Progress 04/01/07 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Measuring small molecules including illicit drugs and their metabolites in raw municipal wastewater are the basis of wastewater epidemiology. OSU research addressed analytical chemistry and wastewater hydrology challenges to significantly advance this new field. The method can quantify ng/L levels of illicit drugs (cocaine and its major human metabolite benzoylecgonine, methamphetamine, MDMA,) pharmaceuticals (hydrocodone, oxycodone, methadone), caffeine, nicotine/cotinine, and the human urinary biomarker, creatinine. The method was novel because 1,800 microliters (1.8 mL) of raw wastewater was directly injected onto a HPLC/MS/MS without prior sample preparation. Using wastewaters collected from around the U.S., per capita loads of illicit drugs (mg/person/day) were mapped and analyzed, and trends were analyzed over time. A number of other analytical methods were developed at OSU that are based on direct, large-volume injection techniques for the analysis of polar organic contaminants such as fluorochemicals, biomarkers, illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals, and anabolic steroids by liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Simple modifications were made to existing commercial LC instruments so that large volumes of river and surface waters, and municipal wastewater could be directly analyzed. In collaboration with Japanese scientists, a direct-injection method for perchlorate in groundwater also was developed. Methods were developed to analyze large volumes of organic extracts for the analysis of fullerenes (carbon-based nanomaterials in environmental solids), and persistent, bioaccumulative fluorochemicals in groundwater. The team also utilized large epidemiological data sets to evaluate changing trends in the epidemiology of human exposure incidents involving agricultural and general use pesticides in the U.S. We also explored potential applications as well as the limitations of biomarkers of exposure to pesticides, and their relationship to health status in the general population. Data sets included the National Poison Data System (NPDS), the Oregon Poison Center, the National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Current toxicological literature was extensively reviewed to further delineate the use of biomarkers in the assessment of exposure and health effects from pesticides in the U.S. population. Two separate invited webinar presentations were given on the topic of health effects from exposure to indoor pesticide residues. One presentation specifically targeted health care providers, while the other was attended by a broader audience of pesticide applicators and public health officials. Over 100 individuals throughout the United States attended both of these webinars. Another research effort in this project was to improve the separation of complex PAH mixtures such as samples collected from Beijing, China during the 2008 Olympic Games, St. Maries Creosote soil, and Portland Harbor sediments. These were analyzed to compare different column combinations using an environmental matrix containing unresolved complex mixtures (UCM). PARTICIPANTS: Oregon Poison Control Center; Dr. Christoph Ort, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland; Dr. Caleb Banta Green, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Dr. Jean Daniel Berset, Water and Soil Protection Laboratory, Office of Water and Waste, Bern, Switzerland; Dr. Francesco Busetti, Water Quality Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University,Perth, Australia; Dr. Mort Barlaz, Department of Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University; Dr. Isobe Tomohiko, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Professor Shu Tao, Peking University; Dr. Wentao Wang, Chinese Government Official, Dr. Eunha Hoh, Assistant Professor, San Diego State University TARGET AUDIENCES: Health care providers; medical toxicologists; pesticide applicators; epidemiologists. State and federal scientists and regulators, wastewater treatment plant operators and engineers, public utilities. Chinese government and citizens, environmental health professionals conducting risk assessments on PAH exposure and lung cancer, National Institutes of Environmental Health Services, National Science Foundation PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The quantification of illicit drugs in wastewater is a potentially less biased approach for assessing illicit drug use within communities that can be combined with traditional indicators of drug abuse. The analytical methodology is sufficiently sensitive for routine analysis of municipal wastewater influent with the limits in the low nanogram/liter range. Direct injection minimizes the solid and organic solvent associated with sample analysis while minimizing analysis times, which makes the methodology more 'green' than existing analytical approaches. Trend information indicated that population changes should be taken into account for more accurate interpretation of temporal trends. The results may help epidemiologists better understand drug use by resident versus commuter populations for a given municipality. We found that municipal wastewater is a major source of fluorochemcials in the environment and that their removal during wastewater treatment is minimal. Fluorochemicals associated with wastewater move undegraded through a river system and the only means of controlling the occurrence of select fluorochemcials in the environment is to decrease human use. This finding may help regulators focus on reducing the number of products containing the most persistent forms of fluorochemicals. Analyses of regional data sets (Oregon Poison Control Center) identified significant differences in the risk of symptomatic pesticide exposures where higher risk was identified among individuals living in rural areas. The associate use of geographic information systems (GIS) is now being used by other U.S. poison control centers to better monitor when and where pesticide and other exposures occur. Analysis of data sets consistently confirmed a significant decrease in exposure incidents involving organophosphate insecticides, in association with their phase-out from most residential uses due to regulatory restrictions, but increased exposure to other pesticide classifications including the pyrethroids. The results have emphasized the need to recognize the potential adverse health effects associated with the agricultural and general use of pyrethroid insecticides. An invited review article based on a systematic literature review added to the growing body of toxicological literature that has raised important limitations about the use of dialkyl phosphates as biomarkers to assess exposure and adverse health effects in humans from the diet and other pathways. PAH mixture research found that column combination "C" resulted in greater orthogonality for the separation of complex PAH mixtures, both for standard solutions containing 97 different PAHs with similar physicochemical properties and for environmental matrices containing UCM and other matrix interferrances. In addition, the certain column combinations result in significantly shorter analysis times for complex PAH mixtures compared to one-dimensional GC/MS, as well as potentially reduced sample preparation. Future work will include the development of a method for quantification of complex PAH mixtures using these column combinations.
