J.G., Mao, H. and Talbot, R. 2011. Mercury deposition in southern New Hampshire, 2006 to 2009. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 11: 4569-4598, www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/4569/2011/.
  • Long, R.P., Horsley, S.B. and Hall, T.J. 2011. Long-term impact of liming on growth and vigor of northern hardwoods. Can. J. For. Res. 41: 1295-1307, doi:10.1139/X11-049.
  • Malapati, A., Bronson, K.F., Booker, J.D., Hudnall, W.H. and Schubert, A.M. 2011. Soil profile sulfate in irrigated southern high plains cotton fields and Ogallala groundwater. J. Soil and Water Conservation 66: 287-294, doi:10.2489/jswc.66.5.287.
  • Perakis, S.S., Geiser, L.H. and Lilleskov, E.A. 2011. Chapter 9: Marine West Coast forests. In: Assessment of Nitrogen Deposition Effects and Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen for Ecoregions of the United States. Pardo, L.H., et al. eds., Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-80. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Ag., Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 291 pp.
  • Perakis, S.S. and Sinkhorn, E.R., 2011. Biogeochemistry of a temperate forest nitrogen gradient. Ecology 92: 1481-1491.
  • Perakis, S.S., Sinkhorn, E.R. and Compton, J.E. 2011. d15N constraints on long-term nitrogen balances in temperate forests. Oecologia 167: 793-807, doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2016-y.
  • Pongprueksa, P., Lin, C.J., Singhasuk, P., Pan, L., Ho, T.C. and Chu, H.W. 2011. Application of CMAQ at a hemispheric scale for atmospheric mercury simulations. Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss. 4: 1723-1754, doi:10.5194/gmdd-4-1723-2011.
  • Preston, S.D., Alexander, R.B., Schwarz, G.E. and Crawford, C.G., 2011. Factors affecting stream nutrient loads: A synthesis of regional SPARROW model results for the Continental United States. J. American Water Resour. Assoc. 47: 891-915. doi:10.1111 ⁄ j.1752-1688.2011.00577.x.
  • Obrist, D., Johnson, D.W., et al. 2011. Mercury distribution across 14 U.S. forests. Part I: Spatial patterns of concentrations in biomass, litter, and soils. Environ. Sci. Tech. 45: 3974-3981, dx.doi.org/10.1021/es104384m.
  • Orem, W., Gilmour, C., et al. 2011. Sulfur in the South Florida ecosystem: Distribution, sources, biogeochemistry, impacts, and management for restoration. Critical Reviews in Environ. Sci. Tech. 41 (S1): 249-288.
  • Palaniswami, S., Jenicke, et al. 2011. The role of UN Environment Programme and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in global supply chain networks performance. Int. J. Logistics Systems and Man. 10: 53-69, doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2011.042052.
  • Puchalski, M., Sather, M.E., Walker, J.T., Mathew, J., Robarge, W.P., Lehmann, C. and Gay, D.A. 2011. Passive ammonia monitoring in the United States: Comparing three different sampling devices. Environ. Mon. 13: 3156-3167, doi:10.1039/C1EM10553A.
  • Rebich, R.A., Houston, N.A., Mize, S.V., Pearson, D.K., Ging, P.B. and Hornig, C.E. 2011. Sources and delivery of nutrients to the northwestern Gulf of Mexico from streams in the south-central United States. J. American Water Resour. Assoc. 47: 1061-1086, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00583.x.
  • Riscassi, A.L., Hokanson, K.J. and Scanlon, T.M. 2011. Streamwater particulate mercury and suspended sediment dynamics in a forested headwater catchment. Water Air Soil Poll. 220: 23-36, doi:10.1007/s11270-010-0731-3.
  • Riva-Murray, K., Chasar, L.C., et al. 2011. Spatial patterns of mercury in macroinvertebrates and fishes from streams of two contrasting forested landscapes in the eastern United States. Ecotoxicology 20: 1530-1542, doi:10.1007/s10646-011-0719-9.
  • Shanley, J.B., McDowell, W.H. and Stallard, R.F. 2011. Long‐term patterns and short‐term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed. Water Resour. Res. 47: W07515.
  • Shih, R., Robertson, W.D., Schiff, S.L. and Rudolph, D.L. 2011. Nitrate controls methyl mercury production in a streambed bioreactor. J. Environ. Qual. 40: 1586-1592.
  • Singer, J.W., Malone, R.W., Jaynes, D.B. and Ma, L. 2011. Cover crop effects on nitrogen load in tile drainage from Walnut Creek Iowa using root zone water quality (RZWQ) model. Agricultural Water Man. 98: 1622-1628.
  • Slemr, F., Grunke, E.-G., Ebinghaus, R. and Kuss, J. 2011. Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1995. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11: 4779-4787.
  • Stackpoole, S.M., Kosola, K.R., et al. 2011. Looking beyond fertilizer: Assessing the contribution of nitrogen from hydrologic inputs and organic matter to plant growth in the cranberry agroecosystem. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 91: 41-54.
  • Stoleson, S.H., King, D.L. and Tomosy, M. 2011. Avian research on U.S. Forest Service experimental forests and ranges: Emergent themes, opportunities, and challenges. Forest Ecology and Man. 262: 49-52.
  • Sullivan, T.J., Cosby, B.J. and Jackson, W.A. 2011. Target loads of atmospheric sulfur deposition for the protection and recovery of acid-sensitive streams in the Southern Blue Ridge Province. J. Environ. Man. 92: 2953-2960.
  • Sullivan, T.J., Cosby, B.J., Jackson, W.A., Snyder, K.U. Herlihy, A.T. 2011. Acidification and prognosis for future recovery of acid-sensitive streams in the southern Blue Ridge province. Water Air Soil Poll. 219: 11-26.
  • Szilagyi, J., Zlotnik, V.A., Gates, J.B. and Jozsa, J. 2011. Mapping mean annual groundwater recharge in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA. Hydrogeology J. 19: 1503-1513.
  • Talhelm, A.F., Pregitzer, K.S., Burton, A.J. and Zak, D.R. 2011. Air pollution and the changing biogeochemistry of northern forests. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2011. doi:10.1890/110007.
  • Templer, P.H. and Weathers, K.C. 2011. Use of mixed ion exchange resin and the denitrifier method to determine isotopic values of nitrate in atmospheric deposition and canopy throughfall. Atmos. Environ. 45: 2017-2020.
  • Trettin, C.C., Jurgensen, M.F., Gale, M.R. and McLaughlin, J.W. 2011. Recovery of carbon and nutrient pools in a northern forested wetland 11 years after harvesting and site preparation. Forest Ecology and Man. 262: 1826-1833.
  • Weathers, K.C. and Ponette-Gonzalez, A.G. 2011. Chapter 17: Atmospheric Deposition. In: Comparisons of Watershed Sulfur Budgets in Southeast Canada and Northeast US: New Approaches and Implications. By M.J. Mitchell, G. Lovett, S. Bailey, F. Beall and D. Burns, et al., 181-207.
  • Welch, H.L., Green, C.T. and Coupe, R.H. 2011. The fate and transport of nitrate in shallow groundwater in northwestern Mississippi, USA. Hydrogeology J. 19: 1239-1252.
  • Aishlin, P. and McNamara, J.P. 2011. Bedrock infiltration and mountain block recharge accounting using chloride mass balance. Hydrological J. 25:1934-1948.
  • Aitkenhead-Peterson, J.A., Dvorak, B.D., Volder, A. and Stanley, N.C. 2011. Chemistry of growth medium and leachate from green roof systems in south-central Texas. Urban Ecosyst. 14: 17-33, doi:10.1007/s11252-010-0137-4.
  • Allen, D.J., Pickering, K.E., et al. 2011. Impact of lightning-NO on eastern United States photochemistry during the summer of 2006 as determined using the CMAQ model. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 11: 17699-17757.
  • Allen, R., Myles, L. and Heuer, M.W. 2011. Ambient ammonia in terrestrial ecosystems: A comparative study in the Tennessee Valley, USA. Science of the Total Environ. 409: 2768-2772.
  • Amos, H.M., Jacob, D.J., et al. 2011. Gas-particle partitioning of atmospheric Hg(II) and its effect on global mercury deposition. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 11: 29441-29477.
  • Appel, K.W., Foley, K.M., Bash, J.O., Pinder, R.W., Dennis, R.L., Allen, D.J. and Pickering, K. 2011. A multi-resolution assessment of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model v4.7 wet deposition estimates for 2002-2006. Geosci. Model Dev. 4: 357-371, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-357-2011.
  • Appel, K.W., Gilliam, R.C., Davis, N., Zubrow, A. and Howard, S.C. 2011. Overview of the atmospheric model evaluation tool (AMET) v1.1 for evaluating meteorological and air quality models. Environ. Modelling and Software 26: 4340-4443.
  • Avila-Segura, M., Barak, P., Jedtcke, J.L. and Posner, J.L. 2011. Nutrient and alkalinity removal by corn grain, stover and cob harvest in Upper Midwest USA. Biomass and Bioenergy 35: 1190-1195.
  • Baron, J.S., Driscoll, C.T., Stoddard, J.L. and Richer, E.E. 2011. Empirical critical loads of atmospheric nitrogen deposition for nutrient enrichment and acidification of sensitive U.S. lakes. BioScience 61:602-613.
  • Belovsky, G.E., Stephens, D., et al. 2011. The Great Salt Lake ecosystem (Utah, USA): Long-term data and a structural equation approach. Ecosphere 2(33), 44pp.
  • Benson, L.V. 2011. Factors controlling pre-Columbian and early historic maize productivity in the American Southwest, Part 1: The Southern Colorado Plateau and Rio Grande Regions. J. Arch. Method Theory 18: 1-60, doi:10.1007/s10816-010-9082-z.
  • Brown, S.G., Lee, T., Norris, G.A., Roberts, P.T., Collett, Jr., J.L., Paatero, P. and Worsnop, D.R. 2011. Receptor modeling of near-roadway aerosol mass spectrometer data in Las Vegas, Nevada, with EPA PMF. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 11: 22909-22950.
  • Chalmers, A., Argue, D., Gay, D.A., Brigham, M., Lorenz, D, Schmitt, C., 2011. Mercury trends in fish tissue from streams and lakes in the United States, 1969 to 2005. Environ. Mon. and Assess. 175: 175-191.
  • Chan, C., Heinbokel, J.F., Myers, J.A. and Jacobsk, R.R. 2011. Development and evaluation of a dynamic model that projects population biomarkers of methylmercury exposure from local fish consumption. Integrated Environ. Assess. and Man. 7: 624 to 635.
  • DeForest, J.L. and McCarthy, B.C. 2011. Diminished soil quality in an old-growth, mixed mesophytic forest following chronic acid deposition. Northeastern Naturalist 18: 177-184. http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1656/045.018.0204.
  • Dietze, M.C. and Moorcroft, P.R., 2011. Tree mortality in the eastern and central United States: Patterns and drivers. Global Change Biology 17: 3312-3326, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02477.x.
  • Drenner, R.W., Chumchal, M.W., Wente, S.P., McGuire, M. and Drenner, S.M. 2011. Landscape-level patterns of mercury contamination of fish in North Texas, USA. Environ. Tox. Chem. 30: 2041-2045.
  • Du, S. and Rodenburg, L.A., 2011. Chapter 6: Measurement and modeling of semivolatile organic compounds in local atmospheres. In: Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Anthropogenic Organic Compounds in Environmental Systems. Xing, B., et al. (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN-13: 9780470539637.
  • Eller, A.S.D., McGuire, K.L. and Sparks, J.P., 2011. Responses of sugar maple and hemlock seedlings to elevated carbon dioxide under altered above- and belowground nitrogen sources. Tree Physiol. 31: 391-401, doi:10.1093/treephys/tpr014.
  • Epstein, D.M. 2011. 15N Tracer and modeling analyses of nutrient transport through lakes in a subalpine watershed. Masters Thesis, Watershed Sciences Dept., Utah State Univ., 107 pp.
  • Fain, X., Obrist, D., Pierce, A., Barth, C., Gustin, M.S. and Boyle, D.P. 2011. Whole-watershed mercury balance at Sagehen Creek, Sierra Nevada, CA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75: 2379-2392.
