Progress 03/01/13 to 06/01/14
Outputs
Target Audience: This project was terminated in February 2013 and was replaced by MIS 161130 Evaluation of Forages for Pasture and Bioenergy Systems in Mississippi. Somehow it was extended to February 2016. My New Hatch Project is MIS 161030, not 161020. Changes/Problems: This project was terminated on February 28, 2013 and replaced by MIS 161130 Evaluation of Forages for Pasture and Bioenergy Systems in Mississippi What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Taught PSS 8123 Crop Ecology to 8 Graduate Students in Plant and Soil Sciences Taught PSS 4103/6103 to 32 undergradaute Students and 5 Graduate Students How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Conducted Forage and Pasture Field Days and Workshops at Mississipi State University What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
NOTE: HATCH Project 161090 David Lang, Oct 2012 to March 2013 Development and Evaluation of Forages and Pasture Systems in Mississippi was replaced by HATCH Project 161030 as of March 1, 2013. Bermudagrass grown in mixtures with red and white clover without nitrogen (N) fertilizer since 2005 had a total yield that ranged from 6000 to 8,500 kg/ha in 2012 and 2013. Only white clover cv 'Durana' remained in 2012 and contributed 2000 to 3500 kg/ha. Bermudagrass portion ranged from 2000 to 5000 kg/ha. Protein of bermudagrass harvested in September when the mixture lacked clover ranged from 12 to 15%. The importance of this study is that bermudagrass:clover combinations can be highly productive and economically efficient with little N cost. Biomass yield after seed harvest ranged from 8,000 to 18,000 kg ha-1 and varied with variety, similar to 2010 and 2011. Giant miscanthis and switchgrass were planted into existing pasture and CRP land without tillage Miscanthus plants were spaced on 2 meter centers into killed vegetation and spreading of miscanthus will be followed over 1 to 3 years. This would be similar to planting trees by hand and may allow for miscanthus to be established into existing vegetation without tillage. Miscanthus Miscanthus giganteus Cultivar 'Illinois" was developed as a bioenergy crop. Giant miscanthus was planted into existing pasture and CRP land without tillage. Plants transferred to the field by mid-July, 2011 had 96% survival into pasture as of March 2012 and 68% survival into CRP land. Miscanthus plants were spaced on 2 meter centers into killed vegetation. Spreading of miscanthus will be followed over 2 to 3 years. This would be similar to planting trees by hand and may allow for miscanthus to be established into existing vegetation without tillage. Plots were replicated three times. Diameter of the plants in March 2012 ranged from 15 to 45 cm and were 38 cm in CRP land and 56 cm into pasture by June, 2012. Plant spacing after nearly a year was 126 cm planted into pasture and 144 cm in CRP. By October, 2012 miscanthus plants had increased to 43 cm in CRP land to a diameter of 66 cm growing in pasture. Switchgrass stands were 76% as of October 2012 in CRP land and 56% established into pasture. This establishment will enable production of a bioenergy crop on marginal lands without tillage.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Duckworth, J. and D. J. Lang. 2012. Establishment of Miscanthus Into Pasture or Conservation Reserve Land. Poster Presented at the American Society of Agronomy National Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, October 21-24, 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Read, J., A. Adeli, and D. Lang. 2012. Combining Nitrogen Fertilizer with Poultry Litter in a Binary Mixture of Tall Fescue and Bermudagrass Paper Presented at the American Society of Agronomy National Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, October 21-24, 2012.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project are to: 1. Evaluate new, improved, and other forages for persistence and adaptation to subtropical climatic conditions. 2. Develop and evaluate cultural systems for weed control, soil fertility and pasture renovation, including utilization of herbicide tolerant forage species. 3. Determine the suitability native plant species for seed and biomass yield, persistence and forage quality. Persistence of novel non-toxic tall fescue (MAXQ) under grazing was found to be similar to toxic tall fescue during the first 4 years following establishment. During 2011 (year 11), however, novel non-toxic tall fescue stand weakened and were statistically less than stands of toxic tall fescue (40 % versus780 %). This indicates that long term stand persistence of novel non-toxic tall fescue needs to be considered when making recommendations to producers. Varieties of bermudagrass, bahiagrass, ryegrass, and tall fescue, were evaluated for persistence and yield. Perennial summer grass (bermudagrass and bahiagrass) yield ranged from 6,000 to 10,000 kg/ha in 2011. Seeded bermudagrass yield