Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Other scientists and farmers were the target audiences reached during this year Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Four graduate students received training. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Seminars, workshops and publications have been used to disseminate the results to both the scientific and farm communities. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Hybrid embryo production and use of hybrids in the catfish industry is steadily expanding. 175 million hybrid fry were produced last year. It is estimated that 50% of all catfish production in the US will be hybrids this year.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Dunham, R. A., A. C. R. Ramboux and D. A. Perera. 2014. Effect of strain on the growth, survival and sexual dimorphism of channel X blue catfish hybrids grown in earthen ponds. Aquaculture. 420-421S1: S20-24. doi.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.07.019.
Dunham, R. A., A. C. R. Ramboux and D. A. Perera. 2014. Effect of strain on tolerance of low dissolved oxygen of channel X blue catfish hybrids. Aquaculture. 420-421S1:S25-28. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.09.039
Chatakondi, Nagaraj G; Davis, Kenneth B. 2013.Maturity stage and plasma testosterone levels are related to sperm production in blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus.Aquaculture Research 44.2 : 161-166.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Several scientific presentations were made in the US, Thailand and Vietnam. Information gained has also been incorporated into teaching materials and courses. Scientific papers have been produced PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
We successfully produced xenogenic channel catfish, becoming the first research group in North America to accomplish xenogenesis in fish.Putative spermatogonia A, and primordial germ cells from a fresh cell isolate or a density gradient-centrifuged isolate from blue catfish testes were transplanted into the gonads of male and female triploid channel catfish. The live cells were introduced to the gonads of the host via catheterization or by surgically inserting the cells directly into the gonad.Both triploid channel catfish, one of each sex, that were injected with density gradient sorted blue catfish stem cells contained blue catfish cells in their testes and ovaries, 60 days after injection based on DNA evidence.One female triploid channel catfish and two males had a mixture of fresh testicular cells from blue catfish introduced by catheterization via the genital and urogenital opening, respectively. After 60 days, blue catfish cells were undetectable in the female, but were found in both males. Based on subjective observation, the gonads of the manipulated fish doubled in size, which is further evidence that stem cells colonized and began to proliferate, although one possibility is normal gonadal growth.Our technique was very effective as 80% of the manipulated host fish accepted and colonized the foreign cells, and may be an improvement compared to transfer of stems cells into blastulae and late stage embryos. Fry injected with fresh blue catfish testicular cell isolates had a 17% colonization rate, and those injected with cultured cells had a 10% colonization rate when tested with DNA markers 14 days after injection with the putative stem cells. We were unsuccessful in transferring cryopreserved stem cells into channel catfish fry (0/30). In the case of channel catfish blastulae, 43.5% of the injected embryos that survived were xenogenic. These fish were analyzed for blue catfish DNA 18 days after injection.We have also determined that under ideal conditions, 300-350 blastulas can be injected per hour, 200-250 fry injected per hour, 20 gonads can be injected per hour and 30-40 gonads can be catheterized per hour.Another key component to the proposed technology is the ability of triploid catfish carrying diploid gametes to exhibit sexual behavior. Twelve triploid channel catfish males (non-xenogenic) were paired in aquaria with normal, diploid channel catfish females. Females were hormone induced with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. The triploid males exhibited, aggressive sexual behavior, and despite being considerably smaller than the females, the males were able to induce the females to deposit eggs in 75% of the pairings.We were able to demonstrate that white catfish can become sexually mature at one year of age, and they produced 7,000-8,000 eggs/kg confirming their potential as a host for accelerated xenogenesis. Brown bullheads were difficult to spawn, and were not good potential hosts for xenogenesis. Domestic white catfish were easier to induce ovulation and conduct artificial fertilization than wild white catfish.
Publications
- Gima, M. E. , A. Gima, A. Hutson, A. Chaimongkol, R. Beam, D. A. Perera and R. A. Dunham. 2013. Realized heritability and response to selection for fecundity, hatching rate and fry/kg for channel catfish females (Ictalurus punctatus) induced to ovulate and fertilized with blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) males for the production of hybrid catfish embryos. Aquaculture. In press.