  • Fan, Y-C. 2011. Temporal and spatial distribution of mercury and heavy metals in wet deposition in Taiwan. Masters Thesis, National Central University, Taiwan.
  • Faulkner, J.W., Zhang, W., Geohring, L.D. and Steenhuis, T.S. 2011. Tracer movement through paired vegetative treatment areas receiving silage bunker runoff. Soil Water Conservation 66: 18-28.
  • Finlay, J.C., Hood, J.M., Limm, M.P., Power, M.E., Schade, J.D. and Welter, J.R. 2011. Light-mediated thresholds in stream-water nutrient composition in a river network. Ecology 92: 140-150.
  • Fisher, J.A., Jacob, D.J., et al. 2011. Sources, distribution, and acidity of sulfate ammonium aerosol in the Arctic in winter-spring. Atmos. Environ. 45: 7301-7318.
  • Flechard, C.R., Nemitz, E., et al. 2011. Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen to European ecosystems: A comparison of inferential models across the NitroEurope network. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11: 2703-2728, doi:10.5194/acp-11-2703-2011.
  • Fortner, S.K., Lyons, W.B., Carey, A.E., Shipitalo, M.J., Welch, S.A. and Welch, K.A. 2011. Silicate weathering and CO2 consumption within agricultural landscapes, the Ohio-Tennessee River Basin, USA. Biogeosciences Discuss. 8: 9431-9469, doi:10.5194/bgd-8-9431-2011.
  • Furl, C.V. and Meredith, C.A. 2011. Mercury accumulation in sediment cores from three Washington State lakes: Evidence for local deposition from a coal-fired power plant. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 60: 26-33, doi:10.1007/s00244-010-9530-5.
  • Gardner, K.K., McGlynn, B.L. and Marshall, L.A. 2011. Quantifying watershed sensitivity to spatially variable N loading and the relative importance of watershed N retention mechanisms. Water Resour. Res. 47: W08524.
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  • Isard, S.A., Barnes, C.W., Hambleton, S., Ariatti, A., Russo, J.M., Tenuta, A., Gay, D.A. and Szabo, L.J. 2011. Predicting soybean rust incursions into the North American continental interior using crop monitoring, spore trapping, and aerobiological modeling. Plant Dis. 95: 1346-1357.
  • Isidoro, D. and Grattan, S.R. 2011. Predicting soil salinity in response to different irrigation practices, soil types and rainfall scenarios. Irrigation Sci. 29: 197-211.
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  • Jin, L., Andrews, D.M., Holmes, G.H., Lin, H. and Brantley, S.L. 2011. Opening the black box: Water chemistry reveals hydrological controls on weathering in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. Vadose Zone J. 10: 928-942.
  • Mast, M.A., Turk, J.T., Clow, D.W. and Campbell, D.H. 2011. Response of lake chemistry to changes in atmospheric deposition and climate in three high-elevation wilderness areas of Colorado. Biogeochemistry 103: 27-43, doi:10.1007/s10533-010-9443-4.
  • McLauchlan, K.K. and Craine, J.M. 2011. Species-specific trajectories of nitrogen isotopes in Indiana hardwood forests, USA. Biogeosciences Discuss. 8: 5935-5954, doi:10.5194/bgd-8-5935-2011.
  • Miller, M.B., Gustin, M.S. and Eckley, C.S. 2011. Measurement and scaling of air-surface mercury exchange from substrates in the vicinity of two Nevada gold mines. Science of the Total Environ. 409: 3879-3886.
  • Mitchell, M.J., Lovett, G., et al. 2011. Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast U.S.: New approaches and implications. Biogeochemistry 103: 181-207.
  • Money, E.S., Sackett, D.K., Aday, D.D. and Serre, M.L. 2011. Using river distance and existing hydrography data can improve the geostatistical estimation of fish tissue mercury at unsampled locations. Environ. Sci. Tech. 45: 7746-7753, dx.doi.org/10.1021/es2003827.
  • Monson, B.A., Staples, D.F., et al. 2011. Spatiotemporal trends of mercury in walleye and largemouth bass from the Laurentian Great Lakes Region. Ecotoxicology 20: 1555-1567, doi:10.1007/s10646-011-0715-0.
  • Montgomery, C.W. 2011. Environmental Geology. McGraw-Hill Publishing, New York, NY, 542 pp.
  • Moore, C.W. 2011. Factors influencing surface atmosphere exchange of gaseous elemental mercury in Western Maryland. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation, Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 128 pp.
  • Moore, R.B., Johnston, C.M., Smith, R.A. and Milstead, B. 2011. Source and delivery of nutrients to receiving waters in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. J. American Water Resour. Assoc. 47: 965-990, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00582.x.
  • Morton, J.L. 2011. Evaluating the role of mercury chemistry in the community multiscale air quality model. Masterʼs Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 164 pp.
  • Naftz, D.L., Schuster, P.F. and Johnson, C.A. 2011. A 50-year record of NOx and SO2 sources in precipitation in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Geochemical Transactions 12: 10 pp., doi:10.1186/1467-4866-12-4.
  • Naik, A.P. and Hammerschmidt, C.R. 2011. Mercury and trace metal partitioning and fluxes in suburban Southwest Ohio watersheds. Water Res. 45: 5151-5160.
  • Nasr, M. and Arp, P.A. 2011. Hg concentrations and accumulations in fungal fruiting bodies, as influenced by forest soil substrates and moss carpets. Applied Geochemistry 26: 1905-1917.
  • Norton, S.A., Perry, R.H., et al. 2011. The controls on phosphorus availability in a boreal lake ecosystem since deglaciation. J. Paleolimnol. 46: 107-122, doi:10.1007/s10933-011-9526-9.
  • Pardo, L.H., Lilleskov, E.A., Geiser, L.H. and Robin-Abbott, M.J. 2011. Chapter 4: Methods. In: Assessment of Nitrogen Deposition Effects and Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen for Ecoregions of the United States. Pardo, L.H., Robin-Abbott, M.J. and Driscoll, C.T., eds., Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-80. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 291 pp.
  • Parrish, D.D., Singh, H.B., Molinac, L. and Madronich, S. 2011. Air quality progress in North American megacities: A review. Atmos. Environ. 45: 7015-7025.
  • Peckham, S.D. and Gower, S.T. 2011. Simulated long-term effects of harvest and biomass residue removal on soil carbon and nitrogen content and productivity for two Upper Great Lakes forest ecosystems. GCB Bioenergy 3: 135-147, doi:10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01067.x.
  • Robertson, D.M. and Saad, D.A. 2011. Nutrient inputs to the Laurentian Great Lakes by source and watershed estimated using SPARROW watershed models. J. American Water Resour. Assoc. 47: 1011-1033.
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  • Rossignol, K.L., Paerl, H.W., Fear, J.M. and Braddy, J.S. 2011. Nutrients in precipitation and the phytoplankton responses to enrichment in surface waters of the Albemarle Peninsula, NC, USA after the establishment of a large-scale chicken egg farm. Hydrobiologia 671: 181-191.
  • Rumbold, D.G., Evans, D.W., et al. 2011. Source identification of Florida Bays methylmercury problem: Mainland runoff versus atmospheric deposition and In situ production. Estuaries and Coasts 34: 494-513.
  • Sarkar, S., Miller, S.A., Frederick, J.R. and Chamberlain, J.F. 2011. Modeling nitrogen loss from switchgrass agricultural systems. Biomass and Bioenergy 35: 4381-4389.
  • Saros, J.E., Clow, D.W., Blett, T. and Wolfe, A.P. 2011. Critical nitrogen deposition loads in high-elevation lakes of the western U.S. inferred from paleolimnological records. Water Air Soil Poll. 216: 193-202.
  • Scanlon, B.R., Reedy, R.C., Gates, J.B. and Gowda, P.H. 2010. Impact of agroecosystems on groundwater resources in the Central High Plains, USA. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environ. 139: 700-713.
  • Schaberg, P.G., Lazarus, B.E., et al. 2011. Assessment of weather-associated causes of red spruce winter injury and consequences to aboveground carbon sequestration. Can. J. For. Res. 41: 359-369, doi:10.1139/X10-202.
  • Scheffe, R.D., Brook, J.R. and Demerjian, K.L. 2011. Chapter 10 Air quality measurements. In: Technical Challenges of Multipollutant Air Quality Management. G.M. Hidy, etc. (eds.), Springer Science and Business Media, 553 pp., doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0304-9_10.
  • Schmeltz, D., Evers, D., et al. 2011. MercNet: A national monitoring network to assess responses to changing mercury emissions in the United States. Environ. Tox. 20: 1713-1725, doi:10.1007/s10646-011-0756-4.
  • Schmitt, C.J., Stricker, C.A. and Brumbaugh, W.G. 2011. Mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnifications in Ozark stream ecosystems. Ecotoxicology Environ. Safety 74: 2215-2224.
  • Seabloom, E.W., Denfield, C.D., Borer, E.T., Stanley, A.G., Kaye, T.N. and Dunwiddie, P.W. 2011. Provenance, life span, and phylogeny do not affect grass species responses to nitrogen and phosphorus. Ecological Applications 21: 2129-2142.
  • Seigneur, C. and Dennis, R. 2011. Chapter 9: Atmospheric modeling. In: Technical Challenges of Multipollutant Air Quality Management. G.M. Hidy, et al. (eds.), Springer Science and Business Media, 553 pp., doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0304-9_10.
  • Shaftel, R.S., King, R.S. and Back, J.A. 2011. Breakdown rates, nutrient concentrations, and macroinvertebrate colonization of bluejoint grass litter in headwater streams of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. J. North American Benthological Soc. 30: 386-398, doi:10.1899/10-086.1.
  • Wesner, J.S., Cornelison, J.W., et al. 2011. Growth, pH tolerance, survival, and diet of introduced northern-strain and native southern-strain Appalachian brook trout. Trans. American Fisheries Soc. 140: 37-44, dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.545022.
  • Wetherbee, G.A., Latysh, N.E., Lehmann, C.M.B. and Rhodes, M.F. 2011. Four Studies on Effects of Environmental Factors on the Quality of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Measurements. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1170, 36 p.
  • Willey, J.D., Glinski, D.A., Southwell, M., Long, M.S., Avery Jr., G.B. and Kieber, R.J. 2011. Decadal variations of rainwater formic and acetic acid concentrations in Wilmington, NC, USA. Atmos. Environ. 45: 1010-1014.
  • Williams, M.W., Barnes, R.T., Parman, J.N., Freppaz, M. and Hood, E. 2011. Stream water chemistry along an elevational gradient from the Continental Divide to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Vadose Zone J. 10: 900-914.
  • Wise, D.R. and Johnson, H.M. 2011. Surface-water nutrient conditions and sources in the United States Pacific Northwest. J. American Water Resour. Assoc. 47: 1110-1135.
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  • Yee, D., McKee, L.J. and Oram, J.J. 2011. A regional mass balance of methylmercury in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Environ. Tox. and Chem. 30: 88-96.
  • Yu, W.T., Jiang, C.M., Ma, Q., Xu, Y.G., Zou, H. Zhang, S.C. 2011. Observation of the nitrogen deposition in the lower Liaohe River Plain, Northeast China and assessing its ecological risk. Atmos. Res. 101: 460-468.


