Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Livestock agriculture stakeholder groups including researchers and scientists, livestock producers’ organizations, livestock producers, environment and agriculture regulatory agencies, and general public interested in the air quality, odor and livestock production issues. Changes/Problems: Dr. Kristjan Bregendahl (overseeing Objective 4) left the Iowa State University in November 2010. Dr. Robert Burns (overseeing Objectives 1 and 2) left the Iowa State University in May 2011. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training and professional development were provided to a research assistant professor, 2 postdoctoral fellows, 2 research associate II (1 in 2013), three Ph.D. students (1 in 2013), and 30+ (6 in 2013) undergraduate students. Faculty development leave at the Wageningen University (livestock environment group) was completed (2008-09, Koziel). Specific training and professional summaries per year are summarized below: 2013. Training and professional development 1 research associate II, one Ph.D. student, for 6 (six) undergraduate research assistants and high school interns enrolled in the Iowa State University “George Washington Carver Summer Internship” program and Freshmen Honors Program. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Journal papers, conference proceedings, interim and final reports were submitted. Research on livestock odor conducted by Dr. Koziel’s group was featured in Nature (2008) journal and broadcasted on Modern Marvels show (History Channel) in 2012. US. Environmental Protection Agency, livestock and poultry production organizations, researchers, and the public have full access to gaseous and particulate matter emissions and emission factors were provided. Dr. Koziel’s team made major contributions to the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study 2007-2009. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Major air quality studies for livestock and poultry operations representing major livestock farming regions were completed, submitted and partially published. These include baseline emissions monitoring for the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS) study and the Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) study for ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, odor, odorous volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter. These data are being used by the USEPA and livestock industry to develop responses and regulations for the entire livestock and poultry industry. We estimated greenhouse gas emission factors from land-applied swine manure and fill the gap to develop more realistic process-based models for gaseous/particulate emissions from swine operations. A major breakthrough was made in developing soybean-based product for the simultaneous mitigation of odor, odorous volatile organic compounds, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide emissions and greenhouse gases from swine manure. In addition, major progress was made on developing ultraviolet light technology to treat simultaneously odor, odorous volatile organic compounds, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide emissions from simulated swine barn exhaust. A new line of research focused on biosecure disposal of infectious livestock and poultry mortalities was developed. Specific accomplishments are summarized below: National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS) study This study serves as a benchmark for future air quality studies involving livestock agriculture. Standard operating procedures for continuous emissions monitoring, installation, testing and troubleshooting were developed and baseline emissions were monitored. Gaseous and particulate emissions (emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, odor, odorous volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter) from a typical swine gestation and farrowing farm in central Iowa (representative of Midwest systems) were measured from 2007 to 2009. This is the best and the most comprehensive gaseous and particulate emissions data set for the swine industry. Emissions data will be used by the USEPA and livestock industry to develop responses and regulations for the entire livestock and poultry industry. Feasibility of using deep UV (185 nm) treatment for abatement of ammonia in livestock and poultry barn exhaust air A series of laboratory scale experiments simulated moving exhaust air with controlled UV wavelength and dose, NH3 concentrations, humidity, and presence of H2S. Ammonia, initially at relevant barn exhaust concentrations, was completely or substantially reduced by irradiation with 185 nm light. Data show that removal of NH3 is plausible, but highlights concerns over ozone and N2O emission. Results of this study show new knowledge and new concept technology related to mitigation of ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry operations. The UV treatment of ammonia is an alternative mitigation approach that works well in laboratory conditions. More research is needed to move this technology from lab to the field. Potential effectiveness of UV light technologies for simultaneous treatment of odorant and pathogen emissions from livestock and poultry operations Several key parameters were tested in laboratory scale conditions including: the effects of light energy dose (treatment time and light intensity), relative humidity and air temperature, UV wavelength, presence of photocatalyst (TiO2) and the presence of ozone. Removal and conversion of odor, target gases, and airborne pathogens was tested. Up to 100% removal (below method detection level) of S-VOCs, VFAs, and phenolics, the overall odor, and up to 64.5% of ammonia was achieved with optimized treatment. Treatments involving deep UV band (185 nm) and photocatalyst (TiO2) were more efficient in removal/conversion of odorous gases and odor. The estimate of the operational cost of treatment was based on measured emissions of several odorous VOCs from full scale, commercial swine farm ranges from $0.15 to $0.59 per finisher pig, a significantly lower cost compared with the cost of biofiltration or air scrubbing. Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) study Five major data sets summarizing the APECAB study were published in the Technical Library of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). The APECAB final reports and data sets are the second most comprehensive (second after the NAEMS study) air quality and gaseous/particulate matter emissions data associated with livestock (pork and poultry) industry in the U.S. The data are being used by the USEPA to respond to regulatory issues associated with the livestock production in the US. Odor and odorous chemical emissions from livestock operations Four journal articles describing methods and results of odor and odorous chemical emissions were published. These data are being used by the USEPA to respond to regulatory issues associated with the livestock production in the US. An air sampling and analysis method for odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), based on sampling with sorbent tubes and analysis (speciation and quantification) on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was developed, adding on very unique simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses of livestock emissions using GC-MS-Olfactometry. Emission factors for odorous VOCs and odor, and correlations between measured odor and selected key odorous compounds, were developed. Topical treatment of soybean-based product for mitigation of odorous VOCs Topical treatment of soybean-based product was tested for mitigation of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and greenhouse gas emissions from stored swine manure. Results from the pilot scale part of the project confirmed that soybean product was very effective in reducing major air pollutants and odorants of concern. Results to date indicate: Ammonia emissions were reduced by 14.6% to 67.6% and were statistically significant except for the lowest SBP dose. The percent reduction was correlated with the SBP dose. The apparent effectiveness of SBP treatment was decreasing over time. H2S emissions were highly variable and not correlated with the SBP dose. GHGs emissions were not significantly changed for N2O. Methane and CO2 emissions increased by 32.7% to 232% and 20.8% to 124%, respectively. The percent increase was statistically significant (except for CH4 and the lowest dose) and was correlated with the SBP dose. The increase of CO2 and CH4 emissions may be inferred considering biochemical breakdown of VOCs as a result of SBP treatment. Sulfur VOC emissions were generally reduced by 36.2% to 84.7% (DMDS) and 10.7% to 16.9% (DMTS). However, the only statistically significant reduction was for DMDS at the mid-range SBP doses. Volatile fatty acids emissions were reduced by 8.5% to 19.5% (butyric acid), 79.2% to 88.5% (valeric acid) and 42.7% to 59.2% (isovaleric acid) except for the highest SBP dose for butyric and isovaleric acids. However, none of the reductions were statistically significant. Phenolics emissions were reduced by 53.1% to 89.5% (p-cresol), 52.6% to 81.8% (indole, except for the highest SBP dose), and 63.2% to 92.5% (skatole) and were statistically significant for p-cresol and skatole. Indole emission’s reductions were not statistically significant. The apparent effectiveness of SBP treatment on phenolics was decreasing over time. Farm scale testing of SBP was completed after the reporting period (December 2013). Emissions factors for GHGs Emission factors for all GHGs of interest were estimated using static flux chambers and developed based on the fall 2012 land application of swine manure of a typical corn field in Iowa. Results will be used for development of process-based model for gaseous emissions from swine operations in the US.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Opalinski S., M. Korczynski, J.A. Koziel, F. Bubel, Z. Dobrzanski. 2013. Fish processing by-products -olfactometric assessment of chemical deodorization. Przemysl Chemiczny (Chemical Industry, in Polish) 92(6):1159-1162.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Woolcock, P.J., J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, P.A. Johnston, R.C. Brown. 2013. Analysis of trace contaminants in hot gas streams using time-weighted average solid-phase microextraction: proof of concept. J Chrom A, 1281, 1-8.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Alimzhanova, M.B., B.N. Kenessov, M.K. Nauryzbayev, J.A. Koziel. 2012. Effects of moisture content and solvent additive on headspace solid-phase microextraction of total petroleum hydrocarbons from soil. Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal, 14(4), 271-275.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Nguyen, L., T. Glanville, J. Koziel, and T. Frana. 2013. A review of chemicals to improve bio-security of emergency animal mortality composting and aerobic digestion. ASABE Paper # 13---- in the proceedings of the ASABE Annual International Meeting. Kansas City, MS, July, 2013.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Soso, S.B. J.A. Koziel. 2013. Chemical and sensory characterization of scent markings in wild mammals: a systematic review. Felid TAG mid-year meeting, Jacksonville, FL, June, 2013.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Koziel, J.A., D. Maurer, K. Bruning, T. Lewis, D. Tamaye, W. Salas. 2013. Greenhouse gas emissions from land-applied swine manure: development of method based on static flux chambers. In the proceedings of the 2nd World Conference PETrA 2013 - Pollution and Environment Treatment of Air, Prague, Czech Republic, June, 2013.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Bruning, K., J.A Koziel, D. Maurer, T. Lewis, D. Tamaye, W. Salas. 2013. Greenhouse gas emissions from land applied swine manure: development of method based on static flux chambers. In the proceedings of the From Waste to Worth Conference, Denver, CO, April, 2013.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Koziel, J.A., D. Maurer, K. Bruning, M. Hayes, T. Brown-Brandl, B. Woodbury, D.B. Parker, J. Gray, P. Baehr. 2013. Testing soybean peroxidase for swine manure treatment and mitigation of odorous VOCs, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and greenhouse gas emissions. Interim report for the National Pork Board project # 12-108. March, 2013.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Cortus, E., JA. Koziel , B-H. Baek, L. Jacobson, B. Hetchler, J. Sweeten. 2013. Emissions date from grow-finish barns in Texas. Final Report for the Texas Swine Site of the Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project Final Report. Submitted to Eastern Research Group (ERG), September, 2013.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Koziel, J.A., D. Maurer, K. Bruning, M. Hayes, T. Brown-Brandl, B. Woodbury, D.B. Parker, J. Gray, P. Baehr. 2013. Testing soybean peroxidase for swine manure treatment and mitigation of odorous VOCs, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and greenhouse gas emissions. Interim report for the National Pork Board project # 12-108. March, 2013.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Koziel, J.A., D. Maurer, K. Bruning, K. Developing a process-based model for estimating air emissions from swine operations. Final report to NBP-Applied GeoSciences. National Pork Board, December 2013.