Publications
- Allan, S.E., Smith, B.W. Tanguay, R.L, and Anderson, K.A. Bridging environmental mixtures and toxic effects, Environ Toxic and Chem., in press, 2012
- Matzke MM, Allan S, Anderson KA, Waters KM. 2012. An improved approach for calculating a confidence interval from a single aquatic sample for monitoring hydrophobic organic contaminants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, in press, 2012
- Allan, S.E, Smith, B.W & Anderson, K.A. Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Gulf of Mexico coastal waters. Environ. Sci Tech. 46, 4, 2033-39, 2012.
- Forsberg ND, Stone D, Harding A, Harper B, Harris S, Matzke MM, Cardenas A, Waters KM, Anderson, KA. 2012. Effect of Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and possible risks to human health. J Agric Food Chem.
- Hobbie KA, Peterson ES, Barton ML, Waters KM, Anderson,KA. Integration of data systems and technology improves research and collaboration for a superfund research center. J Lab Autom. Katerine S. Saili, Margaret M. Corvi, Daniel N. Weberb, Ami U. Patel, Siba R. D, Jennifer Przybyla, Kim A. Anderson, Robert L. Tanguay. 2012. Neurodevelopmental low-dose bisphenol A exposure leads to early life-stage hyperactivity and learning deficits in adult zebrafish, Toxicology, 2012.
- C. Manzano, E. Hoh, S. Massey Simonich. 2012. Improved Separation of Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures Using Novel Column Combinations in GCxGC/ToF-MS. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 7677-7684.
- J. Wang, S. Chen, M. Tian, X. Zheng, L. Gonzales, T. Ohura, B. Mai, S. Massey Simonich. 2012. Inhalation Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures in an Electronic Waste and Urban Area in South China. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 9745-9752.
- D.F. Bradford, K. Stanley, N.G. Tallent-Halsell, D. W. Sparling, M. Nash, R. Knapp, L.L. McConnell, S. Massey Simonich. 2012. Temporal and Spatial Variation of Atmospherically Deposited Organic Contaminants at High Elevation in Yosemite National Park, California, USA, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, in press.
- J. Ding, J. Zhong, Y. Yang, B. Li, G. Shen, Y. Su, C. Wang, H. Shen, B. Wang, R. Wang, Y. Huang, Y. Zhang, H. Cao, Y. Zhu, S. Massey Simonich, S. Tao. 2012. Occurrence and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in a rural Chinese home through biomass fuelled cooking. Environmental Pollution, 169, 160-166.
- C. Davidson, K. Stanley, S. Simonich. 2012. Contaminant Residues and Declines of the Cascades Frog (Rana Cascadae) in the California Cascades, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31, 1895-1902.
- G. Shen, S. Tao, S. Wei, Y. Zhang, R. Wang, B. Wang, W. Li, H. Shen, Y. Huang, Y. Yang, Y. Chen, H. Chen, Y. Yang, W. Wang, W. Wei, X. Wang, W. Liu, X. Wang, S. Massey Simonich. 2012. Emissions of Parent, Nitro, and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Residential Wood Combustion in Rural China. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 8123-8130.
- G. Shen, S. Tao, S. Wei, Y. Zhang, R. Wang, B. Wang, W. Li, H. Shen, Y. Huang, Y. Yang, Y. Chen, H. Chen, Y. Yang, W. Wang, W. Wei, X. Wang, W. Liu, X. Wang, S. Massey Simonich. 2012. Reductions in Emissions of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Combustion of Biomass Pellets in Comparison with Raw Fuel Burning. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 6409-6416.