Progress 09/01/10 to 08/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Our principal output is the collection and analysis of precipitation chemistry samples. Briefly, the NADP processed a total of 13,058 weekly samples from the 250-site NTN (12,814 samples and 244 quality assurance (QA) samples). These were observations of 10 analytes and precipitation volume, which allow for analyte-specific deposition fluxes. These were collected daily (i.e., every day with measurable precipitation) from the 7-site AIRMoN network. For this time period, AIRMoN collected and processed 1,163 samples (113 QA). The 106-site MDN collected and processed 5,762 (131 QA) weekly mercury-in-precipitation samples. The Ammonia Monitoring Network (currently 52 sites) collected and quality assured 1,408 ammonia samples during the year. The Atmospheric Mercury Network (22 sites) has now quality assured and produced over 39,000 valid hourly and 2-hourly atmospheric mercury averages. Continuous modeling of dry deposition fluxes is being planned. Our second most important output is making this data available to all for continued research. Scientists, policymakers, educators, students, and others are encouraged to access data at no charge from the NADP (nadp.isws.illinois.edu). This site offers online retrieval of individual data points, seasonal and annual averages, trends, concentration and deposition maps, reports, and other information. Data for the 2010 calendar year are complete and online, with data through March of 2011 available shortly. Internet disbursement of data continues to be the primary route of data sharing. Downloads exceeded 27,000 in 12 months. Web statistics show that we are reaching our expected audience: federal and state agencies (app. 30%), universities (30%), K-to-12 schools (20%), and others. During FY10, annual maps of atmospheric pollutants, concentrations, and depositions were developed for 2009 measurements and made public (Sept 2010). These maps constitute one major network product (nadp.isws.illinois.edu/data/annualiso.aspx). Individual maps are compiled into annual Map Summary reports and distributed. Currently, the 2010 maps are being finalized, with the summaries completed about September 15th, 2011. Summaries are freely available. Every year, a scientific meeting is held that showcases some of the latest deposition research. In October the meeting focused on "Networking the Networks", with a goal of network collaboration. The meeting attracted 152 participants with 3 keynote speakers, 6 speaking sessions and 40 posters. Sessions included "Soil Networks", and other sessions detailing biological, atmospheric, and hydrologic monitoring networks. All presentations, posters, and proceedings are available (nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/meetings/fall2010/post/default.asp). The next scientific meeting will be held in October and is entitled "NADP at the Nexus: Cross System Connections." PARTICIPANTS: The NADP is National Research Support Project-3: A Long-Term Monitoring Program in Support of Research on the Effects of Atmospheric Chemical Deposition. More than 250 sponsors support the NADP, including private companies and other nongovernmental organizations, universities, local and state government agencies, State Agricultural Experiment Stations, national laboratories, Native American organizations, Canadian government agencies, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Service, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture - National Institute of Food and Agriculture, under agreement no. 2008-39134-19508. TARGET AUDIENCES: Members of our target audience include federal and state agencies, universities, K-to-12 schools, and others. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
NADP's principal outcomes and impacts on the broader scientific and educational communities are reflected in the value and usefulness of our network and data. This is suggested by the Internet download statistics, publications using our network and data, etc. NADP has begun its fifth network with agricultural scientists in mind; the Ammonia Monitoring Network. Ammonia is causing great concern among scientists studying agriculture and air pollution. The network is currently operating with 52 sites and a large inventory of atmospheric measurements. The low cost passive measurements are intended for calculating ammonia dry deposition. (nadpweb.isws.illinois.edu/nh3net/). The NADP continues to convert our precipitation gages to an all digital network, originating with a 2006 membership decision. Currently, the network is well on its way to completing this goal. In mid FY 2011, 65 percent of our sites were using and reporting digital precipitation data (15 minute observations), and our largest site funder (USGS, with 70+ sites) will install their gages this summer. The network will then be more than 80% digital. Collaboration continues (since 2005) with the USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory (CDL) to measure soybean rust spores (SBR) in NTN samples. Phakopsora pachyrhizi spreads through the aerial release and dispersal of spores. These airborne spores can be scavenged in rain. During the 2010 growing season, NADP again partnered with the CDL to look for SBR spores in NTN samples (5th year). With support from the Agricultural Research Service, weekly samples from 80 eastern U.S. NTN sites were selected and are undergoing study. Additionally, a new wheat rust investigation, also with CDL, began in November 2010 and continues. This initiative samples at 44 Southern U.S. sites for several strains of winter wheat rust. Results should be available soon. Currently, an investigation is ongoing with a summer intern to determine our ability to locate soybean fields with remote sensing, and further to locate soybean rust with any accuracy. If this research is successful, a full report will be forthcoming. This project demonstrates the applicability of the NADP sample network. The CAL measured the concentration of bromide ions in NADP samples as part of a special study with the U.S. Geological Survey. Bromide will now be added as a normal analyte for the laboratory and reported regularly. Bromide is important to agricultural users, given its fumigant usage. Methyl bromide is classified as an ozone-depleting substance, and its use is strictly regulated. Further, an independent committee conducted an external review of the NADP's Program Office management practices during the summer of 2010. Reports of the review were provided at the Fall Meeting 2010 with a formal response and questions provided to the Executive Committee (Pensacola, May 2011). The NRSP-3 program continues to enhanced our website to better serve our members and data users. The NADP continues to cooperate with textbook producers, providing specific data and mapping products to support education and outreach.

Publications

  • Geiser, L.H., Jovan, S.E., Glavich, D.A., and Porter, M.K. 2010. Lichen based critical loads for atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Western Oregon and Washington Forests, USA. Environmental Pollution 158(7): 2412 to 2421, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.04.001.
  • Grenon, J., Svalberg, T., Porwoll, T., and Story, M. 2010. Lake and Bulk Sampling Chemistry, NADP, and IMPROVE Air Quality Data Analysis on the Bridger Teton National Forest (USFS Region 4). Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS GTR 248WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 44 pp.
  • Gustin, M. and Jaffe, D. 2010. Reducing the uncertainty in measurement and understanding of mercury in the atmosphere. Environmental Science & Technology 44(7): 2222 to 2227.
  • Hill, B.H., Elonen, C.M., Jicha, T.M., Bolgrien, D.W., and Moffett, M.F. 2010. Sediment microbial enzyme activity as an indicator of nutrient limitation in the great rivers of the Upper Mississippi River basin. Biogeochemistry 97(2 3): 195 to 209, doi: 10.1007/s10533 009 9366 0.
  • Hill, J. Jaron, Chumchal, M.M., Drenner, R.W., Pinder, J.E., and Drenner, S.M. 2010. Use of preserved museum fish to evaluate historical and current mercury contamination in fish from two rivers in Oklahoma, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 161(1 4): 509 to 516, doi: 10.1007/s10661 009 0764 5.
  • Hirmas, D.R., Amrhein, C., and Graham, R.C. 2010. Spatial and process based modeling of soil inorganic carbon storage in an arid piedmont. Geoderma 154: 486 to 494, doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.005.
  • International Maritime Organization Marine Environment Protection Committee. 2010. Designation of an Emission Control Area for Nitrogen Oxides, Sulphur Oxides and Particulate Matter. Interpretations of and Amendments to MARPOL and Related Instruments (61st Session, Agenda Item 7, (MEPC 61/INF.9, 25 June, 2010), 57 pp.
  • Jardine, T.D. and Bunn, S.E. 2010. Northern Australia, whither the mercury? Marine and Freshwater Research 61(4): 451 to 463, doi:10.1071/MF09126.
  • Jin, L., Siegel, D.I., Lautz, L.K., Mitchell, M.J., Dahms, D.E., and Mayer, B. 2010. Calcite precipitation driven by the common ion effect during groundwater surface water mixing: A potentially common process in streams with geologic settings containing gypsum. Geological Society of America Bulletin 122(7 8): 1027 to 1038, doi: 10.1130/B30011.1.
  • Jonson, J.E., Travnikov, O. (eds.) 2010. Joint MSC W/MSC E Report EMEP/MSC W Technical Report 1/2010: Development of the EMEP global modeling framework: Progress report. http://emep.int/publ/reports/2010/emep_technical_1_2010.pdf.
  • Kelly, C.N. 2010. Carbon and nitrogen cycling in watersheds of contrasting vegetation types in the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. Dissertation submitted for partial fulfillment of the Doctor of Philosophy degree, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
  • Kendall, C., Young, M.B., and Silva, S.R. 2010. Applications of stable isotopes for regional to national scale water quality and environmental monitoring programs. Chapter 5 in Isoscapes: Understanding movement, pattern, and process on earth through isotope mapping, J.B. West et al. (eds.), doi 10.1007/978 90 481 3354 3_5.
  • Huijnen, V., Williams, J.E., van Weele, M., van Noije, T.P.C., Krol, M.C., Dentener, F., Segers, A., Houweling, S., Peters, W., de Laat, A.T.J., Boersma, K.F., Bergamaschi, P., van Velthoven, P.F.J., Le Sager, P., Eskes, H.J., Alkemade, F., Scheele, M.P., N ed elec, P., and P atz, H. W. 2010. The global chemistry transport model TM5: Description and evaluation of the tropospheric chemistry version 3.0. Geosciences Model Development Discussion 3: 1009 to 1087, www.geosci model dev discuss.net/3/1009/2010/, doi:10.5194/gmdd 3 1009 2010.
  • King County. 2010. Initial Assessment of Nutrient Loading to Quartermaster Harbor. Prepared by Curtis DeGasperi, Water and Land Recourses Division, Seattle Washington.
  • Kolka, R.K., Giardina, C.P., McClure, J.D., Mayer, A., and Jurgensen, M.F. 2010. Partitioning hydrologic contributions to an old growth riparian area in the Huron Mountains of Michigan, USA. Ecohydrology 3: 315 to 324, doi: 10.1002/eco.112.
  • Lyman, S.N., Gustin, M.S., and Prestbo, E.M. 2010. A passive sampler for ambient gaseous oxidized mercury concentrations. Atmospheric Environment 44: 246 to 252.
  • Maryland, State of. 2010. Total Maximum Daily Load of Mercury for Watersheds Draining to Millington Wildlife Management Area Ponds. Maryland, Department of Environment, Baltimore, MD 21230, http://www.mde.state.md.us/assets/document/Millington_WMA_Hg_081910_P Cdraft.pdf.
  • Maryland, State of. 2010. Watershed Report for Biological Impairment of the Deep Creek Lake Watershed in Garrett County, Maryland: Biological Stressor Identification Analysis Results and Interpretation. Department of the Environment, July 2010, 28pp.
  • Mast, A.M., Manthorne, D.J., and Roth, D.A. 2010. Historical deposition of mercury and selected trace elements to high elevation National Parks in the Western U.S. inferred from lake sediment cores. Atmospheric Environment 44: 2577 to 2586.
  • McLauchlan, K.K., Ferguson, C.J., Wilson, I.E., Ocheltree, T.W., and Craine, J.M. 2010. Thirteen decades of foliar isotopes indicate declining nitrogen availability in central North American grasslands. New Phytologist Special Issue 187(4): 1135 to 1145, doi: 10.1111/j.1469 8137.2010.03322.x.
  • McMahon, S.M., Parker, G.G., and Miller, D.R. 2010. Evidence for a recent increase in forest growth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(8): 3611 to 3615, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0912376107.
  • Moravec, B.G., Keller, C.K., Smith, J.L., Allen King, R.M., Goodwin, A.J., Fairley, J.P., and Larson, P.B. 2010. Oxygen 18 dynamics in precipitation and streamflow in a semi arid agricultural watershed, Eastern Washington, USA. Hydrologic Processes 24: 446 to 460.
  • National Park Service, Air Resources Division. 2010. Air Quality in National Parks: 2009 Annual Performance and Progress Report. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/ARD/NRR 2010/266. National Park Service, Denver, Colorado.
  • National Park Service, Environmental Protection Agency, and Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. 2010. Rocky Mountain National Park Initiative Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Contingency Plan. http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/ap/rmnp/RMNPContingencyPlanFinal.pdf
  • National Park Service. 2010. Final Environmental Impact Statement: Jackson Hole Airport Agreement Extension, Grand Teton National Park. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
  • Navratil, T., Norton, S.A., Fernandez, I.J., and Nelson, S.J. 2010. Twenty year inter annual trends and seasonal variations in precipitation and stream water chemistry at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, online publication, 23 pp., doi: 10.1007/s10661 010 1527 z.
  • Nelson, S.J., Fernandez, I.J., Kahl, J.S., 2010. Mercury concentration and deposition in snow in eastern temperate North America. Hydrological Processes 24: 1971 1980.
  • Norton, S.A., Fernandez, I.J., Kahl, J.S., Rustad, L.E., Navratil, T., and Almquist, H. 2010. The evolution of the science of Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assess 171: 3 to 21, doi: 10.1007/s10661 010 1528 y.
  • O Driscoll, M.A. and DeWalle, D.R. 2010. Seeps regulate stream nitrate concentration in a forested Appalachian catchment. Journal Environmental Quality 39: 420 to 431, doi: 10.2134/jeq2009.0083.
