Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: A Material Transfer Agreement regarding sorghum germplasm was negotiated with MMR Genetics to allow investigation of a new screening tool for the "stay-green" trait in sorghum under field conditions. Progeny of stay-green and conventional sorghum lines were grown at multiple locations. A rapid field technique was used to measure leaf photosynthetic capacity, indicative of the stay-green trait. Another field study evaluated the feasibility of inferring water vapor and carbon dioxide exchange rates from digital images of vegetative canopies. Digital cameras were used to identify green leaves andrecord canopy surface temperatures. On-site physiological measurements were then compared to the canopy characteristics derived from digital images. Mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum and heat tolerance in wheat and soybean were evaluated in controlled-environment studies. An innovation in the calculation of transpiration in corn and irrigation control for corn using canopy temperature was reported to a scientific audience. Other scientific reports addressed opportunities to increase crop water productivity in sorghum; use of crop canopy images to measure crop water use and responses of grain sorghum, soybean, and wheat to high temperature stress. A literature review of climate change and agricultural systems resulted in an assessment of agricultural impacts that was disseminated to a technical/farm producer group, summarized in a national farm publication, and supported a panel discussion hosted by the Kansas Water Office. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: R. Aiken, PI, research crop scientist; V. Prasad, Co-PI, research plant physiologist; R. Wolf, research technician; R. Duffey, research technician; P. Thevar, graduate research assistant, completed MS training, December, 2008; S. Narayanan, graduate research assistant, completed MS training, May 2011. Collaborators not directly supported by project funds: Z. Xin, molecular biologist; K. Kofoid, sorghum geneticist; M.B . Kirkham, research crop physiologist; N. Klocke, research agricultural engineer; F. Lamm, research agricultural engineer; L. Stone, research soil scientist; J. Burke, plant physiologist; M. Djanaguiraman, research associate; R. Mutava, graduate research assistant, began Ph.D. training January 2009; Z. Ristic, research plant physiologist (deceased); T. Sinclair, research plant physiologist. Partner organizations: USDA-ARS-Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Lubbock, Texas, and USDA-ARS-Ogallala Aquifer Program. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are crop scientists, crop advisors, public agency representatives and the farming public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Primary outcomes were changes in knowledge of scientists, reported in research publications and presented to scientific, technical and commercial agricultural audiences. Specific gains in knowledge include findings that a physically-based model of leaf stomatal conductance was suitable for quantifying water use of corn. Digital imagery of crop canopies provides information regarding heat, vapor and carbon dioxide exchanges. An operationally efficient time-temperature-threshold technique for indicating irrigation requirements of corn can function as effectively as established irrigation scheduling techniques. An extensive collection of sorghum lines exhibiting diversity in physiological and yield traits can be used to improve drought tolerance in sorghum; sorghum lines which restrict water loss under dry conditions provide opportunity to increase drought tolerance. High-temperature stress, but not drought stress, reduced glucose release and ethanol yield of grain sorghum. Foliar application of selenium reduced membrane damage by enhancing antioxidant defense; these protections increased grain yield. Genetic variability among wild wheat may improve heat tolerance during reproductive stages of crop development; further studies showed that the expression of a Rubisco activase enzyme in wheat was associated with increased plant productivity under heat-stress conditions. Combined effects of high temperature stress and drought were greater than additive effects for leaf chlorophyll content, grain number and harvest index of wheat. Transpiration efficiency in wheat, indicated by 13C discrimination, is negatively correlated with grain yield productivity, suggesting productivity is linked to water stress avoidance by increased capture of soil water. In soybean, inhibiting ethylene production reduced or postponed premature leaf senescence traits under heat stress conditions. High temperature stress altered soybean leaf anatomy and damaged membranes that are critical to photosynthesis. These findings can be utilized by crop breeders to develop varieties and hybrids which maintain productivity under dry and heat stress conditions.
Publications
- Kumar, S., Sehgal, S.K., Kumar, U., Prasad, P.V.V., Joshi, A.K., and Gill, B.S. 2012. Genomic characterization of drought tolerant related traits in spring wheat. Euphytica 186:265-276.