- G. Shen, S. Tao, S. Wei, Y. Zhang, R. Wang, B. Wang, W. Li, H. Shen, Y. Huang, Y. Yang, W. Wang, X. Wang, S. Massey Simonich. 2012. Retene Emission from Residential Solid Fuels in China and Evaluation of Retene as a Unique Marker for Softwood Combustion. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 4666-4672.
- J. Zhong, J. Ding, Y. Su, G. Shen, Y. Yang, C. Wang, S. Massey Simonich, H. Cao, Y. Zhu, S. Tao. 2012. Carbonaceous Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Human Exposure from Indoor Biomass Burning Practices in Rural Northern China. Environmental Engineering Science, in press.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The significant effort to reduce combustion emissions in Beijing during the Olympic period provided a unique opportunity to study the particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 um (PM2.5)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), nitro-PAH (NPAH) and oxy-PAH (OPAH) concentrations, as well as the associated toxicity, in correspondence with the implementation and removal of source control measures. PM2.5 samples were collected at a sampling site that was located on the roof of the 7-story Geology Building on the Peking University (PKU) campus, about 25 meters above ground. Sixty-three PM2.5 samples were collected over 24 h periods (~1500 m3 of air) from July 28 to September 3, 2008 and from September 13 to October 7, 2008. The PM2.5 samples were extracted with dichloromethane and the PAH, NPAH, and OPAH were measured by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry. The mutagenicity of these same extracts were measured in the Ames assay and potential for DNA damage was measured with the Comet Assay. PARTICIPANTS: Professor Shu Tao, Peking University; Dr. Wentao Wang, Chinese Government Official TARGET AUDIENCES: Chinese government and citizens, environmental health professionals conducting risk assessments on PAH exposure and lung cancer, National Institutes of Environmental Health Services. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Significant reductions in BC (45%), OC (31%), MW< 300 PAH (26% - 73%), MW 302 PAH (22% - 77%), NPAH (15% - 68%) and OPAH (25% - 53%) concentrations were measured during the source control and Olympic periods. However, the mutagenicity of the PM2.5 was significantly reduced only during the Olympic period. The PAH, NPAH, and OPAH composition of the PM2.5 was similar throughout the study, suggesting similar sources during the different periods. During the source control period, the parent PAH concentrations were correlated with NO, CO, and SO2 concentrations, indicating that these PAHs were associated with both local and regional emissions. However, the NPAH and OPAH concentrations were only correlated with the NO concentrations, indicating that the NPAH and OPAH were primarily associated with local emissions. The relatively high 2-nitrofluoranthene/1-nitropyrene ratio (25 - 46) and 2-nitrofluoranthene/2-nitropyrene ratio (3.4 - 4.8), suggested a predominance of photochemical formation of NPAHs through OH-radical-initiated reactions in the atmosphere. On average, the ΣNPAH and ΣOPAH concentrations were 8% of the parent PAH concentrations, while the direct-acting mutagenicity (due to the NPAH and OPAH) was 200% higher than the indirect-acting mutagenicity (due to the PAH). This suggests that NPAH and OPAH make up a significant portion of the overall mutagenicity of PM2.5 in Beijing. In addition, we used the relative potency factor approach to estimate the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) concentration of 17 carcinogenic PAHs before, during and after the 2008 Beijing Olympics on PM2.5. Using a point-estimate approach, the lifetime excess inhalation cancer risk due to exposure to the 17 carcinogenic PAHs was estimated to range from 6.5 to 518 per million people for the source control period concentrations and from 12.2 to 964 per million people for the non-source control period concentrations. This corresponded to a 46% reduction in inhalation cancer risk and indicated that the cancer risk posed by PAH exposure in Beijing air, as well as air in other Chinese megacities, can be greatly reduced by effective source control strategies. In addition, the total excess inhalation cancer risk would be underestimated by 23% if the 5 MW 302 PAHs were not included in the estimate. This indicates the importance of including these high molecular weight PAHs in future assessments both in China and in the U.S. In addition, our black carbon measurements provide insight into emissions from China and have possible implications for global climate change.
Publications
- Sudakin DL, Stone DL. Dialkyl phosphates as biomarkers of organophosphates: The current divide between epidemiology and clinical toxicology. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011;49(9):771-81. Epub 2011/11/15.
- W. Wang, N. Jariyasopit, J. Schrlau, Y. Jia, S. Tao, T. Yu, R. Dashwood, W. Zhang, X. Wang, S. Massey Simonich. 2011. "Concentration and Photochemistry of PAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs and Toxicity of PM2.5 during the Beijing Olympic Games". Environmental Science and Technology, 45, 6887-6895.