  • Padgett, P.E. 2010. The effect of ambient ozone and humidity on the performance of nylon and Teflon filters used in ambient air monitoring filterpack systems. Atmospheric Pollution Research 1: 23 to 29.
  • Pan, L., Lin, C. J., Carmichael, G.R., Streets, D.G., Tang, Y., Woo, J.H., Shetty, S.K., Chu, H. W., Ho, T.C., Friedli, H.R., and Feng, X. 2010. Study of atmospheric mercury budget in East Asia using STEM Hg modeling system. Science of The Total Environment 408(16): 3277 to 3291, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.039.
  • Parsons, M.J., Long, D.T., and Yohn, S.S. 2010. Assessing the natural recovery of a lake contaminated with Hg using estimated recovery rates determined by sediment chronologies. Applied Geochemistry 25: 1676 to 1687.
  • Ponette Gonzalez, A.G., Weathers, K.C., and Curran, L.M. 2010. Tropical land cover change alters biogeochemical inputs to ecosystems in a Mexican montane landscape. Ecological Applications 20:1820 to 1837, doi:10.1890/09 1125.1.
  • Bohl , N.L., Baxter, C.A., Adraski, T.W., Good, L.W., and Bundy, L.G. 2010. Source water effects on runoff amount and phosphorus concentration under simulated rainfall. Soil Science Society of America Journal 74: 612 to 618. Burkle, L.A. and Irwin, R.E. 2010. Beyond biomass: Measuring the effects of community level nitrogen enrichment on floral traits, pollinator visitation and plant reproduction. Journal of Ecology 98: 705 to 717, doi: 10.1111/j.1365 2745.2010.01648.x.
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  • Chang, Y. M., Hsu, N. J., and Huang, H. C. 2010. Semi parametric estimation and selection for nonstationary spatial covariance functions. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19(1): 117 to 139, doi:10.1198/jcgs.2010.07157.
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  • Bash, J.O. 2010. Description and initial simulation of a dynamic bidirectional air‐surface exchange model for mercury in Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Journal of Geophysical Research 115: D06305, doi:10.1029/2009JD012834.
  • Beavers, B.W., Liu, Z., Cox, M.S., Kingery, W.L., Brink, G.E., Gerard, P.D., and McGregor, K.C. 2010. Phosphorus dynamics in two poultry litter amended soils of Mississippi under three management systems. Pedosphere 20(2): 217 228.
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  • Sigleo, A.C., Frick, W.E., and Prieto, L. 2010. Red Alder (Alnus rubra) distribution influences nitrate discharge to coastal estuaries: Comparison of two Oregon watersheds. Northwest Science 84(4): 336 to 350, doi: 10.3955/046.084.0403.
  • Skogen, K.A., Holsinger, K.E., and Cardon, Z.G. 2010. Nitrogen deposition, competition and the decline of a regionally threatened legume, Desmodium cuspidatum. Oecologia, online publication, doi: 10.1007/s00442 010 1818 7.
  • Springsteen, A., Loya, W., Liebig, M., and Hendrickson, J. 2010. Soil carbon and nitrogen across a chronosequence of woody plant expansion in North Dakota. Plant Soil 328: 369 to 379, doi 10.1007/s11104 009 0117 8.
  • Sprovieri, E., Pirrone, N., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H., and Dommergue, A. 2010. Worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements: A review and synthesis of spatial and temporal trends. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion 10: 1261 to 1307, www.atmos chem phys discuss.net/10/1261/2010/.
  • Stevens, C.J. and Tilman, D. 2010. Point source ammonia emissions are having a detrimental impact on prairie vegetation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 211(1 4): 435 to 441, doi: 10.1007/s11270 009 0312 5.
  • Stevenson, B.A., Kelly, E.F., McDonald, E.V., Busacca, A.J., and Welker, J.M. 2010. Oxygen isotope ratios in Holocene carbonates across a climatic gradient, eastern Washington State, USA: Evidence for seasonal effects on pedogenic mineral isotopic composition. The Holocene Online, doi:10.1177/0959683609356588.
  • Converse, A.D., Riscassi, A.L., and Scanlon, T.M. 2010. Seasonal variability in gaseous mercury fluxes measured in a high elevation meadow. Atmospheric Environment 44(18): 2176 to 2185, doi 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.024.
  • Corvo, F., Reyes, J., Valdes, C., Villasenor, F., Cuesta, O., Aguilar, D., and Quintana, P. 2010. Influence of air pollution and humidity on limestone materials degradation in historical buildings located in cities under tropical coastal climates. Water, Air & Soil Pollution 205: 359 to 375, doi 10.1007/s11270 009 0081 1.
  • Cusack, D.F., Torn, M.S., McDowell, W.H., and Silver, W.L. 2010. The response of heterotrophic activity and carbon cycling to nitrogen additions and warming in two tropical soils. Global Change Biology 16: 2555 to 2572, doi: 10.1111/j.1365 2486.2009.02131.x.
  • David, M.B., Drinkwater, L.E., and McIsaac, G.F. 2010. Sources of nitrate yields in the Mississippi River Basin. Journal of Environmental Quality 39: 1657 to 1667, doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0115.
  • Civerolo, K., Hogrefe, C., Zalewsky, E., Hao, W., Sistla, G., Lynn, B., Rosenzweig, C., and Kinney, P.L. 2010. Evaluation of an 18 year CMAQ simulation: Seasonal variations and long term temporal changes in sulfate and nitrate. Atmospheric Environment 44(31): 3745 to 3752, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.056.
  • Clow, D.W. and Mast, M.A. 2010. Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: Implications for CO2 consumption by mineral weathering. Chemical Geology 269: 40 to 51.
  • Clow, D.W., Nanus, L., and Huggett, B. 2010. Use of regression based models to map sensitivity of aquatic resources to atmospheric deposition in Yosemite National Park, USA. Water Resources Research 46: W09529, doi:10.1029/2009WR008316.
  • Dayyania, S., Prasherb, S.O., Madanic, A., and Madramootoob, C.A. 2010. Development of DRAIN WARMF model to simulate flow and nitrogen transport in a tile drained agricultural watershed in Eastern Canada. Agricultural Water Management 98: 55 to 68.
  • Dennis, R.L., Mathur, R., Pleim, J.E., and Walker, J.T. 2010. Fate of ammonia emissions at the local to regional scale as simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Atmospheric Pollution Research 1: 207 to 214.
  • Di Vittorio, A.V., Anderson, R.S., White, J.D., Miller, N.L., and Running, S.W. 2010. Development and optimization of an Agro BGC ecosystem model for C4 perennial grasses. Ecological Modeling 221(17): 2038 to 2053, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.05.013.
  • Drevnick, P.E., Shinneman, A.L.C., Lamborg, C.H., Engstrom, D.R., Bothner, M.H., and Oris, J.T. 2010. Mercury flux to sediments of Lake Tahoe, California Nevada. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 210(1 4): 399 to 407, doi 10.1007/s11270 009 0262 y.
  • Engle, M.A., Tate, M.T., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Schauer, J.J., Kolker, A., Shanley, J.B., and Bothner, M.H. 2010. Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America. Journal of Geophysical Research 115: D18306, doi: 10.1029/2010JD014064.
  • Ewing, H.A., Groffman, P.M., and Frank, D.A. 2010. Grazers and soil moisture determine the fate of added 15NH4+ in Yellowstone grasslands. Plant Soil 328: 337 to 351, doi: 10.1007/s11104 009 0113 z.
  • Fang, Y., Fiore, A.M., Horowitz, L.W., Levy, H., Hu, Y., and Russell, A.G. 2010. Sensitivity of the NOy budget over the United States to anthropogenic and lightning NOx in summer. Journal of Geophysical Research 115: D18312, doi:10.1029/2010JD014079.
  • Fenn, M.E., Allen, E.B., Weiss, S.B., Jovan, S., Geiser, L.H., Tonnesen, G.S., Johnson, R.F., Rao, L.E., Gimeno, B.S., Yuan, F., Meixner, T., and Bytnerowicz, A. 2010. Nitrogen critical loads and management alternatives for N impacted ecosystems in California. Journal of Environmental Management 91: 2404 to 2423.
  • Filippa, G., Freppaz, M., Williams, M.W., and Zanini, E. 2010. Major element chemistry in inner alpine snowpacks (Aosta Valley Region, NW Italy). Cold Regions Science and Technology 64(2): 158 to 166, doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.07.005.
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  • Florida, State of. 2010. Site Specific Information in Support of Establishing Numeric Nutrient Criteria for St. Joseph Bay. Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL 32399, http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/wqssp/nutrients/docs/estuarine/talla hassee/st_joe_bay_081310.pdf.
  • Follstad Shaw, J.J., Harner, M.J., and Tibbets, T.M. 2010. Elaeagnus angustifolia elevates soil inorganic nitrogen pools in riparian ecosystems. Ecosystems 13: 46 to 61, doi: 10.1007/s10021 009 9299 4.
  • Vachon, R.W., Welker, J.M., White, J.W.C., and Vaughn, B.H. 2010. Monthly precipitation isoscapes (d18O) of the United States: Connections with surface temperatures, moisture source conditions, and air mass trajectories. Journal of Geophysical Research 115: D21126, doi:10.1029/2010JD014105.
  • Vadeboncoeur, M.A. 2010. Meta analysis of fertilization experiments indicates multiple limiting nutrients in northeastern deciduous forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40: 1766 to 1780.
  • Van Diepen, L.T.A., Lilleskov, E.A., Pregitzer, K.S., and Miller, R.M. 2010. Simulated nitrogen deposition causes a decline of intra and extra radical abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Changes in microbial community structure in northern hardwood forests. Ecosystems 13(5): 683 to 695, doi: 10.1007/s10021 010 9347 0.
  • Van Furl, C., Colman, J.A., and Bothner, M.H. 2010. Mercury sources to Lake Ozette and Lake Dickey: Highly contaminated remote coastal lakes, Washington State, USA. Water, Air & Soil Pollution 208: 275 to 286, doi: 10.1007/s11270 009 0165 y.
  • Van Riper, L.C., Larson, D.L., and Larson, J.L. 2010. Nitrogen limitation and invasive sweet clover impacts vary between two Great Plains plant communities. Biological Invasions 12(8): 2735 to 2749, doi: 10.1007/s10530 009 9678 y.
  • Vidon, P. and Cuadra, P.E. 2010. Impact of precipitation characteristics on soil hydrology in tile drained landscapes. Hydrological Processes 24: 1821 to 1833.
  • Vijayaraghavan, K., Herr, J., Chen, S. Y., and Knipping, E. 2010. Linkage between an advanced air quality model and a mechanistic watershed model. Geosciences Model Development Discussion 3: 1503 to 1548, doi:10.5194/gmdd 3 1503 2010.
  • Walters, D.M., Blocksom, K.A., Lazorchak, J.M., Jicha, T., Angradi, T.R., and Bolgrien, D.W. 2010. Mercury contamination in fish in midcontinent great rivers of the United States: Importance of species traits and environmental factors. Environmental Science & Technology 44(8): 2947 to 2953.
  • Ward, D.M., Nislow, K.H., Chen, C.Y., and Foltt, C.L. 2010. Rapid, efficient growth reduces mercury concentrations in stream dwelling Atlantic salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 139: 1 to 10, doi: 10.1577/T09 032.1.
  • Weand, M.P., Arthur, M.A., Lovett, G.M., McCulley, R.L., and Weathers, K.C. 2010. Effects of tree species and N additions on forest floor microbial communities and extracellular enzyme activities. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 42: 2161 to 2173.
  • Wetherbee, G.A., Shaw, M.J., Latysh, N.E., Lehmann, C.M.B., and Rothert, J.E. 2010. Comparison of precipitation chemistry measurements obtained by the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network and National Atmospheric Deposition Program for the period 1995 to 2004. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 164: 111 to 132, doi: 10.1007/s10661 009 0879 8.
  • Winder, V.L. and Emslie, S.D. 2010. Mercury in breeding and wintering Nelson s Sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni). Ecotoxicology (online), doi: 10.1007/s10646 010 0573 1.
  • Zhao, S.Q., Liu, S., Li, Z., and Sohl, T.L. 2010. A spatial resolution threshold of land cover in estimating terrestrial carbon sequestration in four counties in Georgia and Alabama, USA. Biogeosciences 7: 71 to 80.