|
Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
Target Audience: Livestock agriculture stakeholder groups including researchers and scientists, livestock producers’ organizations, livestock producers, environment and agriculture regulatory agencies, and general public interested in the air quality, odor and livestock production issues. Changes/Problems: Dr. Kristjan Bregendahl (overseeing Objective 4) left the Iowa State University in November 2010. Dr. Robert Burns (overseeing Objectives 1 and 2) left the Iowa State University in May 2011. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training and professional development for 1 research associate II, one Ph.D. student, and 8 undergraduate research assistants and high school interns enrolled in the Iowa State University “George Washington Carver Summer Internship” program and Freshmen Honors Program. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Dr. Koziel presented research on measuring and mitigating livestock odor to a very wide audience. He was featured on the “Stink” episode of History Channel – Modern Marvels production, air time – January 23, 2012. He also served as an International Scientific Committee member, NOSE2012 - International Conference on Environmental Odour Monitoring and Control, Palermo, Italy, September, 2012. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue to conduct research in the area of air quality and livestock odor with focus on emissions monitoring and mitigation.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The major accomplishment was the publication of the four journal articles summarizing the results of “Odor and odorous chemical emissions from livestock operations” project. This multistate and multi-university study was a companion project to the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study. The four manuscripts describing methods and result of odor and odorous chemical emissions were published in Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). The data are being used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to respond to regulatory issues associated with the livestock production in the US. Dr. Koziel’s group developed air sampling and analysis method for odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that was used by entire project. The new method was based on sampling with sorbent tubes and analysis (speciation and quantification) on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Dr. Koziel’s group added on very unique simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses of livestock emissions using GC-MS-Olfactometry. Emission factors were developed for odorous VOCs and odor. In addition, correlations between measured odor and selected key odorous compounds were developed. In addition, a first manuscript from the novel research on the use of UV light to mitigate ammonia emissions was published. The results indicate that UV can be a very effective in mitigating ammonia emissions.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
1. Sikkema, J.K. J. E. Alleman, S. K. Ong, J. A. Koziel, and P. C. Taylor. 2012. Photocatalytic concrete pavements: Laboratory investigation of the decrease in NOx oxidation attributable to nitrate blinding and the implications for concrete sustainability. In proceedings of the International Conference on Long-Life Concrete Pavements-2012, Seattle, WA, September, 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
2. Woolcock, P.J., P. Johnston, J.A. Koziel and R.C. Brown. 2012. Development and application of solid-phase microextraction for pyrolysis and syngas analysis. American Institute of Chemical Engineering (AIChE) 2012 Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, October, 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Parker, D., J. Koziel, B. Woodbury, M. Spiehs. Reduction of odorous VOC in swine manure using surface-applied soybean peroxidase and calcium peroxide. In proceedings of the ASABE Annual International Meeting, Dallas, TX, July 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Dobrzanski, Z., Opalinski S., J.A. Koziel, M. Korczynski, F. Bubel. 2012. Evaluation of chemical deodorization of fish processing byproducts with GC-MS-Olfactometry XXXVII Miedzynarodowe Seminarium Naukowo-Techniczne 'Chemistry for Agriculture' Karpacz, Poland, December, 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
5. Koziel, J.A. S. Rice, D. Maurer. 2012. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis of odors and aromas with multidimensional GC. 29th International Symposium on Chromatography (ISC'2012), Torun, Poland, September, 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Tamaye, D. J.A. Koziel, D. Maurer. 2012. Measurements of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from land-applied swine manure. In the proceedings of the 20th Annual Research Symposium, George Washington Carver Internship Program, Iowa State University, July, 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Harrington, J., J.A. Koziel, S. Rice, D. Maurer, J. Vallone. Novel detection of volatile organic compounds emitted in-vivo from cold weather grapes. In the proceedings of the 20th Annual Research Symposium, George Washington Carver Internship Program, Iowa State University, July, 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Kenessov, B., M. Alimzhanova, M. Nauryzbaev, J.A. Koziel. 2012. Fast determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soils by GC-MS using solid phase microextraction. In the proceedings of the American Chemical Society 244th National Meeting and Exposition, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2012.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Nguyen, L. T. Glanville, J.A. Koziel, T. Frana. 2012. A literature review on disinfecting chemicals for improved bio-security of emergency animal mortality composting and anaerobic digestion. In proceedings of the 4th International Animal By-Products Symposium, Dearborn, MI May, 2012.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Glanville, T., J.A. Koziel, T. Frana, L. Nguyen. 2012. Development of environmentally friendly livestock mortality disposal systems using anaerobic digestion. Report of Project Activities for 2011. Korean Rural Development Agency, February, 2012.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Parker, D.B., L. Cai, J.A. Koziel, L. Jacobson, N. Akdeniz, S. Bereznicki, E. Caraway, S. Zhang, S.J. Hoff, A.J. Heber, T.T. Lim K. Heathcote, B. Hetchler. 2012. Odor and odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings: Part 6 odor activity value. Transactions of ASABE 55(6):2357-2368.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Bereznicki, S.D., A.J. Heber, N. Akdeniz, L.D. Jacobson, B.P. Hetchler, K.Y. Heathcote, S.J. Hoff, J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, S. Zhang, D.B. Parker, E.A. Caraway, T.T. Lim, E.L. Cortus, R.B. Jacko. 2012. Odor and odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings: Part 1 project overview, collection methods and quality control. Transactions of ASABE 55(6):2325-2334.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Akdeniz, N., L.D. Jacobson, B.P. Hetchler, S.D. Bereznicki, A.J. Heber, J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, S. Zhang, D.B. Parker. 2012. Odor and odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings: Part 2 odor emissions. Transactions of ASABE 55(6):2335-2345.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Akdeniz, N., L.D. Jacobson, B.P. Hetchler, S.D. Bereznicki, A.J. Heber, J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, S. Zhang, D.B. Parker. 2012. Odor and odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings: Part 4 correlations between sensory and chemical emissions. Transactions of ASABE 55(6):2347-2356.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Rockafellow, E.M., J.A. Koziel, W.S. Jenks. 2012. UV treatment of ammonia for livestock and poultry barn exhaust applications. Journal of Environmental Quality 41:281-288. doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0536.
