Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objective of this project is to find new breeding lines that have adaptation to eastern potato growing regions, and have qualities that are suitable for either processing or table stock use. Potato germplasm evaluation trials were conducted each year during 10/1/2007 - 9/30/2012 at three locations in Pennsylvania: two potato grower's farms located at Lehigh County and Erie County and Penn State research farm at Rock Springs, Centre County. Each year, about 150 - 200 potato breeding clones/varieties from different potato breeding programs including USDA, Maine, New York, North Carolina, Colorado, Oregon, Michigan, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Idaho and Canada were grown and evaluated for yield and culinary characteristics. The types of varieties evaluated included white-skinned, red/purple-skinned and russet-skinned cultivars and breeding lines. There were also several disease trials and hundreds of varieties and advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Rock Springs for late blight, early blight and common scab resistance and at Potter County for powdery scab resistance each year. The most advanced clones/varieties resulted from our research trials were placed in initial commercial trials to identify production problems that might occur on commercial farms each year. All these germplasm and disease trials were evaluated and the evaluation data were collected and analyzed. The results of germplasm and disease evaluation trials were distributed and presented to potato growers, researchers, and industry each year via personal contacts and consultation, printed research reports, and meetings such as Northeast Regional NE1031 Potato Meeting, Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention, PA Potato Research Program Board Meeting, and local Potato Growers Meetings. We also had potato field demonstration trials at Lehigh County and at Rock Springs each year. The tuber samples of demonstration trials were displayed at Lehigh County and Agricultural Progressive Day at Centre County for growers to look at and ask questions. PARTICIPANTS: The principle investigators are Barbara Christ and Xinshun Qu. They are assisted by Mike Peck and Chad Moore. Mike and Chad's responsibilities include all aspects of the germplasm trails conducted on grower's fields and at Rock Springs. This includes, determining which clones are included in trials, all organization and preparation for planting, all aspects of maintaining the plots, note taking and harvesting. After harvest, they are in charge of all aspects of assessing yield and culinary characters. The disease evaluation trials data collection, data analysis and report writing of all trials are done by Xinshun Qu. He oversees all day-to-day operations of the research program by working closely with Mike Peck. The main collaborators of this project are Dr. Kathleen Haynes from USDA-ARS, Dr. Greg Porter from University of Maine and Dr. Walter De Jong from Cornell University. Several graduate students and undergraduate students participated in this project during summer time each year and we provided them training to conduct field experiments. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience includes: potato growers, industries such as Keystone Products, McCain, Utz, Wise, and other potato chip or French fry companies, potato breeder collaborators, chemical companies, and consultants. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The results of our field potato germplasm and disease evaluation trials and commercial trials provide potato growers and industry information on yield, internal and external defects, specific gravity, overall appearance, disease resistance, processing quality of different potato varieties. Potato growers and industry learned about new potato management information and promising new varieties/breeding clones from our research results. Not only can they use our recommendations provided but they can make their own decisions based on the extensive data tables provided. The data generated from this research is also shared with potato breeders and potato extension specialists and this allows them to make decisions on what cultivars and breeding selections to continue to promote. The disease data is also important to Integrated Pest Management models and strategies. The data collected from these trials are also important to substantiate new potato variety releases. We cooperated with four eastern potato breeding programs (ME, NC, NY, USDA-ARS). Recent potato variety releases from these eastern potato breeding programs were fresh market variety Red Maria (NY) in 2010, chipping varieties Waneta (NY) in 2011, Lamoka (NY) in 2011, and Elkton (USDA-ARS) in 2012. These new varieties provide new marketing opportunities for eastern potato growers and industry.
Publications
- Qu, X. S. and B. J. Christ. 2012. Evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to late blight, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports 6:V110.
- Qu, X. S. and B. J. Christ. 2012. Evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to early blight, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports 6:V111.
- Qu, X. S., M. W. Peck, and B. J. Christ. 2012. Evaluation of fungicides for control of potato late blight, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports 6:V112.
- Qu, X. S., M. W. Peck, and B. J. Christ. 2012. Evaluation of fungicides for control of potato early blight, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports 6:V113.
- Qu, X. S. and B. J. Christ. 2012. Evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to powdery scab, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports 6:V114.
