Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Analysis was provided to onion growers in Texas and other states for quality control of pungency. The results determining whether chlorogenic acid or quercetin consumed at levels representative of those found in stone fruits will suppress inflammation of colitis in a rat model will be presented at the Experimental Biology meetings in November 2010 as well as an invited talk at a conference in Cartagena Colombia. Results of the study to determine the synergestic effect of limonoids and curcumin on colon cancer cell proliferation and the mechanism of action were useful in submitting research proposals to NIH Botanical Center and Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas. The results were also presented at the AACR Intl Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research. This research was featured news by the NPI Center in 2009. It was determined that the phenolic extracts from peach and plum were capable of disrupting the inflammation mechanism and confirmed that these phenolic extracts had good antioxidant capacity. These results were presented at the Intl Food Technology and Experimental Biology Conferences. Two press releases by Texas AgriLife Ag Communications generated public media stories. The result of a clinical study demonstrates that drinking 20 oz of orange juice has no effect on the lipid panel, blood pressure, inflammatory markers or the metabolic hormones. The potential benefits of drinking orange juice on lowering cardiovascular risk factors could have been demonstrated if comprehensive dietary & lifestyle changes would have been part of the study or the increase in the plasma antioxidant status protects cardiovascular against reactive oxygen species independent of lipid panels, blood pressure and cardiovascular inflammatory risk markers. Time course real-time PCR analysis of various transgenic lines containing CBF3 and PAP1 was conducted. The results indicated that the cold-induction system effectively activated anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway whereas cold treatment itself induced flavonol biosynthesis pathway genes independent of the three-component system. Gene expression data indicated that induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway persisted until plants start to senesce after 3 weeks of cold treatment. This research was presented at the Am. Soc of Plant Biologists and Intl Plant Molecular Biology Conferences. Preliminary data was used in an NSF proposal. Plasma low-density lipoprotein was prepared from human plasma and pecan extract was added along with a known quantity of LDL and CuSO4 (oxidant). These metabolites presented no cytotoxic effects in preadipocytes and no alterations on cell proliferation. Effects of the inhibition of differentiation by the addition of these compounds were not significant in the short- or long-term in an anti-obesity in vitro model. The research was presented at the Texas Pecan Growers Assn conference, Texas Pecan Short Course and other grower-oriented activities. Data was used to prepare proposals to USDA NIFA SCRI and Texas Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop RFP. PARTICIPANTS: Project Director: Bhimanagouda S. Patil, Professor, VFIC, Collaborators: David Byrne (Professor, Horticultural Sciences, Farzad Deyhim; Kil Sun Yoo; Eun Jin Lee; GK Jayaprakasha- Isolation and purification of compounds Post Doc Research Associates: Haejeen Bang, molecular genetics; KNC Murthy-Biological activity Graduate Research Assistants: Ms. Rachel Stehm; Ana Gabriela Ortiz Quezada; Emily Townsend; Shahrzad Foroudi; Murli Manohar; Yue Feng Five undergraduate students who assisted with processing research materials and general lab protocols Partner Organizations: Texas Pecan Growers Association, Texas Pecan Board, Salopek Foundation, California Tree Fruit Agreement, Baylor College of Medicine, General Mills TARGET AUDIENCES: Thus far, this information has been communicated to the scientific and food industry communities via presentations at the AgriLife Research Conference, the International Food Technology conference, American Chemical Society, American Society for Horticultural Sciences and the Experimental Biology Conferences. The target audience for the juice clinical trial is the Hispanic community in the South Texas. Results from the present research have been included in teaching undergraduate and graduate students about the health promoting properties of pecans, fruits, and vegetables. Additionally, results were presented directly to producers and handlers during short courses, field days, and growers meetings. Onion producers in Texas and other states Scientists specializing in flavor research PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
