Folate and Vitamin E Composition of the United States Food Supply: Emphasis on Peanuts

Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
200 D.W. BROOKS DR
ATHENS,GA 30602-5016

Performing Department
FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Non Technical Summary
The nutrient profile of peanuts is generally understood, but specific information about the effects of peanut type, cultivar, production area and variation due to production year is almost non-existent. Likewise, processing effects (roasting, peanut butter manufacture, flour and meal production) are not well documented for most components in the peanut, including folate and vitamin E. This study will provide highly documented data, supported by sound sampling plans, on the folate and vitamin E content of the food supply in the United States. Emphasis will be placed on, but not limited, to peanuts and peanut products.

Animal Health Component

40%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

40%

Applied

40%

Developmental

20%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
701	5010	1010	100%

Knowledge Area
701 - Nutrient Composition of Food;

Subject Of Investigation
5010 - Food;

Field Of Science
1010 - Nutrition and metabolism;

Keywords

Goals / Objectives
1. To continue to work with the United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Nutrient Data Laboratory to improve nutrient data available in the USDA Nutrient Databank. 2. Based on an extensive sample set of raw peanuts available to the investigator, representing different peanut types and cultivars currently produced in the United States, folate and vitamin E will be determined to show the effects of type, cultivar, location of growth, and year-to-year variation. 3. Interactions between vitamin E and specific fatty acids in the cultivars will be determined. 4. Stability of folate in peanuts to roasting and peanut butter manufacture will be studied. 5. Using response surface methods, extraction of folate from peanuts and peanut butter will be optimized.

Project Methods
Samples of peanut cultivars from two growing seasons will be assayed for total folate and vitamin E to determine effects of type, cultivar, location of growth and year-to-year variation in the nutrients. Folate stability in peanuts will be assessed for roasting and peanut butter processing.

Progress 08/01/07 to 07/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Analytical work was completed. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Consumers, dietitians, nutritionists and food industry. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Analytical studies on folate and vitamin E content of 225 cultivar specific peanut samples were completed and research manuscripts prepared for publication. Research associated with USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-1235-5-125 was completed. Compositional data was provided to the USDA Nutrient Data Bank to update information available for Runner, Virginia and Spanish peanuts.

Publications

Katherine S. Robbins, Eui-Cheol Shin, Robert L. Shewfelt, Ronald R. Eitenmiller and Ronald B. Pegg. 2011. Update on the Healthful Lipid Constituents of Commercially Important Tree Nuts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59, 12083-12092.

Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: 2009/01 TO 2009/12 OUTPUTS: Additional funding for USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-1235-5-125 (FY 2010) was provided for studies of the vitamin E content of the U.S. food supply. Analytical work is being completed. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Food and pharmaceutical industries, consumers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Consumers, dietitians, nutritionists and food industry PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
2009/01 TO 2009/12 Analytical studies on folate and vitamin E content of 225 cultivar specific peanut samples were completed and research manuscripts prepared for publication. Research associated with USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-1235-5-125 is close to completion.

Publications

1. Shin, E.-C, Huang, Y.-Z., Pegg, R. B., Phillips, R. D., and Eitenmiller, R. R., Commerical Runner peanut cultivars in the United States: Tocopherol composition, J. Agric. Food Chem., 57(21), 10289-10295, 2009. 2. Shin, E.-C, Craft, B. D., Pegg, R. B., Phillips, R. D., and Eitenmiller, R. R., Chemometric approach to fatty acid profiles in Runner-type peanut cultivars by principal component analysis (PCA), Food Chem., 119(3), 1262-1270, 2010. 3. Shin, E.-C., Pegg, R. B., Phillips, R. D., And Eitenmiller, R. R., Commercial Runner peanut cultivars in the United States: Fatty acid composition. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 112(2), 195-207, 2010. 4. Shin, E.-C., Pegg, R. B., Phillips, R. D., and Eitenmiller, R. R., Interrelationships among tocopherols of commercial Runner-type peanuts grown in the United States. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. Accepted.

Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Additional funding for USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-1235-5-125 (FY 2009) has been provided for studies of the vitamin E content of the U.S. food supply. Analytical work is being completed. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Food and pharmaceutical industries, consumers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Analytical studies on folate and vitamin E content of 225 cultivar specific peanut samples have been completed. Publications are under preparation.

Publications

Eitenmiller, R.R., and Pegg, R.B. 2009. Chapter 16. Compositional characteristics and health effects of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]. In Alasalvar, C. and Shahidi, F. (eds.), Tree Nut Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals, 259-283. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis, LLC.
Eitenmiller, R., Ye, L., and Landen, W.O., Jr., Vitamin Analysis for the Health and Food Sciences, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2008.

Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A sampling program was completed to provide 85 peanut samples for the 2005 crop year and 140 samples for the 2006 crop year. These samples represent peanut types and cultivars under current production in the United States. Normal and high oleic peanut cultivars are represented. TARGET AUDIENCES: Food and pharmaceutical industries, consumers

Impacts
Analytical studies on folate and vitamin E for the 225 cultivar specific samples are now being completed.

Publications

No publications reported this period