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Potato germplasm evaluation trials were conducted on two potato grower's farms located at Lehigh County and Erie County and on one research field located at Rock Springs, Centre County in 2011. A total of 187 varieties from 7 different breeding programs including USDA, Maine, Cornell, North Carolina, Colorado State, Oregon and Idaho were grown and evaluated for yield and culinary characteristics. There were 93 white-skinned, 57 red/purple-skinned and 37 russet-skinned cultivars and breeding lines. The Lehigh location had 23 lines in replicated plots and 16 in non-replicated observational plots. The Erie location had 20 lines in replicated plots and 32 in non-replicated observational plots. The Rock Springs location had 125 lines in replicated plots and 62 in non-replicated observational plots. We also have specialty plots with 36 lines at Lehigh County and 30 lines at Rock Springs. The tuber samples of specialty plots were displayed at Lehigh County and Agricultural Progressive Day 2011 at Centre County. There were several disease trials to determine if there is resistance in potato clones. One hundred and eighty-eight cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Rock Springs for early blight resistance and resistant clones were identified. Three hundred and forty-six cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Rock Springs for late blight resistance and resistant clones were identified. Five hundred and fifty-three advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Rock Springs for common scab resistance and resistant clones were identified. Fifty-six advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Potter County for powdery scab resistance and resistant clones were identified. All these trials are being harvested and the data are under analysis and the results will be summarized. The summary of the results of all 2011 trials will be distributed to and shared with potato researchers, growers and industries. The results of 2010 trials of germplasm and disease evaluation were presented to potato growers, researchers and industries at Northeast Regional NE1031 Potato Meeting 2011, Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention 2011, PA Potato Research Program Board Meeting 2011 and Lehigh Twilight Potato Meeting 2011. The results of 2010 trials of germplasm and disease evaluation were also summarized in a book entitled "Pennsylvania Potato Research Report, 2010" and the book was distributed to Eastern potato growers, researchers and industries. PARTICIPANTS: The principle investigators are Barbara Christ and Xinshun Qu. They are assisted by Mike Peck and Chad Moore. Mike and Chad's responsibilities include all aspects of the germplasm trails conducted on grower's fields and at Rock Springs. This includes, determining which clones are included in trials, all organization and preparation for planting, all aspects of maintaining the plots, note taking and harvesting. After harvest, they are in charge of all aspects of assessing yield and culinary characters. The disease evaluation trials data collection, data analysis and report writing of all trials are done by Xinshun Qu. He oversees all day-to-day operations of the research program by working closely with Mike Peck. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience includes: potato growers, industries such as Keystone Products, McCain, Utz, Wise and other potato chip or French fry companies, potato breeder collaborators, chemical companies and consultants. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The potato industry (growers, processors, chemical companies, consultants) is provided results from all of the trials conducted. Not only can they use our recommendations provided but they can make their own decisions based on the extensive data tables provided. The data generated from this research is also shared with potato breeders and potato extension specialists and this allows them to make decisions on what cultivars and breeding selections to continue to promote. The disease data is also important to Integrated Pest Management models and strategies. The data collected from these trials are also important to substantiate new potato variety releases.
Publications
- Qu, X. S., L. A. Wanner, and B. J. Christ. 2011. Multiplex real-time PCR (TaqMan) assay for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of potato powdery and common scab diseases and pathogens. Journal of Applied Microbiology 110:7695-777.
- Qu, X. S. and B. J. Christ. 2011. Evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to powdery scab, 2010. Plant Disease Management Reports 5:V089.
- Qu, X. S., M. W. Peck, and B. J. Christ. 2011. Evaluation of fungicides for control of potato late blight, 2010. Plant Disease Management Reports 5:V087.
- Qu, X. S., M. W. Peck, and B. J. Christ. 2011. Evaluation of fungicides for control of potato early blight, 2010. Plant Disease Management Reports 5:V088.
- Qu, X. S. and B. J. Christ. 2011. Evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to late blight, 2010. Plant Disease Management Reports 5:V086.
- Qu, X. S. and B. J. Christ. 2011. Evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to early blight, 2010. Plant Disease Management Reports 5:V085.
