INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF MITE PESTS AND POWDERY MILDEW DISEASES ON PERENNIAL HOSTS

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: 3D GRANT
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 0211859
• Grant No.: 2007-41530-03913
• Cumulative Award Amt.: $60,000.00
• Proposal No.: 2007-04126
• Project Start Date: Sep 15, 2007
• Project End Date: Sep 14, 2010
• Grant Year: 2007
• Program Code: [QQ.W]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
CORVALLIS,OR 97331

Performing Department
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION

Non Technical Summary
Hops (Humulus lupulus) and grapes (Vitis vinifera) are economically important crops in the Pacific Northwest US, with an impact estimated at more than $3 billion annually. The economic sustainability of these industries is threatened by rising pest management costs, increasing international competition, emergence of new mite pests in these systems, and by crop losses from economically damaging populations of mite pests and powdery mildew levels. Growers currently rely on multiple applications of miticides and fungicides (e.g., sulfur), an attempt to control these problems. A dedicated and focused research effort in combination with extension education of the knowledge gained in these studies to the stakeholders will promote biological control, minimize pesticide use, and lower grower production costs. The purpose of this project is to develop IPM strategies for control of spider mites, eriophyid mites, and powdery mildew diseases on grapes and hops, and ultimately encourage grower adoption of practices. The project intends to enhance our understanding of how sulfur applications for powdery mildew control affect biocontrol agents of mite pests and enhance the reliability of biocontrol for mite pests. It may be possible to conserve biocontrol agents by limiting sulfur applications during critical periods of predator colonization, reproduction, and/or dispersal. An integrated pest management program is being developed that minimizes pesticide use, promotes biocontrol, and understands the phenology and nature of the pests and their natural enemies involved in the systems.

Animal Health Component

100%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

(N/A)

Applied

100%

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
216	1131	1130	50%
216	2230	1130	50%

Knowledge Area
216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
1131 - Wine grapes; 2230 - Hops;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology;

Keywords

humulus lupulus

vitis vinifera

podosphaera macularis

uncinula necator

calepitrimerus vitis

colomerus vitis

tetranychus urticae;

Goals / Objectives
The extension effort planned in Oregon and Washington seeks to evaluate current knowledge and extend IPM strategy approaches to grape and hop growers by: 1) evaluating adoption of strategies by growers; 2) transferring knowledge about IPM strategies developed from project to stakeholders including producers, extension personnel, agricultural consultants, and research scientists; and 3) producing and disseminating materials from knowledge gained.

Project Methods
Close communications and partnerships with grape and hop growers and on-farm research characterize this effort. Extension bulletins, referred-journal articles, newsletter production, annual grower meetings, and professional society meetings have been identified and described in more detail below. Stakeholders have identified a need to reduce hop production costs by 30% to remain economically solvent and competitive. The goal of this project is to develop IPM strategies for control of mites and mildew that meet this stakeholder goal. Results of studies will be summarized in extension bulletins that present a review of the life history of pest mites and their natural enemies on grapevine and hops, key natural enemies, and strategies to enhance conservation biological control and management of powdery mildew. A version will be released as color extension bulletins through Oregon and Washington State University. Study results will be distributed to stakeholder through electronic formats, including the websites of the Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook (http://pnwpest.org/pnw/insects), the Hop Information Network (http://fruit.wsu.edu/hops/site%20folder/wsuhops.html) and WSU fruit pathology (http://fruit.wsu.edu/). Pest management strategies will be presented to stakeholders at annual grower meetings and field days in Oregon and Washington. Representatives of regulatory agencies such as the U.S. EPA will be invited to annual meetings and fields days. Stakeholders will be provided annual project updates and summaries via newletters and meetings, beginning in 2007 and continuing through project completion. Results will be presented at regional and national professional society meetings, as well as the 2007 to 2010 summer and winter meetings of the Hop Research Council, Washington and Oregon Associations of Wine Grape Growers. We will summarize the results of these studies and prepare a feature articles for trade publications relevant to the stakeholders of this project, including Modern Brewery Age, the Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemist, and Practical Winery and Vineyards. These publications are circulated nationally and will deliver study results to IPM-decision makers and brewers who directly contract and work with hop producers. This proposed project has a high probability for implementation and success. We will develop and distribute a short pre- and post-survey to hop and grapevine growers in Oregon and Washington to document adoption of IPM practices developed in this project. The survey will be distributed to stakeholders for written input on various factors including changes in pest management practices and reduction in miticide/insecticide use as a result of this project. The surveys will be disseminated at the 2007-2008 (pre-survey) and 2009-2010 (post-survey) annual meetings of the Hop Research Council, Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers, Oregon Winegrowers' Association, and will provide verifiable evidence of grower adoption of IPM techniques and their economic and environmental impact.