  • Wyn, B., Kidd, K.A., Burgess, N.M., Curry, R.A., and Munkittrick, K.R. 2010. Increasing mercury in yellow perch at a hotspot in Atlantic Canada, Kejimkujik National Park. Environmental Science and Technology 44(23): 9176 to 9181, doi: 10.1021/es1018114.
  • Yi, L., Xiaolan, Y., Hongbing, C., Weili, L., Jie, T., and Shufeng, W. 2010. Chemical characteristics of precipitation at three Chinese regional background stations from 2006 to 2007. Atmospheric Research 96: 173 to 183, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.12.011.
  • Zhang, Y., Wen, X. Y., and Jang, C.J. 2010. Simulating chemistry aerosol cloud radiation climate feedbacks over the continental U.S. using the online coupled Weather Research Forecasting Model with chemistry (WRF/Chem). Atmospheric Environment 44: 3568 to 3582.
  • Sunderland, E.M., Dalziel, J., Heyes, A., Branfireun, B., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Gobas, F.A.P.C. 2010. Response of a macrotidal estuary to changes in anthropogenic mercury loading between 1850 and 2000. Environmental Science and Technology 44: 1698 to 1704.
  • Thornton, J.A., Kercher, J.P., Riedel, T.P., Wagner, N.L., Cozic, J., Holloway, J.S., Dube, W.P., Wolfe, G.M., Quinn, P.K., Middlebrook, A.M., Alexander, B., and Brown, S.S. 2010. A large atomic chlorine source inferred from mid continental reactive nitrogen chemistry. Nature 464: 271 to 274, doi:10.1038/nature08905.
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Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The NTN coordinated the activities at 250 sites. Sites collect precipitation-only samples weekly in 48 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The NTN provides the only long-term nationwide record of wet deposition in the U.S. This network coordinated and analyzed 12,640 field samples and delivered these results to the NADP database. The 7-site AIRMoN collects daily precipitation samples and supports research of atmospheric transport and removal of air pollutants, focusing on individual precipitation events. Event samples can be used for research and chemical "tracking" for source identification. The AIRMoN coordinated and analyzed more than 1,000 samples, which were delivered to the NADP database. The MDN has 120 sites and offers the only continental-scale measurements of mercury (Hg) in North American precipitation. MDN data are used to quantify Hg deposition in areas where there are fish or wildlife consumption advisories. For the year, the MDN coordinated and analyzed approximately 5,860 samples, and delivered the data to the NADP database. To date, nearly 400,000 observations of precipitation chemistry have been archived by the NADP. Measured concentration and precipitation amounts, along with calculated deposition and quality assurance flags and ratings, can be retrieved online for each network (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/data/). At the NADP Fall 2009 Meeting and Scientific Symposium, the committees voted to approve the Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) as an official NADP network. This network has operated as an NADP special study since 2008. The focus of AMNet is the measurement of atmospheric Hg concentrations across North America. Currently, AMNet has 21 sites. On-site analyzers measure atmospheric mercury concentrations on a continuous basis. For more information see http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/amn/. These basic activities fulfilled the project objectives: (1) coordination of three networks; (2) quality assurance; and (3) chemical analysis, site support, and data validation. Information is disseminated primarily through presentations at the NADP Fall meeting and through the Web site. NADP data are available at no charge via the Internet, which enables online retrieval of data, seasonal and annual averages, trend plots, concentration and deposition maps, reports, etc. (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu). Our annual scientific meeting, "NADP 2009: Monitoring Change in Multi-Pollutant Deposition and Environmental Response: Bridging Air and Ecosystem," was held in Saratoga Springs, NY on October 6-8, 2009. There were 175 participants (our largest), and 34 speaking and 45 poster presentations in 7 topical areas including "Are Ecosystems Responding to Emission Reductions" and "Agricultural Emissions and Ecosystem Effects." Committee minutes, proceedings, and scientific presentations are available at the web site. Preparations are well underway for our next Fall Technical and Scientific Meeting in Lake Tahoe, California on October 19 - 21, 2010 (http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/meetings/fall2010/a/). All meeting information, registration, payment, and presentations are now available online. PARTICIPANTS: The NADP is National Research Support Project-3: A Long-Term Monitoring Program in Support of Research on the Effects of Atmospheric Chemical Deposition. More than 250 sponsors support the NADP, including private companies and other nongovernmental organizations, universities, local and state government agencies, State Agricultural Experiment Stations, national laboratories, Native American organizations, Canadian government agencies, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Service, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture - National Institute of Food and Agriculture, under agreement no. 2008-39134-19508. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
NADP's principal outcomes and impacts on the broader scientific and educational communities are reflected in the value and usefulness of our network and data. Collaboration continues with USDA-Cereal Disease Laboratory (CDL) to measure soybean rust spores (SBR) in NTN samples. SBR is a fungal parasite that can cause significant soybean losses. This research started in 2005 and continues. In 2009, the CDL found that once again 8 percent of samples tested positive for SBR. Weekly spore counts vary widely. A new CDL wheat rust investigation began in November 2009. This initiative will investigate 44 southern U.S. sites and weekly precipitation samples for several different strains. Results are forthcoming. NADP scientists have initiated and continue to operate a low-cost atmospheric ammonia monitoring network with the intent of calculating ammonia dry deposition. Ammonia is causing great concern among scientists studying agriculture and air pollution. The network is currently operating, with 2,272 samples analyzed during the past 12 months (http://nadpweb.isws.illinois.edu/nh3net/). Scientists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) supported research at the NADP's Central Analytical Laboratory (CAL) to determine whether organic nitrogen deposition can be measured reliably and accurately in weekly NTN samples. Preliminary results from these tests indicate a seasonal trend in organic nitrogen concentrations. Furthermore, these concentrations may account for as much as one-third of total nitrogen deposition. The CAL measured the concentration of bromide ions in NADP samples as part of a special study with the U.S. Geological Survey. Bromide is released into the environment via many processes, including agricultural fumigants and flame-retardants. Methyl bromide is classified as an ozone-depleting substance, and its use is strictly regulated. NADP continues to assist authors and publishers who use NADP data and products in textbooks. The latest are Chemistry Matters (Allen and Allen, Kendall-Hunt) and Environmental Geology (Montgomery, McGraw-Hill). Our website continues to be the primary data dissemination tool. During FY 2009, there were more than 38,560 registered users, 355,000 user sessions, 25,500 data downloads and 25,571 downloads of deposition maps. User type remains about one third federal and state agencies, one third from universities, 20% from K-to-12 schools, and 14% from other organizations. Annual maps of atmospheric pollutants, concentrations, and depositions were developed for 2009 measurements. These maps are used widely and constitute one of the major network products. Maps are available by network, year, and constituent and are compiled into annual reports and animation sequences (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/data). We also distributed approximately 2000 printed 2008 map summaries. The 2009 Map Summary will be available in October. The USEPA's Science Advisory Board has drafted Reactive Nitrogen in the United States: An Analysis of Inputs, Flows, Consequences, and Management Options (http://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/). This report uses NADP measurements to support many advisory conclusions.  

Publications

  • Wang, K., Zhang, Y., Jang, C., Phillips, S. and Wang, B. 2009. Modeling intercontinental air pollution transport over the trans-Pacific region in 2001 using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system. Journal Of Geophysical Research 114: D04307, DOI:10.1029/2008JD010807.
  • Tuttle, M.L.W., Breit, G.N. and Cozzarelli, I.M. 2009. Processes affecting δ34S and δ18O values of dissolved sulfate in alluvium along the Canadian River, central Oklahoma, USA. Chemical Geology 265:455.
  • United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 2009. Allegheny National Forest Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement. USDA Report (http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/forests/allegheny/projects/supp_eis/index.ph p).
  • van der Schans, M.L., Harter, T., Leijnse, A., Mathews, M.C. and Meyer, R.D. 2009. Characterizing sources of nitrate leaching from an irrigated dairy farm in Merced County, California. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 110:9.
  • Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C. and Paytan, A. 2009. Using nitrate dual isotopic composition (d15N and d18O) as a tool for exploring sources and cycling of nitrate in an estuarine system: Elkhorn Slough, California. Journal Of Geophysical Research 114: G01011, DOI:10.1029/2008JG000729.
  • Williams, M.W., Helmig, D. and Blanken, P. 2009. White on green: Under-snow microbial processes and trace gas fluxes through snow, Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range. Biogeochemistry 95:1, DOI: 10.1007/s10533-009-9330-z.
  • Williams, M.W., Seibold, C. and Chowanski, K. 2009. Storage and release of solutes from a subalpine seasonal snowpack: Soil and stream water response, Niwot Ridge, Colorado. Biogeochemistry 95:77, DOI:10.1007/s10533-009-9288-x.
  • Day, J.W., Cable, J.E., Cowan, Jr., J.H., DeLaune, R., de Mutsert, K., Fry, B., Mashriqui, H., Justic, D., Kemp, P., Lane, R.R., Rick, J., Rick, S., Rozas, L.P., Snedden, G., Swenson E., Twilley, R.R. and Wissel, B. 2009. The impacts of pulsed reintroduction of river water on a Mississippi Delta coastal basin. Journal of Coastal Research SI 54: 225.
  • Deyton, E.B., Schwartz, J.S., Robinson, R.B., Neff, K.J., Moore, S.E. and Kulp, M.A. 2009. Characterizing episodic stream acidity during stormflows in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Water Air Soil Pollution 196:3, DOI: 10.1007/s11270-008-9753-5.
  • Diebel, M.W., Maxted, J.T., Robertson, D.M., Han, S. and Vander Zanden, M.J. 2009. Landscape planning for agricultural nonpoint source pollution reduction III: Assessing phosphorus and sediment reduction potential. Environmental Management 43:69, DOI:10.1007/s00267-008-9139-x.
  • Ebinghaus, E., Banic, C., Beauchamp, S., Jaffe, D., Kock, H.H., Pirrone, N., Poissant, L., Sprovieri, F. and Weiss-Penzias, P.S. 2009. Spatial coverage and temporal trends of land-based atmospheric mercury measurements in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Edited by N. Pirrone and R. Mason. Mercury Fate and Transport in the Global Atmosphere 223, DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2_9, Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.
  • Elias, P.E., Burger, J.A. and Adams, M.B. 2009. Acid deposition effects on forest composition and growth on the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. Forest Ecology and Management 258:2175.
  • Elser, J.J., Anderson, T., Baron, J.S., Bergstrom, A-K., Kyle, M., Nydick, K.R., Steger, L. and Hessen, D.O. 2009. Shifts in lake N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Science 326:835.
  • Elser, J.J., Kyle, M., Steger, L., Nydick, K.R. and Baron, J.S. 2009. Nutrient availability and phytoplankton nutrient limitation across a gradient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Ecology 90: 3062.
  • Entringer, R. and Howarth, R., Co-Chairs. 2009. Workshop on atmospheric deposition of nitrogen Chesapeake Bay Program, Science and Technical Advisory Committee, May 30, 2007 at the State University of New York, Binghamton, NY.
  • Ewing, H.A., Weathers, K.C., Templer, P.H., Dawson, T.E., Firestone, M.K., Elliott, A.M. and Boukili, V.K.S. 2009. Fog water and ecosystem function: Heterogeneity in a California redwood forest. Ecosystems 12: 417, DOI: 10.1007/s10021-009-9232-x.
  • Fenn, M.E., Sickman, J.O., B'tnerouic, A., Clow, D.W., Molotch, N.P., Pelm, J.E., Tonnesen, G.S., Weathers, K.C., Padgett, P.E. and Campbell, D.H. 2009. Methods for measuring atmospheric nitrogen deposition inputs in arid and montane ecosystems of western North America. Developments in Environmental Science 9, ISSN: 1474-8177, D01:10.1016 S1474-8177(08)00208-8.
  • Flanagan, C.M., McKnight, D.M., Liptzin, D., Williams, M.W. and Miller, M.P. 2009. Response of the Phytoplankton community in an alpine lake to drought conditions: Colorado Rocky Mountain Front Range, USA. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 41(2): 191.