- Ocheltree, T.W., Nippert, J.B., Prasad, P.V.V. 2012. Changes in stomatal conductance along grass blades reflect changes in leaf structure. Plant Cell and Environment 35: 1040-1049.
- Pradhan, G.P., Prasad, P.V.V., Fritz, A.K., Kirkham, M.B., and Gill, B.S. 2012a. High temperature tolerance in Aegilops species and its potential transfer to wheat. Crop Science 52: 292-304.
- Pradhan, G.P., Prasad, P.V.V., Fritz, A.K., Kirkham, M.B., Gill, B.S. 2012b. Response of Aegilops species to drought stress during reproductive stages of development. Functional Plant Biology 39: 51-59.
- Pradhan, G.P., Prasad, P.V.V., Fritz, A.K., Kirkham, M.B., Gill, B.S. 2012c. Effect of drought and high temperature stress on synthetic hexaploid wheat. Functional Plant Biology 39: 190-198.
- Aiken, R.M. and Klocke, N.L. 2012. Inferring transpiration control from sap flow heat gauges and the Penman-Monteith equation. Transactions of the ASABE 55(2):543-549.
- Gholipoor, M., Sinclair, T.R., and Prasad, P.V.V. 2012. Genotypic variation within sorghum for transpiration response to drying soil. Plant Soil 357:35-40.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Field studies were conducted to evaluate feasibility of inferring water vapor and carbon dioxide exchange rates from digital images of vegetative canopies: on-site physiological measurements were completed to quantify leaf assimilation during stress cycles; field results were analyzed and reported. Controlled environment studies were conducted to evaluate mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum and heat tolerance in wheat and soybean. Data from four studies (analysis of crop canopy images; responses of grain sorghum, soybean, and wheat to high temperature stress) were analyzed and reported to scientific audiences. Results were disseminated as oral presentations to agricultural scientists at professional meetings as well as a presentation to a regional research committee. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: R. Aiken, PI, research crop scientist; V. Prasad, Co-PI, research plant physiologist; R. Wolf, agricultural technician; R. Duffey, agricultural technician; S. Narayanan, graduate research assistant. Collaborators, not directly supported by project funds: Z. Xin, molecular biologist; N. Klocke, research agricultural engineer; M. Djanaguiraman, research associate; R. Mutava, graduate research assistant; Z. Ristic, research plant physiologist (deceased). Partner organizations: USDA-ARS-Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Ogallala Aquifer Program. Training: S. Narayanan completed requirements for M.S. degree. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are crop scientists, crop advisors, public agency representatives and the farming public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Primary outcomes were changes in knowledge of scientists, reported in research publications and presented to scientific, technical and commercial agricultural audiences. Specific gains in knowledge include findings high temperature stress altered soybean leaf anatomy and damaged membranes that are critical to photosynthesis; inhibition of ethylene production ameliorated stress responses in soybean; high temperature stress but not drought stress reduced glucose release and ethanol yield of grain sorghum; combined effects of high temperature stress and drought were greater than additive effects for leaf chlorophyll content, grain number and harvest index of wheat; digital imagery of crop canopies provide information regarding heat, vapor and carbon dioxide exchanges; a canopy conductance model, derived from a light use-assimilation relationship, can usefully quantify transpiration flux in irrigated maize.
Publications
- Aiken, R.M., Coyne, P.I., and Aboukheira, A.A. 2011. A field procedure to derive heat, water vapor and carbon dioxide exchange rates from digital images of vegetative canopies. In: Proc. 2011 ASABE Annual International Meetings. Louisville, Kentucky, August 7-10, 2011.
- Aiken, R.M. and Klocke, N.L. 2012. Inferring transpiration control from sap flow heat gauges and the Penman-Monteith equation. Transactions of the ASABE (In Press).
- Ananda, N., Vadlani, P.V., and Prasad, P.V.V. 2011. Evaluation of drought and heat stressed grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) for biofuel production. Industrial Crops and Products 33: 779-782.