An HPLC and column chromatography system was developed using to separate and purify the amino acid & flavor precursor compounds of pink pigments in onion which are related to onion pungency. In another study, an indicator of colon cancer disease status is the dry matter content of the fecal material as colitis causes diarrhea. Initial data analysis indicate significant individual animal variation which will require advanced statistical analysis. Initial observations show that diets containing quercetin resulted in a decrease in dry matter content compared to the control and chlorogenic acid diets when the animals were treated with DSS to induce colitis. Performed pathology analysis of the tissues to determine both the inflammation score and injury score. Both control and DSS-treated rats demonstrated no differences in the inflammation score among diets. The injury score was marginally higher in the rats not treated with DSS & consuming the control diet relative to those consuming the quercetin and chlorogenic acid diets. Those rats treated with DSS had an increase in injury score such that there were no differences among diets. Performed MS analysis to determine the quantity of quercetin and chlorogenic acid in the fecal material. Quercetin concentration was increased in the distal colon which corresponds to the reduction in mass caused with microbial fermentation. It demonstrates that quercetin is present throughout the colon meaning it will have the opportunity to influence the entire tissue. Studies on the effect of limonoids & curcumin on inhibition of human colon cancer cells demonstrated that both compounds act synergistically to inhibit the cancer cells. Further results were confirmed through inhibition of programmed cell death by both compounds & inhibition of transcription factor by curcumin. Fluorescent tagging cells treated w/individual compounds and/or combination confirm the synergism. Inflammation and oxidative stress are components of Metabolic Syndrome and the leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vascular disorders are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Data suggests that polyphenolics found in peach and plum fruit assist in suppressing the oxidative & inflammatory processes involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. A clinical study demonstrates that drinking orange juice positively impacts the antioxidant status in the blood. Improving antioxidant status improves cardiovascular system independent of the plasma cholesterol & triglyceride concentration. Investigations demonstrated for the first time that cold inducible gene-expression system successfully activated flavonoid biosynthetic genes after cold-treatment & determined its effective durations. Watermelon PSYC was subcloned. Transformation was performed to determine transformation and regeneration efficiency using Rio Red and Duncan with PSYC construct. Histochemical GUS assay was completed using part of leaf from regenerated shoot. Transformation efficiency did not appear low based on the assay as compared to previous studies. Rooting was not successful.
Publications
- Chidambara Murthy, KN., Jayaprakasha GK and Patil BS (2009). Limonin and its glucoside from citrus can inhibit colon cancer: evidence from in- vitro studies. Acta Horticulture. 841, 145-150.
- Feng, Y.. Kang, J. S., Kim, S., Yun, D. J., Lee, S. Y., Bahk, J. D., Koiwa, H. (2010) Arabidopsis SCP1-like small phosphatases differentially dephosphorylate RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 397, 355-360
- Haeweker, H., Rips, S. Koiwa, H., Salomon, S., Saijo, Y., Chinchilla, D., Robatzek, S., and von Schaewen, A. (2010) Pattern recognition receptors require N-glycosylation to mediate plant immunity, J. Biol. Chem 285, 4629-4636
- Han, J-S, Park S, Shigaki T, Hirschi KD, Kim CK. Improved watermelon quality using bottle grourd rootstock expressing a Ca2+/H+ antiporter. Mol Breeding, 2010, 24(3):201-211.
- Hirschi, KD. Nutrient biofortification of food crops. In: Annual Reviews of Nutrition. Eds.: Cousins R, Bier D, Bowman B, Dean L. Publishers: Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, California, U.S.A., Vol. 29, p. 401-421, 2009.
- Kajiura, H., Koiwa, H., Nakazawa, Y., Okazawa, A., Kobayashi, A., Seki, T., and Fujiyama, K. (2009) Two Arabidopsis thaliana Golgi a-mannosidases I are responsible for plant N-glycan maturation. Glycobiology 20, 235-47
- Leonardi, T., J. Vanamala, S.S. Taddeo, L.A. Davidson, M.E. Murphy, B.S. Patil, N. Wang, R.J. Carroll, R.S. Chapkin, J.R. Lupton, and N.D. Turner. 2010. Apigenin and naringenin suppress colon carcinogenesis through the aberrant crypt stage in azoxymethane-treated rats. Experimental Biology and Medicine 235:710-717. PMCID 2885760.