ranged from 5,000 to 8,000 kg/ha. Bermudagrass grown in mixtures with red and white clover without nitrogen (N) fertilizer since 2005 had a total yield that ranged from 6000 to 8,500 kg/ha in 2011. Only white clover cv Durana remained in 2009 and contributed 2000 to 3500 kg/ha. Bermudagrass portion ranged from 2000 to 5000 kg/ha. Protein of bermudagrass harvested in September when the mixture lacked clover ranged from 12 to 15%. The importance of this study is that bermudagrass:clover combinations can be highly productive and economically efficient with little N cost. Biomass yield data was collected from 9 varieties of switchgrass planted in 2006 in November, 2010 and February, 2011. Biomass yield after seed harvest ranged from 7,000 to 17,000 kg ha-1 and varied with variety, similar to 2009. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Eight hectares of Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were established in August, 2008 on two topsoil substitute mixtures. A successful stand of switchgrass with 5-6 plants m-2 was established and was evaluated in 2009, 2010 and 2011 for survival and growth. First year switchgrass yield on red oxidized subsoil was 2100 kg ha-1 compared with 5470 kg ha-1 on prime farmland soil, without fertilizer to suppress weed competition. Durana white clover (Trifolium repns L.) was planted into standing switchgrass in November, 2009 and will serve as the sole N source in 2010. An additional 5 hectares of switchgrass were planted into red oxidized topsoil substitute in May and August, 2010 and inter-planted with white clover in November, 2010. Switchgrass yield during the second year (2010) year ranged from 5000 kg ha-1 on red oxidized soil to 10,000 kg ha-1 on prime farmland soil.
Publications
- Solomon, J, M. Bisoondat, D. Lang, Parish, J. and R. Vann. 2011. A Novel Approach to Grass-Legume Management. Crop Science 51:1865-1876.
- Lemus, R., B. Baldwin, and D. Lang. 2011. Agronomic Suitability of Bioenergy Crops in Mississippi. Mississippi State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv.
- Forage Resource CD. 2011. Grazing School Series. Compiled by Rocky Lemus. Collaborators: David Lang, Daniel Rivera, Jane Parish, and John Byrd.
- Lang, D.J., B. Shankle, J. Duckworth and V. Temu. 2011. Characterization of Alluvial Subsoil Strata as Suitable Plant Growth Material: Greenhouse Studies. IN: R.I. Barnhisel (Ed.) Proc. 2011 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation. Bismarck, ND. 28:36.
- Lang, D., J. Duckworth, B. Shankle, N. Rebecca Buell-McGraw, B. Robinson, and R. Lemus. 2011. Establishment of Switchgrass on Reclaimed Coal Mine Soil. Paper Presented at National Agronomy Society of America Meeting, Oct. 18, 2011. San Antonio, Texas. http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2011am/webprogram/Paper65151.html
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project are to: 1. Evaluate new, improved, and other forages for persistence and adaptation to subtropical climatic conditions. 2. Develop and evaluate cultural systems for weed control, soil fertility and pasture renovation, including utilization of herbicide tolerant forage species. 3. Determine the suitability native plant species for seed and biomass yield, persistence and forage quality. Persistence of novel non-toxic tall fescue (MAXQ) under grazing was found to be similar to toxic tall fescue during the first 4 years following establishment. During 2009 (year 9), however, novel non-toxic tall fescue stand weakened and were statistically less than stands of toxic tall fescue (60 % versus 80 %). This indicates that long term stand persistence of novel non-toxic tall fescue needs to be considered when making recommendations to producers. Varieties of bermudagrass, bahiagrass, ryegrass, and tall fescue, were evaluated for persistence and yield. Perennial summer grass (bermudagrass and bahiagrass) yield ranged from 8,000 to 12,000 kg/ha in 2009. Seeded bermudagrass yield ranged from 5,000 to 10,000 kg/ha. Bermudagrass grown in mixtures with red and white clover without nitrogen (N) fertilizer since 2005 had a total yield that ranged from 6000 to 8,500 kg/ha in 2009. Only white clover cv Durana remained in 2009 and contributed 2000 to 3500 kg/ha. Bermudagrass portion ranged from 2000 to 5000 kg/ha. Protein of bermudagrass harvested in September when the mixture lacked clover ranged from 12 to 15%. The importance of this study is that bermudagrass:clover combinations can be highly productive and economically efficient with little N cost. Seed yield data was collected from 9 varieties of switchgrass planted in 2006 from 1 m2 quadrats as physiological maturity occurred in September and October, 2009. Seed yield was lost in 2009 due to excessive rainfall in September and October. Biomass was harvested for yield in December and will be harvested in February 2010 following winter weathering to reduce mineral ash. Biomass yield after seed harvest ranged from 7,000 to 17,000 kg ha-1 and varied with variety, similar to 2008. Soil and subsoil strata were collected in 2.4 m intervals to a depth of 12 m from an alluvial prime farmland soil. Additional mixtures from 0 to 3, 0 to 6 and 0 to 9 m placed in field plots to determine bermudagrass productivity over a three year period. . These intervals and mixtures were evaluated in greenhouse studies to determine their suitability as topsoil replacement material. Test crops include pearl millet, soybean and ryegrass. Field plots were created in 2007 and are being evaluated for bermudagrass productivity compared with bermudagrass productivity on undisturbed soil. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Field results indicate that bermudagrass productivity in these mixtures were 80-90% as productive as bermudagrass growing on undisturbed prime farmland during the first two years of a three year study
Publications
- Lang, David, George Hawkey, Judd Sanborn, Rebecca Buell, Bill Roberson and Victor Maddox 2009. Effect of Vegetation Cover and Seasonal Drought on Loblolly Pine Survival on Reclaimed Mine Soil. IN: R.I. Barnhisel (Ed.) Proc. 2009 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation. Billings, MT, Revitalizing the Environment: Proven Solutions and Innovative Approaches 26:709-721.
- Lang, David J., Billy Johnson, Brandon Shankle and Jimmy Ray Parish. 2009. Mississippi Ryegrass Variety Trials 2006 to 2008. Mississippi Forestry and Agricultural Experiment Station Information Bulletin 450, 9 pp
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project are to: 1. Evaluate new, improved, and other forages for persistence and adaptation to subtropical climatic conditions. 2. Develop and evaluate cultural systems for weed control, soil fertility and pasture renovation, including utilization of herbicide tolerant forage species. 3. Determine the suitability native plant species for seed and biomass yield, persistence and forage quality. Persistence of novel non-toxic tall fescue (MAXQ) under grazing was found to be similar to toxic tall fescue during the first 4 years following establishment. During 2009 (year 9), however, novel non-toxic tall fescue stand weakened and were statistically less than stands of toxic tall fescue (60 % versus 80 %). This indicates that long term stand persistence of novel non-toxic tall fescue needs to be considered when making recommendations to producers. Varieties of bermudagrass, bahiagrass, ryegrass, and tall fescue, were evaluated for persistence and yield. Perennial summer grass (bermudagrass and bahiagrass) yield ranged from 8,000 to 12,000 kg/ha in 2009. Seeded bermudagrass yield ranged from 5,000 to 10,000 kg/ha. Bermudagrass grown in mixtures with red and white clover without nitrogen (N) fertilizer since 2005 had a total yield that ranged from 6000 to 8,500 kg/ha in 2009. Only white clover cv Durana remained in 2009 and contributed 2000 to 3500 kg/ha. Bermudagrass portion ranged from 2000 to 5000 kg/ha. Protein of bermudagrass harvested in September when the mixture lacked clover ranged from 12 to 15%. The importance of this study is that bermudagrass:clover combinations can be highly productive and economically efficient with little N cost. Seed yield data was collected from 9 varieties of switchgrass planted in 2006 from 1 m2 quadrats as physiological maturity occurred in September and October, 2009. Seed yield was lost in 2009 due to excessive rainfall in September and October. Biomass was harvested for yield in December and will be harvested in February 2010 following winter weathering to reduce mineral ash. Biomass yield after seed harvest ranged from 7,000 to 17,000 kg ha-1 and varied with variety, similar to 2008. Soil and subsoil strata were collected in 2.4 m intervals to a depth of 12 m from an alluvial prime farmland soil. Additional mixtures from 0 to 3, 0 to 6 and 0 to 9 m placed in field plots to determine bermudagrass productivity over a three year period. . These intervals and mixtures were evaluated in greenhouse studies to determine their suitability as topsoil replacement material. Test crops include pearl millet, soybean and ryegrass. Field plots were created in 2007 and are being evaluated for bermudagrass productivity compared with bermudagrass productivity on undisturbed soil. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Field results indicate that bermudagrass productivity in these mixtures were 80-90% as productive as bermudagrass growing on undisturbed prime farmland during the first two years of a three year study
Publications
- Lang, David, George Hawkey, Judd Sanborn, Rebecca Buell, Bill Roberson and Victor Maddox 2009. Effect of Vegetation Cover and Seasonal Drought on Loblolly Pine Survival on Reclaimed Mine Soil. IN: R.I. Barnhisel (Ed.) Proc. 2009 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation. Billings, MT, Revitalizing the Environment: Proven Solutions and Innovative Approaches 26:709-721.