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Potato germplasm evaluation trials were conducted on two potato grower's farms located at Lehigh County and Erie County and on one research filed located at Rock Springs, Centre County in 2010. A total of 176 varieties from 7 different breeding programs including USDA, Maine, Cornell, North Carolina, Colorado State, Michigan State and Idaho were grown and evaluated for yield and culinary characteristics. There were 100 white-skinned, 39 red/purple-skinned and 37 russet-skinned cultivars and breeding lines. The Lehigh location had 22 lines in replicated plots and 24 in non-replicated observational plots. The Erie location had 20 lines in replicated plots and 32 in non-replicated observational plots. The Rock Springs location had 135 lines in replicated plots and 41 in non-replicated observational plots. These trials have been harvested and the data is under analysis and the results will be shared with potato growers and industry. We also have specialty plots with 16 lines at Lehigh County, 32 lines at Eric County and 32 lines at Rock Springs. The tuber samples of specialty plots were displayed at Lehigh County, Eric County and Agricultural Progressive Day 2010 at Centre County. There were several disease trials to determine if there is resistance in potato clones. One hundred and thirty-five cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Rock Springs for early blight resistance and resistant clones were identified. One thousand one hundred and twenty-two cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Rock Springs for late blight resistance and resistant clones were identified. Twenty-eight advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Rock Springs for common scab resistance and resistant clones were identified. Sixty-four advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Potter County for powdery scab resistance and resistant clones were identified. The summary of the results of all 2010 trials will be distributed to and shared with potato growers and industry. The results of 2009 trials of germplasm and disease evaluation were presented to potato growers, researchers and industry at Northeast Regional NE1031 Potato Meeting 2010, Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention 2010, PA Potato Research Program Board Meeting 2010 and Lehigh Twilight Potato Meeting 2010. The results of 2009 trials of germplasm and disease evaluation were also summarized in a book entitled "Pennsylvania Potato Research Report, 2009" and the book was distributed to Eastern potato growers, researchers and industry. PARTICIPANTS: The principle investigators are Barbara Christ and Xinshun Qu. They are assisted by Mike Peck and Chad Moore. Mike and Chad's responsibilities include all aspects of the germplasm trails conducted on grower's fields and at Rock Springs. This includes, determining which clones are included in trials, all organization and preparation for planting, all aspects of maintaining the plots, note taking and harvesting. After harvest, they are in charge of all aspects of assessing yield and culinary characters. The disease evaluation trials data collection, data analysis and report writing of all trials are done by Xinshun Qu. He oversees all day-to-day operations of the research program by working closely with Mike Peck. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience includes: potato growers, industries such as Keystone Products, McCain, Utz, Wise and other potato chip or French fry companies, potato breeder collaborators, chemical companies and consultants. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The potato industry (growers, processors, chemical companies, consultants) is provided results from all of the trails conducted. Not only can they use our recommendations provided but they can make their own decisions based on the extensive data tables provided. The data generated from this research is also shared with potato breeders and potato extension specialists and this allows them to make decisions on what cultivars and breeding selections to continue to promote. The disease data is also important to Integrated Pest Management models and strategies. The data collected from these trials are also important to substantiate new potato variety releases.
Publications
- Santa Cruz, J. H., K. G. Haynes, and B. J. Christ. 2009. Effects of One Cycle of Recurrent Selection for Early Blight Resistance in a Diploid Hybrid Solanum phureja-S. stenotomum Population. American Journal of Potato Research 86:490-498.
- Qu, X. S. and B. J. Christ. 2010. Incidence of powdery scab on potato cultivars and breeding lines, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:V073.
- Qu, X. S. and B. J. Christ. 2010. Severity of late blight on potato cultivars and breeding lines, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:V074.
- Qu, X. S. and B. J. Christ. 2010. Severity of early blight on potato cultivars and breeding lines, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:V075.
- Qu, X. S., M. W. Peck, and B. J. Christ. 2010. Fungicidal control of late blight on potato, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:V076.
- Qu, X. S., M. W. Peck, and B. J. Christ. 2010. Fungicidal control of early blight on potato, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:V077.