- Y. Jia, D. Stone, W. Wang, J. Schrlau, S. Tao, S. Massey Simonich. 2011. "Estimated Reduction in Cancer Risk due to PAH Exposures if Source Control Measures during the 2008 Beijing Olympics were Sustained". Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(6), 815-820.
- Forsberg, N.D., Wilson, G.R., Anderson, K.A. 2011. Addition to Determination of parent and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high-fat salmon using a modified QuEChERS extraction, dispersive SPE and GC-MS, J., Ag Food Chem, in press.
- Susan Ritger Crowell, Shantu G. Amin, Kim A. Anderson, Gowdahalli Krishnegowda, Arun K. Sharma, Jolen J. Soelberg, David E. William3, and Richard A. Corley. 2011. PRELIMINARY PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS FOR BENZO[A]PYRENE AND DIBENZO[DEF,P]CHRYSENE IN RODENTS, J. Tox & Applied Pharma, in press.
- Katerine S. Saili, Margaret M. Corvi, Daniel N. Weberb, Ami U. Patel, Siba R. D, Jennifer Przybyla, Kim A. Anderson, Robert L. Tanguay. 2011. Neurodevelopmental low-dose bisphenol A exposure leads to early life-stage hyperactivity and learning deficits in adult zebrafish, Toxicology, 2011 in press.
- Forsberg, N.D., Wilson, G.R., Anderson, K.A. 2011. Determination of parent and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high-fat salmon using a modified QuEChERS extraction, dispersive SPE and GC-MS, J., Ag Food Chem 2011, 59(15) 8108-16.
- Allan, S., Sower, GJ and Anderson KA. 2011. Using passive sampling devices as biological surrogates in ecological and human risk models. Chemosphere, 85, 2011, 920-927.
- N. D. Forsberg, R. Rodriguez-Proteau, L. Ma, J. Morre, J. M. Christensen, C. S. Maier, J. J. Jenkins, K. A. Anderson, "Organophosphorus pesticide degradation product in vitro metabolic stability and time-course uptake and elimination in rats following oral and intravenous dosing" Xenobiotica, 2011, 1-8.
- Harper, S.L., J.L. Carriere, J.M. Miller, J.E. Hutchison, B.L.S. Maddux and R.L. Tanguay. 2011. Systematic evaluation of nanomaterial toxicity: utility of standardized materials and rapid assays. ACS Nano 5: 4688-4697.
- W.P. Ela, D.L. Sedlak, M. Barlaz, H. Henry, D. Muir, D. Swackhamer, E.J. Weber, R.G. Arnold, L. Ferguson, J. Field, E. Furlong, J.P. Giesy, R. U. Halden, T. Henry, R. Hites, K. Hornbuckle, P. Howard, R.G. Luthy, A. Meyer, A.E. Saez, F. vom Saal, C. Vulpe, and M.R. Wiesner. 2011. Identifying the Next Generation of Superfund and Hazardous Waste Site Contaminants. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119 (1), 6-10.
- Huset, CA., Barlaz, MA., Barofsky, DF., and Field, JA. 2011. Quantitative Determination of Fluorochemicals in Municipal Landfill Leachates. Chemosphere, 82, 1380-1386.
- Backe, W, Ort, C., Brewer, AJ, and Field, JA. 2011. Analysis of Androgenic Steroids in Environmental Waters by Large-volume Injection Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 83, 2622-2630.
- Chiaia, A.C., Banta-Green, C. and Field, JA 2011. Interpreting Methamphetamine Levels in an Endemic-Use Community. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 18, 1471-1477.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: From 2005 to present, a project investigator collaborated with the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations on a project which focused on the human and environmental impact of pesticide use (including POPs) in rural communities along the Niger and Senegal rivers, spanning seven West African countries. In April, 2010, the PI traveled to Dakar, Senegal to conduct a workshop on pesticide dietary risk assessment (Altelier sur l'evaluation des risques des pesticides sur la sante humaine). This bilingual workshop was sponsored by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and OSU. Workshop participants were a diverse group from across West Africa, with expertise in medicine, toxicology, public health, pesticide regulation, and analytical chemistry. In addition, as a part of the GEF project in West Africa, in partnership with FAO and Environnement et Developpement du Tiers Monde (ENDA), researchers are working with one of ENDA's teams in Senegal, PRONAT, to develop a survey and focus group protocols designed to obtain information on pesticide use and human exposure in 30 rural communities along the Senegal and Niger rivers, spanning seven West African countries. PARTICIPANTS: Cosponsors included the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and OSU. Workshop participants were a diverse group from across West Africa, with expertise in medicine, toxicology, public health, pesticide regulation, and analytical chemistry to gathered to obtain information on pesticide use and human exposure in 30 rural communities along the Senegal and Niger rivers, spanning seven West African countries TARGET AUDIENCES: rural communities and their irrigated agriculture, including Africa. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
One of the aims of this project is capacity building in addressing human health and environmental risks associated with pesticide use practices in rural communities and their irrigated agriculture. Capacity building focuses on monitoring for pesticides in the environment, including food and water, developing survey tools that provide data on pesticide use practices and human behavior that can be used to evaluate pesticide exposure and human health risks, and the use of risk assessment methodologies adapted to meet the needs of evaluating pesticide human health risks in developing countries.