- Lang, David J., Billy Johnson, Brandon Shankle and Jimmy Ray Parish. 2009. Mississippi Ryegrass Variety Trials 2006 to 2008. Mississippi Forestry and Agricultural Experiment Station Information Bulletin 450, 9 pp
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Evaluate new, improved, and other forages for persistence and adaptation to subtropical climatic conditions. Develop and evaluate cultural systems for weed control, soil fertility and pasture renovation, including utilization of herbicide tolerant forage species. Determine the suitability native plant species for seed and biomass yield, persistence and forage quality. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Persistence of novel non-toxic tall fescue (MAXQ) under grazing was found to be similar to toxic tall fescue during the first 4 years following establishment. During 2008 (year 8), however, novel non-toxic tall fescue stand weakened and were statistically less than stands of toxic tall fescue (60 % versus 80 %). This indicates that long term stand persistence of novel non-toxic tall fescue needs to be considered when making recommendations to producers. Chicory seeded into six replicated bermudagrass cultivars in October 2005 was grazed in 2007 and 2008. Persistence of chicory growing in bermudagrass declined from 80% in 2006 to 60% in 2007 to 20% in 2008. There was a strong negative influence by the least grazed bermudagrass cultivars on chicory palatability. The addition of highly palatable chicory was not able to enhance palatability of bermudagrass.Varieties of bermudagrass, bahiagrass, ryegrass, and tall fescue, were evaluated for persistence and yield. Perennial summer grass (bermudagrass and bahiagrass) yield ranged from 10,000 to 16,000 kg/ha in 2007. Seeded bermudagrass yield ranged from 7,000 to 11,000 kg/ha. Ryegrass yield ranged from 9,000 to 12,000 kg/ha over the winter of 2007-2008. Bermudagrass grown in mixtures with red and white clover without nitrogen (N) fertilizer since 2005 had a total yield that ranged from 8000 to 10,500 kg/ha in 2008. Only white clover cv 'Durana' remained in 2008 and contributed 3000 to 4500 kg/ha. Bermudagrass portion ranged from 1000 to 3000 kg/ha., a decline of 1000 to kg/ha compared 2007. Protein of bermudagrass harvested in September when the mixture lacked clover ranged from 12 to 15%. The importance of this study is that bermudagrass:clover combinations can be highly productive and economically efficient with little N cost. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) lines planted in August 2006 were harvested for seed and biomass in 2007 and 2008. First year biomass ranged from 8000 to 18000 kg/ha. Biomass yield was similar in 2008. Midwest adapted varieties (Kanlow, Shawnee and Cave-In-Rock) had the lowest yield and Alamo and improved lines from Georgia and the Noble Foundation had the highest yield. Seed yield ranged from 50 to 300 kg/ha and followed a similar varietal pattern as biomass yield.
Publications
- Lang, David J. and George Hawkey. 2008. Subsoils as Topsoil Substitutes for Surface Coal Mine Reclamation in Mississippi: Alluvial Floodplains. IN: R.I. Barnhisel (Ed.) Proc. 2008 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Richmond, VA, New Opportunities to Apply Our Science. 25:554-564.
- Vijaya G. Kakani, V.G., K.J. Boote, K. R. Reddy and D.J. Lang. 2008. Response of bahiagrass carbon assimilation and photosystem activity to below optimum temperatures. Functional Plant Biology, 2008, 35, 1243-1254.
- Lang, David J. and George Hawkey. 2008. Reclamation Success at the Red Hills Mine in Mississippi. IN: J. Skousen (Ed.). Reclamation Matters. 3(2): 19-23.
- Lang, David J., B. Shankle, V.Temu, J. Sanborn and G. Hawkey. 2008. Characterization of Deep Subsoil Strata as Suitable Plant Growth Material. Paper 776-8 presented at the Joint Meeting of the American Society of Agronomy and the Geological Society of America. 4-9 October, 2008. Houston, TX.
- Grabowski, J., Douglas, J. and D.J. Lang. 'Highlander' Eastern Gamagrass. Plant Variety Protection (PVP# 200400242) Awarded 16 July, 2008. United States Department of Agriculture.
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