- Li, L., Cheng, N-H., Hirschi, KD., Wang, X. Structure of Arabidopsis chloroplastic monothiol glutaredoxin AtGRXcp. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2010, 66(Pt 6):725-732.
- Manohar, M., Mei, H., Franklin, AJ., Sweet, EM., Shigaki T, Riley BB, MacDiarmid CW, Hirschi KD. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) endomembrane antiporter similar to a yeast cation/H+ transporter is required for neural crest development. Biochemistry, 2010, 49(31), pp 6557-6566.
- Mei, H., Cheng, N-H., Zhao J, Park S, Escolade R, Pittman J, Hirschi KD. Root development under metal stress in Arabidopsis thaliana requires the H+/cation antiporter CAX4. New Phytol., 2009, 183(1):95-105.
- Mei, H., Shigaki, T., Hirschi KD. Yeast as a tool for plant Ca2+ transporter research. Current Topics in Plant Biology-Research Trends, 2009, 9:79-86.
- Noratto, G., W. Porter, D. H. Byrne, and L. Cisneros-Zevallos. 2009. Identifying peach and plum polyphenols with chemopreventative potential against estrogen-independent breast cancer cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57:5219-5226.
- Patil JR, Chidambara Murthy KN, Jayaprakasha GK, Chetti MB and Patil BS (2009) Bioactive compounds from Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juice induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cells. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 57(22), 10933-10942.
- Patil JR, Jayaprakasha GK, Chidambara Murthy KN, Shane E. Tichy, Mahadev B. Chetti, Bhimanagouda S. Patil (2009) Apoptosis-mediated proliferation inhibition of human colon cancer cells by volatile principles of Citrus aurantifolia. Food Chemistry, 114, (4), 1351-1358.
- Patil, BS., Jayaprakasha GK, Chidambara Murthy KN and Amit Vikram (2009). Bioactive Compounds: Historical Perspectives, Opportunities, and Challenges J. Agric. Food Chem., 57 (18), 8142-8160.
- Paulhill, K.J., S.S. Taddeo, L.A. Davidson, R.J. Carroll, R.S. Chapkin, J.R. Lupton, and N.D. Turner. 2009. Dietary lipid source alters quercetin effects on antioxidant enzyme/phase I and II gene expression in rat colon. FASEB J. 23:897.5.
- Turner, N.D., K.J. Paulhill, C.A. Warren, R.J. Carroll, N. Wang, L.A. Davidson, R.S. Chapkin, and J.R. Lupton. 2009. Quercetin suppresses early colon carcinogenesis partly through inhibition of inflammatory mediators. Acta Horticulturae 841:237-241.
- Vizzotto, M., L. Cisneros, W. R. Okie, D. W. Ramming, and D. H. Byrne. 2007. Large variation found in the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of peach and plum germplasm. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 132: 334-340
- Warren, C.A., K.J. Paulhill, L.A. Davidson, J.R. Lupton, S.S. Taddeo, M.Y. Hong, R.J. Carroll, R.S. Chapkin, and N.D. Turner. 2009. Quercetin may suppress rat aberrant crypt foci formation by suppressing inflammatory mediators that influence proliferation and apoptosis. J. Nutr. 139:101-105. (Data has been included in the NIEHS Comparative Toxicogenomics Database).
- Zhao, J., Connorton JM, Guo Y-Q, Li X, Shigaki T, Hirschi KD, Pittman JK. Functional studies of split Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ exchangers. J Biol Chem. 2009, 284(49): 34075-34083.