- Dunham, R.A. and D. Perera. 2013. History of the aquaculture genetics program at Auburn University. Aquaculture. In press
- Perera, D. A. 2012. Studies for Improvement of Reproductive Biotechnology for Production of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Female and Blue Catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Male Hybrid Embryos Doctoral Dissertation, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
- Dunham, R.A. and Masser, M.P. 2012. Production of hybrid catfish. SRAC Publication No. 190.
- Dunham, R. A. 2012. Chapter 7. Genetics. Pp 138-163 in Lucas J.S. and Southgate P.C. (eds). Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants, 2nd edition.Wiley-Blackwell. xvi + 629
- Chatakondi, N. G., R. D. Yant, A. Kristanto, G. M. Umali-Maceina and R. A. Dunham. 2011. The effect of LHRHa (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog) regime and stage of gonadal maturity for induced ovulation of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 42:845-853
- Phelps, R. P., R. Hastey, J. Broach, A. Pendetar, L. Linley, N. Papanikos and R. A. Dunham. 2011. Brood selection criteria for induced spawning of channel catfish for the production of channel x blue catfish hybrid fry and the influence of temperature. North American Journal of Aquaculture: 73:180-186.
- Su, B., D. A. Perera, Y. Zohar, E. Abraham, J. Stubblefield, M. Fobes, R. Beam, B. Argue, C. Ligeon, J. Padi, P. Waters, G. Umali-Maceina, N. Chatakondi, A. Kristanto, A. Hutson, C. Templeton, J. Ballenger, A. Chaimongkol, A. Gima, M. Gima, A. Zuberi, D. M. Lambert, S. Kim, M. Mandour, R. A. Dunham. 2013. Relative effectiveness of carp pituitary extract, luteininzing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) injections and LHRHa implants for producing hybrid catfish fry. Aquaculture. 372-375: 133-136.
- Su, B., D. A. Perera, X. Mu, and R. A. Dunham. 2013. Effect of sodium chloride on hatching rate on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, embryos. Journal of Applied Aquaculture. In press.
- Fobes, M.C. 2013. Controlled Spawning of White Catfish, Ictalurus catus, and Brown Bullhead Catfish, Ameiurus nebulosus, Using Carp Pituitary Extract and LHRHa. M. S. Thesis. Auburn University, AL.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Results were disseminated in a series of scientific meetings. PARTICIPANTS: Primary participants this year were Rex Dunham and Nagaraj Chatakondi. Several students and a visiting scientist were provided training and professional development in this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Published manuscript and presentations targeted scientists and farmers in increasing the knowledge of hybrid production. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Carbopol and cholesterol sustained release LHRHa implants synchronized maturation and improved ovulation of channel catfish compared to LHRHa suspension. Improved maturation of ovulated eggs also resulted in higher hatching success of hybrid embryos. Catfish oil incorporated as a dietary lipid supplement improved the oocyte fatty acid profile and subsequent reproductive performance of channel catfish. At 5% catfish oil supplementation to the brood fish diet, a higher percent of catfish females attained a threshold level of maturity suitable for hormone induced spawning, ovulating response, fecundity and hybrid embryo production.Hatching waters with 50 ppm of calcium hardness was identified as the optimal level to hatch hybrid embryos, which is higher than the recommended 10 ppm of calcium hardness to hatch channel catfish embryos. The results also suggest that hatching hybrid embryos at suboptimum level of calcium hardness in hatching waters significantly reduce the hatching success of hybrid embryos.Channel catfish and blue catfish cell cultures were established from testes of fingerlings.Tentative classification of the cell types was made. Cell counting procedures were established and improved. Fuller's earth and bromelain (pineapple enzyme) were compared for their ability to prevent adhesiveness of the eggs prior to introduction into the pressure chamber. Bromelain was used shortly post fertilization to fragment the egg mass and separate the eggs, while the Fuller's earth was used concurrently with the activation step of dry fertilization. Both de-adhesion techniques showed promise, and hatch rates were encouraging. The Bromelain was successful at fragmenting a large egg mass into smaller clumps. However, separation into individual eggs was difficult. Also, Bromelain if not used correctly will cause the eggs to totally digest due to the proteolytic nature of the enzyme. Fuller's earth was easier to use and more effective in individual egg separation. It was also safer as dosage does not need to precise, and accidentally over treating the eggs will not lead to mortality. Additionally, handing stress is reduced as de-adhesion, fertilization, and activation is done in one step. Fresh, cultured and cryopreserved putative stem cells from blue catfish were introduced to triploid channel catfish via microinjection and electroporation. Techniques were developed for mass injection of embryos while allowing for high survival rates, and several hundreds of putative xenogenic embryos were produced. Several normal triploid channel catfish males were mated with diploid channel catfish females. Despite being small these males exhibited normal courtship, and were able to induce the females to ovulate and deposit eggs.