|
Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
Target Audience: Livestock agriculture stakeholder groups including researchers and scientists, livestock producer organizations, livestock producers, environment and agriculture regulatory agencies, and general public interested in the air quality, odor and livestock production issues. Changes/Problems: Dr. Kristjan Bregendahl (overseeing Objective 4) left the Iowa State University in November 2010. Dr. Robert Burns (overseeing Objectives 1 and 2) left the Iowa State University in May 2011. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training and professional development of one Research Assistant Professor (Dr. Lingshuang Cai) and two undergraduate research assistants enrolled in the Iowa State University “George Washington Carver Summer Internship” program and Freshmen Honors Program How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Major data sets from the Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) study was published in the Technical Library of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). Data sets are available to public. The data are being used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to respond to regulatory issues associated with the livestock production in the US. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue to conduct research in the area of air quality and livestock odor with focus on emissions monitoring and mitigation.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The major accomplishment was the publication of the five major data sets summarizing the Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) study and published in the Technical Library of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). The APECAB final reports and data sets are the second most comprehensive, to date, air quality and gaseous/particulate matter emissions data associated with livestock (pork and poultry) industry in the U.S. (second after the NAEMS study). The data are being used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to respond to regulatory issues associated with the livestock production in the US.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Li, H., H. Xin, R. T. Burns, L. D. Jacobson, S. Noll, S. J. Hoff, J. D. Harmon, J. A. Koziel, B. Hetchler. 2011. Air emissions from tom and hen turkey houses in the U.S. Midwest. Transactions of ASABE 54(1):305-314.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Kenessov, B., Y. Sailaukhanuly, J.A. Koziel, L. Carlsen, M. Nauryzbayev. 2011. GC-MS and GC-NPD determination of formaldehyde dimethylhydrazone in water using SPME. Chromatographia 73:123-128.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Akdeniz, N., J.A. Koziel, T.D. Glanville, H-K Ahn, B.P. Crawford. 2011. Air sampling methods for VOCs related to field-scale biosecure swine mortality composting. Bioresource Technology 102:3599-3602.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Cai, L., J.A. Koziel, and S. Zhang. 2011. Odorous chemical emissions from livestock operations in United States. In the proceedings of The International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE 2011), Nanjing, China, June, 2011.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Woolcock, P.J., R.C. Brown, J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, P. Johnston. Analysis of tar compounds at trace levels in cleaned syngas. In the proceedings of the TCBiomass 2011 International Conference on Thermochemical Conversion Science, Chicago, September, 2011.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Anderson, S., P. Woolcock, J.A. Koziel. Syngas and solid-phase microextraction. Undergraduate Research Symposium, Iowa State University, April, 2011.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Laor, Y., U. Ravid, R. Armon, I. Saadi, J.A. Koziel. 2011. UV-TiO2 treatment of odorants and odors associated with poultry operations. In the proceedings of the ASA, CSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, October, 2011.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Woolcock, P.J., R.C. Brown, J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, P. Johnston. Analysis of tar compounds at trace levels in cleaned syngas. In the proceedings of the TCBiomass 2011 International Conference on Thermochemical Conversion Science, Chicago, September, 2011.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Wright, D.W., F. Kuhrt, D.K. Eaton, J.A. Koziel. 2011. Thermal reconstitution from sorbent tube odorant collections; progress toward a robust, integrated strategy for capture, transport, archiving and deferred 're-play' of environmental odor events. In the proceedings of the 242nd American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition in Denver, CO (ACS AGRO Division), August - September, 2011.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
1. Cai L. and J.A. Koziel. Gas and PM emissions monitoring from swine gestation and farrowing barns in central Iowa. Animal Industry Report, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, January, 2011.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Cai L. and J.A. Koziel. Odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings. Animal Industry Report, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, January, 2011.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Koziel, J.A., L. Cai, Hoff, S. 2011. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis of odor. In proceedings of the PETrA 2011 - 1st World Conference PETrA 2011 - Pollution and Environment Treatment of Air. Prague, Czech Republic, May, 2011. (The Best Paper Award).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Hoff, S., L. Tong, J. Koziel, L. Cai. 2011. Impact-based odor control technology for rural citizens in agricultural communities. In proceedings of the 1st World Conference PETrA 2011 - Pollution and Environment Treatment of Air. Prague, Czech Republic, May, 2011.
|
Progress 01/01/10 to 09/30/10
Outputs
Target Audience: Livestock agriculture stakeholder groups including researchers and scientists, livestock producers’ organizations, livestock producers, environment and agriculture regulatory agencies, and general public interested in the air quality, odor and livestock production issues. Changes/Problems: Dr. Kristjan Bregendahl (overseeing Objective 4) left the Iowa State University in November 2010. Dr. Robert Burns (overseeing Objectives 1 and 2) left the Iowa State University in May 2011. Dr. Koziel responsible for Objective 3 requests the change in scope from the focus on one technology (i.e., UV light) to “simultaneously treat odors, gases, and airborne pathogens … in commercial swine production, and potentially, other species housed in mechanically-ventilated barns….” into addressing major air quality needs and problems for the livestock and poultry industry. The scope change resulted from the lack of funding in developing the UV treatment technology. The redefined focus on major air quality needs and problems has been relevant and meaningful to the S-1032 project theme. The new, broader scope of Objective 3 specifically focuses on sharing the results of several major air quality studies that started earlier in the reporting period (e.g., the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study, NAEMS 2007-2009), the companion to the NAEMS pro and focused on emissions of gaseous and particulate matter from livestock and poultry operations in the United States. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training and professional development of one Research Assistant Professor (Dr. Lingshuang Cai) who in this year advanced from the Assistant Scientist II position and one undergraduate research assistant enrolled in the Iowa State University “Science with Practice” program. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The “Evaluation and Analysis of NAEMS Pork Data” was submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 2010. The report is available to public. This report summarizes the largest, to date, air quality monitoring study at livestock (including pork) operations in the U.S and the world. Gaseous and particulate emissions data is being used by US. EPA to develop regulatory response to air quality issues for the entire US livestock industry. The NAEMS data is the best and the most comprehensive gaseous and particulate emissions data set for swine industry. In addition, 4 journal papers and 15 conference papers/abstracts/proceedings were published and 3 final reports were submitted. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue to conduct research in the area of air quality and livestock odor with focus on emissions monitoring and mitigation.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 3. The main accomplishment was the submission of the “Evaluation and Analysis of NAEMS Pork Data” to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in 2010. This report summarizes the largest, to date, air quality monitoring study at livestock (including pork) operations in the U.S and in the world, i.e., the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS). Dr. Koziel led the team of Iowa State University researchers who continuously measured gaseous and particulate emissions from a typical swine gestation and farrowing farm in central Iowa from 2007 to 2009. Gaseous and particulate emissions data is being used by U.S. EPA to develop regulatory response to air quality issues and regulations for the entire US livestock industry. The NAEMS data from Iowa site and three others from major producing areas of the US is the best and the most comprehensive gaseous and particulate emissions data set for swine industry.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Cai, L., J.A. Koziel, S. Hoff, J. Harmon, A. Heber, E. Cortus, J. Ni. 2010. National Air Emissions Monitoring Study: swine gestation and farrowing site in Iowa. In the proceedings of the OneHealth Symposium, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, September, 2010.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
4. Bereznicki, S., A. Heber, N. Akdeniz, L. Jacobson, B. Hetchler, A. Rendahl, K. Heathcote , S. Hoff, J.A. Koziel, Lingshuang Cai, D. Parker, E. Caraway. 2010. Odor and odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings: part 1 - project overview and collection methods. In the proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management of Agriculture, Dallas, TX, September, 2010. DOI: 10.13031/2013.32640.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Cai, L., S. Zhang, J.A. Koziel, K. Heathcote, S. Hoff, D. Parker, E. Caraway, L. Jacobson, N. Akdeniz, B. Hetchler, E. Cortus, S. Bereznicki, A.J. Heber. 2010. Odor and odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings: part 3 - chemical (GC/MS-O) emissions. In the proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management of Agriculture, Dallas, TX, September, 2010. DOI: 10.13031/2013.32646.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Lo, Y-C., J.A. Koziel, L. Cai. 2010. Simultaneous chemical and sensory characterization of VOCs and semi-VOCs emitted from swine manure. In the proceedings of the OneHealth Symposium, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, September, 2010.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Yang, X. J.A. Koziel, H. van Leeuwen, W. Jenks, Y. Laor. 2010. Treatment of odorous VOCs with ultraviolet light. In the proceedings of the OneHealth Symposium, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, September, 2010.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Koziel, J.A., Y-C. Lo, L. Cai, D. Wright. 2010. Simultaneous characterization of VOCs and livestock odors using solid-phase microextraction - multidimensional gas chromatography- mass spectrometry-olfactometry. In the proceedings of the NOSE2010 Conference, Florence, Italy, September, 2010. DOI: 10.3303/CET1023013.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Laor, Y., U. Ravid, R. Armon, I. Saadi, Y. Ozer, J.A. Koziel, X. Yang. 2010. UV-TiO2 treatment of odorants and odors associated with poultry manure. In the proceedings of the NOSE2010 Conference, Florence, Italy, September, 2010. DOI: 10.3303/CET1023054.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Koziel, J.A., X. Yang, H. van Leeuwen, W. Jenks, Y. Laor. 2010. Treatment of odorous VOCs with ultraviolet light. In the proceedings of the NOSE2010 Conference, Florence, Italy, September, 2010. DOI: 10.3303/CET1023061.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Cai, L., S. Zhang, J.A. Koziel, L. Jacobson, A. Heber, D.B. Parker. 2010. Simple and sensitive thermal desorption method for quantifying key odorants from animal feeding operations. In the proceedings of the Pittsburgh 2010 Conference in Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy. Orlando, FL, March, 2010.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Jacobson L., N. Akdeniz, L. Cai, S. Zhang, J.A. Koziel, A. Heber, S. Bereznicki, D. Parker, E. Caraway. 2010. Odor emissions and chemical analysis of odorous compounds from animal buildings. In the proceedings of the WEF/A&WMA Odors and Air Pollutants 2010 Conference. Charlotte, NC, March, 2010. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710802767876.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Li, H., H. Xin, R. Burns, L. Jacobson, S. Noll, S. Hoff, J. Harmon, and J.A. Koziel. 2010. Ammonia and PM emissions from Midwestern turkey barns. Animal Industry Report, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, January, 2010.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Akdeniz, N., J.A. Koziel, H-K Ahn, T.D. Glanville, B.P. Crawford. 2010. Field scale evaluation of volatile organic compound production inside biosecure swine mortality composts. Waste Management 30:1981-1988.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Akdeniz, N.; J.A. Koziel, H.K Ahn, T. Glanville, B. Crawford, R.D. Raman. 2010. Laboratory scale evaluation of VOC emissions as indication of swine carcass degradation inside biosecure composting units. Bioresource Technology 101:71-78.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Parker, D.B., Z. L. Perschbacher-Buser, N. A. Cole, M, J. A. Koziel. 2010. Recovery of agricultural odors and odorous compounds from polyvinyl fluoride film bags. Sensors 10:8536-8552.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Zhang, S., L. Cai, J.A. Koziel, S. Hoff, D. Schmidt, C. Clanton, L. Jacobson, D. Parker, A. Heber. 2010. Field air sampling and simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis of livestock odorants with sorbent tube GC-MS/Olfactometry. Sensors and Actuators: B. Chemical 146:427-432.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
3. Akdeniz, N., L. Jacobson, B. Hetchler, S. Bereznicki , A. Heber, R.B. Jacko, K. Heathcote , S. Hoff, J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, S. Zhang, D. Parker, E. Caraway. 2010. Odor and odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings: part 2 - odor emissions. In the proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management of Agriculture, Dallas, TX, September, 2010. DOI: 10.13031/2013.32639.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Jacobson, L., N. Akdeniz, B. Hetchler, S. Bereznicki, A. Heber, R.B. Jacko, K. Heathcote, S. Hoff, J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, S. Zhang, D. Parker, E. Caraway. 2010. Odor and odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings: part 4 - correlations between odor and chemical emissions. In the proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management of Agriculture, Dallas, TX, September, 2010. DOI: 10.13031/2013.32647.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Schmidt, D., C. Clanton, K. Clow, B. Martinez, B. J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, S. Zhang. 2010. Micro-tunnel method of flux measurement on sample repeatability and flux predictive model. In the proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management of Agriculture, Dallas, TX, September, 2010. DOI: 10.13031/2013.32630.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2010