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Potato germplasm evaluation trials were conducted on two potato grower's farms located at Lehigh County and Erie County and on one research field located at Rock Springs, Centre County in 2009. A total of 169 varieties from 6 different breeding programs including USDA, Maine, Cornell, Colorado State, Michigan State and Idaho were grown and evaluated for yield and culinary characteristics. There were 91 white-skinned, 29 red/purple-skinned, 30 russet-skinned and 19 check varieties. The Lehigh location had 20 lines in replicated plots and 33 in non-replicated observational plots. The Erie location had 16 lines in replicated plots and 36 in non-replicated observational plots. The Rock Springs location had 132 lines in replicated plots and 38 in non-replicated observational plots. The trials have been harvested and the data is under analysis and the results will be shared with potato growers and industry. We also have specialty plots with 29 lines at Lehigh County and 16 lines at Eric County. The tuber samples of specialty plots were displayed at Agricultural Progressive Day 2009. There were several disease trials to determine if there is resistance in potato clones. Thirty cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Rock Springs for early blight resistance and resistant clones were identified. Eighty advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Rock Springs for late blight resistance and resistant clones were identified. Twenty-one advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Rock Springs for common scab resistance and resistant clones were identified. Thirty advanced breeding lines were evaluated at Potter County for powdery scab resistance and resistant clones were identified. The summary of the results of all 2009 trials will be distributed to and shared with potato growers and industry. The results of 2008 trials of germplasm and disease evaluation were presented to potato growers, researchers and industry at Northeast Regional NE1031 Potato Meeting 2008, Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention 2009, PA Potato Research Program Board Meeting 2009 and Lehigh Twilight Potato Meeting 2009. The results of 2008 trials of germplasm and disease evaluation were also summarized in a book entitled 'Pennsylvania Potato Research Report, 2008' and the book was distributed to Eastern potato growers, researchers and industry. PARTICIPANTS: The principle investigators are Barbara Christ and Xinshun Qu. They are assisted by Mike Peck and Chad Moore. Mike and Chad's responsibilities include all aspects of the germplasm trails conducted on grower's fields and at Rock Springs. This includes, determining which clones are included in trials, all organization and preparation for planting, all aspects of maintaining the plots, note taking and harvesting. After harvest, they are in charge of all aspects of assessing yield and culinary characters. The disease evaluation trials data collection, data analysis and report writing of all trials are done by Xinshun Qu. He oversees all day-to-day operations of the research program by working closely with Mike Peck. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience includes: potato growers, industries such as Keystone Products, McCain, Utz, Wise and other potato chip or french fry companies, potato breeder collaborators, chemical companies and consultants. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The potato industry (growers, processors, chemical companies, consultants) is provided results from all of the trails conducted. Not only can they use our recommendations provided but they can make their own decisions based on the extensive data tables provided. The data generated from this research is also shared with potato breeders and potato extension specialists and this allows them to make decisions on what cultivars and breeding selections to continue to promote. The disease data is also important to Integrated Pest Management models and strategies. The data collected from these trials are also important to substantiate new potato variety releases.
Publications
- Wickramasinghe, W. M. D. K., X. S. Qu, S. Costanzo, K. G. Haynes, and B. J. Christ. 2009. Development of PCR-based markers linked to quantitative resistance to late blight in a diploid hybrid potato population of Solanum phureja x S. stenotomum. American Journal of Potato Research 86:188-195.
- Haynes, K. G., B. J. Christ, C. R. Burkhart, and B. T. Vinyard. 2009. Heritability of resistance to common scab in diploid potatoes. American Journal of Potato Research 86:165-170.
- Haynes, K. G., B. J. Christ, and B. T. Vinyard. 2008. Determining the importance of combining ability for late blight resistance in early generations of potato breeding when susceptible clones are discarded. American Journal of Potato Research 85:445-454.
- May, S. R., B. J. Christ, and M. W. Peck. 2009. Fungicidal control of late blight on potato, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:V062.
- Christ, B. J. and S. R. May. 2009. Severity of foliar late blight on potato cultivars and breeding lines, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:V063.
- Christ, B. J. and S. R. May. 2009. Severity of early blight on potato cultivars and breeding lines, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:V064.
- Christ, B. J., X. Qu, and S. R. May. 2009. Incidence of powdery scab on tubers of potato cultivars and breeding lines, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:V065.