Publications
- Chatakondi,N.G., R. D. Yant, A. Kristanto, G. M. Umali-Maceina and R. A. Dunham. 2011. The effect of LHRHa (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog) regime and stage of gonadal maturity for induced ovulation of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society.42: 845-853
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Channel, white and hybrid catfish were produced as surrogates for stem cells from blue and channel catfish. These fish are being grown to maturity for breeding as an alternative system to produce hybrid catfish. 20% PEG in cellulose acetated implants resulted in the best hybrid catfish embryo production. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Catfish researchers are the target audience PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The best formulation for cellulose acetate imlants was identified
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Information was dissemintated to farmers and at several scientific meetings PARTICIPANTS: Rex Dunham, Allen Davis, Royall Broughton, Nagaraj Chatakondi, Brian Bosworth and David Heikes made contributions. TARGET AUDIENCES: Catish farmers , adminstrators , government agencies and researchers were the target audiences PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: none
Impacts
Technology from this project is being used by a larger and larger number of farms. Hybrid embryo production increased to 65 million fry. Ceullose acetate implants produced more hybrid fry/kg than EVAC implants. If brood fish are in good condition going into the spring, minimal benefit is obtained from using highly fortified diets. Hybrids had suprerior fillet and carcass yield during all seasons. Flex graders greatly facilitated harvest and eliminated gilling problems. LHRH implants and injections stimulated estradiol release in channel catfish females. The estradiol output was higher for implants than injections and higher for ovulating fish than non-ovulating fish
Publications
- Quintero, H. E. Durland, D. A. Davis, and R. Dunham. 2009. Effects of Lipid Supplementation on Reproductive Performance of Female Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Induced and Strip-Spawned for Hybridization. Aquaculture Nutrition. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00709.x
- Durland, E. R. H. E. Quintero D. A. Davis, R. A. Dunham. 2009. Influence of forage fish and dietary lipid supplements on egg quality and fry production in channel catfish ) x blue catfish () hybridization. Aquaculture Nutrition. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00647.x
- Kristanto, A.H., G. Umali, R. Beam and R. A. Dunham. 2009. Effect of post- manufacturing processing and shipping of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist on induced ovulation for production of channel catfish female X blue catfish male hybrid fry. North American Journal of Aquaculture. 71:307-311.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: A hybrid catfish symposium was conducted at the WAS meeting in Orlando, Florida. Several small workshops were conducted with farmers to disseminate information from this project PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences were catfish farmers and research scientists PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
A flex grader seine was proven to be effective for grading hybrid catfish without causing gilling. Selection for hybrid embryo output was important than selection for spawning at cold temperatures to increase fry output early in the spawning season. Strain differences in hybrid fry output were apparent. Cellulose acetate implants were effective for producing hybrid embryos, but EVAC implants were more effective. Dosage for LHRHa implants can be reduced to 90ug/kg female body weight without loss of effectiveness for artificial spawning and production of hybrid embryos.
Publications
- Durland, E. R., H. E. Quintero, D. A. Davis and R.A. Dunham. 2009. Influence of forage fish and dietary lipid supplements on egg quality and fry production in channel catfish (♀) x blue catfish (♂ ) hybridization. Aquaculture Nutrition. In press.