Citation:
Zhang, S., Cai, L., J.A. Koziel, S. Hoff, K. Heathcote, D. Parker, L. Jacobson, N. Akdeniz, B. Hetchler, A. J. Heber, S. Bereznicki. 2010. Odor and odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings: part 5 - correlations between chemical concentrations and odor intensities associated with GC-MS-O analyses. In the proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management of Agriculture, Dallas, TX, September, 2010. DOI: 10.13031/2013.32645
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Objectives 1 and 2: Research was related to controlling runoff from beef feedlots using vegetative treatments systems (VTS): a) a system for land applying beef feedlot run-off in an environmentally friendly way that utilizes nutrients and minimizes water quality impacts, and b) an engineered system for management of manures from cattle feedlots utilizing physical and biological processes. Six sites were monitored in Iowa for a third full year and four other sites were monitored via subcontracts in NE, MN, and SD. Multiple years of data collection are important to incorporate multiple weather patterns and improvements in site management as producers have gained additional experience with the systems. In addition to VTS monitoring, two smaller projects were performed to provide additional information for related issues. The studies were undertaken to better understand the settling characteristics of beef feedlot runoff and to analyze the risk of runoff from open feedlots. In the last year, information about the project was disseminated at the annual international meeting for the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers and to state and regional regulatory agencies; papers from this meeting are currently undergoing review as peer-reviewed articles. Funding from the US EPA ended in November 2008; additional funding is now being used through the NRCS CIG program. Funds for 2009 were also provided by the Iowa Beef Center. Objective 3: Research focuses on technologies to reduce odors, gases, and airborne microflora from animal production systems. This project uses UV treatment for simultaneous treatment of odors, gases, and airborne pathogens. The goal is to develop a cost-effective technology for treatment of odor and pathogens in swine and possibly poultry housing in order to limit their impact on air quality and health. The short term objective is to determine the dose of UV 254 nm, UV 185 nm required for inactivation of odor, odor-causing gases, and airborne pathogens (swine influenza virus (SIV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)) in simultaneous exposure-treatment with UV 254 and UV185 nm light. A multi-disciplinary approach is being used. A standard gas/odor system for generating and measuring gases is in place. The system generates odorous gases including H2S, mercaptans, VFAs, and phenolic compounds responsible for swine odor. NH3 gas and its measurement are included. Odor measurement with a standard ASTM method will be conducted. These areas of engineering are coupled with expertise in quantitative virology and aerobiology. Two major projects focused on fundamental development and testing of UV treatment of gases, odors and pathogens were concluded in late 2008. Final reports have been submitted in early 2009 for dissemination by the grantors: (1) Binational Agricultural Research and Development (USA-Israel) and (2) National Pork Board (USA). Additionally, results of this work have been presented at multiple scientific conferences. In 2009, research focused on mitigation of ammonia with UV light in the project sponsored by the Iowa Pork Producers Association. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: Robert Burns, PI, provides project direction and oversight; Lara Moody, co-PI, provides oversight of daily activities, reporting, and data analysis; John Lawrence, co-PI, provides project guidance and insight; Matt Helmers, co-PI, provides project guidance and insight; Daniel Andersen, graduate student; Brad Bond, graduate student, Jacob Baker, undergraduate research assistant; John Stinn, undergraduate research assistant; Joe Freund, undergraduate research assistant. William Jenks, Steven Hoff, Jacek Koziel, Hans van Leeuwen, and Jeff Zimmerman are co-PIs on Objective 3. Lingshuang Cai, analytical chemist; Erin Rockafellow, graduate student. Partnering Organizations: Iowa Cattleman's Association, Nebraska Cattleman's Association, University of Nebraska, South Dakota State University, USDA/NRCS and Iowa Pork Producers Association. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Objective 1 and 2 - The vegetative treatment systems located in Iowa have been in operation and monitored since 2006 and 2007. The non-Iowa systems begin operation during 2008. During 2009, samples were collected from all sites during and following rainfall events generating feedlot runoff; the quantity of effluent flow was also measured. Effluent samples were collected from each component of the vegetative treatment system. Rainfall and temperature data, groundwater samples and depth, and soil samples were also collected for each of the sites. Data collected from the Iowa sites was analyzed and used to calibrate the models used to predict and evaluate system performance. In 2009, additional in-depth studies of the models were performed to improve their performance. Data collected from the non-Iowa sites will be used to test the final models. Analyses of the results from this study will be used by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to determine the extent of the continued use of VTSs as an alternative to traditional containment basins for CAFO designated beef feedlots in Iowa. The updated models have the potential to be used for VTS design for both CAFO and non-CAFO beef feedlots in Iowa and the Midwest. Objective 3 - The feasibility of using deep UV (185 nm) treatment for abatement of ammonia in livestock and poultry barn exhaust air was examined in series of laboratory scale experiments. These experiments simulated moving exhaust air with controlled UV wavelength and dose, NH3 concentrations, humidity, and presence of H2S. Ammonia, initially at relevant barn exhaust concentrations in air, was completely, or at least substantially, reduced by irradiation with 185 nm light. Reactions were monitored using chemiluminescence detection, GC-MS, and high resolution FTIR, of which the latter was found to be the most informative and flexible. Detected nitrogen-containing products included N2O, NH4NO3, and HNO3. It is presumed that atomic oxygen is the primary photochemical product that begins the oxidative cascade. The data show that removal of NH3 is plausible, but highlights concerns over ozone and N2O emission. Results of this study show new knowledge and new concept technology related to mitigation of ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry operations. The UV treatment of ammonia is an alternative mitigation approach that works well in laboratory conditions. More research is needed to move this technology from lab to the field. Livestock and poultry agriculture needs a variety of mitigation technologies for ammonia emissions.