Publications
- Hope, BK, D Stone, T Fuji, RW Gensemer, J Jenkins. 2010. Meeting the Challenge of Identifying Persistent Pollutants at the State Level. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 735-748.
- Blaustein, K. and J.J. Jenkins. 2010. Workshop on Dietary Risk Assessment for Pesticides: Use of LifeLine Software Tools. Dakar, Senegal, April 26-29, 2010. Report to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities include wastewater collection, and chemical and data analysis. Information was disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, interviews by the popular press, and conference presentations. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: local municipal governments local communities scientific community PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Current methods for obtaining hard data on illicit drug use are limited and potentially biased. In collaboration with the Associated of Clean Water Agencies (ACWA), Oregon Department of Human Services, a statewide campaign was conducted to demonstrate the capability of using data on illicit drugs including methamphetamine, cocaine, and ecstasy in the wastewater of individual communities. On Tuesday March 2008, 96 wastewater treatment plants around of the state of Oregon, which represented ~65% of the state's population, voluntarily sent samples of their wastewater influent to researchers at Oregon State University. The samples were quantitatively analyzed in order to report each community's average drugs load (mg/person/day), which takes dilution and each community's population into account. Statistical analyses indicated that cocaine use is more prevalent in urban areas with 92% of the communities testing positive for cocaine. Methamphetamine was present in the wastewater from all communities. Ecstasy was found in only 50% of the participating communities with higher use in urban areas over rural areas. For this project, innovative analytical approaches were developed to simultaneously analyze the trace levels of illicit drugs and their metabolites in raw wastewater. The scientific community at large benefits from this development.
Publications
- Sudakin D. and Power L.E. 2009. Regional and temporal variation in methamphetamine-related incidents: applications of spatial and temporal scan statistics. Clinical Toxicology, 47, 243-247.
- Banta-Green C., Field J., Chiaia A., Sudakin D., Power L. and Montigny L. 2009. Cocaine, methamphetamine and MDMA use by urbanicity- A demonstration using a population measure of community drug load derived from municipal wastewater in the State of Oregon. Addiction, 104, 1874-1880.
- Sudakin, DL, Power, LE. 2009. Regional variation in the severity of pesticide exposure outcomes: applications of geographic information systems and spatial scan statistics. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009, 47(3):248-252.
- Stone, DL and Sudakin, DL. 2009. "Longitudinal Trends in Organophosphate Incidents Reported to NPIC: Role of Regulation." Presented as a Poster at the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology meeting. September 22, 2009. San Antonio, TX. Published in Clinical Toxicology.
- B. Giri, K.S. Patel, N.K. Jaiswal, S. Sharma, B. Ambade, S. Simonich, B.R.T. Simoneit. 2009. "Composition and Sources of Organic Tracers in Aerosol Particles of Central India". Atmospheric Environment, submitted.
- D.F. Bradford, K. Stanley, L.L. McConnell, N.G. Tallent-Halsell, M. S. Nash, S. Massey Simonich. 2009. "Spatial Patterns of Atmospherically Deposited Organic Contaminants at High-Elevation in the Southern Sierra Nevada Mountains, California", Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, in review.
- X. Zeng, S. Massey Simonich, K. Robrock, P. Korytar, L Alvarez-Cohen, D. Barofsky. 2009. "Application of a congener specific debromination model to study photodebromination, anaerobic microbial debromination, and Fe0 reduction of PBDEs", Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, in press.
- M. Scheringer, KC Jones, M. Matthies, S. Simonich and D. Van de Meent. 2009. "Multimedia Partitioning, Overall Persistence, and Long-Range Transport Potential in the Context of POPs and PBT Assessments". Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 5(4), 557-576.
- W. Wang, S.L. Massey Simonich, J. Zhao, M. Xue, J. Cao, S. Tao. 2009. "Concentrations, Sources and Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in soils from Beijing, Tianjin, and surrounding areas, North China", Environmental Pollution, in review.