Progress 09/15/07 to 09/14/10

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Project Director retired from Oregon State University in 2010.

Publications

Progress 09/15/07 to 09/14/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Surveys were also conducted to document the impacts of this project. In order to implement a survey at Oregon State University, a test, application, informed consent with purpose and procedures must be submitted. All documents have been submitted to Institutional Review Board, Office of Sponsored Programs and Research Compliance. An online survey was sent out to participants of the Southern Oregon and Columbia Gorge Vineyard Field Day Tour held July 31st and August 5, 2008, respectively. An additional survey has been prepared and will be sent out winter 2009 to document changes in grower awareness and implementation of IPM practices, and to make decisions concerning future project and research activities. Dreves et al. Dec. 9-12, 2007. Relationship between rust mites, Calepitrimerus vitis (Acari: Eriophyidae), bud mites Colomeris vitis (Acari: Eriophyidae) and short shoot syndrome in Oregon vineyards. 55th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. Dreves et al. Dec. 9-12, 2007. Beneficial organisms associated with pesticide spray regimes in northwest Oregon vineyards. 55th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. Dreves et al. March 2008. The impact of pesticides on beneficial organisms in Northwest Oregon Vineyards. Pacific Branch Entomological Society meeting. Gent, D. H. 2007. Biology, Epidemiology, and Management of Hop Diseases. Winter Meeting of the Hop Research Council. January 24, 2007, Yakima, Washington. Gent, D. H. 2007. Biology, Epidemiology, and Management of Hop Diseases. Winter Meeting of the Hop Research Council. August 7, 2007, Salem, Oregon. Gent, D. H. 2008. Biology, Epidemiology, and Management of Hop Diseases. Winter Meeting of the Hop Research Council. January 23, 2008, Portland, Oregon. Gent, D. H. 2008. Biology, Epidemiology, and Management of Hop Diseases. Winter Meeting of the Hop Research Council. August 1, 2008 Yakima, Washington. James, D. G. 2007. Development of Hop Integrated Pest Management Strategies. Winter Meeting of the Hop Research Council. January 24, 2007, Yakima, Washington. James, D. G. 2007. Development of Hop Integrated Pest Management Strategies. Winter Meeting of the Hop Research Council. August 7, 2007, Salem, Oregon. James, D. G. 2008. Development of Hop Integrated Pest Management Strategies. Winter Meeting of the Hop Research Council. January 23, 2008, Portland, Oregon. James, D. G. 2008. Development of Hop Integrated Pest Management Strategies. Summer Meeting of the Hop Research Council. August 1, 2008 Yakima, Washington. Walton et al. March 2008. Pacific Branch Entomological Society Meeting. May 7, 2008 Vineyard Growers Field Day in Willamette Valley June 12, 2008 Grape Day in the Umpqua: 1 day of seminars July 31, 2008 Southern Oregon Annual Vineyard Tour Aug. 5, 2008 Columbia Gorge Vineyard Field Day PARTICIPANTS: Glenn C. Fisher, Vaughn M. Walton, and Amy J. Dreves, Oregon State University David H. Gent, USDA ARS David G. James, Washington State University TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers, crop consultants, and other pest managers involved with IPM decision making. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
The phenology and population dynamics of arthropod pests and natural enemies were identified and quantified in hop yards and vineyards in relation to the timing of sulfur applications. In Year 1 and 2 of the regional project, fungicide programs that exacerbate and suppress spider mite and eriophyid pests were identified. Indirect effects of sulfur on spider mite dispersal and fecundity were identified and quantified, and suggested strategies to integrate control of mite pests, powdery mildew, and maintain natural enemies to optimize conservation biological control. For grapevine studies in Washington, population monitoring of eriophyid mite populations commenced at four Washington vineyards in the Walla Walla and Yakima Valleys providing information on abundance, seasonality and associated populations of predatory mites. Difficulties were experienced in getting viticulturists not to use recommended management strategies for rust mite management, thus blocks not treated with sulfur were hard to obtain. The recommended spring spray program using sulfur was adopted widely and appeared to be overwhelmingly successful with no serious damage to grape shoots and berry formation reported from any appellation in eastern Washington in 2007. Population monitoring showed very low populations of eriophyids in all sampled vineyards from April to September, with very little summer bronzing of leaves reported, compared to previous seasons. In hops in Washington and Oregon, plots treated with sulfur early-season tended to have the lowest populations of spider mites, and while applications beginning in mid-June had the highest mite populations. In Oregon in 2007, late sulfur applications required the application of multiple miticides to contain the outbreak, whereas mite outbreaks were contained with a single miticide application in the other treatments. Populations of other predatory insects, individually or combined, did not vary among treatments. However, predatory mite populations were very low in the experimental yard in Corvallis in 2007 and 2008. The reason for the increase in spider mite populations in response to treatment with sulfur at the Corvallis location does not appear to be related to toxicity to natural enemies, and appears related to increased dispersal (repulsion) of mites.