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Potato germplasm evaluation trials were conducted on two potato grower's farms located in major potato producing regions of PA. At these locations approximately 25 advanced potato clones were grown in replicated plots and evaluated for yield and culinary characteristics. These results will be shared with the industry. Another potato evaluation trial was located at Rock Springs, Centre County located near campus. At this location 223 potato clones were examined with 116 in replicated plots and 107 in non-replicated observational plots. In the collective germplasm evaluated there were 129 (60 replicated and 69 observational) white-skinned, 54 (33 replicated and 21 observational) red/purple -skinned and 40 (23 replicated and 17 observational) russet skinned clones/varieties. Of these clones approximately 40% will be discarded due to low yield. The remaining clones will be re-evaluated with those that had the best qualities to be evaluated on grower's farms for 2009. There were several disease trials to determine if there is resistance in potato clones. Two trials focused on late blight and from them, 15 clones were identified as resistant including: OR03029-2, A97066-42LB, A96814-65LB, B2460-23, B2424-82, B2432-33, AF2376-5, MSM171-A, MSM182-1, MSL268-D, MSQ070-1, W5015-5, W63660-1, AWN86514-2, B0692-4, and B0718-3. There were two trials for early blight with these clones from one trial showing some degree of resistance including AF2291-10, B2460-23, W2683-2rus and W5716-1rus. In the second trial for named potato varieties, 24 had higher levels of resistance than Kennebec. These included: Rideau, Gem Chip, Hampton, Ranger Russet, Strobrawa, Suncrisp, Carola, Butte, Delta Gold, Desiree, NorDonna, Saco, All Blue, Allegany, Arran Consul, Blue Mac, Bzura, Libertas, Bertita, Robijn, Alturas, Ontario, Bannock Russet, and Greta. A trial for common scab resistance was conducted and from that154 clones out of 347 should possible resistance to common scab. This trial would need to be repeated to eliminate escapes. A second trial for common scab was conducted and the data is still under analysis. Another trial was conducted for powdery scab. There were 45 clones in replicated plots. The data on disease assessment has not yet been collected. PARTICIPANTS: The principle investigator is Barbara Christ and Mike Peck, Chad Moore, Sara May and Xinshun Qu assist her. Mike Peck s responsibilities include all aspects of the germplasm trails conducted on grower's fields and at Rock Springs. This includes, determining which clones are included in trials, all organization and preparation for planting, all aspects of maintaining the plots, note taking and harvesting. After harvest, he is in charge of all aspects of assessing yield and culinary characters. Chad Moore assists him. Sara May's responsibilities include all aspects of the disease evaluation trials including the assessments, data analysis and report writing of all trials including those conducted by Mike. Part-time undergraduate students assist her. There was a graduate student, Jose Santa Cruz who conducted the early blight trials. There is a postdoctoral assistant, Xinshun Qu who has conducted research on common and powdery scab. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience was potato growers, industries such as Keystone Products, McCain, Utz, Wise and other potato chip or French fry companies, as well as potato breeder collaborators. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The information generated in this research program assists, extension staff to make recommendations of varieties based on disease resistance. This same data is used by potato breeders to make selections. The disease data from potato varieties can be put into IPM models to reduce the use of fungicides. New varieties when released have enough yield data to determine the best region for growing that variety and for what end uses will that variety be suitable which will determine how to market it.
Publications
- Christ, B. J. and S. R. May. 2008. Severity of early blight on potato cultivars and breeding lines, 2007. Plant Dis. Mgmt. Reports, Report No. 2:V109.
- Christ, B. J. and S. R. May. 2008. Severity of late blight on potato cultivars and breeding lines, 2007. Plant Dis. Mgmt. Reports, Report No. 2:V110.
- Santa Cruz, J. H., B. J. Christ, and K. G. Haynes. 2008. Inheritance of resistance to early blight disease in a diploid hybrid Solanumphureja-S. stenotomum population after one cycle of recurrent selection. Phytopathology. 98:S140.
- May, S. R., B. J. Christ, and M. W. Peck. 2008. Fungicidal control of late blight on potatoes, 2007. Plant Dis. Mgmt. Reports, Report No. 2:V105.
- May, S. R., B. J. Christ, and M. W. Peck. 2008. Fungicidal control of early blight on potatoes, 2007. Plant Dis. Mgmt. Reports, Report No. 2:V104.
- Christ, B. J., X. Qu, and S. R. May. 2008. Fungicidal control of powdery scab on potatoes, 2007. Plant Dis. Mgmt. Reports, Report No. 2:V108.
- May, S. R., B. J. Christ, and M. W. Peck. 2008. Fungicidal control of common scab on potatoes, 2007. Plant Dis. Mgmt. Reports, Report No. 2:V103.
- Qu, X. and B. J. Christ. 2007. In vitro culture of the obligate parasite Spongospora subterranea (Cercozoa; Plasmodiophorida) associated with root-inducing transferred-DNA transformed potato hairy roots. J. Eukarot. Microbiol. 54:465-467.
- Qu, X., L. A. Wanner, and B. J. Christ. 2008. Using the TxtABoperon to quantify pathogenic Streptomyces in potato tubers and soil. Phytopathology. 98:405-412.
- Christ, B. J. 2008. Common scab, silver scurf and Rhizoctonia ruining the potatoes appearance. In: Proceedings for the 2008 Mid-Atlantic Vegetable Convention. pp. 117-118.
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