- W. Wang, S.L. Massey Simonich, J. Zhao, W. Wang, M. Xue, J. Cao, S. Tao. 2009. "Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon concentrations and gas/particle partitioning at background, rural village, and urban sites in the North China Plain", Atmospheric Environment, in review.
- K.A. Stanley, L.R. Curtis, S.L. Massey Simonich, R.L. Tanguay. 2009. "Endosulfan I and Endosulfan Sulfate Disrupts Zebrafish Embryonic Development", Aquatic Toxicology, in press.
- K.J. Hageman, W.D. Hafner, D.H. Campbell, D.A. Jaffe, D.H. Landers, S.L. Massey Simonich. 2009. "Variability in Pesticide Deposition and Source Contributions to Snowpack in Western U.S. National Parks", Environmental Science and Technology, in review.
- D.H. Landers, S. Massey Simonich, D. Jaffe, L. Geiser, D.H. Campbell, A. Schwindt, C. Schreck, M. Kent, W. Hafner, H.E. Taylor, K. Hageman, S. Usenko, L. Ackerman, J. Schrlau, N. Rose, T. Blett, M. Morrison Erway. 2009. "The Western Airborne Contaminant Assessment Project (WACAP): An Interdisciplinary Evaluation of the Impacts of Airborne Contaminants", Environmental Science and Technology, in press.
- S.L. Massey Simonich. 2009. "Response to Comment on "Atmospheric Particulate Matter Pollution during the 2008 Beijing Olympics"", Environmental Science and Technology, in press.
- W. Wang, T. Primbs, S. Tao, and S. Massey Simonich. 2009. "Atmospheric Particulate Matter Pollution during the 2008 Beijing Olympics", Environmental Science and Technology, 43(14), 5314-5320.
- A.R. Schwindt, M.L. Kent, L.K. Ackerman, S.L. Massey Simonich, D.H. Landers, T. Blett, C.B. Schreck. 2009. "Reproductive Abnormalities in Trout from Western U.S. National Parks", Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 138, 522-531.
- S. Genualdi, S. Massey Simonich, T. Primbs, T. Bidleman, L. M. Jantunen, K.S. Ryoo, and T. Zhu. 2009. "Enantiomeric Signatures of Organochlorine Pesticides in Asian, Trans-Pacific and Western U.S. Air Masses", Environmental Science and Technology, 43(8), 2806-2811.
- K. Stanley, S. Massey Simonich, D. Bradford, C. Davidson, N. Tallent-Halsell. 2009. "Comparison of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion for the Measurement of Semi-Volatile Organic Compound Accumulation in Tadpoles". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(10), 2038-2043.
- S.L. Massey Simonich and D. Jaffe. 2009. "Persistent Organic Pollutants". In: Global Sources of Local Pollution: An Assessment of Long-Range Transport of Key Air Pollutants to and from the United States. The National Academies Press, Washington DC.
- Jepson, P.C. 2009. Assessing environmental risks of pesticides In: Radcliffe, E.B., Hutchinson, W.D., Cancelado, R.E. (Eds) Integrated Pest Management: Concepts, Strategies, Tactics and Case Studies pp 205-220 Cambridge University Press, 540pp.
- Maund, S., Biggs, J., Williams, P., Whitfield, M., Sherratt, T., Powley, W., Heneghan, P., Jepson, P., Shilabeer, N. 2009. The influence of simulated immigration and chemical persistence on recovery of macroinvertebrates from cypermethrin and 3,4-dichloroaniline exposure in aquatic mesocosms. Pest Management Science 65, 678-687.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The experimental approaches of this program include controlled laboratory experiments and database/model development. Specifically, an analytical method was developed based on the injection of large volumes of sample was developed as a sensitive and robust alternative methodology for detecting trace levels of organic contaminants in wastewater. The methods to reach target audiences will encompass a variety of media including workshops, seminars, peer-reviewed manuscripts, newsletters and websites. PARTICIPANTS: International Organization of Biological Control working group, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology Agilent Corporation, Waters Corporation, Oregon Department of Human Services, Corvallis Wastewater Treatment Plant (City of Corvallis TARGET AUDIENCES: The general public; state and federal regulatory agencies; research community PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Research on fluorochemicals indicated that municipal wastewater is a major source of fluorochemcials in the environment and that their removal during wastewater treatment is minimal. The team discovered that fluorochemicals associated with wastewater move undegraded through a river system and that the only means of controlling the occurrence of select fluorochemcials in the environment is to decrease human use. This finding may help regulators focus on reducing the number of products containing the most persistent forms of fluorochemicals.