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Progress 09/01/08 to 08/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The significant outputs include presentations generated from the research by the interdisciplinary scientists. These oral and poster presentations summarized the data and International presentations were given at Int'l Pepper Conference, Int'l Symposium on artichoke, Int'l Citrus Congress, Int'l Symp on Seed Transplant Stand Establishment, Int'l Soc for Magnetic Resonance Medicine, Verdifresh and IVIA, University of Cordoba, Int'l Insect Science Symp., Inst of Tropical & Subtropical Ecology, Seoul National University. National conferences included Experimental Biology, Amer Soc for Hort Sci, Amer Chemical Soc, IFT, Amer Assoc of Family and Consumer Sciences, Entomological Soc of America, Journal of Biological Chemistry, National Science Foundation, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Nat'l Inst of Hort and Herbal Science. Presentations were made at the following State and regional meetings VFIC Conference, Nutritional Sciences Conferences at Texas A&M and the Univ. of Arizona, New Mexico Chile Commission, Vida Breast Cancer Educational Series, Texas Pecan Growers Conference. Held in conjunction with the Texas Produce Convention, the VFIC Conference was focused on the consumer and had a round-table discussion with 7 leaders in the produce industry as panelists (http://vfic.tamu.edu/2009vficconference/home.htm). The scientists also had field days in Amarillo, Uvalde and Weslaco with representatives from seed companies, produce growers and extension specialists to present new developments in the melon and pepper breeding programs. Graduate students have included the results in thesis and dissertations. Technical and popular articles have highlighted the research efforts. Two notable articles appeared in Scientist-2009 and C&EN News-2008. PARTICIPANTS: PD Bhimanagouda Patil Investigators G.K. Jayaprakasha, Research Assistant Professor Jaiprakash R. Patil (visiting scientist) Kil Sun Yoo, Research Associate Professor Eun Jin Lee, Visiting Scientist Technical Support Meenu Vikram (Research Associate) Juan Esquivel (Technician) Juan Gonzalez (Technician) Andres Cerda (Technician I) Alfredo Rodriguez (Ag technician 2) Graduate Research Assistants Murli Manohar Fengguang Guo Yong Hun Chi Ram M. Uckoo Togo Shinohara Daniel Jacobo Kranthi Kumar Chebrolu Yan Ren Amy Butalla Ana Gabriela Ortiz Quezada Shinsuke Agehara Justin Butcher Partner Organizations: Texas Pecan Growers Association Texas Pecan Board Salopek Foundation Susan G. Komen Foundation The Arizona Cancer Center University of Arizona Nutritional Science Department Texas A&M University-Kingsville University of Houston-Victoria Collaborators: Gene Lester, PhD. Research Plant Physiologist, Don Makus, PhD. Research Agronomist Mr. Fred Schuster, Schuster Farms, San Juan, TX Mr. Jimmy Bassetti, J&D Produce., Edinburg, TX Mr Dennis Holbrook, SouthTex Organics, Mission, Texas Soon Park, PhD. Associate Research Scientist Arturo Jurado, Bill Aivazis, Lark Seed Richard Fery, David Ritchie, Genhua Niu TARGET AUDIENCES: Lectures have been presented at local High Schools and in Washington D.C to highlight the work we are doing at the VFIC. This research was also used by college students seeking bachelor degrees, master of science degrees or Ph.D. in horticulture, nutrition, or food science in formal education programs. Presentations (oral and poster) were presented to peers at scientific conferences. Growers, processing industry, shippers, fertilizer companies, consumers, health practitioners, retailers, and Texas nurseries personnel also attended conferences, field days, short courses, and other informational presentations (informal). PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The Foods for Health investigations range from plant through human clinical trials. Several melon cultivars have generated interest from Texas growers & seed companies for commercialization. A modified genetic transformation protocol resulted in transgenic plants of elite western shipper & honeydew lines. Plastic mulch increased artichoke yields & water use efficiency as compared to bare-soil. Growers from diverse eco-regions in Texas evaluated several artichoke varieties under their