Publications
- Stinn, J., D. Andersen, R. Burns, L.B. Moody. 2009. Modification of the Iowa State University-Vegetative Treatment Area Model. Proceedings of the 2009 ASABE International Meeting. Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009.
- Andersen, D., B. Woodbury, R. Eigenberg, R. Burns, L.B. Moody. 2009. Flow Depth for Assessing Flow Paths in Vegetative Treatment Areas. Proceedings of the 2009 ASABE International Meeting. Paper number 097073, Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009
- B. Bond, R.T. Burns, T. Trooien, S. Pohl, C. Henry, L.B. Moody, M. Helmers, J. Lawrence. Comparison of Construction Costs for Vegetated Treatment Systems in the Midwest. 2009 Proceedings: 2009 ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 21-24, 2009.
- Zhang, S., L. Cai, J.A. Koziel, S. Hoff, C. Clanton, D. Schmidt, L. Jacobson, D. Parker, A. Heber. 2009. Field air sampling and simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis of livestock odorants with sorbent tube GC-MS/Olfactometry. In the proceedings of the International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose ISOEN 2009, Brescia, Italy, April, 2009.
- Koziel, J.A., J.P. Spinhirne, J. Lloyd, D. Parker, D. Wright, F. Kuhrt. 2009. Evaluation of sample recovery of odorous VOCs and semi-VOCs from odor bags, sampling canisters, Tenax TA sorbent tubes, and SPME. In the proceedings of the International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose ISOEN 2009, Brescia, Italy, April, 2009.
- Cai, L., J.A. Koziel, Y-C. Lo, S. Hoff. 2009. Analysis of odor-causing VOCs and semi-VOCs associated with particulate matter in swine barns using SPME-GC-MS-Olfactometry. In the proceedings of the International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose ISOEN 2009, Brescia, Italy, April, 2009.
- Koziel, J.A., L. Cai, D. Wright, S. Hoff. 2009. Field air sampling with SPME for ranking and prioritization of downwind livestock odors with MDGC-MS-Olfactometry. In the proceedings of the International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose ISOEN 2009, Brescia, Italy, April, 2009.
- Wright, D.W., F. Kuhrt, A. Iwasinska, D.K. Eaton, and J.A. Koziel. 2009. A novel downwind odor sampling strategy for intermittent transient events; combined metalized-FEP gas sampling bag, sorbent tube transfer and thermal reconstitution. ASABE paper #097277 in the proceedings of the ASABE Annual International Meeting. Reno, NV, June, 2009.
- Wright, D., F. Kuhrt, D.K. Eaton, J.A. Koziel. 2009. Downwind odor sampling strategies for transient events utilizing combined metalized-FEP gas sampling bags, sorbent tube transfer and thermal reconstitution. In the proceedings of the 238th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, DC, August, 2009.
- Cai, L., S. Zhang, J.A. Koziel, L. Jacobson, A. Heber, D.B. Parker, N. Akendiz, S. Bereznicki. 2009. Development of a novel and sensitive thermal desorption method for the determination of key odorants from animal feeding operations. In the proceedings of the 238th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, DC, August, 2009.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The research related to controlling runoff from beef feedlots using vegetative treatments systems (VTS) meets Objectives 1 and 2. These research efforts are being led by Robert Burns. Six sites are being monitored in Iowa and four other sites are being monitored via subcontracts in Nebraska, Minnesota, and South Dakota. During the past year, the following items were monitored and used to evaluate the effectiveness of VTSs: mass of effluent pollutant released from system components, site rainfall and temperature, groundwater pollutant concentrations, and producer site records. Analysis of the VTSs was performed by a project team consisting of university faculty, staff, graduate students, and undergraduate students. Analysis results were both quantitative and qualitative. In the last year, information about the project was disseminated at the annual international meeting for the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, to extension personnel in Iowa, and to state and regional regulatory agencies. Models used to project and evaluate the performance of the systems are being updated and tested; they will be made available to others upon completion and review. The Iowa sites are being used to calibrate the model and the non-Iowa sites will be used to test the model. Funding from the U.S. EPA ended in November 2008; additional funding is now being used through the NRCS CIG program. Objective 3 focuses on technologies to reduce odors, gases, and airborne microflora from animal production systems. Jacek Koziel leads this project for simultaneous treatment of odors, gases, and airborne pathogens using UV treatment. The goal is to develop a cost-effective technology for treatment of odor and pathogens in swine and possibly poultry housing in order to limit their impact on air quality and health. The short term objective is to determine the dose of UV 254 nm, UV 185 nm required for inactivation of odor, odor-causing gases, and airborne pathogens (swine influenza virus (SIV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)) in simultaneous exposure-treatment with UV 254 and UV185 nm light. A multi-disciplinary approach is being used. A standard gas/odor system for generating and measuring gases is in place. The system generates odorous gases including H2S, mercaptans, VFAs, and phenolic compounds responsible for swine odor. NH3 gas and its measurement are included. Odor measurement with a standard ASTM method will be conducted. These areas of engineering are coupled with expertise in quantitative virology and aerobiology. Two major projects focused on fundamental development and testing of UV treatment of gases, odors and pathogens were concluded in late 2008. Final reports have been submitted for dissemination by the grantors: (1) Binational Agricultural Research and Development (USA-Israel) and (2) National Pork Board (USA). There are no outputs to report for Objective 4. The faculty member working on this objective left the university. PARTICIPANTS: Robert Burns, Professor, Department of Agriculutral and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University; Jacek Koziel, Associate Professor, Department of Agriculutral and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University; Lara Moody, Extension Program Assistant,Department of Agriculutral and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University; Daniel Andersen, Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Agriculutral and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University; Bradly Bond, Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Agriculutral and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University; Chris Henry, University of Nebraska, Todd Trooien, South Dakota State University, Steve Pohl, South Dakota State University; Steve Hoff, Professor, Department of Agriculutral and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University; H van Leeuwen; Iowa State University TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is other researchers working in this area who are interested in building on the body of knowledge gained through this work. Extension professionals, industry providers, and producers may be interested in this work to gain an understanding of what may be available in the future to manage nutrients, runoff, and odors at animal feeding operations. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: The faculty member leading objective 4 left the university so there is no new information to report.