Publications
- Romeis, J., Bartsch, D., Bigler, F., Candolfi, M.P., Gielkens, M.M.C., Hartley, S.E., Hellmich, R.L., Huesing, J.E., Jepson, P.C., Layton, R., Quemada, H., Raybould, A., Rose, R.I., Schiemann, J., Sears, M.K., Shelton, A.M., Sweet, J., Vaituzis, Z., Wolt, J.D. (2008) Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods, Nature Biotechnology 26, 203-208
- Johnson, K.R., Jepson, P.C., Jenkins, J.J. (2008) Esfenvalerate-induced case abandonment in the larvae of the caddis fly Brachycentrus americanus. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 27, 397-403
- Palmquist, K.R., Jenkins, J.J., Jepson, P.C. (2008) Clutch morphology and the timing of exposure impact the susceptibility of aquatic insect eggs to esfenvalerate. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 27, 1713-1720
- Palmquist, K.R., Jenkins, J.J., Jepson, P.C. (2008) Effects of dietary esfenvalerate exposure on three aquatic insect species representing different functional feeding groups. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 27, 1721-1727
- Palmquist, K.R., Jepson, P.C., Jenkins, J.J. (2008) Impact of aquatic insect life stage and emergence strategy on sensitivity to esfenvalerate exposure. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 27, 1728-1734
- S. Genualdi, R. Killin, J. Woods, G. Wilson, D. Schmedding, S. Massey Simonich. 2008. "Trans-Pacific and Regional U.S. Atmospheric Transport of PAHs and Pesticides in Biomass Burning Emissions", Environmental Science and Technology, in press.
- T. Primbs, G. Wilson, D. Schmedding, C. Higginbotham, S. Massey Simonich. 2008. "Influence of Asian and Western United States Agricultural Areas and Fires on the Atmospheric Transport of Pesticides in the Western United States", Environmental Science and Technology, 42, 6519-6525.
- Landers, D.H., S.L. Simonich, D. Jaffe, L. Geiser, D. H. Campbell, A. Schwindt, C. Schreck, M. Kent, W. Hafner, H.E. Taylor, K. Hageman, S. Usenko, L. Ackerman, J. Schrlau, N. Rose, T. Blett, M. Morrison Erway. 2008. The Fate, Transport, and Ecological Impacts of Airborne Contaminants in Western National Parks (USA). EPA/600/R-07/138. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, NHEERL, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon.
- S.L. Simonich, "Fate and Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Western U.S.", Peking University, Beijing, China, August 12, 2008.
- S.L. Simonich, "Transport and Deposition of Contaminants to Glacier National Park", Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Program: A Workshop for Montana, Missoula, MT, April 23, 2008.
- S.L. Simonich, "Trans-Pacific Transport and Deposition of POPs in the Western U.S.", Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution, USEPA, Washington D.C., June 9, 2008.
- S. Genualdi, S.L. Simonich, T. Primbs, T. Bidleman, L. Jantunen, K.S. Ryoo "Use of Chiral Signatures of Organochlorine Pesticides in Asian, Trans-Pacific, and Western U.S. Air Masses to Identify Source Regions", American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA December 2008.
- Sower, G, and Anderson, KA "Spatial and temporal variation of bioaccessable PAHs in an urban river undergoing Superfund remediation" Environ Sci & Tech, 2008, 42, 4486-4493.
- Anderson, K.A. & Hillwalker, W.E. Chapter "Ecotoxicology Bioavailability" Encyclopedia of Ecology, Elsevier Publishing Inc. Oxford, in press, 2008.
- Chiaia, A. and Field, J.A. 2008. Large Volume Injection for the Direct Analysis of Illicit Drugs in Municipal Wastewaters. Environmental Science and Technology, 42, 8841-8848.
- Dongren Yang, Jody Girouard, Kyung Ho Kim, Andrew Phimister, Joceyln Reider, Thomas Ward, Kim A. Anderson, Prasada Rao S. Kodavanti, Robert W. Stackman, Amy B. Wisniewski, Sabra Klein, Ron Mervis, Isaac N. Pessah, Pamela J. Lein. "Developmental Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls Interferes with Experience-Dependent Dendritic Plasticity and Ryanodine Receptor Expression in Weanling Rats" accepted for publication, Environmental Health Perspectives, 2008 on-line September 2008, doi10.1289/ehp11771.
- Anderson, K.A., Sethajintanin, D, Sower, G. and Quarles, L. "Field trial and modeling of uptake rates of in situ lipid free polyethylene membrane passive sampler" Environ. Sci Tech. 2008, 42, 4486-4493.