specific production practices. With positive production & economic results, the number of growers should increase. Onion studies showed a higher marketable yield & other positive trends when slow release N fertilizer applied through drip systems as compared to urea ammonium nitrate. After the spinach harvest & regrowth period, soil available N was higher when slow release N fertilizer was applied compared to UAN. Developing an analytical tool for the routine analysis of amines & organic acids content in citrus species to improve quality control and enhance citrus marketability. Another project will improve the ability to screen functional foods for multiple bioactive compounds. Growers, shippers & retailers will have data on the long-term storage effects on grapefruit quality & the concentration of bioactive compounds. Work continues to isolate & purify onion flavor precursors. Results indicate that many amino acids were involved and these compounds could initially produce several pigments. An HPLC method was developed to separate the compounds. Pecan research revealed major differences among cultivars' antioxidant capacity profile, phenolics & condensed tannins. Health benefit assays will begin to increase knowledge on the effect of the identified tannins extracts on human adipose cells. Research to discover enzymes that specifically degrade furanocoumarins can potentially provide a solution to the drug-interference problem associated with consumption of grapefruit and grapefruit juice. Results from an in vivo study suggest that dietary lipids and curcumin interact to regulate mucosal homeostasis and the resolution of chronic inflammation in the colon. Another study indicates the treatment of tumor-bearing mice with limonin was well tolerated. Initial findings from the first cohort demonstrated that mean total plasma carotenoids post-feeding reached levels previously shown to be protective against breast cancer recurrence. Therefore, daily consumption of 8 fluid ounces of carrot juice may represent an effective & simple dietary strategy to modify plasma carotenoid concentrations in breast cancer survivors. Results from the 1st cohort did not demonstrate a significant change in inflammatory or oxidative stress biomarkers; however, examination by carrot type (purple vs orange) revealed a significant reduction in one inflammatory biomarker of breast cancer survivors. Adult participants with elevated plasma cholesterol & triglycerides consumed carrot juice for 90 days. The results indicate that blood pressure is lowered & the antioxidant status was improved.
Publications
- Q. Jia, J.R. Lupton, R. Smith, B. Weeks, E. Callaway, L.A. Davidson, W. Kim, Y.Y. Fan, P. Yang, R. Newman, J. Kang, D.N. McMurray and R.S. Chapkin. 2008. Reduced colitis-associated colon cancer in Fat-1 (n-3 fatty acid desaturase) transgenic mice. Cancer Research 68:3985-3991.
- W. Kim, Y.Y. Fan, R. Smith, B. Patil, G.K. Jayaprahasha, D.N. McMurray and R.S. Chapkin. 2009. Dietary curcumin and limonin suppress CD4+ T-cell proliferation and interleukin-2 production. Journal of Nutrition 139:1042-1048.
- Bae, H., Jayaprakasha, G.K. and Patil, B.S., Jifon, J. 2009. Late-Season Sour Orange Seeds: Major Source of Deacetylnomilin, Acta Horticulture, 841, 471-473.
- Mandadi, K.K.; Ramirez, M.; Faraji, B.; Jayaprakasha, G.K.; Lihono, M.; Deyhim, F. Patil, B.S. 2009. Citrus bioactive compounds improve bone quality in orchidectomized rats, Phytomedicine, 16, 513-520.
- Kang, C.H., Feng, Y., Vikram, M., Jeong, I.S., Lee, J.R., Bahk, J.D., Yun, D.J., Lee, S.Y., and Koiwa, H. (2009) Arabidopsis thaliana PRP40s are RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain-associating proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 484, 30-38.
- Barkla BJ, Hirschi KD, Pittman JK. 2008. Exchangers man the pumps: Functional interplay between proton pumps and proton-coupled Ca2+ exchangers. Plant Signaling & Behav., 3(5): 354-356.
- Morris J, Tian H, Park S, Sreevidya CS, Ward JM, Hirschi KD. 2008. AtCCX3 is an Arabidopsis endomembrane H+-dependent K+ transporter. Plant Physiol., 148(3): 1474-1486.
- Zhao J, Cheng N-H, Motes CM, Blancaflor EB, Moore M, Gonzales N, Padmanaban S, Sze H, Ward JM, Hirschi KD. 2008. AtCHX13 is a plasma membrane K+ transporter. Plant Physiol., 148(2): 796-807.