- Djanaguiraman, M., Prasad, P.V.V., and Al-Khatib, K. 2011b. Ethylene perception inhibitor 1-MCP decreases oxidative damage of leaves through enhanced antioxidant defense mechanisms in soybean plants grown under high temperature stress. Experimental and Environmental Botany 70: 51-57.
- Djanaguiraman, M., Prasad, P.V.V., Boyle, D.L., and, Schapaugh, W.T. 2011. High-temperature stress and soybean leaves: leaf anatomy and photosynthesis. Crop Science 51: 2125-2131.
- McMaster, G., Edmunds, D.A., Wilhelm, W.W., Nielsen, D.C., Prasad, P.V.V., and Ascough, J.C. 2011. PhenologyMMS: A program to simulate crop phenological responses to water stress. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 77: 118-125.
- Mutava, R.N., Prasad, P.V.V., Tuinstra, M.R., Kofoid, K.D., and Yu, J. 2011. Characterization of sorghum genotypes for traits related to drought tolerance. Field Crops Research 123: 10-18.
- Prasad, P.V.V., Pisipati, S.R., Momcilovic, I., and Ristic, Z. 2011. Independent and combined effects of high temperature and drought stress during grain filling on plant yield and chloroplast EF-Tu expression in spring wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 197: 430-441.
- Prasad, P.V.V., Vu, J.C.V., Boote, K.J., and Allen, L.H., Jr. 2011. Longevity and temperature response of pollen as affected by elevated growth temperature and carbon dioxide in peanut and grain sorghum. Experimental and Environmental Botany 70: 51-57.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Field research plots were maintained to examine canopy formation, light transmittance and radiation-use efficiency in sorghum germplasm expected to differ in transpiration efficiency; field plots were sampled at multiple environments to evaluate sorghum growth responses to alternative planting geometries; a rapid-screening tool to assess the "stay-green" trait in sorghum was evaluated at multiple locations; on-site physiological measurements were completed to quantify leaf assimilation during stress cycles; field results were analyzed and reported. Controlled environment studies were conducted, evaluating mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum and heat tolerance in wheat and soybean. Results were disseminated as poster presentations to agricultural scientists and sorghum breeders as well as a presentation to a regional research committee. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: R. Aiken, PI, research crop scientist; V. Prasad, Co-PI, research plant physiologist; R. Wolf, agricultural technician; R. Duffey, agricultural technician; S. Narayanan, graduate research assistant, began MS training, January 2009; K. Pidaran, graduate research assistant, began MS training, August 2009. Collaborators, not directly supported by project funds: Z. Xin, molecular biologist; K. Kofoid, sorghum geneticist; M. B. Kirkham, research crop physiologist; N. Klocke, research agricultural engineer; F. Lamm, research agricultural engineer; L. Stone, research soil scientist; J. Burke, plant physiologist; M. Djanaguiraman, research associate; R. Mutava, graduate research assistant, began Ph.D. training January 2009; Z. Ristic, research plant physiologist (deceased); T. Sinclair, research plant physiologist. Partner organizations: USDA-ARS-Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Ogallala Aquifer Program. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are crop scientists, crop advisors, public agency representatives and the farming public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Primary outcomes were changes in knowledge of scientists, reported in research publications and presented to scientific, technical and commercial agricultural audiences. Specific gains in knowledge include findings of a linear relationship between intercepted radiation and water use of sorghum lines differing in biomass productivity. This result indicates a mechanism by which increased radiation use efficiency can lead to improved water productivity. Field evaluation of a physically-based model of leaf stomatal conductance, based on radiation use, indicated suitability for quantifying transpiration flux of corn. An extensive collection of sorghum lines exhibited diversity in physiological and yield traits which may be used to improve drought tolerance in sorghum; sorghum lines which restrict water loss under dry conditions provide opportunity to increase drought tolerance; foliar application of selenium reduced membrane damage by enhancing antioxidant defense, these protections increased grain yield. Genetic variability among wild wheat may improve heat tolerance during reproductive stages of crop development; further studies showed that the expression of a Rubisco activase enzyme in wheat (45-46 kDa RCA) was associated with increased plant productivity under heat-stress conditions. Transpiration efficiency in wheat, indicated by 13C discrimination, is negatively correlated with grain yield productivity, suggesting productivity is linked to water stress avoidance by increased capture of soil water. In soybean, inhibiting ethylene production reduced or postponed premature leaf senescence traits under heat stress conditions. A literature review of climate change and agricultural systems resulted in an assessment of agricultural impacts which was summarized in a national farm publication and supported a panel discussion hosted by the Kansas Water Office. Professional presentations were given at international and regional research committee annual meetings as well as a commercial agricultural sorghum conference.