  • Florkowski, L.N. 2009. Development of a recommended analytical framework for environmental report cards: An example from Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C. and its watershed. Masters thesis, Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
  • Foley, K.M., Roselle, S.J., Appel, K.W., Bhave, P.V., Pleim, J.E., Otte, T.L., Mathur, R., Sarwar, G., Young, J.O., Gilliam, R.C., Nolte, C.G., Kelly, J.T., Gilliland, A.B. and Bash, J.O. 2009. Incremental testing of the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 4.7. Geosciences Model Development Discussions 2:1245.
  • Gentry, L.E., David, M.B., Below, F.E., Royer, T.V. and McIsaac, G.F. 2009. Nitrogen mass balance of a tile-drained agricultural watershed in east-central Illinois. Journal of Environmental Quality 38:1841, DOI:10.2134/jeq2008.0406.
  • Golden, H.E. and Boyer, E.W. 2009. Contemporary estimates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the watersheds of New York State, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 155: 319, DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0438-8.
  • Gratz, L.E., Keeler, G.J. and Miller, E.K. 2009. Long-term relationships between mercury wet deposition and meteorology. Atmospheric Environment 43:6218.
  • Grenon, J. and Story, M. 2009. U.S. Forest Service Region 1 Lake Chemistry, NADP, and IMPROVE air quality data analysis. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-230WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 42 p.
  • Griffith, A.D., Kinner, D.A., Tanner, B.R., Moore, A., Mathews, K.G. and Young, R.S. 2009. Nutrient and physical soil characteristics of River Cane Stands, Western North Carolina. CASTANEA 74(3): 224.
  • Hartman, M.D., Baron, J.S., Clow, D.W., Creed, I.S., Driscoll, C.T., Ewing, H., Haines, B.D., Lajtha, K., Knoepp, J., van Migroet, H., Ojima, D.S., Parton, W.J., Renfro, J., Robinson, B., Weathers, K. and Williams, W. 2009. DayCent-Chem Simulations of Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes of Eight Mountain Ecosystems in the United States. USGS Scientific Investigations Report SIR 2009-5150; http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5150/.
  • Hassett, J.E., Zak, D.R., Blackwood, C.B. and Pregitzer, K.S. 2009. Are Basidiomycete Laccase gene abundance and composition related to reduced lignolytic activity under elevated atmospheric NO3 deposition in a northern hardwood forest Microbial Ecology 57:728, DOI: 10.1007/s00248-008-9440-
  • Heckel, P. and Dombek, T. 2009. Monitoring inorganic compounds. In: Satinder Ahuja Ed., Water Purity and Quality (pp. 198-211). Elsevier/Academic Press.
  • Hopfensperger, K.N., Gault, C.M. and Groffman, P.M. 2009. Influence of plant communities and soil properties on trace gas fluxes in riparian northern hardwood forests. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 2076.
  • Jeremiason, J.D., Kanne, L.A., Lacoe, T.A., Hulting, M. and Simcik, M.F. 2009. A comparison of mercury cycling in Lakes Michigan and Superior. Journal of Great Lakes Research 35:329.
  • Karagatzides, J.D., Butler, J.L. and Ellison, A.E. 2009. The pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea can directly acquire organic nitrogen and short-circuit the inorganic nitrogen cycle. PLoS ONE 4(7): e6164, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0006164.
  • Keeler, G.J., Pirrone, N., Bullock, R. and Sillman, S. 2009. The need for a coordinated global mercury monitoring network for global and regional model validations. N. Pirrone and R. Mason Eds., Mercury fate and transport in the global atmosphere 391, DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2_13, Springer Science and Business Media, LLC.
  • Krueger, L.M., Peterson, C.J., Royo, A. and Carson, W.P. 2009. Evaluating relationships among tree growth rate, shade tolerance, and browse tolerance following disturbance in an eastern deciduous forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39(12): 2460.
  • Krumins, J.A., Dighton, J., Gray, D., Franklin, R.B., Morin, P.J. and Roberts, M.S. 2009. Soil microbial community response to nitrogen enrichment in two scrub oak forests. Forest Ecology and Management 258:1383.
  • Landing, W.M, Caffrey, J.M., Nolek, S.D. and Gosnell, K. 2009. Atmospheric wet deposition of mercury and other trace elements in Pensacola, Florida. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9: 27649, www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/27649/2009/.
  • Lauber, C.L., Sinsabaugh, R.L. and Zak, D.R. 2009. Laccase gene composition and relative abundance in Oak Forest soil is not affected by short-term nitrogen fertilization. Microb Ecol 57:50, DOI 10.1007/s00248-008-9437-0.
  • Long, R.P., Horsley, S.B., Hallett, R.A. and Bailey, S.W. 2009. Sugar maple growth in relation to nutrition and stress in the northeastern United States. Ecological Applications 19(6):1454.
  • Loos, S., Middelkoop, H., van der Perk, M. and van Beek, R. 2009. Large scale nutrient modeling using globally available datasets: A test for the Rhine basin. Journal of Hydrology 369(3,4): 403.
  • Makar, P.A., Moran, M.D., Zheng, Q., Cousineau, S., Sassi, M., Duhamel, A., Besner, M., Davignon, D., Crevier, L.-P. and Bouchet, V.S. 2009. Modeling the impacts of ammonia emissions reductions on North American air quality. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9: 7183.
  • Manley, S.D. 2009. Influence of dissolved organic matter (dom) on mercury speciation and reactivity in rainwater. Masters thesis, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC.
  • Marcarelli, A.M. and Wurtsbaugh, W.A. 2009. Nitrogen fixation varies spatially and seasonally in linked stream-lake ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 94: 95, DOI:10.1007/s10533-009-9311-2.
  • May, D.B. and Sivakumar, M. 2009. Prediction of urban stormwater quality using artificial neural networks. Environmental Modeling and Software 24: 296.
  • McCorquodale, A.J., Roblin, R.J., Georgiou, I.Y. and Haralampides, K.A. 2009. Salinity, nutrient, and sediment dynamics in the Pontchartrain Estuary. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 54:71.
  • McDowell, R.W. and Sharpley, A.N. 2009. Atmospheric deposition contributes little nutrient and sediment to stream flow from an agricultural watershed. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 134:19.
  • McMahon, S.M., Parker, G.G. and Miller, D.R. 2009. Evidence for a recent increase in forest growth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(8):3611, DOI:10.1073/pnas.0912376107.
  • Moore, C.W., Cosby, B.J., Galloway, J.N. and Castro, M.S. 2009. Relationship between pH and stream water total mercury concentrations in Shenandoah National Park. Water Air Soil Pollution 201:233, DOI: 10.1007/s11270-008-9940-4.
  • Moore, J.-D. and Houle, D. 2009. Soil solution and sugar maple response to NH4NO3 additions in a base-poor northern hardwood forest of Quebec, Canada. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 155:177, DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0427-y.
  • Moore, K.A. and Reay, W.G. 2009. CBNERRVA Research and Monitoring Program. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue 57:118.
  • Morris, R.E. and Jung, J. 2009. Comparison of particulate carbon source contributions in the southeastern U.S. using photochemical grid and receptor modeling. Final Report. Environmental International Corporation. June 29, 2009.
  • Mullaney, J.R., Lorenz, D.L. and Arntson, A.D. 2009. Chloride in groundwater and surface water in areas underlain by the glacial aquifer system, northern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5086, 41 p. http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5086/.
  • Mynsberge, A.R., Strager, M.P., Strager, J.M. and Mazik, P.M. 2009. Developing predictive models for freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) in the Appalachians: Limitations and directions for future research. Ecoscience 16(3):387.
  • Nave, L.E., Vogel, C.S., Gough, C.M. and Curtis, P.S. 2009. Contribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to net primary productivity in a northern hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research 39:1108, DOI:10.1139/X09-038.
  • Neff, K.J., Schwartz, J.S., Henry, T.B., Robinson, R.B., Moore, S.E. and Kulp, M.A. 2009. Physiological stress in native southern brook trout during episodic stream acidification in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 57:366, DOI: 10.1007/s00244-008-9269-4.
  • Padgett, P.E. 2009. Nitrogen deposition: The up and down side for production agriculture. UC Davis: The Proceedings of the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium XVI. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/705368n3.
  • Perez-Suarez, M., Fenn, M.E., Cetina-Alcala, V.M. and Aldrete, A. 2009. The effect of canopy cover on throughfall and soil chemistry in two forest sites in the Mexico City air basin. Atmosfera 21(1):83.
  • Perry, C.H., Amacher, M.C., Cannon, W., Kolka, R.K. and Woodruff, L. 2009. The distribution of mercury in a forest floor transect across the central United States. 2006 Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium.
  • Reay, W.G. 2009. Water quality within the York River estuary. Journal of Coastal Research, SI. 57:23.
  • Reese, E. 2009. Comparison of agricultural area source ammonia gas concentration and flux measurements. A Masters thesis submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT.
  • Riscassi, A.L. and Scanlon, T.M. 2009. Nitrate variability in hydrological flow paths for three mid-Appalachian forested watersheds following a large-scale defoliation. Journal Of Geophysical Research 114 G02009, DOI:10.1029/2008JG000860.
  • Scanlon, B.R., Stonestrom, D.A., Reedy, R.C., Leaney, F.W., Gates, J. and Cresswell, R.W. 2009. Inventories and mobilization of unsaturated zone sulfate, fluoride, and chloride related to land use change in semiarid regions, southwestern United States and Australia. Water Resources Research 45: W00A18, DOI:10.1029/2008WR006963.
  • Schaefer, S.C., Hollibaugh, J.T. and Alber, M. 2009. Watershed nitrogen input and riverine export on the West Coast of the U.S. Biogeochemistry 93:219, DOI 10.1007/s10533-009-9299-7.
  • Selin, N.E. 2009. Global biogeochemical cycling of mercury: A review. Annual Review Environmental Resource 34:43.
  • Selvendiran, P., Driscoll, C.T., Montesdeoca, M.R., Choi, H.-D. and Holsen, T.M. 2009. Mercury dynamics and transport in two Adirondack lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 54(2):413.
  • Siudek, P., Falkowska, L. and Urba, A. 2009. Bimodal variation in mercury wet deposition to the coastal zone of the southern Baltic. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9:22773, www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/22773/2009/.
  • Still, C.J. 2009. The influence of clouds and diffuse radiation on ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 and CO18O exchanges. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: LBNL Paper LBNL-2155E. Retrieved from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rw8583k.
  • Stupple, G.W. 2009. Air mercury speciation, foliar uptake, and wash-off along an urban-rural gradient. Masters Thesis submitted to the Graduate Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
  • Tuchman, N.C., Larkin, D.J., Geddes, P., Wildova, R., Jankowski, K.J. and Goldberg, D.E. 2009. Patterns of environmental change associated with Typha X Glauca invasion in a Great Lakes coastal wetland. Wetlands 29(3):964.
  • Nelson, S.J. 2009. Mercury in snowfall and snowpack mercury dynamics in forested watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine. Park Science 26(1):35.
  • Nelson, S.T., Mayo, A.L., Gilfillan, S., Dutson, S.J., Harris, R.A., Shipton, Z.K. and Tingey, D.K. 2009. Enhanced fracture permeability and accompanying fluid flow in the footwall of a normal fault: The hurricane fault at Pah Tempe hot springs, Washington County, Utah. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121: 236, DOI: 10.1130/B26285.1.
  • Noe, G.B. and Hupp, C.R. 2009. Retention of riverine sediment and nutrient loads by coastal plain floodplains. Ecosystems 12:728, DOI: 10.1007/s10021-009-9253-5.
  • Ritorto, M., Screaton, E.J., Martin, J.B. and Moore, P.J. 2009. Relative importance and chemical effects of diffuse and focused recharge in an eogenetic karst aquifer: An example from the unconfined upper Floridian aquifer, USA. Hydrogeology Journal 17:1687.
  • Robinson, D.T., Brown, D.G. and Currie, W.S. 2009. Modeling carbon storage in highly fragmented and human-dominated landscapes: Linking land-cover patterns and ecosystem models. Ecological Modeling 220: 1325.
  • Rock, L. and Mayer, B. 2009. Identifying the influence of geology, land use, and anthropogenic activities on riverine sulfate on a watershed scale by combining hydrometric, chemical and isotopic approaches. Chemical Geology 262:121.