Impacts
Objective 1 and 2 - The vegetative treatment systems located in Iowa have been in operation and monitored since 2006 and 2007. The non-Iowa systems begin operation in 2008. During 2008, samples were collected at each site during and following rainfall events generating feedlot runoff; the quantity of effluent flow was also measured. Effluent samples were collected from each component of the vegetative treatment system. Rainfall and temperature data, groundwater samples and depth, and soil samples were also collected for each of the sites. Data collected from the Iowa sites was analyzed and used to calibrate the models used to predict and evaluate system performance. In 2008, in-depth studies of the models were performed to improve their performance. In 2008, the project team from Iowa viewed the non-Iowa sites and worked with the sub-contractors to establish their monitoring protocol. Data collected from the non-Iowa sites will be used to test the final models. Objective 3 - A study was conducted, aiming to explore the potential effectiveness of UV light technologies for simultaneous treatment of odorant and pathogen emissions from livestock and poultry operations. Several key parameters were tested in laboratory scale conditions including: the effects of light energy dose (treatment time and light intensity), relative humidity and air temperature, UV wavelength, presence of photocatalyst (TiO2) and the presence of ozone. Removal and conversion of odor, target gases (sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds S-VOCs, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), phenolics, and ammonia), and airborne pathogens was tested. Up to 100% removal (below method detection level) of S-VOCs, VFAs, and phenolics, the overall odor, and up to 64.5% of ammonia was achieved with optimized treatment. Treatments involving deep UV band (185 nm) and photocatalyst (TiO2) were more efficient in removal/conversion of odorous gases and odor. The estimate of the operational cost of treatment was based on measured emissions of several odorous VOCs from full scale, commercial swine farm ranges from $0.15 to $0.59 per finisher pig. This figure represents significantly lower cost compared with the cost of biofiltration or air scrubbing.
Publications
- Andersen, D., R.T. Burns, L.B. Moody, C. Pedersen. The Use of Soil-Plant-Air-Water Model to Predict the Hydraulic Performance of Vegetative Treatment Areas for Controlling Open Feedlot Runoff. 2008. Proceedings of the 2008 ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 29-July 2, 2008. Andersen, D., R.T. Burns, L.B. Moody, M. Helmers. Comparison of the Soil-Plant-Air-Water Model and the Iowa State University Effluent Limitation Guidlines Model to Replicate Holding Basin Performance. 2008. Proceedings of the 2008 ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 29-July 2, 2008.
- Koziel, J.A, X. Yang, S. Zhang, L. Cai, S. J. Hoff, H. J. Leeuwen, T. Cutler, J. Zimmerman, W. S. Jenks, Y. Laor, U. Ravid, R. Armon. 2008. Treatment of livestock odor and pathogens with ultraviolet photocatalysis. In the proceedings of The 3rd IWA Odour and VOCs Conference, Barcelona, Spain, October 2008.
- Yang, X., J.A. Koziel, T. Cutler, S. Zhang, J. Zimmerman, S.J. Hoff, W. Jenks, J (Hans) van Leeuwen, J. Harmon, C. Faulhaber, Y. Laor, U. Ravid, R. Armon. 2008. Treatment of livestock odor and pathogens with ultraviolet light. ASABE Paper # 085198. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Providence, RI, June, 2008.
- Koziel, J.A., X. Yang, T. Cutler, S. Zhang, J. Zimmerman, S. J. Hoff, W. Jenks, Y. Laor, U. Ravid, R. Armon, J.H. van Leeuwen. 2008. Mitigation of odor and pathogens from CAFAs with UV/TiO2: exploring cost effectiveness. In the proceedings of the Mitigating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations Conference. Des Moines, IA, May, 2008.
- Pepple, L.M, R.V. Muhlbauer, R.T. Burns, L.B. Moody, C. Pedersen, D.S. Andersen, T.A. Shepherd. Validation of a Low Cost Monitoring Vegetative Treatment System Performance. 2008. Proceedings of the 2008 ASABE Annual International Meeting. 2008.
- Yang, Y., J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, S. Hoff, J. Harmon, J.H. van Leeuwen, W.S. Jenks, J. Zimmerman, T. Cutler. 2007. Novel treatment of odor and VOCs using UV photolysis. ASABE paper # 074139. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Minneapolis, MN, June, 2007.
- Koziel, J.A., X. Yang, T. Cutler, S. Zhang, J. Zimmerman, S. Hoff, W.S. Jenks, J.H. van Leeuwen, Y. Laor, U. Ravid, R. Armon. 2008. Treatment of livestock odor and pathogens with ultraviolet photocatalysis. Abstract OP-575 In the proceedings of the AgEng 2008 International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Industry Exhibition, Hersonissos, Greece, June, 2008.
- Koziel, J.A., J. Zimmerman, S. Hoff, H. van Leeuwen, W. Jenks. Research Brief: Simultaneous treatment of odor, VOCs, H2S, NH3, and pathogens with UV light. 2008 Annual Report of the S-1032: Improving the Sustainability of Livestock and Poultry Production in the United States.
- Koziel, J.A., J. Zimmermann, S. Hoff, Y. Laor, U. Ravid, R. Armon. 2009. Simultaneous treatment of odorants and pathogens emitted from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) by advanced oxidation technologies. Final report to the US-Israeli Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD), February, 2009.
- Koziel, J.A., J. Zimmermann, S. Hoff, W. Jenks, H. van Leeuwen. 2009. Simultaneous treatment of swine odor and airborne pathogens by UV254 light. Final report to the National Pork Board, March, 2009.
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