- Phelps, R. P., R. Hastey, A. Pendetar, L. Linley, N. Papanikos and R. A. Dunham. 2009. Brood selection criteria for induced spawning of channel catfish and the production of channel x blue catfish hybrid fry and the influence of temperature. North American Journal of Aquaculture: in press
- Quintero, H. E., A. Hutson, A. Chaimongkol, A. Davis, A. Abebe, and R. Dunham. 2009. Effects of varying dietary protein levels and feeding frequencies on condition and reproductive performance of channel catfish to produce hybrid catfish. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. In press.
- Kristanto, A.H., G. Umali, R. Beam and R. A. Dunham. 2009. Effect of post-manufacturing processing and shipping of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist on induced ovulation for production of channel catfish female X blue catfish male hybrid fry. North American Journal of Aquaculture: in press.
- Dunham, R. A., G. M. Umali, R. Beam, A. H. Kristanto, and M. Trask. 2008.Comparison of production traits of the NWAC103 channel catfish, NWAC103 channel X blue hybrid catfish, Kansas select 21 channel catfish and blue catfish grown at commercial densities and exposed to natural bacterial epizootics. North American Journal of Aquaculture: 70:98-106
- Gima, M. E. 2008. Realized heritability and response to selection for hatching rate and fry/kg for channel catfish females (Ictalurus punctatus) induced to ovulate and fertilized with blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) males for the production of hybrid catfish embryos. M. S. Thesis. Auburn University, AL.
- Hutson, A. M. 2008. A QTL map for growth and morphometric traits using a channel catfish x blue catfish interspecific hybrid system. Doctoral Dissertation. Auburn University, AL
- Dunham, R.A. 2007. Comparison of six generations of selection, interspecific hybridization, intraspecific crossbreeding and gene transfer for growth improvement in ictalurid catfish. Aquaculture. 272 (supplement 1): S252-S253.
- Phelps, R. P., R. Hastey, A. Pendetar, L. Linley, N. Papanikos and R. A. Dunham. 2007. Effects of temperature on the induced spawning of channel catfish and the production of channel x blue catfish hybrid fry. Aquaculture: 273:80-86.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: 1) A recommended channel catfish brood stock feed containing elevated protein, vitamin C,vitamin E, menhaden oil, DHA and ARA. 2) A blue catfish male brood stock feeding protocol including a combination of pelleted feed and frozen forage. 3) A grading sock containig flex grader panels for grading hybrid catfish. The results are being disseminated at a variey of farmer meetings, workshops and scientific meetings
PARTICIPANTS: Dunham, R. A.; Davis, D. A.; Broughton, R.; Chatakondi, N. Zohar, Y. Wang, H.; Kelly, A.; Davis, K.; Heikes, D.; Simco, B.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Catfish farming industry----specifically farmers, processors, seine manufacturers, researchers and feed mills
Impacts
A one-inch mesh grading sock with flex grading panels successfully graded food size hybrid catfish. Best results were obtained when fish were allowed to grade overnight.The total ascorbic acid (TAA) content of ovulated eggs and the testes of brood stock fed APP supplemented diet was significantly (P< 0.01) higher as compared to parents fed commercial diet. Vitamin E levels also increased in the tissues of the brood fish fed the enhanced diets. Mean egg quality increased with increasing mean vitamin C in the diet. Moreover, fry produced from APP supplemented parent stock showed better growth performance. Final body weight of fry whose parents were fed the control, APP500 and APP1,000 diets was 0.90, 1.84 and 1.96g, respectively. The body weights of fry were positively correlated with the amount ascorbic acid in eggs, whereas TAA in testis showed no significant correlation on the growth rate of fry. The result indicated that there was significant difference among the APP
supplemented and commercial (C control) groups, but no significant difference was observed between experimental groups (APP500 and APP1,000). This suggest that approximately 500 mg/kg vitamin C (APP500) is adequate for better reproductive performance of I. punctatus and for sufficient deposition of ascorbic acid in the eggs for better performance of the fry.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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