- Hawthorne KM, Morris J, Hotze T, Hirschi KD, Abrams SA. 2009. Biotechnologically-modified carrots: Calcium absorption relative to milk. J Bioequivalence Bioavailability, 1(1): 34-38.
- Korenkov V, King B, Hirschi KD, Wagner GJ. 2009. Root-selective expression of AtCAX4 and AtCAX2 results in reduced lamina cadmium in field-grown Nicotiana tabacum L. Plant Biotechnol J., 7(3): 219-226.
- Mei H, Cheng N-H, Zhao J, Park S, Escolade R, Pittman J, Hirschi KD. 2009. Root development under metal stress in Arabidopsis thaliana requires the H+/cation antiporter CAX4. New Phytol., 183(1): 95-105.
- Park S, Elless MP, Park J, Jenkins A, Lim W, Chambers IV E, Hirschi KD. 2009. Sensory analysis of calcium-biofortified lettuce. Plant Biotechnol J., 7(1): 106-117.
- Zhao J, Shigaki T, Mei H, Guo Y-Q, Cheng N-H, Hirschi KD. 2009. Interaction between Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ exchangers CAX1 and CAX3. J Biol Chem., 284(7): 4605-4615.
- Ahn, J-E. and K. Zhu-Salzman. 2009. CmCatD, a cathepsin D-like protease has a potential role in insect defense against a phytocystatin. J. Insect Physiol. 55: 678-685.
- Chi, Y.H., R.A. Salzman, S. Balfe, J-E. Ahn, W. Sun, J. Moon, D-J. Yun, S.Y. Lee, T.J.V. Higgins, B. Pittendrigh, L.L. Murdock and K. Zhu-Salzman. 2009. Cowpea bruchid midgut transcriptome response to a soybean cystatin costs and benefits of counter-defense. Insect Mol. Biol. 18: 97-110.
- Zhu-Salzman, K. and R.S. Zeng. 2008. Molecular mechanisms of insect adaptation to plant defense lessons learned from a bruchid beetle. Insect Sci. 15: 477-481.
- Jaiprakash R., G.K. Jayaprakasha, K. N. Chidambara Murthy, Shane E.Tichy, Mahadev B. Chetti, Bhimanagouda S. Patil. 2009. Antiproliferative activity of volatile oil isolated from Citrus aurantifolia in human colon cancer cells, Food Chemistry, 114, 1351-1358.
- Kotamballi, N Chidambara Murthy, G.K. Jayaprakasha and Bhimanagouda S Patil. 2009. Limonin and its glucoside from citrus can inhibit colon cancer: evidence from in- vitro studies Acta Horticulture, 841, 145-151.
- Chebrolu, K., Jayaprakasha, G.K., John Jifon and Bhimanagouda. S. Patil. 2009. A rapid technique for simultaneous quantification of naringin, hesperidin and narirutin in citrus juice, Acta Horticulture, 841, 487-490.
- Girennavar, B, Jayaprakasha G. K, Simpkins, Sara E., Pillai, Suresh, Yoo, Kil Sun and Patil, B.S. 2008. Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on Bioactive Compounds in Grapefruits (Citrus paradisi Macf.), J. Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 56, 10941-10946.
- Girennavar, B, Jayaprakasha G. K., and Patil, B.S. 2009. Influence of pre- and post- harvest factors and processing on the levels of furocoumarins in grapefruits (Citrus paradisi Macf.), Food Chemistry, 111, 387-392.
- Girennavar, B.; Martha L. C.; Vikram, A.; Palmy, J.; Jayaprakasha G. K.; Pillai, S.D., and Patil, B.S. 2008. Grapefruit juice and its furocoumarins inhibits autoinducer signaling, growth and biofilm formation in bacteria, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 125, 204-208.
- Piccinni, G., Ko, J., Marek, T. and D.I. Leskovar. 2009. Crop coefficients specific to multiple phenological stages for evapotranspiration-based irrigation management of onion and spinach. HortScience 44:421-425.