Publications
- Gholipoor, M., Prasad, P.V.V., Mutava, R.N., Sinclair, T.R. 2010. Genetic variability of transpiration response to vapor pressure deficit among sorghum genotypes. Field Crops Res. 119: 85-90.
- Djanaguiraman, M. and Prasad, P.V.V. 2010. Ethylene production under high temperature stress causes premature leaf senescence in soybean. Functional Plant Biol. 37: 1071-1084.
- Aiken, R.M. and Klocke, N.L. 2010. Operational characteristics of sap flow heat gauges to quantify transpiration flux in corn. 5th National Decennial Irrigation Conference Sponsored jointly by ASABE and the Irrigation Association Phoenix, Arizona, December 5-8, 2010.
- Narayanan, S., Aiken, R., Xin, Z., Prasad, V., Kofoid, K., Yu, J. 2010. Canopy architecture and transpiration efficiency in sorghum. 2010. Agron. Abstracts. /AnMtgsAbsts2010; also presented at Great Plains Sorghum Conference, Mead, NE, August 11-12, 2010.
- Xin, Z., Aiken, R., Burow, G., and Burke, J. 2010. Sorghum transpiration efficiency. Agron. Abstracts. /AnMtgsAbsts2010.
- Ristic, Z., Momcilovic, U., Bukovnik, U., Prasad, P.V.V., Fu, J., DeRidder, B.P., Elthon, T.E., Mladenov, N. 2009. Rubisco activase and wheat productivity under heat stress conditions. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 4003-4014.
- Djanaguiraman, M., Sheeba, J.A., Devi, D.D., Bangarusamy, U., Prasad, P.V.V. 2010. Nitrophenolates spray can alter boll abscission rate in cotton through enhanced peroxidise activity and increased ascorbate and phenolics levels. J. Plant Physiol. 37: 1-9.
- Reddy, K.R., Prasad, P.V.V., and Singh, S.K. 2010. Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation and its interaction with climate change factors on agricultural crop growth and yield. In W. Gao (eds). UV Radiation and Global Change: Measurement, Modelling and Effects on Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, USA. pp. 395-437.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Field research plots were maintained to examine canopy formation, light transmittance and radiation use efficiency in sorghum germplasm expected to differ in transpiration efficiency; field plots were sampled at multiple environments to evaluate sorghum growth responses to alternative planting geometries. Results were disseminated as a poster presentation to agricultural scientists and sorghum breeders. A literature review of climate change and agricultural systems resulted in an assessment of agricultural impacts which was disseminated to a technical/farm producer group. A Material Transfer Agreement regarding sorghum germplasm was negotiated with MMR Genetics for the purpose of investigating a rapid screening tool to assess the "stay-green" trait in sorghum. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: R. Aiken, PI, Research Crop Scientist; V. Prasad, Co-PI, Research Plant Physiologist; R. Wolf, Research Technician; R. Duffey, Research Technician; S. Narayanan, Graduate Research Assistant, began MS training, January, 2009; K. Pidaran, Graduate Research Assistant, began MS training, August, 2009. Collaborators, not directly supported by project funds: Z. Xin, Molecular Biologist; K. Kofoid, Sorghum Geneticist; M. B. Kirkham, Research Crop Physiologist; N. Klocke, Research Agricultural Engineer; F. Lamm, Research Agricultural Engineer; L. Stone, Research Soil Scientist. Partner organizations: USDA-ARS-Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit and USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program. TARGET AUDIENCES: Audiences targeted for presentation include scientists active at regional, national and international levels; public and private crop breeders, commercial agricultural groups and farm producer groups. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Primary outcomes were changes in knowledge of scientists, reported in research publications and presented to scientific, technical and commercial agricultural audiences. Specific gains in knowledge include findings that sorghum lines differing in biomass produced per unit of water used also differed in radiation use efficiency. This result indicates knowledge of radiation use efficiency can lead to improved primary productivity and water utilization. A time-temperature-threshold (TTT) technique for indicating irrigation requirements of corn can function as effectively as established irrigation scheduling techniques. The TTT technique provides operational efficiencies relative to established irrigation scheduling techniques.