Publications

• Gent, D. H., James, D. G., Wright, L. C., Barbour, J. D., Dreves, A. J., Fisher, G. C., and Walton, V. M. 2008. Effects of powdery mildew fungicide programs on two spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae), hop aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae), and their natural enemies in hop yards. J. Econ. Entomol. In press.
• Walton, V. M., Dreves, A. J., Gent, D. H., James, D. G., Martin, R. R., Chambers, U., and Skinkis, P. A. 2007. Relationship between rust mites Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa), bud mites Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and short shoot syndrome in Oregon vineyards. Internat. J. Acarol. 33:307-318.
• OSU Grape Pest Management Guide for Wine Grapes in Oregon. EM8143-E. Revised Mar 2008.
• May 18, 2007 Vineyard Notes: Short Shoot Syndrome Update
• Sept 7, 2007 Viticulture Notes - Mites and Short Shoot Syndrome
• Feb 22, 2008 OSU Winter Newsletter: Act now: Manage mites and short shoot syndrome and how to take shoot samples. about vineyard arthropods
• Oct 2007 and April 10, 2008 OSU Vineyard Newsletter: Whos who in the Vineyard
• James, D. G. 2007. Development of Hop Integrated Pest Management Strategies.
• Apr 20, 2008 OSU Spring Wine and Grape Research and Extension Newsletter: Observations in the Vineyard: keeping an eye on short shoot syndrome
• June 15, 2008 OSU Summer Newsletter. Take a Closer Look: Mite-associated short shoot syndrome and other factors expressing SSS
• Aug 8, 2008 OSU Fall Wine and Grape Research and Extension Newsletter http://wine.oregonstate.edu): Survey of the incidence of rust mites and short shoot syndrome in Oregon
• Oct 9, 2008 Alert Newsletter: Lab Test Reveals Mealybug found in Oregon Vineyards is not harmful vine mealybug.
• Gent, D. H. 2007. Biology, Epidemiology, and Management of Hop Disease. Technical Report submitted to Hop Research Council.
• Gent, D. H. 2008. Biology, Epidemiology, and Management of Hop Disease. Technical Report submitted to Hop Research Council.
• James, D. G. 2007. Development of Hop Integrated Pest Management Strategies. Technical Report submitted to Hop Research Council.
• James, D. G. 2008. Development of Hop Integrated Pest Management Strategies. Technical Report submitted to Hop Research Council.