  • Vermont Monitoring Cooperative. 2009. Vermont's changing forests: Key findings on the health of forested ecosystems. Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, University of Vermont, and the United States Forest Service, October 2009.
  • Vidon, P., Hubbard, L.E. and Soyeux, E. 2009. Seasonal solute dynamics across land uses during storms in glaciated landscape of the U.S. Midwest. Journal of Hydrology 376:34.
  • Walker, J.T., Vose, J.M., Knoepp, J. and Geron, C.D. 2009. Recovery of nitrogen pools and processes in degraded riparian zones in the southern Appalachians. Journal of Environmental Quality 38:1391, DOI:10.2134/jeq2008.0259.
  • Wan, Q., Feng, X., Lu, J., Zheng, W., Song, X., Li, P., Han, S. and Xu, H. 2009. Atmospheric mercury in Changbai Mountain area, northeastern China II. The distribution of reactive gaseous mercury and particulate mercury and mercury deposition fluxes. Environmental Research 109:721.
  • Zhang, Y., Vijayaraghavan, K., Wen, X.-Y., Snell, H.E. and Jacobson, M.Z. 2009. Probing into regional ozone and particulate matter pollution in the United States: 1. A 1 year CMAQ simulation and evaluation using surface and satellite data. Journal Of Geophysical Research 114: D22304, DOI:10.1029/2009JD011898.
  • Zhao, S.Q., Liu, S., Li, Z. and Sohl, T.L. 2009. Ignoring detailed fast-changing dynamics of land use overestimates regional terrestrial carbon sequestration. Biogeosciences 6:1647 (www.biogeosciences.net/6/1647/2009/).
  • Zhao, X., Yan, X., Xiong, Z., Xie, Y., Xing, G., Shi, S. and Zhu, Z. 2009. Spatial and temporal variation of inorganic nitrogen wet deposition to the Yangtze River Delta region, China. Water Air Soil Pollution 203:277, DOI: 10.1007/s11270-009-0011-2.
  • Wozniak, A.S. 2009. Characterization and deposition of aerosol organic matter in the eastern United States. Dissertation, School of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.
  • Bash, J.O. and Miller, D.R. 2009. Growing season total gaseous mercury (TGM) flux measurements over an Acer rubrum L. stand. Atmospheric Environment 43:5953.
  • Beem, K.B., Raja, S., Schwandner, F.M., Taylor, C., Lee, T., Sullivan, A.P., Carrico, C.M., McMeeking, G.R., Day, D., Levin, E., Hand, J., Kreidenweis, S.M., Schichtel, B., Malm, W.C. and Collett, J.L., Jr. 2009. Deposition of reactive nitrogen during the Rocky Mountain Airborne Nitrogen and Sulfur (RoMANS) study. Environmental Pollution 158:862.
  • Chen, C., Sedwick, P.N. and Sharma, M. 2009. Anthropogenic osmium in rain and snow reveals global-scale atmospheric contamination. P. National Academy of Sciences 106(19):7724.
  • Chen, X. and Driscoll, C.T. 2009. Watershed land use controls on chemical inputs to Lake Ontario embayments. Journal of Environmental Quality 38:2084.
  • Berryman, E.M., Venterea, R.T., Baker, J.M., Bloom, P.R. and Elf, B. 2009. Phosphorus and greenhouse gas dynamics in a drained calcareous wetland soil in Minnesota. Journal of Environmental Quality 38:2147.
  • Bethers, S., Day, M.E., Wiersma, G.B., Fernandez, I.J. and Elvir, J.A. 2009. Effects of chronically elevated nitrogen and sulfur deposition on sugar maple saplings: Nutrition, growth and physiology. Forest Ecology and Management 258:895.
  • Blake, T.W. and Downing, J.A. 2009. Measuring atmospheric nutrient deposition to inland waters: Evaluation of direct methods. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 7:638.
  • Brigham, M.E., Wentz, D.A., Aiken, G.R. and Krabbenhoft, D.P. 2009. Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. Environmental Science and Technology 43(8):2720, DOI: 10.1021/es802694n.
  • Bronson, K.F., Malapati, A., Booker, J.D., Scanlon, B.R., Hudnall, H.W. and Schubert, A.M. 2009. Residual soil nitrate in irrigated Southern High Plains cotton fields and Ogallala groundwater nitrate. J. Soil and Water Conservation 64(2):98, DOI:10.2489/jswc.64.2.98.
  • Brown, C.A. and Ozretich, R.J. 2009. Coupling between the coastal ocean and Yaquina Bay, Oregon: Importance of oceanic inputs relative to other nitrogen sources. Estuaries and Coasts 32:219, DOI: 10.1007/s12237-008-9128-6.
  • Burkle, L.A. and Irwin, R.E. 2009. The effects of nutrient addition on floral characters and pollination in two subalpine plants, Ipomopsis aggregate and Linum lewisii. Plant Ecology 203:83, DOI: 10.1007/s11258-008-9512-0.
  • Cornelius, W., Kozek, L. and Karpusenko, V. 2009. State of North Carolina. Division of Air Quality. B. Keith Overcash, P.E., Director. 2004 Ambient Air Quality Report. Ambient Monitoring Section Report # 2009.03.
  • Croft, B., Lohmann, U., Martin, R.V., Stier, P., Wurzler, S., Feichter, J., Hoose, C., Heikkila, U., van Donkelaar, A. and Ferrachat, S. 2009. Influences of in-cloud aerosol scavenging parameterizations on aerosol concentrations and wet deposition in ECHAM5-HAM. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9:22041.
  • Cusack, D.F., Silver, W. and McDowell, W.H. 2009. Biological nitrogen fixation in two tropical forests: Ecosystem-level patterns and effects of nitrogen fertilization. Ecosystems 12:1299, DOI: 10.1007/s10021-009-9290-0.
  • Dail, D.B., Hollinger, D.Y., Davidson, E.A., Fernandez, I., Sievering, H.C., Scott, N.A. and Gaige, E. 2009. Distribution of nitrogen-15 tracers applied to the canopy of a mature spruce-hemlock stand, Howland, Maine, USA. Oecologia 160:589, DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1325-x.


Progress 09/01/08 to 08/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: During the year, the NTN coordinated the activities at 250 NTN stations. Sites collect precipitation-only samples weekly in 48 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/sites/ntnmap.asp). The NTN is the only long-term nationwide record of wet deposition in the U.S. This project coordinated and analyzed 18,454 samples which were delivered to the NADP database. Measured concentration, precipitation amounts, wet deposition rates and quality assurance flags and ratings are available online. The 7-site AIRMoN (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/AIRMoN/) collects daily precipitation samples and supports research of atmospheric transport and removal of air pollutants, focusing on individual precipitation events. During the past year, the AIRMoN coordinated and analyzed more than 1,390 samples, which were delivered to the NADP database (ongoing). The MDN has 113 sites (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/mdn/), and offers the only regional measurements of mercury (Hg) in North American precipitation. For the year, the MDN coordinated and analyzed approximately 6,001 precipitation samples, and delivered the data to the NADP database (ongoing). Refinement of the quality assurance documentation occurred during the year. Updated versions of the following were produced and approved prior to the fall 2009 meeting: 1) Quality Management Plan; 2) Quality Assurance Plan; 3) Guidelines for NADP Laboratory Quality Assurance Reports; 4) Guidelines for NADP Laboratory Reviews; 5) Guidelines for NADP Quality Management System Review; 6) NADP Site Information Worksheet; 7) NADP Site Selection and Installation Manual; and 8) Guide for New NADP Initiatives. The Central Analytical Laboratory (NTN network lab) was audited during July 2009, with recommendations provided and small changes occurring over the year. The mercury lab was audited in September 2009. These basic activities fulfilled the project objectives: (1) coordination of three networks; (2) quality assurance to ensure consistency; and (3) analytical, site support, and data validation services for all sites. Information is disseminated primarily through scientific presentations at the NADP fall meeting, and data are provided through the Web site. NADP data are available at no charge, which enables online retrieval, seasonal and annual averages, trend plots, concentration and deposition maps, reports, manuals, etc. (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu). In FY08, we instituted new Web service updates, which should allow us to provide more information to more people. These improvements continued throughout FY09. Our FY08 scientific meeting "30 Years of Network Operations: Focusing on the Future" was held in Madison, WI on Oct. 14-16, 2008. It attracted more than 135 participants, and 43 plenary and 29 poster presentations organized into seven topical areas. The minutes and presentations are available (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/meetings/). The NADP continues to convert to an all-digital precipitation gage network. Also, preparations are well underway for our next Fall Technical and Scientific Meeting in New York on October 6 to 10, 2009 (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/meetings/fall2009/a/). PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
NADP's principal outcomes and impacts on the broader scientific and educational communities are reflected in the perceived value of our data products. Value: The United States-Canada Air Quality Agreement, Progress Report 2008 (http://www.epa.gov/airmarkt/progsregs/usca/index.htm) addresses requirements of the 1991 U.S.-Canada Air Quality Agreement. NADP's data and maps are used extensively to show that wet deposition of acid is improving, and that the bilateral agreement regiments are being met. EPA's Science Advisory Board has drafted "Reactive Nitrogen in the United States: An Analysis of Inputs, Flows, Consequences, and Management Options" (http://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/). This report uses NADP measurements liberally to support many advisory conclusions about nitrogen addition to the environment. Stimulating Research: Many peer-reviewed scientific publications use or compare to NADP, including 53 journal articles and reports (Jan. to Aug., 2009) listed here. Our datasets were used extensively at our FY09 Fall Symposium. Many are of particular interest to agriculture and include a keynote address on the 30-year NADP history and our agricultural roots (E. B. Cowling), along with the sessions:(1) Total Nitrogen Deposition; (2) Ammonia Measurements; and (3) Standing Sentinel over America's Crops (airborne ag. diseases). Our organization and data have fostered ideas for further research. NADP scientists have initiated and are operating a low-cost atmospheric ammonia monitoring network. The network produced 2,272 samples analyzed during the past year (http://nadpweb.isws.illinois.edu/nh3net/). NADP continues to collaborate with the USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory to look for soybean rust spores in NADP FY09 samples (5th year). Genetic methods confirmed spores in 8% of NADP FY08 samples. A web-based animation series was created to show spore movement, etc. EPA and NADP scientists have begun tests to determine if organic nitrogen deposition can be measured reliably and accurately. Preliminary results are very promising. This added information would be particularly important to our understanding of nitrogen deposition patterns. Dissemination: Our Web site continues to be the primary data dissemination tool. This site received ~ 1.65 million "hits" and 90,000 unique visitors in the past 12 months, and has almost 40,000 registered users. More importantly, users retrieved 26,000 data files. One-third of users are from federal and state agencies, another third from universities, and one-fifth from K-to-12 schools. These statistics demonstrate that NADP continues to be relevant to these communities. We also distributed 1,800 printed FY07 Map Summaries. The EPA Clean Air Markets Division has produced a new Web-based data tool for on-demand mapping of wet deposition (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, etc.) and total deposition and other factors (emissions, etc). This Web-tool can be found at: (http://camddataandmaps.epa.gov/gdm/). Dissemination/Outreach: NADP continues to assist authors and publishers using NADP data and products in new science textbooks. The latest is "Chemistry Matters" (Allen and Allen, Kendall-Hunt Pub.).

Publications

  • Ainslie, B., Reuten, C., Steyn, D.G., Le, N.D. and Zidek, J.D. 2009. Application of an entropy-based Bayesian optimization technique to the redesign of an existing monitoring network for single air pollutants. Journal of Environmental Management 90:2715-2729.
  • Aleksic, N., Roy, K., Sistla, G., Dukett, J., Houck, N. and Casson, P. 2009. Analysis of cloud and precipitation chemistry at Whiteface Mountain, NY. Atmospheric Environment 43:2709-2716.
  • Linker, L., Shenk, G., Wang, P. and Batiuk, R. 2009. Integration of modeling, research, and monitoring in the Chesapeake Bay Program. Chapter 3 In: The management of water quality and irrigation technologies, 2009 ISBN 978-84407-670-3, Earthscan, London.