Publications
- Xin, Z., Wang, M.L., Aiken, R., Burke. J. 2009. Sorghum transpiration efficiency. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Integrated Approaches to Improve Crop Production Under Drought Prone Environments (InterDrought-III). October 12-16, 2009. Shanghai.
- Aiken, R.M. Climate change impacts on crop growth in the Central High Plains. 2009. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Central Plains Irrigation Conference, Colby, Kansas, Feb. 24-25, 2009. Available from CPIA, 760 N. Thompson, Colby, Kansas.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Field research plots were maintained to examine radiation use efficiency in sorghum germplasm and to examine effects of water deficits on panicle exsertion in sorghum. Field observations of sorghum accessions differing in transpiration efficiency were made to characterize growth and development behavior. Data from two studies (transpiration in corn, measured by sap flow method; irrigation control for corn using canopy temperature) were analyzed and reported to scientific audiences. Presentations included: 1) Scaling Transpiration Efficiency: Leaf to Landscape, report to Ogallala Aquifer Program. Amarillo, TX and 2) Advancing Sorghum Productivity. Great Plains Sorghum Conference. Manhattan, KS. PARTICIPANTS: R. Aiken, PI, crop scientist; V. Prasad, Co-PI, plant physiologist; R. Wolf, research technician, R. Duffey, research technician; P. Thevar, graduate Research assistant. Collaborators not directly supported by project funds, Z. Xin, molecular biologist; K. Kofoid, sorghum geneticist; M.B. Kirkham, crop physiologist; N. Klocke, agricultural engineer; F. Lamm, agricultural engineer; and L. Stone, soil scientist. Partner organizations, USDA-ARS-Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit and USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program. TARGET AUDIENCES: Ag producers, technology transfer agents, government officials, and scientists. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Primary outcomes were changes in knowledge of scientists, reported in research publications and presented to scientific, technical and commercial agricultural audiences. Calculating water use in corn with the Penman-Monteith model required knowledge of a crop canopy resistance coefficient, and reasonable results were obtained from the assumption of a constant ratio of carbon dioxide inside and outside the leaf. Use of canopy temperature to control irrigation could be used to obtain similar results to irrigation scheduled using weather data and a soil water depletion model. Sorghum lines differed in biomass produced per unit of water used and lines exhibited consistent differences in intrinsic transpiration efficiency.
Publications
- Lamm, F. R. and Aiken, R.M. 2008. Comparison of Temperature-Time Threshold and ET-based irrigation scheduling for corn production. ASABE paper no. 084202. Available from ASABE, St. Joseph, MI. 12 pp.
- Thevar, P. 2008. Determining transpiration efficiency of eight grain sorghum lines. M.S. Thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
- Xin, Z., Aiken, R.M. and Burke, J. 2008. Genetic diversity of transpiration efficiency in sorghum. Field Crops Research (accepted).
- Aiken, R.M. and Klocke, N.L. 2008. Transpiration quantified by sap flow heat gauges and the Penman-Monteith equation. Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file].
- Aiken, R., Stone, L. and Schlegel, A. 2008. Evaluating an inverse solution for crop stress factors in the Kansas water budget. Page 46 and 47 in Proc. 38th Annual Biological Systems Simulation Group Conference. Temple, TX.
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