- Suzan Dziennis, Dongren Yang, Jian Cheng, Kim Anderson, Nabil J. Alkayed, Patricia D.Hurn and Pamela J. Lein. "Developmental exposure to polychlorinated byphenyls influences of stroke outcome in adult rats" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2008, 116, 4, 474-480.
- Huset, C., Chiaia, A., Barofsky, D., Jonkers, N., Kohler, H-P., Ort, C., Giger, W., and Field, J. 2008. Occurrence and mass flows of fluorochemicals in the Glatt Valley Watershed, Switzerland. Environmental Science and Technology, 42; 6369-6377.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The subprogram Fate of Bioavailable Agrichemicals and Environmental Contaminants seeks to develop sampling devices and methods to measure contaminants and effects on bioavailabilty. The subprogram Biomarkers for persistent contaminants in aquatic ecosystems seeks to identify proteins that are potential new biomarkers for exposure to and effects of persistent contaminants in fish. Investigators studying the Ecotoxicology of Pesticides in order to more effectively advance and transfer science to agricultural and regulatory stakeholders, will employ a variety of procedures. Investigators studying ecological risks to aquatic and terrestrial arthropods exposed to IPM practices will review and analyze existing risk assessment procedures. The subprogram Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of Agricultural Chemicals to Remote ecosystems seeks to identify, develop, and or validate trace analytical methods for agricultural chemicals and other contaminants, as well as biomarkers. Results of this study were disseminated through a number of national and international meetings, publications, and an online library. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: practioners in the field of environmental engineering and remediation as well as contaminated field site owners, managers, and site contractors, regulatory officials (including the US EPA Office of Pesticide Programs), health care providers, public health professionals, and the general public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
A mechanistic approach will allow for development of novel physical and biological analytical techniques to assist in ascertaining fate and effects. This new knowledge is required for the advancement of science-based management strategies which prevent or mitigate unacceptable adverse impacts on human and environmental health. The ultimate goal of the program is to inform the public and policy makers about risks and benefits of agricultural and emerging chemical uses. Indeed, one investigator has become a nationally recognized expert in the recognition, management, and prevention of pesticide poisonings. His work has emphasized the importance of prevention and recognizing agricultural workers and their families who are at higher risk of exposure to pesticides and have been intended to reduce the risk of adverse health effects in association with the use of pesticides in the United States. His work has culminated in an electronic library and many reports to the Environmental Protection Agency. Work in the Fate of Bioavailable Contaminants subprogram has resulted in development of technology to measure rates of reductive chlorination, which can be used to determine the feasibility of remediating contaminated groundwater. This technology has been put to use by the Environmental Restoration Office at Hickam Air Force Base to design an long-term remediation action plan. Another outcome is the finding that surrogates, or chemicals very similar to groundwater contaminants, can be used to measure in situ rates of contaminant transformation, which a technological break-through in field experiments. In addition, this technology can be extended to identify a wide range of organic contaminants in subsurface environments. Other work has indentified that fish exposed to low, environmentally realistic levels of copper had an impaired sense of smell and were less responsive to the chemical alarm signal. The current study is an example of how contaminants can disrupt the chemical ecology of aquatic organisms. In the case of salmon, a sublethal loss of sensory function may increase predation mortality in urbanized watersheds. The influence of copper on predator-prey interactions is the focus of ongoing research, with the eventual aim of linking individual survival to the productivity of wild salmon populations. Investigators studying Ecological Risks to Arthropods have identified that sublethal levels of pyrethroid, a common household insecticide, may disrupt the life cycles of caddisflies and increase rates of predation on the larvae by other aquatic insects and fish even at doses as minute as 2 parts per billion. Agricultural and urban use of the synthetic pyrethroids has become increasingly common as an alternative to the organophosphates. Increased pyrethroid use has renewed interest in expanding the understanding of the potential for adverse impacts on ecological health of aquatic systems.
Publications
- Jenkins, J., L. Norris and K. Maas-Hebner. 2007. Allegheny National Forest Final Environmental Impact Statement Appendix G1 - Human Health Risk Assessment for Glyphosate and Sulfometuron Methyl. U. S. Forest Service. March 2007.
- Jenkins, J. 2007. Capability of West African Laboratories for Pesticide Trace Analysis. Report to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
- Power LE, Sudakin DL. Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures in the United States: a longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers. J Med Toxicol. 2007 Sep;3(3):94-9.
- Sudakin DL. Appendix A: informational sources on pesticides and health. J Agromedicine. 2007;12(1):77-82.
- Sudakin DL. Organophosphate exposures in the United States: a longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Jan 15;70(2):141-7.
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