- Leskovar, D.I., K. Crosby and J.L. Jifon. 2009. Impact of agronomic practices on phytochemicals and quality of vegetable crops. Acta Horticulturae 841, 317-322.
- Somasundaram S., K Pearce, R. Gunasekera, G.K Jayaprakasha and Bhimanagouda S. Patil. 2009. Differential phosphorylations of constitutive NfkB Ser 468/536 by limonoids and cell growth of MDA-MB 231 huam breast cancer cell line. Acta Hort 841:151-154.
- Heredia B and Cisneros-Zevallos L. 2009. The effect of exogenous ethylene and methyl jasmonate on the accumulationof phenolic antioxidants in selected whole and wounded fresh produce. Food Chem. 115: 1500-1508.
- Heredia B and Cisneros-Zevallos L. 2009. The effect of exogenous ethylene and methyl jasmonate on PAL activity, phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity of carrots (Daucus carota L.) under different wounding intensities. Postharvest Biology & Technology, 51: 242-249.
- Perez, Jose Luis, G. K. Jayaprakasha, Violeta Valdivia, Diana Munoz, Deepak V. Dandekar, Hassan Ahmad and Bhimanagouda S. Patil. 2009. Limonin methoxylation Influences Induction of Glutathione S-Transferase and Quinone Reductase, J. Agric. Food Chemistry, 57, 5279-5286.
- Chebrolu, K., G.K. Jayaprakasha, J.L. Jifon, and B.S. Patil. 2009. Simultaneous quantification of naringin, hesperidin and narirutin in citrus juice. Acta Hort 841:487-490.
- Jifon J.L. and G.E. Lester. 2009. Foliar potassium fertilization improves fruit quality of field-grown muskmelon on calcareous soils in south Texas. J. Sci Food and Agr. 89: 2452-2460.
- Jifon, J.L., Lester G.E., Crosby K.M., and Leskovar D.I. 2009. Improving the Quality Attributes of Melons through Modified Mineral Nutrition. Acta Hort. 841:537-540.
- Lester, G.E., Jifon J.L., and Crosby K.M. 2009. Superoxide dismutase activity in mesocarp tissue from divergent Cucumis melo L genotypes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 64:205-211.
- Park, S.O., H.Y. Hwang, and K.M. Crosby. 2009. A genetic linkage map including loci for male sterility, sugars, and ascorbic acid in melon. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 134:67-76.
- Lester, G.E, Jifon, J.L and K.M. Crosby. 2009. Superoxide dismutase activity in mesocarp tissue from divergent Cucumis melo L. genotypes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 64: 205-211.
- Crosby, K. 2009. Phenotypic variation for resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in pepper. HortSci 44(4): 1017.
- Butcher, J.D., Crosby, K., and K. Yoo. 2009. Quantifying vitamin C and flavonoid levels in a unique F2 pepper family. HortSci 44(4): 1180.
- Leskovar, D., Agehara, S., and K. Crosby. 2009. Effect of ABA rates and application frequency on growth of bell pepper and watermelon transplants. HortSci 44(4): 1020.
- Niu, G., Rodriguez, D., Crosby, K., Leskovar, D., and Jifon, J.L. 2009. Rapid screening for salt tolerance in specialty peppers. HortSci 44(4): 1021.
- Park, S., Hwang, H.Y., Lee, E.M., and K.M. Crosby. 2009. Mapping of QTL affecting ascorbic acid in ananas melon. HortSci 44(4): 1145.
- Park, S., Hwang, H.Y., and K.M. Crosby. 2009. Molecular mapping of RAPD markers and andromonoecious associated with QTL for days to harvest in ananas melon. HortSci 44(4): 1145.
- Park, S., Hwang, H.Y., Ham, I.K., and K.M. Crosby. 2009. Mapping QTL controlling ananas melon fruit net formation. HortSci 44(4): 1145.
- Jifon, J.L., Crosby, K., and D. Leskovar. 2009. Water relations, yield and fruit quality of grafted, field-grown watermelons. HortSci 44(4): 1172.
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