  • Matsubara, H., Morimoto, S., Sase, H., Ohizumi, T., Sumida, H., Nakata, M. and Ueda, H. 2009. Long-term declining trends in river water pH in Central Japan. Water Air Soil Pollution 200:253-265, doi:10.1007/s11270-008-9909-3.
  • Mills, R.B., Paterson, A.M., Lean, D.R.S., Smol, J.P., Mierle, G. and Blais, J.M. 2009. Dissecting the spatial scales of mercury accumulation in Ontario Lake sediment. Environmental Pollution 157:2949-2956.
  • Prestbo, E. and Gay, D. 2009. Wet deposition of mercury in the U.S. and Canada, 1996-2005: Results and analysis of the NADP mercury deposition network (MDN). Atmospheric Environment 43:4223-4233.
  • Rapport, D.J., Gaudet, C., Karr, J.R., Baron, J.S., Bohlen, C., Jackson, W., Jones, B., Naiman, R.J., Norton, B. and Pollock, M.M. 2009. Evaluating landscape health: Intergrating societal goals and biophysical processes. Journal of Environmental Management. (In Press).
  • Monson, B.A. 2009. Trend reversal of mercury concentrations in Piscivorous fish from Minnesota lakes: 1982-2006. Environmental Science and Technology 43:1750-1755.
  • Nanus, L., Williams, M.W., Campbell, D.H., Tonnessen, K.A., Blett, T. and Clow, D.W. 2009. Assessment of lake sensitivity to acidic deposition in national parks of the Rocky Mountains. Ecological Applications 19(4):961-973.
  • Ross, D.S., Wemple, B.C., Jamison, A.E., Fredriksen, G., Shanley, J.B., Lawrence, G.B., Bailey, S.W. and Campbell, J.L. 2009. A cross-site comparison of factors influencing soil nitrification rates in northeastern USA forested watersheds. Ecosystems 12:158-178, doi:10.1007/s10021-008-9214-4.
  • Ruiz-Cardenas, R., Ferreira, M.A.R. and Schmidt, A.M. 2009. Stochastic search algorithms for optimal design of monitoring networks. Environmetrics online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com), doi:10.1002/env.989d.
  • Schwede, D.B., Dennis, R.L. and Bitz, M.A. 2009. The watershed deposition tool: A tool for incorporating atmospheric deposition in water-quality analyses. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 45(4):973-985, doi:10.1111 / j.1752-1688.2009.00340.x.
  • Sickles, J.E., Shadwick, D.S., Kilaru, J.V. and Grimm, J.W. 2009. Errors in representing regional acid deposition with spatially sparse monitoring: Case studies of the eastern U.S. using model predictions. Atmospheric Environment 43:2855-2861.
  • Baron, J.S., Schmidt, T.W. and Hartman, M.D. 2009. Climate-induced changes in high elevation stream nitrate dynamics. Global Change Biology 15:1777-1789.
  • Altieri, K.E., Turpin, B.J. and Seitzinger, S.P. 2009. Oligomers, organosulfates, and nitrooxy organosulfates in rainwater identified by ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9:2533-2542. Available at: www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/2533/2009/.
  • Allen, G., Burns, D.A., Negra, C. and Thurston, G.D. 2009. Indicator measurements for assessing the impacts of anthropogenic air pollutants on human health and ecosystems. EM Magazine, Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA. (In Press).
  • Barnes, C.W., Szabo, L.J. and Bowersox, V.C. 2009. Identifying and quantifying Phakopsora pachyrhizi spores in rain. Phytopathology 99:328-338.
  • Baldigo, B.P., Lawrence, G.B., Bode, R.W., Simonin, H.A., Roy, K.M. and Smith, A.J. 2009. Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA. Ecological Indicators 9:226-239.
  • Bohlke, J.K. and Michel, R.L. 2009. Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA. Science of the Total Environment 407:4363-4377.
  • Bullock Jr., O.R., Atkinson, D., Braverman, T., Civerolo, K., Dastoor, A., Davignon, D., Ku, J., Lohman, K., Myers, T.C., Park, R.J., Seigneur, C., Selin, N.E., Sistla, G. and Vijayaraghavan, K. 2009. An analysis of simulated wet deposition of mercury from the North American Mercury Model Intercomparison Study. Journal of Geophysical Research 114: D08301, doi:10.1029/2008JD011224.
  • Burns, D., Boyer, E.W., Elliott, E.M. and Kendall, C. 2009. Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis. Journal of Environmental Quality 38:1149-1159, doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0371.
  • Chapra, S.C., Dove, A. and Rockwell, D.C. 2009. Great Lakes chloride trends: Long-term mass balance and loading analysis. Journal of Great Lakes Research 35:272-284.
  • Elliott, E.M., Kendall, C., Boyer, E.W., Burns, D.A., Lear, G., Golden, H.E., Harlin, K., Bytnerowicz, A., Butler, T.J. and Glatz, R. 2009. Dual nitrate isotopes in actively and passively collected dry deposition: Utility for partioning NOx sources, understanding reaction pathways, and comparisons with isotopes in wet deposition. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. (In Press).
  • Goddard, M.A., Mikhailova, E.A., Posta, C.J., Schlautman, M.A. and Galbraith, J.M. 2009. Continental United States atmospheric wet calcium deposition and soil inorganic carbon stocks. Soil Science Society of America Journal 73:989-994, doi:10.2136/sssaj2008.0004.
  • Goldstein, C.L., Williard, K.W.J. and Schoonover, J.E. 2009. Impact of an invasive exotic species on stream nitrogen levels in southern Illinois. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 45(3): 664-672.
  • Chen, Y. and Lin, L-S. 2009. Responses of streams in central Appalachian Mountain region to reduced acidic deposition - Comparisons with other regions in North America and Europe. Science of the Total Environment 407:2285-2295.
  • Clair, T.C. and Burns, D.A. 2009. Ecosystem effects of air pollutants. In NARSTO multi-pollutant air quality management assessment. Edited by G. Hidy, K. Demerjian, and W. Pennell. (In Press).
  • Cohen, M.J., Lamsa, S., Osborne, T.Z., Bonzongo, J.C.J., Newman, S. and Reddy, K.R. 2009. Soil total mercury concentrations across the Greater Everglades. Soil Science Society of America Journal 73:675-685, doi:10.2136/sssaj2008.0126.
  • Dutt, U., Nelson, P.F., Morrison, A.L. and Strezov, V. 2009. Mercury wet deposition and coal-fired power station contributions: An Australian study. Fuel Processing Technology doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.06.019.
  • Goodale, C.L., Thomas, S.A., Fredriksen, G., Elliott, E.M., Flinn, K.M., Butler, T.J. and Walter, M.T. 2009. Unusual seasonal patterns and inferred processes of nitrogen retention in forested headwaters of the Upper Susquehanna River. Biogeochemistry 93:197-218, doi:10.1007/s10533-009-9298-8.
  • Guentzel, J.L. 2009. Wetland influences on mercury transport and bioaccumulation in South Carolina. Science of the Total Environment 407:1344-1353, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.09.030.
  • Halpern, B.S., Kappel, C.V., Selkoe, K.A., Micheli, F., Ebert, C.M., Kontgis, C., Crain, C.M., Martone, R.G., Shearer, C. and Teck, S.J. 2009. Mapping cumulative human impacts to California: Current marine ecosystems. Conservation Letters 2:138-148.
  • Hicks, B.B. 2009. Acid rain: Readable at last, a review. BioScience 59:88-89, doi:10.1525/bio.2009.59.1.14.
  • Huang, D., Xu, Y., Peng, P., Zhang, H. and Lan, J. 2009. Chemical composition and seasonal variation of acid deposition in Guangzhou, South China: Comparison with precipitation in other major Chinese cities. Environmental Pollution 157:35-41.
  • Inamdar, S., Rupp, J. and Mitchell, M. 2009. Groundwater flushing of solutes at wetland and hillslope positions during storm events in a small glaciated catchment in western New York, USA. Atmospheric Environment 43:4070-4077.
  • Kelly, J.L. 2009. Cap-and-trade for climate change policy: Lessons learned from emissions trading in the U.S. and the U.K. Connecticut College Economics Honors Papers, posted at DigitalCommons@Connecticut College.
  • Jensen, S.S., Larson, T., Deepti, K.C. and Kaufman, J.D. 2009. Modeling traffic air pollution in street canyons in New York City for intra-urban exposure assessment in the U.S. Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis and air pollution. Atmospheric Environment 43:4544-4556, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.042.
  • Liang, Y., Lin, T., Hwong, J., Lin, N. and Wang, C. 2009. Fog and precipitation chemistry at a Mid-Land Forest in Central Taiwan. Journal of Environmental Quality 38:627-636, doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0410.
  • Sigler, J.M., Mao, H., Sive, B.C. and Talbot, R. 2009. Oceanic influence on atmospheric mercury at coastal and inland sites: A springtime noreaster in New England. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discuss 9:8737-8755. Available at: www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/8737/2009/.
  • Sjostrom, D.J. and Welker, J.M. 2009. The influence of air mass source on the seasonal isotopic composition of precipitation, eastern USA. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 102:103-112.
  • Sobota, D.J., Harrison, J.A. and Dahlgren, R.A. 2009. Influences of climate, hydrology, and land use on input and export of nitrogen in California watersheds. Biogeochemistry 94:43-62.
  • Suchanek, T.H., Cooke, J., Keller, K., Jorgensen, S., Richerson, P.J., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Harner, E.J. and Adam, D.P. 2009. A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California. Water Air Soil Pollution 196:51-73, doi:10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1.
  • Van Metre, P.C. and Fuller, C.C. 2009. Dual-core mass-balance approach for evaluating mercury and 210Pb atmospheric fallout and focusing to lakes. Environmental Science Technology 43:26-32.
  • Watras, C.J., Morrison, K.A., Rubsam, J.L. and Rodger, B. 2009. Atmospheric mercury cycles in northern Wisconsin. Atmospheric Environment 43:4070-4077.
  • Wang, H. and Wang, J. 2009. Estimation of the trend function for spatio-temporal models. Journal of Nonparametric Statistics 21(5):567-588. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485250902783608.
  • Weiss-Penzias, P., Gustin, M.S. and Lyman, S.N. 2009. Observations of speciated atmospheric mercury at three sites in Nevada: Evidence for a free tropospheric source of reactive gaseous mercury. Journal of Geophysical Research 114, D14302, doi:10.1029/2008JD011607.
  • Werdin-Pfisterer, N.R., Kielland, K. and Boone, R.D. 2009. Soil amino acid composition across a boreal forest successional sequence. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41:1210-1220.
  • Wetherbee, G.A., Shaw, M.J., Latysh, N.E., Lehmann, C.M. and Rothert, J.E. 2009. Comparison of precipitation chemistry measurements obtained by the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network and National Atmospheric Deposition Program for the period 1995-2004. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, doi:10.1007/s10661-009-0879-8.
  • Wetherbee, G.A., Latysh, N.E., Greene, S.M. and Chesney, T. 2009. U.S. Geological Survey External Quality-Assurance Program Results Reported to the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/ National Trends Network and Mercury Deposition Network for 2005-06. NADP Quality Assurance Report 2009-01, Illinois State Water Survey Data/Case Study 2009-01, Champaign, IL.
  • Witt, E.L., Kolka, R.K., Nater, E.A. and Wickman, T.R. 2009. Influence of the forest canopy on total and methyl mercury deposition in the Boreal Forest. Water Air Soil Pollution 199:3-11, doi:10.1007/s11270-008-9854-1.
  • Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W.F., Eber, D.D., Smith, D.B., Kilburn, J.E., Horton, J.D., Garrett, R.G. and Klassen, R.A. 2009. Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: Results from two transects across the United States and Canada. Applied Geochemistry 24:1369-1381.
  • Yadav, V. and Malanson, G.P. 2009. Modeling impacts of erosion and deposition on soil organic carbon in the Big Creek Basin of southern Illinois. Geomorphology 106:304-314.
  • Lepak, J.M., Shayler, H.A., Kraft, C.E. and Knuth, B.A. 2009. Mercury contamination in sport fish in the northeastern United States: Considerations for future data collection. Bioscience 59(2)174-181, doi:10.1525/bio.2009.59.2.10.